CN112164497B - Low-loss phase-stable cable for airborne early warning radar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-loss phase-stable cable for airborne early warning radar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
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- H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
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- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
- H01B11/1808—Construction of the conductors
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- H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
- H01B11/1834—Construction of the insulation between the conductors
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- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
- H01B11/1878—Special measures in order to improve the flexibility
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- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
- H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
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- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
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- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/292—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to heat
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-loss phase-stable cable for an airborne early warning radar, which comprises a conductor, an insulating layer, an outer conductor, a shielding layer and a sheath, wherein the conductor is a plurality of silver-plated soft round copper wire stranded conductors, the outer surface of the conductor is coated with the insulating layer, the outer surface of the insulating layer is coated with the outer conductor, the outer conductor is a silver-plated copper flat belt wrapped on the outer surface of the insulating layer, the overlapping rate of the wrapped silver-plated copper flat belt is more than 40%, the outer surface of the outer conductor is coated with the shielding layer, the shielding layer is formed by weaving silver-plated soft round copper wires, and the sheath is wrapped on the outer surface of the shielding layer; the cable prepared by the invention has light weight, good bending performance and elastic recovery deformation capacity, mechanical performance obviously higher than that of a semi-flexible cable, shielding effect close to that of a semi-hard cable, and phase stability and information transmission safety performance in the signal transmission process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cable manufacturing, and particularly relates to a low-loss phase-stable cable for an airborne early warning radar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The early warning machine is an information hub and a command center of an air-based early warning detection system, integrates multiple functions of early warning detection, information fusion, information distribution, command control and the like, is responsible for searching, tracking and identifying the air, the sea and the ground in a large range, and commands and guides own airplanes, ships and shore-based fire control systems to fight. The airborne early warning radar overcomes the limitation of the earth curvature on the observation visual range because of being erected on an airplane flying at high altitude, enlarges the detection distance of low altitude and ultra-low altitude, finds out farther enemy planes and missiles, and provides more early warning time for an anti-air system.
In the prior art, coaxial cables used by airborne warning radars are of a semi-flexible series, a semi-rigid series and a flexible series, and the main structure of the coaxial cables is generally composed of an inner conductor of a silver-plated copper wire or a copper core wire, a solid polytetrafluoroethylene insulating layer, an outer conductor of a silver-plated copper flat wire winding (or silver-plated copper wire weaving or tinned copper wire weaving integral tin immersion) and a sheath outer layer. Although the appearance of the cable structures effectively improves the high-frequency data transmission requirement and the anti-interference capability of the cable, the defects exist, the surface of the cable insulation layer is seriously uneven, the fluctuation of the characteristic impedance of the cable is large, the attenuation performance is further influenced, and the maintenance degree and the detection precision of the airborne radar are finally reduced, so that the problem that the low-loss phase-stabilized cable of the airborne early warning radar is provided is very outstanding at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-loss phase-stable cable for an airborne early warning radar and a preparation method thereof.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
in the prior art, the airborne early warning radar cable is high in production cost, self-weight, attenuation and loss, and the invention provides the low-loss phase-stabilizing cable, so that on the premise of keeping attenuation, low loss and excellent bending resistance, the cost is reduced, the self weight is reduced, and meanwhile, the pollution to the environment is weakened.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the low-loss phase-stable cable comprises a conductor, an insulating layer, an outer conductor, a shielding layer and a sheath, wherein the conductor is a plurality of silver-plated soft round copper wire stranded conductors, the outer surface of the conductor is coated with the insulating layer, the outer surface of the insulating layer is coated with the outer conductor, the outer conductor is a silver-plated copper flat belt wrapped on the outer surface of the insulating layer, the covering rate of the wrapped silver-plated copper flat belt is more than 40%, the outer surface of the outer conductor is coated with the shielding layer, the shielding layer is formed by weaving silver-plated soft round copper wires, and the sheath is wrapped on the outer surface of the shielding layer;
as a further aspect of the present invention, the sheath is made of a modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material, which is made by the following method:
step S1, adding silica aerogel and polytetrafluoroethylene into absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring for 20-30min at the room temperature and the rotation speed of 1200-;
s2, placing the hardened composite material in a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment, gradually heating to 350-;
step S3, carrying out vacuum pumping treatment on the reaction kettle to ensure that the oxygen content is less than 30ppm, adding deionized water accounting for 30-40% of the volume of the reaction kettle into the reaction kettle, adding sodium perfluorooctanoate and acetone, heating the reaction kettle to 80-105 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 2.0-4.5MPa, adding a mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate into the reaction kettle, stirring for 2-3h under the condition of 500 plus materials/min of rotation speed, then adding a heat insulation filler a, and continuously stirring for 30-60min under the condition of unchanged rotation speed to obtain a mixed material, and extruding and granulating the mixed material in a double-screw extruder to obtain the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the amount ratio of the silica aerogel, the polytetrafluoroethylene and the absolute ethyl alcohol in step S1 is 1 g: 1-3 g: 5-10mL, the mixed monomer in the step S3 is prepared by mixing ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene according to the molar ratio of 1-20:15-65:40-60, and the mass ratio of deionized water, sodium perfluorooctanoate, acetone, the mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate in the step S3 is 5: 0.1-1: 1-3: 20-30: 1-5:0.1-0.5, and in step S3, the addition amount of the heat insulation filler a is 3-10% of the mass of the mixed monomer.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the insulating layer is made of a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material, which is made by a method comprising:
step S11, adding calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 6-8h, then drying in an oven at the temperature of 110-125 ℃ for 4-6h, sieving with a 400-mesh sieve, placing in an electric furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8-10h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S12, mixing tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 200mL of the solution into a beaker, and magnetically stirring for 5-10min, wherein the beaker is marked as A beaker; adding oxalic acid dihydrate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, and magnetically stirring for 15-20min, wherein the beaker is marked as a beaker B; ammonium oxalate monohydrate and deionized water are added according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, controlling the temperature to be 50-55 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 5-10min, wherein the beaker is marked as a C beaker; calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, copper nitrate trihydrate and deionized water according to the dosage ratio of 0.025 mol: 0.075 mol: adding 150mL of the solution into a beaker, and continuously stirring the solution on a magnetic stirrer until the solution turns blue, wherein the beaker is marked as beaker D;
s13, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker B into the beaker A by using an acid burette and continuously stirring after the solution in the beaker B is completely dropwise added, stopping stirring after the solution in the beaker C is completely dropwise added, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker D into the beaker A by using an alkali burette, then adding ammonia water into the beaker A to make the pH value in the beaker A be 3-4, preserving heat for 2h at 50-53 ℃, aging the precipitate for 24h at room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake by using ethanol until the washing solution is neutral, drying to constant weight at 80-90 ℃, then ball-milling for 2-3h, and calcining for 4-8h at 800 ℃ to obtain submicron-grade copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S14, adding titanate coupling agent NDZ-201 and ethanol into a beaker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30min, adding micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder into the beaker, performing ball milling on the mixture for 4h on a planetary ball mill, drying the mixture to constant weight, and sieving the mixture through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a composite inorganic filler;
and step S15, adding polytetrafluoroethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding an antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and wrapping a roller, adding a composite inorganic filler, mixing for 15-30min, and extruding to obtain the modified polytetrafluoroethylene material.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the ratio of the amounts of calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol in step S11 is 1 g: 3 g: 4 g: 5-10mL, wherein the dosage ratio of the titanate coupling agent NDZ-201, the ethanol, the micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and the submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder in the step S14 is 1-2 mL: 3-5 mL: 1 g: 1g, in the step S15, the dosage ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide, glyceryl laurate and the composite inorganic filler is 100: 0.3-0.5: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 3-5.
The preparation method of the low-loss phase-stable cable of the airborne early warning radar comprises the following steps:
and (3) coating and installing an insulating layer on the outer surface of the conductor, coating and installing an outer conductor on the outer surface of the insulating layer, coating and installing a shielding layer outside the outer conductor, coating and installing a sheath outside the shielding layer, and preparing the low-loss phase-stable cable for the airborne early warning radar.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a low-loss phase-stable cable for an airborne early warning radar, which comprises a conductor, an insulating layer, an outer conductor, a shielding layer and a sheath, wherein the conductor is a plurality of silver-plated soft round copper wire stranded conductors, the insulating layer is made of a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material, the outer conductor is a silver-plated copper flat belt wrapped on the outer surface of the insulating layer, the shielding layer is formed by weaving silver-plated soft round copper wires, and the sheath is made of a modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material; the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer sheath is prepared by taking silica aerogel and polytetrafluoroethylene as raw materials to prepare the heat insulation filler a, mixing and reacting the heat insulation filler a with mixed monomers and other additives to obtain the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer material, and utilizing the multi-branch nano porous three-dimensional network structure, ultralow conductivity, ultralow dielectric constant, low refractive index and excellent heat insulation performance of the silica aerogel, the sheath has the characteristics of good heat insulation performance and good mechanical performance.
2. The insulating layer of the low-loss phase-stable cable of the airborne early warning radar consists of a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material, copper calcium titanate ceramic powder with different particle sizes is prepared to obtain a composite inorganic filler, the functional group of a titanate coupling agent NDZ-201 is utilized to perform chemical reaction on the hydroxyl adsorbed on the surface of the composite inorganic filler, the dispersibility of the composite inorganic filler in a polymer matrix is improved, and then the composite inorganic filler, polytetrafluoroethylene and other components are added into an open mill, so that the composite inorganic filler is fully wrapped by the polytetrafluoroethylene to form a three-dimensional network structure, organic molecules and inorganic molecules are closely arranged, the insulating layer has a compact structure, good thermal stability and low dielectric loss.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-loss phase-stabilizing cable of an airborne early warning radar of the invention.
In the figures, the reference numerals represent the following:
1. a conductor; 2. an insulating layer; 3. an outer conductor; 4. a shielding layer; 5. a sheath.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A low-loss phase-stable cable for an airborne early warning radar is shown in figure 1 and comprises a conductor 1, an insulating layer 2, an outer conductor 3, a shielding layer 4 and a sheath 5, wherein the conductor 1 is a plurality of silver-plated soft round copper wire stranded conductors, the insulating layer 2 is coated on the outer surface of the conductor 1, the outer conductor 3 is coated on the outer surface of the insulating layer 2, the outer conductor 3 is a silver-plated copper flat belt wrapped on the outer surface of the insulating layer 2, the covering rate of the wrapped silver-plated copper flat belt is 42%, the shielding layer 4 is coated on the outer surface of the outer conductor 3, the shielding layer 4 is formed by weaving silver-plated soft round copper wires, and the sheath 5 is coated on the outer surface of the shielding layer 4;
the sheath 5 is made of a modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material, and the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding silica aerogel and polytetrafluoroethylene into absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring for 20min at room temperature at the rotating speed of 1200r/min, then drying for 5h in an oven at the temperature of 105 ℃ to obtain mixed powder, and compacting the mixed powder for 4min under the pressure of 8MPa to obtain a hardened composite material;
s2, placing the hardened composite material in a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment, gradually heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then cooling to 300 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, and finally cooling to room temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min to obtain a heat insulation filler a;
step S3, carrying out vacuum pumping treatment on the reaction kettle to ensure that the oxygen content is less than 30ppm, adding deionized water accounting for 30% of the volume of the reaction kettle into the reaction kettle, adding sodium perfluorooctanoate and acetone, heating the reaction kettle to 80 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 2.0MPa, adding a mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate into the reaction kettle, stirring for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 500r/min, then adding a heat insulation filler a, continuously stirring for 30 minutes under the condition of constant rotating speed to obtain a mixed material, and extruding and granulating the mixed material in a double-screw extruder to obtain the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer material.
In the step S1, the dosage ratio of the silicon dioxide aerogel, the polytetrafluoroethylene to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 g: 1 g: 5mL, the mixed monomer in the step S3 is prepared by mixing ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene according to the molar ratio of 1:15:40, and the mass ratio of deionized water, sodium perfluorooctanoate, acetone, the mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate in the step S3 is 5: 0.1: 1: 20: 1:0.1, and the addition amount of the heat insulating filler a in the step S3 is 3% of the mass of the mixed monomer.
The insulating layer 2 is made of a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material which is prepared by the following method:
step S11, adding calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol into a planetary ball mill, ball-milling for 6h, drying for 4h in an oven at 110 ℃, sieving with a 400-mesh sieve, placing in an electric furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S12, mixing tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 200mL of the solution into a beaker, and magnetically stirring for 5min, wherein the beaker is marked as A beaker; adding oxalic acid dihydrate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, and magnetically stirring for 15min, wherein the beaker is marked as a beaker B; ammonium oxalate monohydrate and deionized water are added according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 5min, wherein the beaker is marked as a C beaker; calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, copper nitrate trihydrate and deionized water according to the dosage ratio of 0.025 mol: 0.075 mol: adding 150mL of the solution into a beaker, and continuously stirring the solution on a magnetic stirrer until the solution turns blue, wherein the beaker is marked as beaker D;
s13, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker B into the beaker A by using an acid burette and continuously stirring after the solution in the beaker B is completely dropwise added, stopping stirring after the solution in the beaker C is completely dropwise added, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker D into the beaker A by using an alkali burette, then adding ammonia water into the beaker A to enable the pH value in the beaker A to be 3, preserving heat for 2 hours at 50 ℃, aging the precipitate for 24 hours at room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake by using ethanol until the washing solution is neutral, drying to constant weight at 80 ℃, then carrying out ball milling for 2 hours, and calcining for 4 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain submicron copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S14, adding a titanate coupling agent NDZ-201 and ethanol into a beaker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min, adding micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder into the beaker, performing ball milling on the mixture for 4h on a planetary ball mill, drying the mixture to constant weight, and sieving the mixture through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a composite inorganic filler;
and step S15, adding polytetrafluoroethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding an antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and wrapping a roller, adding a composite inorganic filler, mixing for 15min, and extruding to obtain the modified polytetrafluoroethylene material.
In step S11, the dosage ratio of calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 g: 3 g: 4 g: 5mL, wherein the dosage ratio of the titanate coupling agent NDZ-201, the ethanol, the micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and the submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder in the step S14 is 1 mL: 3mL of: 1 g: 1g, in the step S15, the dosage ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide, glyceryl laurate and the composite inorganic filler is 100: 0.3: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 3.
example 2
A low-loss phase-stable cable for an airborne early warning radar comprises a conductor 1, an insulating layer 2, an outer conductor 3, a shielding layer 4 and a sheath 5, wherein the conductor 1 is a plurality of silver-plated soft round copper wire stranded conductors, the insulating layer 2 is coated on the outer surface of the conductor 1, the outer conductor 3 is coated on the outer surface of the insulating layer 2, the outer conductor 3 is a silver-plated copper flat belt wrapped on the outer surface of the insulating layer 2, the covering rate of the wrapped silver-plated copper flat belt is 45%, the shielding layer 4 is coated on the outer surface of the outer conductor 3, the shielding layer 4 is formed by weaving silver-plated soft round copper wires, and the sheath 5 is coated on the outer surface of the shielding layer 4;
the sheath 5 is made of a modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material, and the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding silica aerogel and polytetrafluoroethylene into absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring for 25min at the room temperature at the rotating speed of 1300r/min, then drying for 8h in an oven at the temperature of 108 ℃ to obtain mixed powder, and compacting the mixed powder for 4min under the pressure of 9MPa to obtain a hardened composite material;
s2, placing the hardened composite material in a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment, gradually heating to 360 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then cooling to 320 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, and finally cooling to room temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min to obtain a heat insulation filler a;
step S3, carrying out vacuum pumping treatment on the reaction kettle to ensure that the oxygen content is less than 30ppm, adding deionized water accounting for 35% of the volume of the reaction kettle into the reaction kettle, adding sodium perfluorooctanoate and acetone, heating the reaction kettle to 90 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 3.5MPa, adding a mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate into the reaction kettle, stirring for 2.5 hours at the rotating speed of 600r/min, then adding a heat insulation filler a, and continuously stirring for 45 minutes under the condition that the rotating speed is not changed to obtain a mixed material, and extruding and granulating the mixed material in a double-screw extruder to obtain the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material.
In the step S1, the dosage ratio of the silicon dioxide aerogel, the polytetrafluoroethylene to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 g: 2 g: 8mL, the mixed monomer in the step S3 is prepared by mixing ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene according to a molar ratio of 10:30:50, and the mass ratio of deionized water, sodium perfluorooctanoate, acetone, the mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate in the step S3 is 5: 0.7: 2: 25: 4:0.4, and the addition amount of the heat insulating filler a in the step S3 is 8% of the mass of the mixed monomer.
The insulating layer 2 is made of a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material which is prepared by the following method:
step S11, adding calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol into a planetary ball mill, ball-milling for 7h, drying for 5h in an oven at 118 ℃, sieving with a 400-mesh sieve, placing in an electric furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 9h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S12, mixing tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 200mL of the solution into a beaker, and magnetically stirring for 8min, wherein the beaker is marked as A beaker; adding oxalic acid dihydrate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, and stirring for 18min by magnetic force, wherein the beaker is marked as a beaker B; ammonium oxalate monohydrate and deionized water are added according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, controlling the temperature to be 53 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 8min, wherein the beaker is marked as a C beaker; calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, copper nitrate trihydrate and deionized water according to the dosage ratio of 0.025 mol: 0.075 mol: adding 150mL of the solution into a beaker, and continuously stirring the solution on a magnetic stirrer until the solution turns blue, wherein the beaker is marked as beaker D;
s13, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker B into the beaker A by using an acid burette and continuously stirring after the solution in the beaker B is completely dropwise added, stopping stirring after the solution in the beaker C is completely dropwise added, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker D into the beaker A by using an alkali burette, then adding ammonia water into the beaker A to enable the pH value in the beaker A to be 4, preserving heat for 2 hours at 52 ℃, aging the precipitate for 24 hours at room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake by using ethanol until the washing solution is neutral, drying to constant weight at 85 ℃, then carrying out ball milling for 2.5 hours, and calcining for 6 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain submicron-grade copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S14, adding a titanate coupling agent NDZ-201 and ethanol into a beaker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, adding micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder into the beaker, performing ball milling on the mixture for 4h on a planetary ball mill, drying the mixture to constant weight, and sieving the mixture through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a composite inorganic filler;
and step S15, adding polytetrafluoroethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding an antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and wrapping a roller, adding a composite inorganic filler, mixing for 20min, and extruding to obtain the modified polytetrafluoroethylene material.
In step S11, the dosage ratio of calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 g: 3 g: 4 g: 8mL, wherein the dosage ratio of the titanate coupling agent NDZ-201, the ethanol, the micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and the submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder in the step S14 is 1 mL: 4mL of: 1 g: 1g, in the step S15, the dosage ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide, glyceryl laurate and the composite inorganic filler is 100: 0.4: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 4.
example 3
A low-loss phase-stable cable for an airborne early warning radar comprises a conductor 1, an insulating layer 2, an outer conductor 3, a shielding layer 4 and a sheath 5, wherein the conductor 1 is a plurality of silver-plated soft round copper wire stranded conductors, the insulating layer 2 is coated on the outer surface of the conductor 1, the outer conductor 3 is coated on the outer surface of the insulating layer 2, the outer conductor 3 is a silver-plated copper flat belt wrapped on the outer surface of the insulating layer 2, the covering rate of the wrapped silver-plated copper flat belt is 44%, the shielding layer 4 is coated on the outer surface of the outer conductor 3, the shielding layer 4 is formed by weaving silver-plated soft round copper wires, and the sheath 5 is coated on the outer surface of the shielding layer 4;
the sheath 5 is made of a modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material, and the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding silica aerogel and polytetrafluoroethylene into absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring for 30min at the room temperature at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, then drying for 10h in an oven at the temperature of 110 ℃ to obtain mixed powder, and compacting the mixed powder for 4min under the pressure of 10MPa to obtain a hardened composite material;
s2, placing the hardened composite material in a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment, gradually heating to 370 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then cooling to 330 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, and finally cooling to room temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min to obtain a heat insulation filler a;
step S3, carrying out vacuum pumping treatment on the reaction kettle to ensure that the oxygen content is less than 30ppm, adding deionized water accounting for 40% of the volume of the reaction kettle into the reaction kettle, adding sodium perfluorooctanoate and acetone, heating the reaction kettle to 105 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 4.5MPa, adding a mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate into the reaction kettle, stirring for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 800r/min, then adding a heat insulation filler a, continuously stirring for 60 minutes under the condition of unchanged rotating speed to obtain a mixed material, and extruding and granulating the mixed material in a double-screw extruder to obtain the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer material.
In the step S1, the dosage ratio of the silicon dioxide aerogel, the polytetrafluoroethylene to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 g: 3 g: 10mL, the mixed monomer in the step S3 is prepared by mixing ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene according to a molar ratio of 20:65:60, and the mass ratio of deionized water, sodium perfluorooctanoate, acetone, the mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate in the step S3 is 5: 1: 3: 30: 5:0.5, and in step S3, the addition amount of the heat insulating filler a is 10% of the mass of the mixed monomer.
The insulating layer 2 is made of a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material which is prepared by the following method:
step S11, adding calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol into a planetary ball mill, ball-milling for 8h, drying in an oven at 125 ℃ for 6h, sieving with a 400-mesh sieve, placing in an electric furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S12, mixing tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 200mL of the solution into a beaker, and magnetically stirring for 10min, wherein the beaker is marked as A beaker; adding oxalic acid dihydrate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, and magnetically stirring for 20min, wherein the beaker is marked as a beaker B; ammonium oxalate monohydrate and deionized water are added according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, controlling the temperature to be 55 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 10min, wherein the beaker is marked as a C beaker; calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, copper nitrate trihydrate and deionized water according to the dosage ratio of 0.025 mol: 0.075 mol: adding 150mL of the solution into a beaker, and continuously stirring the solution on a magnetic stirrer until the solution turns blue, wherein the beaker is marked as beaker D;
s13, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker B into the beaker A by using an acid burette and continuously stirring after the solution in the beaker B is completely dropwise added, stopping stirring after the solution in the beaker C is completely dropwise added, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker D into the beaker A by using an alkali burette, then adding ammonia water into the beaker A to enable the pH value in the beaker A to be 4, preserving heat for 2 hours at 53 ℃, aging the precipitate for 24 hours at room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake by using ethanol until the washing solution is neutral, drying to constant weight at 90 ℃, then ball-milling for 3 hours, and calcining for 8 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain submicron copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S14, adding a titanate coupling agent NDZ-201 and ethanol into a beaker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, adding micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder into the beaker, performing ball milling on the mixture for 4h on a planetary ball mill, drying the mixture to constant weight, and sieving the mixture through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a composite inorganic filler;
and step S15, adding polytetrafluoroethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding an antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and wrapping a roller, adding a composite inorganic filler, mixing for 30min, and extruding to obtain the modified polytetrafluoroethylene material.
In step S11, the dosage ratio of calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 g: 3 g: 4 g: 10mL, wherein the dosage ratio of the titanate coupling agent NDZ-201, the ethanol, the micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and the submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder in the step S14 is 2 mL: 5mL of: 1 g: 1g, in the step S15, the dosage ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide, glyceryl laurate and the composite inorganic filler is 100: 0.5: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 5.
comparative example 1
Compared with the example 1, the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene is replaced by fluorinated ethylene, and other raw materials and preparation processes are not changed.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 2, the modified polytetrafluoroethylene is replaced by polytetrafluoroethylene, and other raw materials and preparation processes are not changed.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is a common cable for an airborne early warning radar in the market.
The cables of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance tests, the results of which are shown in the following table:
the above table shows that the unit weight of the cable in the embodiment 1-3 is lighter than that of the cable in the comparative example 1-3, and the cable in the embodiment 1-3 has better effects in tests of capacitance, characteristic impedance, voltage standing wave ratio, attenuation and tensile strength than those of the cable in the comparative example 1-3, so that the low-loss phase-stabilizing cable for the airborne early warning radar prepared by the invention has the characteristics of attenuation reduction, low voltage standing wave ratio and small impedance, and has great application value on the airborne early warning radar.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the principles of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions of the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the claims set forth herein.
Claims (4)
1. The low-loss phase-stable cable for the airborne early warning radar is characterized by comprising a conductor (1), an insulating layer (2), an outer conductor (3), a shielding layer (4) and a sheath (5), wherein the conductor (1) is a plurality of silver-plated soft round copper wire stranded conductors, the insulating layer (2) is coated on the outer surface of the conductor (1), the outer conductor (3) is coated on the outer surface of the insulating layer (2), the outer conductor (3) is a silver-plated copper flat belt wrapped on the outer surface of the insulating layer (2), the covering rate of the silver-plated copper flat belt wrapped on the outer surface is more than 40%, the shielding layer (4) is coated on the outer surface of the outer conductor (3), the shielding layer (4) is formed by weaving the silver-plated soft round copper wires, and the sheath (5) is coated on the outer surface of the shielding layer (4);
the sheath (5) is made of a modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material, and the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding silica aerogel and polytetrafluoroethylene into absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring for 20-30min at the room temperature and the rotation speed of 1200-;
s2, placing the hardened composite material in a high-temperature furnace for heat treatment, gradually heating to 350-;
step S3, carrying out vacuum pumping treatment on a reaction kettle to ensure that the oxygen content is less than 30ppm, adding deionized water accounting for 30-40% of the volume of the reaction kettle into the reaction kettle, adding sodium perfluorooctanoate and acetone, heating the reaction kettle to 80-105 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 2.0-4.5MPa, adding a mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate into the reaction kettle, stirring for 2-3h under the condition of 500 plus materials/min of rotation speed, then adding a heat insulation filler a, and continuously stirring for 30-60min under the condition of unchanged rotation speed to obtain a mixed material, and extruding and granulating the mixed material in a double-screw extruder to obtain the modified fluorinated ethylene propylene material;
in the step S1, the dosage ratio of the silicon dioxide aerogel, the polytetrafluoroethylene to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 g: 1-3 g: 5-10mL, the mixed monomer in the step S3 is prepared by mixing ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene according to the molar ratio of 1-20:15-65:40-60, and the mass ratio of deionized water, sodium perfluorooctanoate, acetone, the mixed monomer, diethyl malonate and potassium sulfate in the step S3 is 5: 0.1-1: 1-3: 20-30: 1-5:0.1-0.5, and in step S3, the addition amount of the heat insulation filler a is 3-10% of the mass of the mixed monomer.
2. The low-loss phase-stable cable for the airborne early warning radar according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer (2) is made of a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material, and the modified polytetrafluoroethylene material is made by the following method:
step S11, adding calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 6-8h, then drying in an oven at the temperature of 110-125 ℃ for 4-6h, sieving with a 400-mesh sieve, placing in an electric furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8-10h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S12, mixing tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 200mL of the solution into a beaker, and magnetically stirring for 5-10min, wherein the beaker is marked as A beaker; adding oxalic acid dihydrate and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, and magnetically stirring for 15-20min, wherein the beaker is marked as a beaker B; ammonium oxalate monohydrate and deionized water are added according to the dosage ratio of 0.1 mol: adding 250mL of the mixture into a beaker, controlling the temperature to be 50-55 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 5-10min, wherein the beaker is marked as a C beaker; calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, copper nitrate trihydrate and deionized water according to the dosage ratio of 0.025 mol: 0.075 mol: adding 150mL of the solution into a beaker, and continuously stirring the solution on a magnetic stirrer until the solution turns blue, wherein the beaker is marked as beaker D;
s13, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker B into the beaker A by using an acid burette and continuously stirring after the solution in the beaker B is completely dropwise added, stopping stirring after the solution in the beaker C is completely dropwise added, dropwise adding the solution in the beaker D into the beaker A by using an alkali burette, then adding ammonia water into the beaker A to make the pH value in the beaker A be 3-4, preserving heat for 2h at 50-53 ℃, aging the precipitate for 24h at room temperature, filtering, washing a filter cake by using ethanol until the washing solution is neutral, drying to constant weight at 80-90 ℃, then ball-milling for 2-3h, and calcining for 4-8h at 800 ℃ to obtain submicron-grade copper calcium titanate ceramic powder;
step S14, adding titanate coupling agent NDZ-201 and ethanol into a beaker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30min, adding micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder into the beaker, performing ball milling on the mixture for 4h on a planetary ball mill, drying the mixture to constant weight, and sieving the mixture through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain a composite inorganic filler;
and step S15, adding polytetrafluoroethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding an antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and wrapping a roller, adding a composite inorganic filler, mixing for 15-30min, and extruding to obtain the modified polytetrafluoroethylene material.
3. The low-loss phase-stable cable for the airborne early warning radar according to claim 2, wherein the dosage ratio of calcium carbonate, copper oxide, titanium dioxide and absolute ethyl alcohol in the step S11 is 1 g: 3 g: 4 g: 5-10mL, wherein the dosage ratio of the titanate coupling agent NDZ-201, the ethanol, the micron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder and the submicron-sized copper calcium titanate ceramic powder in the step S14 is 1-2 mL: 3-5 mL: 1 g: 1g, in the step S15, the dosage ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide, glyceryl laurate and the composite inorganic filler is 100: 0.3-0.5: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 3-5.
4. The preparation method of the low-loss phase-stabilized cable for the airborne early warning radar according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer (2) is coated and mounted on the outer surface of the conductor (1), the outer conductor (3) is coated and mounted on the outer surface of the insulating layer (2), the shielding layer (4) is coated and mounted outside the outer conductor (3), and the sheath (5) is coated and mounted outside the shielding layer (4), so that the low-loss phase-stabilized cable for the airborne early warning radar is prepared.
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Denomination of invention: A Low Loss Phase Stabilized Cable for Airborne Early Warning Radar and Its Preparation Method Effective date of registration: 20230317 Granted publication date: 20211123 Pledgee: Anhui inaction rural commercial bank Limited by Share Ltd. Pledgor: ANHUI LONGAN CABLE GROUP Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980035178 |