CN112163954B

CN112163954B - Transaction method and device based on block chain

Info

Publication number: CN112163954B
Application number: CN202011175660.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 纪世玮; 王乐庆; 涂培辉
Original assignee: Tencent Technology Shenzhen Co Ltd
Current assignee: Tencent Technology Shenzhen Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-28
Filing date: 2020-10-28
Publication date: 2022-04-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-28
Also published as: CN112163954A

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a transaction method and device based on a block chain. The transaction method based on the block chain comprises the following steps: determining a target digital asset according to the digital asset set disclosed on the blockchain, and initiating a transaction request to a seller node corresponding to the target digital asset; after the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal to the block chain, endorsement is carried out on the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsement result; generating transaction information according to the first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, wherein the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node in endorsement of the transaction proposal; and sending the transaction information to the sequencing node, so that the sequencing node packs the transaction information into a block and broadcasts the block to the block chain, wherein the block is used for enabling the nodes in the alliance chain to update the state of the ledger. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application can improve the transaction efficiency and ensure the security and reliability of the transaction.

Description

Transaction method and device based on block chain

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of blockchain, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for transaction based on blockchain.

Background

At present, the asset transaction mainly adopts an offline transaction mode, however, the offline transaction mode not only requires that a buyer has higher examination capability on the qualification of a seller, but also the whole transaction process is time-consuming and labor-consuming and has lower efficiency. In addition, after the transaction is completed, the transaction certificate stored in the form of paper is easy to be forgotten or lost, which also easily causes puzzlement for dispute resolution in the future. Moreover, the buyer needs to spend the cost to authenticate the transaction certificate in the subsequent process of utilizing the assets. In summary, there are many drawbacks to the existing offline transaction method.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a transaction method and device based on a block chain, so that the transaction efficiency can be improved at least to a certain extent, and the security and reliability of transaction are guaranteed.

Other features and advantages of the present application will be apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned by practice of the application.

According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a blockchain-based transaction method, where the blockchain includes a management node, a buyer node, a seller node, and a sorting node, and the blockchain-based transaction method is performed by the buyer node, and includes: determining a target digital asset according to the digital asset set disclosed on the blockchain, and initiating a transaction request to a seller node corresponding to the target digital asset so that the seller node responds to the transaction request to generate a transaction proposal; after the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal to the block chain, endorsement is carried out on the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsement result; generating transaction information according to the first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, wherein the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node in endorsement of the transaction proposal; and sending the transaction information to the sequencing node, so that the sequencing node packs the transaction information into a block and broadcasts the block to the block chain, wherein the block is used for enabling the nodes in the alliance chain to update the state of the ledger.

According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a blockchain-based transaction method, where the blockchain includes a management node, a buyer node, a seller node, and a sorting node, and the blockchain-based transaction method is performed by the seller node, and includes: receiving a transaction request initiated by the buyer node for a target digital asset of the seller node, wherein the target digital asset is determined by the buyer node according to a digital asset set disclosed on the block chain; responding the transaction request to generate a transaction proposal, and broadcasting the transaction proposal to the block chain so that nodes in the block chain endorse the transaction proposal; after the sorting node packages transaction information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the block chain, updating the state of an account book according to the blocks, wherein the transaction information is sent to the sorting node by the buyer node and is generated by the buyer node according to a first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, the first endorsement result is obtained by the buyer node performing endorsement on the transaction proposal, and the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node performing endorsement on the transaction proposal.

According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a blockchain-based transaction apparatus, where the blockchain includes a management node, a buyer node, a seller node, and a sorting node, and the blockchain-based transaction apparatus is disposed in the buyer node, including: the determining unit is configured to determine a target digital asset according to the digital asset set disclosed on the blockchain, and initiate a transaction request to a seller node corresponding to the target digital asset, so that the seller node generates a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request; the endorsement unit is configured to endorse the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsement result after the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal to the block chain; the generating unit is configured to generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, wherein the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node in an endorsement manner on the transaction proposal; the sending unit is configured to send the transaction information to the sorting node, so that the sorting node packs the transaction information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the block chain, and the blocks are used for enabling nodes in the block chain to update the state of the book.

In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the apparatus further includes: a first application unit configured to initiate a first registration application for joining the block chain to the management node, where the first registration application includes the identity information of the buyer node; and the message receiving unit is configured to receive a verification passing message sent by the management node, wherein the verification passing message is sent by the management node after the management node verifies the identity identification information of the buyer node and passes the verification.

According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a blockchain-based transaction apparatus, the blockchain including a management node, a buyer node, a seller node and a sorting node, the blockchain-based transaction apparatus being disposed in the seller node, including: a receiving unit configured to receive a transaction request initiated by the buyer node for a target digitized asset of the seller node, the target digitized asset being determined by the buyer node according to the set of digitized assets disclosed on the blockchain; the response unit is configured to respond to the transaction request to generate a transaction proposal and broadcast the transaction proposal to the block chain so that nodes in the block chain endorse the transaction proposal; the updating unit is configured to update the state of the book according to the block after the sorting node packages transaction information into the block and broadcasts the block to the block chain, wherein the transaction information is sent to the sorting node by the buyer node and is generated by the buyer node according to a first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, the first endorsement result is obtained by the buyer node performing endorsement on the transaction proposal, and the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node performing endorsement on the transaction proposal.

In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the apparatus further includes: a second application unit configured to initiate a second registration application for joining the blockchain to the management node, where the second registration application includes qualification information of the seller node; and the certificate receiving unit is configured to receive a digital certificate issued by the management node, wherein the digital certificate is issued after the management node verifies and passes the qualification information of the seller node.

In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing scheme, the digital certificate includes valid time information, and the apparatus further includes: the time determining unit is configured to determine the updating time of the qualification information according to the effective time information; and the first qualification updating unit is configured to update the qualification information and initiate a new registration application to the management node based on the new qualification information if the updating time of the qualification information is up, so that the management node can check the new qualification information based on the new registration application.

In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the apparatus further includes: a notification receiving unit configured to receive a certificate revocation notification sent by the management node; and the second qualification updating unit is configured to update the qualification information according to the certificate revocation notification, and initiate a new registration application to the management node based on the new qualification information, so that the management node verifies the new qualification information based on the new registration application.

In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the response unit includes: a transaction authority receiving subunit configured to receive a transaction authority for the target digitized asset, which is sent by the management node, where the transaction authority is sent by the management node to the seller node after the management node encrypts the target digitized asset by using the public key of the seller node; and the response subunit is configured to respond to the transaction request to generate the transaction proposal according to the transaction authority.

In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the response subunit is configured to: decrypting the encrypted target digital asset using a private key of the seller node after confirming the transaction fee paid by the buyer node for the target digital asset; and encrypting the decrypted target digital asset by using the public key of the buyer node to generate the transaction proposal.

In some embodiments of the application, based on the foregoing scheme, the block chain further includes a third party node participating in a transaction, where the transaction information is generated by the buyer node according to the first endorsement result, the second endorsement result, and a third endorsement result, and the third endorsement result is obtained by the third party node endorsement of the transaction proposal.

In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the third endorsement result is generated by the third party node after confirming an execution result of the transaction proposal, and the execution result of the transaction proposal is obtained by the third party node executing the transaction proposal by invoking a target smart contract.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a blockchain based transaction method as described in the above embodiments.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an electronic device including: one or more processors; a storage device to store one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement a blockchain based transaction method as described in the embodiments above.

According to an aspect of embodiments herein, there is provided a computer program product or computer program comprising computer instructions stored in a computer readable storage medium. The processor of the computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions to cause the computer device to perform the blockchain-based transaction method provided in the various alternative embodiments described above.

In the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of the present application, a blockchain includes a management node, a buyer node, a seller node, and a sorting node, where the buyer node may determine a target digitized asset according to a digitized asset set of a formula on the blockchain, then initiate a transaction request to the seller node corresponding to the target digitized asset, so that the seller node generates a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request, after the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal to the blockchain, the buyer node may endorse the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsement result, the management node may also endorse the transaction proposal to obtain a second endorsement result, and further, the buyer node may generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result and the second endorsement result, and finally, the buyer node may send the transaction information to the sorting node, so that the sorting node packs the transaction information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the blockchain, nodes in the blockchain may update the ledger status according to the block. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the block chain is utilized to handle the transaction process on the chain, so that the processes of material filling, auditing and the like in the off-line transaction process are greatly reduced, and the cost of manpower and material resources is reduced; and secondly, the transaction process information and the transaction information stored in the block chain have the characteristics of non-repudiation, non-tampering and safety and non-reversibility, so that the transaction process information and the transaction information are more public, transparent and traceable, and the reliability of the information is improved.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:

fig. 1A shows a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 1B shows a block diagram according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 1C shows a flow diagram of a tile generation method according to one embodiment of the present application;

fig. 1D illustrates an underlying architecture diagram of a blockchain network according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a blockchain-based transaction method according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram of a blockchain-based transaction method according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram of a blockchain-based transaction method according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram of a blockchain-based transaction method according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6A shows a schematic view of a page of a digitized property applied in a property trading scenario by a blockchain based trading method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6B illustrates an interaction flow diagram of a blockchain-based trading method applied in a real estate trading scenario according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6C illustrates an interaction flow diagram of a blockchain-based trading method applied in a real estate trading scenario according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a blockchain based transaction device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a blockchain based transaction device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a computer system suitable for use in implementing the electronic device of an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art.

Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the application. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the subject matter of the present application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, and so forth. In other instances, well-known methods, devices, implementations, or operations have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the application.

It is to be noted that the terms used in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-described drawings are only for describing the embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. It will be understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," and the like, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It will be further understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element without departing from the scope of the present invention. Similarly, a second element may be termed a first element. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities only and do not necessarily correspond to physically separate entities. I.e. these functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor means and/or microcontroller means.

The flow charts shown in the drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all of the contents and operations/steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the order described. For example, some operations/steps may be decomposed, and some operations/steps may be combined or partially combined, so that the actual execution sequence may be changed according to the actual situation.

It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more.

Before further detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, terms and expressions referred to in the embodiments of the present application will be described, and the terms and expressions referred to in the embodiments of the present application will be used for the following explanation.

(1) Block chain (Blockchain): the blockchain is a novel application mode of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, a consensus mechanism and an encryption algorithm. The block chain, which is essentially a decentralized database, is a string of data blocks associated by using a cryptographic method, and each data block contains information of a batch of network transactions, which is used for verifying the validity (anti-counterfeiting) of the information and generating a next block. The blockchain may include a blockchain underlying platform, a platform product services layer, and an application services layer.

Blockchains are generally divided into three types: public chain (Public Blockchain), Private chain (Private Blockchain) and alliance chain (Consortium Blockchain).

Among them, the most decentralized is the public chain. Common public chains have bitcoin and ether houses, and nodes/participants joining the public chains can read data on the chains, issue transactions, compete for the accounting rights of new blocks and the like; also, each node/participant is free to join and leave the public chain. The private chain is contrary, the accounting authority of the private chain is controlled by a certain organization or organization, the data reading authority is also controlled by the organization or organization, and the number of participants is few, and the participants cannot be added into the private chain at will and need to be audited by the organization or organization.

A federation chain is also referred to as a community blockchain, which refers to a blockchain whose consensus process is controlled by a preselected node, and is a mixture of public and private chains, which can achieve "partial decentralization". Each node on the chain typically has a physical organization or organization corresponding to it; participants jointly maintain blockchain operation by authorizing to join the network and forming a benefit-related alliance. With a federation chain, a new participant can join an already formed blockchain and share data without having to build it from scratch. At the same time, companies have reduced development costs and time expenses by solving common problems together.

Whether public, private, or alliance, may provide the functionality of an intelligent contract. An intelligent contract on a blockchain is a contract that can be executed on a blockchain system triggered by a transaction. An intelligent contract may be defined in the form of code.

(2) Smart contract (Smart contract): also called chain code (chainode) or application code, is a computer protocol intended to propagate, verify or execute contracts in an informative way, programs deployed in nodes of a blockchain network, carrying business logic to perform transactions, running in an isolated execution environment (e.g. container or virtual machine). Each node in the blockchain system can automatically execute a contract program according to a specific condition, can operate data stored in the chain, and is an important way for a user to interact with the blockchain and realize business logic by using the blockchain. The goal of smart contracts is to provide a secure method over traditional contracts and to reduce other transaction costs associated with the contracts, which allows for trusted transactions that are traceable and irreversible without third parties.

(3) Ledger (hedger): is a general term for blockchains (also known as ledger data), and state databases that are synchronized with blockchains. Wherein, the blockchain records the transaction in the form of a file in a file system; the state database records the transactions in the blockchain in the form of different types of Key (Key) Value pairs for supporting fast query of the transactions in the blockchain.

(4) The node is specifically created by adopting an asymmetric encryption algorithm, for example, the node can randomly generate the private key first, and then the public key is calculated by the private key based on the principle of the asymmetric encryption algorithm.

The asymmetric encryption algorithm may include, but is not limited to: the Elgamal algorithm, the Rabin algorithm, the Diffie-Hellman algorithm, the elliptic Curve Encryption (ECC) algorithm. Wherein the key pair comprises a public key and a private key; the public key is typically broadcast to the blockchain network and the private key is kept by the node. It should be noted that the public and private keys in the blockchain network are unique.

At present, in the house property transaction process, procedures such as house property right registration, property right transfer and the like are completely carried out by an offline house administration. The buyer and the seller need to go to the housing administration bureau on the spot by himself or herself, the housing administration bureau confirms the ownership of the house in a manner of issuing a house property certificate, and the house property certificate indicates the house property location, the house property owner, the registration time of the house property right, the house property area, the house property certificate number and other information of the house property.

On-line platforms related to real estate, such as chain houses, shells and the like, only provide opportunities for on-line display and convenient match transaction, and buyers need to handle the flow of passing through the house through lines after seeing proper real estate on the platforms. And the real estate transaction platform is not opened through closed-loop processes such as transaction, tax payment, contract signing, procedure handling and the like.

The existing house property transaction process has at least the following disadvantages:

(1) the authentication cost of the identity qualification is high. The current off-line delivery transaction flow requires a higher review capability of the buyer. For example, when a new house is bought from a real estate developer, the developer with insufficient qualification may fail to make a house after the buyer has paid a certain cost, and the buyer is lost. In the second-hand house purchase, the property right is not clear, or the property right is repeatedly mortgage, and finally loss is caused.

(2) The transaction cost of the real estate is high. The business buyer and seller are required to go to the bureau for data filling and signing on the working day. The bureau of housing and management needs to hire staff to audit and authenticate the data and confirm the identity of the buyer and the seller. After the process is completed, entity files are made and delivered to the house management office. After the buyer and the seller complete the examination and the document signing of all the materials in the house administration office, 10 to 15 working days are needed to obtain a new house property certificate for completing the transaction of the past house. Meanwhile, the house-passing procedure is carried out through a house administration office, and over 80 yuan of cost needs to be borne by a house buying office. In addition, the house buyer can not finish the online purchase with the highest efficiency on line, and the house buyer depends on the offline communication and house buying process with the house institution, which causes the intermediary cost equivalent to 2% of the house money. The whole process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and a plurality of links with the improved efficiency are provided.

(3) When the house property is purchased, the buyer and the seller need to pay taxes for the house in a local tax bureau, and the tax payment result needs to be fed back to the house administration by virtue of a receipt for the next procedure.

(4) After the offline transaction is completed, both the buyer and the seller can take a plurality of paper documents for storage. In the future, when disputes occur, documents such as contracts are needed to provide corresponding evidences. But the paper evidence of the entity is forgotten and lost, so that the paper evidence causes puzzlement to future judicial problems.

(5) After buying a house, the buyer needs to perform asset authentication in many links such as going out of country, handling visas and the like. At this time, the property needs to be operated in a series of offline operations to provide a certificate of the property, and then the other party needs a certain cost to authenticate the certificate.

In view of the above, an embodiment of the present application provides a block chain-based transaction method, where the block chain includes a management node, a buyer node, a seller node, and a sorting node, where the buyer node may determine a target digitized asset according to a digitized asset set of a formula on the block chain, then initiate a transaction request to the seller node corresponding to the target digitized asset, so that the seller node generates a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request, after the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal to the block chain, the buyer node may endorse the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsement result, the management node may also endorse the transaction proposal to obtain a second endorsement result, and further, the buyer node may generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result and the second endorsement result, and finally, the buyer node may send the transaction information to the sorting node, so that the sorting node packs the transaction information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the block chain, nodes in the blockchain may update the ledger status according to the block. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the block chain is utilized to handle the transaction process on the chain, so that the processes of material filling, auditing and the like in the off-line transaction process are greatly reduced, and the cost of manpower and material resources is reduced; and secondly, the transaction process information and the transaction information stored in the block chain have the characteristics of non-repudiation, non-tampering and safety and non-reversibility, so that the transaction process information and the transaction information are more public, transparent and traceable, and the reliability of the information is improved.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an architecture of a blockchain network 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Blockchain network 100 includes a plurality of blockchain node devices (also referred to herein as nodes), such as node 101, node 102, node 103, node 104, and the like. Although the blockchain network 100 shown in fig. 1 includes four nodes, it should be understood that in actual practice, the blockchain system 100 may include more or fewer nodes.

Optionally, each node may be each client in the blockchain network, may be an electronic device such as a mobile phone, a personal computer, a tablet computer, a vehicle-mounted unit, a server, and the like, and may also be an application program. Each node 101 may receive input information while operating normally and maintain shared data within the data sharing system based on the received input information. In order to ensure information intercommunication in the data sharing system, information connection can exist between each node in the data sharing system, and information transmission can be carried out between the nodes through the information connection. For example, when an arbitrary node in the data sharing system receives input information, other nodes in the data sharing system acquire the input information according to a consensus algorithm, and store the input information as data in shared data, so that the data stored on all the nodes in the data sharing system are consistent.

Each node in the data sharing system has a node identifier corresponding thereto, and each node in the data sharing system may store a node identifier of another node in the data sharing system, so that the generated block is broadcast to the other node in the data sharing system according to the node identifier of the other node in the following. Each node may maintain a node identifier list as shown in the following table, and store the node name and the node identifier in the node identifier list correspondingly. The node identifier may be an IP (Internet Protocol) address and any other information that can be used to identify the node, and table 1 only illustrates the IP address as an example.

Node name	Node identification
		Node 1	117.114.151.174
Node 2	117.116.189.145
		…	…
Node N	119.123.789.258

TABLE 1

Each node in the data sharing system stores one identical blockchain. The block chain is composed of a plurality of blocks, referring to fig. 1B, the block chain is composed of a plurality of blocks, the starting block includes a block header and a block main body, the block header stores an input information characteristic value, a version number, a timestamp and a difficulty value, and the block main body stores input information; the next block of the starting block takes the starting block as a parent block, the next block also comprises a block head and a block main body, the block head stores the input information characteristic value of the current block, the block head characteristic value of the parent block, the version number, the timestamp and the difficulty value, and the like, so that the block data stored in each block in the block chain is associated with the block data stored in the parent block, and the safety of the input information in the block is ensured.

When each block in the block chain is generated, referring to fig. 1C, when the node where the block chain is located receives the input information, the input information is verified, after the verification is completed, the input information is stored in the memory pool, and the hash tree for recording the input information is updated; and then, updating the updating time stamp to the time when the input information is received, trying different random numbers, and calculating the characteristic value for multiple times, so that the calculated characteristic value can meet the following formula:

SHA256(SHA256(version+prev_hash+merkle_root+ntime+nbits+x))＜TARGET

wherein, SHA256 is a characteristic value algorithm used for calculating a characteristic value; version is version information of the relevant block protocol in the block chain; prev _ hash is a block head characteristic value of a parent block of the current block; merkle _ root is a characteristic value of the input information; ntime is the update time of the update timestamp; nbits is the current difficulty, is a fixed value within a period of time, and is determined again after exceeding a fixed time period; x is a random number; TARGET is a feature threshold, which can be determined from nbits.

Therefore, when the random number meeting the formula is obtained through calculation, the information can be correspondingly stored, and the block head and the block main body are generated to obtain the current block. And then, the node where the block chain is located respectively sends the newly generated blocks to other nodes in the data sharing system where the newly generated blocks are located according to the node identifications of the other nodes in the data sharing system, the newly generated blocks are verified by the other nodes, and the newly generated blocks are added to the block chain stored in the newly generated blocks after the verification is completed.

It should be noted that the block chain network 100 includes at least four nodes, a node 101, a node 102, a node 103, and a node 104; the node 101 may be a management node, the node 102 may be a buyer node, the node 103 may be a seller node, and the node 104 may be a ranking node.

And the management node is used for performing organization management work of the block chain, such as registration management on other nodes in the block chain.

A buyer node for participating in a transaction as a buyer of a digitized asset;

a seller node for participating in a transaction as a seller of the digital asset;

and the sequencing node is used for placing the received transactions into a queue for sequencing, taking out the transactions after a certain time or a certain number of transactions in the queue are reached, packaging the transactions into a block, and broadcasting the block to all nodes in the alliance by the sequencing node.

In some embodiments, the node 102 (buyer node) may determine a target digitized asset according to the digitized asset set disclosed on the blockchain, then initiate a transaction request to the node 103 (seller node) corresponding to the target digitized asset, so that the node 103 (seller node) generates a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request, and broadcast the transaction proposal to the blockchain, the node 102 (buyer node) may endorse the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsement result, the node 101 (management node) may also endorse the transaction proposal to obtain a second endorsement result, and further, the node 102 (buyer node) may generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result and the second endorsement result, and finally, the node 102 (buyer node) may transmit the transaction information to the node 104 (sorting node) to enable the node 104 (sorting node) to pack the transaction information into blocks and broadcast the blockchain, nodes in the blockchain may update the ledger status according to the block.

Referring to fig. 1D, the underlying architecture of the blockchain may be divided into four layers, a base layer, a platform layer, a contract layer, and a management layer.

The base layer adopts a private deployment mode of private cloud, including high-performance virtual machines, container cloud, cloud disk storage, cloud object storage and big data machine learning, and virtual machine resources of the private cloud can adopt a minimum system of 8 cores/32G/2048G/CentOS 7.464 bit. The quantity of the virtual machine resources can be increased along with the increase of the node resources, and then the capacity expansion of the actual demand is carried out. After the virtual machine is installed on the private cloud, container deployment needs to be performed within the virtual machine.

The platform layer encapsulates various application functions of the blockchain, including cluster management, containers, hyper ledgers (hyper ledgers), edge management, consensus algorithms, relational ledgers, encryption algorithms, and Certificate authorities (CA for short). The consensus algorithm can adopt Kafka, and the encryption algorithm can be realized by national encryption. And running an intelligent contract, namely a chain code, in the container. The chain code is divided into a system chain code and a user chain code. The system chain code is used for realizing the functions of a system level, including the configuration of the system, the deployment and the upgrade of the user chain code, the signature and the verification strategy of user transaction and the like. The user chain code is used for realizing the application function of the user, namely specific service logic.

The contract layer has a programmable characteristic, is a base of block chain programming, and mainly comprises a security container, a contract engine, an online Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and template management.

The management layer is used for realizing the functions of managing nodes, intelligent contracts, members and the like in the block chain, and comprises user management, alliance chain management, intelligent contract management, list and statistic analysis, application market, organization management, block chain resource management, alliance chain examination and approval management, alarm management, performance management, log management, authority management, contract template management, heterogeneous chain management, metering management, access resource management, health degree analysis and node state management.

The implementation details of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application are set forth in detail below:

fig. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a blockchain-based transaction method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which may be applied to the implementation environment shown in fig. 1A, where a blockchain includes a management node, a buyer node, a seller node, and a sorting node, and the blockchain-based transaction method is performed by the buyer node, as shown in fig. 2, and the method may include the following steps:

step S210, determining a target digital asset according to the digital asset set disclosed on the block chain, and initiating a transaction request to a seller node corresponding to the target digital asset, so that the seller node responds to the transaction request to generate a transaction proposal;

step S220, after the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal to the block chain, endorsement is carried out on the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsement result;

step S230, transaction information is generated according to the first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, wherein the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node in an endorsement manner on the transaction proposal;

step S240, sending the transaction information to the sorting node, so that the sorting node packs the transaction information into a block and broadcasts the block to the block chain, where the block is used to enable a node in the federation chain to update the state of the ledger.

These steps are described in detail below.

In step S210, a target digital asset is determined according to the digital asset set disclosed on the blockchain, and a transaction request is initiated to a seller node corresponding to the target digital asset, so that the seller node generates a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request.

The transaction method provided by the embodiment is applied to a block chain, and the block chain comprises a management node, a buyer node, a seller node and a sequencing node, wherein the management node is used for organizing and managing transactions on the chain, the management node can disclose a digital asset set to the block chain, the buyer node with a purchase demand can check the digital asset set disclosed to the block chain, and then, the buyer node selects according to own needs to determine a target digital asset which the buyer node intends to purchase.

It should be noted that the number of each type of node participating in the blockchain may be multiple, and here, only different roles in the transaction are distinguished, and the number of each type of node is not limited.

After the buyer node determines the target digital asset, a transaction request can be initiated to the seller node corresponding to the target digital asset, and after receiving the transaction request, the seller node can generate a transaction proposal by responding to the transaction request. The transaction proposal generated by the seller node may include identity information, transaction value, transaction type, transaction number, timestamp (time of generating the transaction proposal), and other related transaction information of each party participating in the transaction.

In step S220, after the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal to the block chain, endorsement is performed on the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsement result.

Specifically, after the seller node generates the transaction proposal, the seller node may broadcast the transaction proposal to the blockchain, so that the nodes in the blockchain endorse the transaction proposal.

The first endorsement result is formed after the buyer node endorses the transaction proposal, and in some embodiments, before the buyer node endorses the transaction proposal, the buyer node can also verify whether an endorsement condition is met, wherein the satisfaction of the endorsement condition includes, for example, the buyer node can participate in endorsement, normally operates, has sufficient computing power and cloud resources, and the like. The buyer node may endorse the transaction proposal upon determining that the endorsement condition is satisfied, and may abort the endorsement otherwise. In other embodiments, the buyer node may also verify that the transaction proposal meets the preset transaction condition before endorsement. And when the buyer node verifies that the transaction proposal meets the preset transaction condition, endorsing the transaction proposal, otherwise, giving up the endorsing.

The buyer node can execute intelligent contract calling included in the transaction proposal to perform simulated transaction, and digitally sign the result of the simulated transaction to form a first endorsement result. The first endorsement result at least comprises a hash value, a read-write set and a digital signature of the buyer node of the transaction proposal. For example, the buyer node may obtain transaction parameters in the transaction proposal, invoke the corresponding smart contract and populate the transaction parameters to conduct the simulated transaction. The result of the simulated transaction may include a hash value and a read-write set of the transaction proposal. The buyer node may digitally sign the result of the simulated transaction to form a first endorsement result.

In step S230, transaction information is generated according to the first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, where the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node in endorsement for the transaction proposal.

In this embodiment, the management node may endorse the transaction proposal after the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal, and form a second endorsement result. The buyer node may collect the second endorsement result from the management node and then generate transaction information based on the first endorsement result and the second endorsement result.

As an example, the transaction information includes: identity information of parties involved in the transaction, transaction value, transaction type, transaction number, timestamp (time the transaction was generated), and endorsement. The endorsement confirmation comprises a first endorsement result of the buyer node for endorsement of the transaction proposal and a second endorsement result of the management node for endorsement of the transaction proposal.

In some embodiments, before endorsement of the transaction proposal, the management node may further verify whether an endorsement condition is satisfied, where the satisfaction of the endorsement condition includes, for example, participation in endorsement, normal operation, sufficient computing power and cloud resources, and the like. The management node may endorse the transaction proposal upon determining that the endorsement condition is satisfied, and otherwise, forgo the endorsement. In other embodiments, before endorsement, the management node may further verify that the transaction proposal satisfies a predetermined transaction condition. And when the management node verifies that the transaction proposal meets the preset transaction conditions, the management node endorses the transaction proposal, otherwise, the management node gives up endorsements.

In some embodiments, the management node may execute a smart contract call included in the transaction proposal to perform the simulated transaction, and digitally sign a result of the simulated transaction to form a second endorsement result. And the second endorsement result at least comprises a hash value of the transaction proposal, a read-write set and a digital signature of the management node. For example, the management node may obtain transaction parameters in the transaction proposal, invoke the corresponding smart contract and populate the transaction parameters to perform the simulated transaction. The result of the simulated transaction may include a hash value and a read-write set of the transaction proposal. The management node may digitally sign the result of the simulated transaction to form a second endorsement result.

In other embodiments, the management node may also invoke a transaction endorsement policy validation function to validate the results of the simulated transaction. If the management node verifies that the result of the simulated transaction is feasible and decides to endorse the result of the simulated transaction, the result of the simulated transaction may be digitally signed to form a second endorsement result. If the management node verifies that the result of the simulated transaction is not feasible, the management node can refuse to endorse the transaction proposal so as to improve the reliability of the transaction endorsement in the blockchain system.

In step S240, the transaction information is sent to the sorting node, so that the sorting node packs the transaction information into a block and broadcasts the block to the block chain, where the block is used to enable a node in the block chain to update an account book state.

The buyer node, after generating the transaction information, may send the transaction information to the sorting nodes in the blockchain. For the received transaction information, the sequencing node packs the transaction information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to a block chain, so that the nodes in the block chain can update the state of the account book according to the blocks.

Based on the technical scheme of the embodiment, the block chain is utilized to handle the transaction process on the chain, so that the processes of material filling, auditing and the like in the off-line transaction process are greatly reduced, and the cost of manpower and material resources is reduced; and secondly, the transaction process information and the transaction information stored in the block chain have the characteristics of non-repudiation, non-tampering and safety and non-reversibility, so that the transaction process information and the transaction information are more public, transparent and traceable, and the reliability of the information is improved.

In one embodiment of the subject application, prior to the buyer node determining the target digitized asset from the set of digitized assets exposed on the blockchain, the method further comprises:

the buyer node may initiate a first registration application for joining the block chain to the management node, where the first registration application includes identification information of the buyer node, and the identification information of the buyer node may include, for example, a name, an identification card, a mobile phone number, and the like.

After receiving the first registration application, the management node may verify the identity information of the buyer node based on the first registration application, and after the verification is passed, send a verification passing message to the buyer node, so that the buyer node completes registration on the blockchain.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a blockchain-based transaction method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which may be applied to the implementation environment shown in fig. 1A, where the blockchain includes a management node, a buyer node, a seller node, and a sorting node, and the blockchain-based transaction method is performed by the buyer node, as shown in fig. 3, and may include steps S310 to S330, which are described in detail as follows:

step S310, receiving a transaction request initiated by the buyer node for a target digital asset of the seller node, where the target digital asset is determined by the buyer node according to the digital asset set disclosed on the block chain.

In this embodiment, after the digital asset set is disclosed on the blockchain, the buyer node having a purchase demand can determine the target digital asset which the buyer node intends to purchase by looking at the digital asset set disclosed on the blockchain, and further can send a transaction request for the target digital asset of the seller node to the seller node, where the transaction request is used to request the seller node to transfer ownership of the target digital asset.

Step S320, generating a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request, and broadcasting the transaction proposal to the block chain, so that the node in the block chain endorses the transaction proposal.

The seller node, upon receiving a transaction request for the target digitized asset, may generate a transaction proposal by responding to the transaction request and broadcast the transaction proposal into the blockchain upon generating the transaction proposal, such that other nodes in the blockchain may endorse the transaction proposal.

The transaction proposal may include, among other things, identity information of the parties involved in the transaction, transaction value, transaction type, transaction number, timestamp (the time at which the transaction proposal was generated), and other relevant transaction information. In some embodiments, other nodes in the block chain that endorse the transaction proposal of the seller node may include a buyer node and a management node, and the buyer node and the management node may verify the transaction proposal before endorsement of the transaction proposal, for example, to verify whether the transaction proposal meets a preset transaction condition, and if the verification passes, endorsement of the transaction proposal may be performed to generate an endorsement result; if the verification fails, the endorsement may be discarded.

In some embodiments, before the buyer node and the management node verify the transaction proposal, whether the endorsement condition is satisfied may be verified, where the satisfaction of the endorsement condition includes, for example, participation in endorsement, normal operation, sufficient computing power and cloud resources, and the like. If the endorsement condition is met, the transaction proposal can be endorsed to generate an endorsement result; if the endorsement condition is not met, the endorsement can be abandoned.

Step S330, after the sorting node packages transaction information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the block chain, updating an account book state according to the blocks, where the transaction information is sent to the sorting node by the buyer node, and the transaction information is generated by the buyer node according to a first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, the first endorsement result is obtained by the buyer node endorsing the transaction proposal, and the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node endorsing the transaction proposal.

After the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal into the blockchain, the buyer node can endorse the transaction proposal to generate a first endorsement result and collect a second endorsement result generated by the management node for endorsement of the transaction proposal, and then the buyer node can generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result and the second endorsement result. The transaction information may include identity information, transaction value, transaction type, transaction number, timestamp (time the transaction was generated), and endorsement assertions of parties involved in the transaction, where an endorsement assertion includes a first endorsement result of a buyer node in endorsement of the transaction proposal and a second endorsement result of a management node in endorsement of the transaction proposal.

The buyer node, after generating the transaction information, may send the transaction information to the sorting nodes in the blockchain. For the received transaction information, the sorting node may pack the transaction information into blocks and broadcast the blocks into a blockchain, and thus, the seller node may update the ledger status according to the blocks after the blocks are broadcast into the blockchain.

In one embodiment of the present application, prior to a seller node receiving a transaction request for a target digitized asset initiated by the buyer node, the method further comprises:

the seller node may initiate a second registration application to the management node to join the blockchain, the second registration application including qualification information of the seller node, wherein the qualification information of the seller node may include asset status, personnel skills, credit status, equipment, and the like.

After receiving a second registration application initiated by the seller node, the management node may audit qualification information of the seller node based on the second registration application, and issue a digital certificate to the seller node after the audit is passed.

In an embodiment of the present application, the digital certificate issued by the management node to the seller node includes valid time information, and therefore, the seller node needs to update the qualification information periodically, so that after the digital certificate fails, a new digital certificate can be obtained again according to the new qualification information, as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, steps S410 to S420 may be specifically included, which is described in detail as follows:

and step S410, determining the updating time of the qualification information according to the effective time information.

Since the digital certificate expires beyond the validity time, and the expiration of the digital certificate means that the seller node cannot participate in the transaction on the blockchain any more, after the digital certificate expires, the seller node needs to apply for a new digital certificate to participate in the transaction on the blockchain.

Specifically, in order to apply for a new digital certificate, the seller node may first determine an update time of the qualification information according to the valid time information of the digital certificate, so as to update the qualification information. After updating the qualification information, the seller node may then apply for a new digital certificate based on the new qualification information.

In some embodiments, the seller node may directly use the last valid time as the update time of the qualification information, for example, the valid time of the digital certificate is 2018.10.23-2020.10.22, and then the update time of the qualification information may be 2020.10.22, or of course, a selected time period may be used as the update time, and during this time period, the seller node may update the qualification information, for example, the time period 2020.10.19-2020.10.22 is used as the update time of the qualification information.

Step S420, if the update time of the qualification information is reached, updating the qualification information, and initiating a new registration application to the management node based on the new qualification information, so that the management node checks the new qualification information based on the new registration application.

The seller node can actively update the qualification information when monitoring that the updating time of the qualification information is up, then a new registration application is initiated to the management node based on the new qualification information, and the management node can audit the new qualification information based on the new registration application and issue a new digital certificate to the seller node after the audit is passed.

In an embodiment of the present application, the management node may revoke the digital certificate of the seller node, so that the seller node updates the qualification information, and in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the method may specifically include steps S510 to S520, which are described in detail below:

step S510, receiving a certificate revocation notification sent by the management node.

In this embodiment, the management node may directly revoke the digital certificate regardless of whether the digital certificate is valid, and in some embodiments, the management node may maintain a digital certificate list, where the digital certificate list includes all digital certificates issued by the management node, and the management node may revoke the digital certificate by deleting the digital certificate from the digital certificate list. The management node may send a certificate revocation notification to the seller node after revoking the digital certificate of the seller node.

Step S520, updating the qualification information according to the certificate revoke notice, and initiating a new registration application to the management node based on the new qualification information, so that the management node checks the new qualification information based on the new registration application.

After receiving the certificate revocation notification, the seller node can apply a new digital certificate to the management node in a manner of updating qualification information. Specifically, the seller node may send a new registration application to the management node based on the new qualification information, and the management node may issue a new digital certificate to the seller node after the new qualification information is checked and approved based on the new registration application.

In an embodiment of the present application, the management node may first send a transaction right for the target digital asset to the seller node, and the seller node may respond to the transaction request of the buyer node to generate a transaction proposal according to the transaction right only after possessing the transaction right.

In an embodiment of the application, the step of the seller node responding to the transaction request to generate the transaction proposal according to the transaction right may specifically include:

decrypting the encrypted target digital asset using a private key of the seller node after confirming the transaction fee paid by the buyer node for the target digital asset;

and encrypting the decrypted target digital asset by using the public key of the buyer node to generate the transaction proposal.

In this embodiment, after sending a transaction request for the target digital asset to the seller node, the buyer node may pay a transaction fee for the target digital asset to the seller node, and after confirming the transaction fee, the seller node may decrypt the encrypted target digital asset by using its own private key according to the transaction authority, and then encrypt the decrypted target digital asset by using the public key of the buyer node to form a transaction proposal.

In an embodiment of the application, a third-party node participating in a transaction may be further included in the block chain, and the buyer node may collect a second endorsement result of the management node and a third endorsement result of the third-party node, and then generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result, the second endorsement result, and the third endorsement result. For example, the third party node participating in the transaction may be a tax node, which is a tax collector for taxation of the transaction.

In one embodiment of the present application, the third endorsement result may be generated by the third party node after confirming the execution result of the transaction proposal, and the execution result of the transaction proposal may be obtained by the third party node by invoking the target intelligent contract to execute the transaction proposal broadcasted by the seller node to the blockchain.

The following describes the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application in detail by taking the example of the digital asset as a digital property with reference to fig. 6A, fig. 6B and fig. 6C.

In a real estate transaction scenario, a transaction for a new house and a transaction for a second house may be included. In the transaction of new houses, the buyer node can be a buying house node, the seller node can be a developer node, the management node can be a house management office node, and the third party participating in the transaction can be a tax office node. Unlike the transaction for a new house, in the transaction for a second house, the seller node may be directly the seller node.

For the new house transaction, as shown in fig. 6B, the following steps may be included:

step S1, the house property trading user initiates a registration application to the house administration node;

specifically, the property transaction user may first initiate a registration application for joining the block chain to the premise management office node before the property transaction, and after the premise management office node verifies the identity information of the property transaction user, the property transaction user joins the block chain to become a house buying node.

Step S2, the real estate developer initiates a registration application to the house administration node;

specifically, the real estate developer may first initiate a registration application for joining the block chain to the premise management office node before the real estate transaction, and after the premise management office node passes the qualification information audit of the real estate developer, the real estate developer joins the block chain to become the developer node.

Step S3, the tax department initiates a registration application to the house administration node;

the tax department initiates a registration application for adding the block chain to the node of the house administration, and after the verification of the identity information of the tax department by the node of the house administration, the tax department adds the block chain to form the node of the tax administration.

Step S4, the house administration node sends house property trade authority to the developer node;

before the developer node is transacted with the house purchasing node, the developer node can firstly receive the house property transaction authority aiming at the digitized house property sent by the house management node, specifically, the house management office node can encrypt the digitized house property by using a public key of the developer node, the encrypted digitized house property is stored in an account database of a block chain, other nodes in the block chain can be checked in the chain, but only the developer node can decrypt the encrypted digitized house property by using a private key of the developer node and perform subsequent digitized house property circulation operation.

It should be noted that the sequence of steps S1-S4 is the description sequence in this embodiment, and is not limited to the sequence of the method in the execution process of this embodiment. Steps S1-S4 may be performed simultaneously, provided that the method can be implemented.

Step S5, the house buying node initiates a transaction request aiming at the target digital house property;

in specific implementation, after the house buying node is added into the block chain, the target digital house property can be determined according to the digital house property set disclosed on the block chain, a transaction request is sent to a developer node of the target digital house property, the developer node is requested to transfer the target digital house property to the name of the developer node, and the transaction cost aiming at the target digital house property is paid to the developer node. FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a page of digitized property shown on the blockchain, which may be displayed on the client page corresponding to the buyer node.

Step S6, the developer node transfers the property to the buying node; in the house property transferring process, the house buying node automatically finishes tax to the tax bureau node.

Specifically, the process of transferring the property from the developer node to the house purchasing node may specifically be:

first, the developer node can decrypt the encrypted target digitized property using its own private key. It can be understood that the house property transaction right sent by the house management bureau to the developer node includes the right to decrypt and subsequently circulate the encrypted target digitized house property, so that after receiving the transaction request for the target digitized house property initiated by the house purchasing node and confirming the transaction cost paid by the house purchasing node for the target digitized house property, the developer node can decrypt the encrypted target digitized house property by using its own private key, and then encrypt the decrypted target digitized house property by using the public key of the house purchasing node to form a transaction proposal, and broadcast the transaction proposal to the block chain.

Then, after the transaction proposal is broadcasted to the blockchain, the buying room node, the management node and the tax bureau node can endorse the transaction proposal to respectively obtain a first endorsement result, a second endorsement result and a third endorsement result, wherein the tax bureau node can execute the transaction proposal by calling a target intelligent contract, so that the buying room node automatically completes tax to the tax bureau node, and the tax bureau node can endorse the transaction proposal after confirming the execution result of executing the transaction proposal by calling the target intelligent contract.

And finally, the buying room node can generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result, the second endorsement result and the third endorsement result, and send the transaction information to the sequencing node, so that the sequencing node packs the transaction information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the block chain, and the nodes in the block chain can update the state of the account book according to the blocks. At this time, the target property in the account book is stored in a public key encryption mode of the purchase node.

For a second-hand room transaction, as shown in fig. 6C, the following steps may be included:

step S1', the house property trading user initiates a registration application to the house administration node;

Step S2', the tax department initiates a registration application to the premise management office node;

It should be noted that the sequence of steps S1 '-S2' is the description sequence in the present embodiment, and is not limited to the sequence of the method in the execution process of the present embodiment. Steps S1 '-S2' may be performed simultaneously, provided that the method can be implemented.

Step S3', the house buying node initiates a transaction request aiming at the target digital house property;

in specific implementation, after the house buying node is added into the block chain, the target digital house property can be determined according to the digital house property set disclosed on the block chain, a transaction request is sent to the house selling node of the target digital house property, the house selling node is requested to transfer the target digital house property to the name of the house selling node, and the transaction cost aiming at the target digital house property is paid to the house selling node.

Step S4', the house selling node transfers the house property to the house buying node; in the house property transferring process, the house selling node automatically finishes tax to the tax administration node, and the buyer node automatically finishes tax to the tax administration node.

first, the house selling node can decrypt the encrypted target digitalized house property by using the private key of the house selling node. It can be understood that the house selling node already participates in the house trading transaction, that is, the house selling node already has the right to decrypt and subsequently circulate the encrypted target digitized house property, so that after receiving the transaction request for the target digitized house property initiated by the house buying node and confirming the transaction cost paid by the house buying node for the target digitized house property, the house selling node can decrypt the encrypted target digitized house property by using its own private key, and then encrypt the decrypted target digitized house property by using the public key of the house buying node to form a transaction proposal, and broadcast the transaction proposal to the block chain.

Then, after the transaction proposal is broadcasted to the blockchain, the buying room node, the management node and the tax bureau node can endorse the transaction proposal to respectively obtain a first endorsement result, a second endorsement result and a third endorsement result, wherein the tax bureau node can execute the transaction proposal by calling a target intelligent contract, so that the buying room node and the selling room node automatically complete tax to the tax bureau node, and the tax bureau node can endorse the transaction proposal after confirming the execution result of executing the transaction proposal by calling the target intelligent contract.

And finally, the buying room node can generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result, the second endorsement result and the third endorsement result, and send the transaction information to the sequencing node, so that the sequencing node packs the transaction information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the block chain, and the nodes in the block chain can update the state of the account book according to the blocks. At this time, the target digital property in the account book is stored in a public key encryption mode of the purchase node.

Embodiments of the apparatus of the present application are described below, which may be used to implement the blockchain-based transaction method of the above embodiments of the present application. For details not disclosed in the embodiments of the apparatus of the present application, please refer to the embodiments of the transaction method based on blockchain described above in the present application.

Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a blockchain-based transaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application, and referring to fig. 7, a blockchain-based transaction apparatus 700 according to an embodiment of the present application, the blockchain including a management node, a buyer node, a seller node, and a sorting node, is provided in the buyer node, and includes: a determination unit 702, an endorsement unit 704, a generation unit 706, and a transmission unit 708.

The determining unit 702 is configured to determine a target digital asset according to the digital asset set disclosed on the blockchain, and initiate a transaction request to a seller node corresponding to the target digital asset, so that the seller node generates a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request; the endorsement unit 704 is configured to endorse the transaction proposal after the seller node broadcasts the transaction proposal to the block chain, so as to obtain a first endorsement result; the generating unit 706 is configured to generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, where the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node performing endorsement on the transaction proposal; the sending unit 708 is configured to send the transaction information to the sorting node, so that the sorting node packages the transaction information into a block and broadcasts the block to the block chain, where the block is used to enable a node in the block chain to update an account book state.

In some embodiments of the present application, the apparatus further comprises: a first application unit configured to initiate a first registration application for joining the block chain to the management node, where the first registration application includes the identity information of the buyer node; and the message receiving unit is configured to receive a verification passing message sent by the management node, wherein the verification passing message is sent by the management node after the management node verifies the identity identification information of the buyer node and passes the verification.

Fig. 8 shows a block diagram of an image processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.

Referring to fig. 8, a blockchain-based transaction apparatus 800 according to an embodiment of the present application, the blockchain including a management node, a buyer node, a seller node and a sorting node, the blockchain-based transaction apparatus being disposed in the seller node, includes: a receiving unit 802, a responding unit 804, and an updating unit 806.

Wherein the receiving unit 802 is configured to receive a transaction request initiated by the buyer node for a target digital asset of the seller node, the target digital asset being determined by the buyer node according to the digital asset set disclosed on the block chain; the response unit 804 is configured to generate a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request, and broadcast the transaction proposal to the block chain, so that nodes in the block chain endorse the transaction proposal; the updating unit 806 is configured to update the state of the book according to the block after the sorting node packages transaction information into the block and broadcasts the block to the block chain, where the transaction information is sent to the sorting node by the buyer node, the transaction information is generated by the buyer node according to a first endorsement result and a second endorsement result, the first endorsement result is obtained by the buyer node endorsing the transaction proposal, and the second endorsement result is obtained by the management node endorsing the transaction proposal.

In some embodiments of the present application, the apparatus further comprises: a second application unit configured to initiate a second registration application for joining the blockchain to the management node, where the second registration application includes qualification information of the seller node; and the certificate receiving unit is configured to receive a digital certificate issued by the management node, wherein the digital certificate is issued after the management node verifies and passes the qualification information of the seller node.

In some embodiments of the present application, the digital certificate contains validity time information, the apparatus further comprising: the time determining unit is configured to determine the updating time of the qualification information according to the effective time information; and the first qualification updating unit is configured to update the qualification information and initiate a new registration application to the management node based on the new qualification information if the updating time of the qualification information is up, so that the management node can check the new qualification information based on the new registration application.

In some embodiments of the present application, the apparatus further comprises: a notification receiving unit configured to receive a certificate revocation notification sent by the management node; and the second qualification updating unit is configured to update the qualification information according to the certificate revocation notification, and initiate a new registration application to the management node based on the new qualification information, so that the management node verifies the new qualification information based on the new registration application.

In some embodiments of the present application, the response unit 804 includes: a transaction authority receiving subunit configured to receive a transaction authority for the target digitized asset, which is sent by the management node, where the transaction authority is sent by the management node to the seller node after the management node encrypts the target digitized asset by using the public key of the seller node; and the response subunit is configured to respond to the transaction request to generate the transaction proposal according to the transaction authority.

In some embodiments of the present application, the response subunit is configured to: decrypting the encrypted target digital asset using a private key of the seller node after confirming the transaction fee paid by the buyer node for the target digital asset; and encrypting the decrypted target digital asset by using the public key of the buyer node to generate the transaction proposal.

In some embodiments of the present application, the block chain further includes a third party node participating in a transaction, where the transaction information is generated by the buyer node according to the first endorsement result, the second endorsement result, and a third endorsement result, and the third endorsement result is obtained by the third party node endorsing the transaction proposal.

In some embodiments of the present application, the third endorsement result is generated by the third party node after confirming an execution result of the transaction proposal, and the execution result of the transaction proposal is obtained by the third party node executing the transaction proposal by invoking a target intelligent contract.

It should be noted that the computer system 900 of the electronic device shown in fig. 9 is only an example, and should not bring any limitation to the functions and the scope of the application of the embodiments.

As shown in fig. 9, the computer system 900 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU)901, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes, such as executing the methods described in the above embodiments, according to a program stored in a Read-Only Memory (ROM) 902 or a program loaded from a storage portion 908 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 903. In the RAM 903, various programs and data necessary for system operation are also stored. The CPU 901, ROM 902, and RAM 903 are connected to each other via a bus 904. An Input/Output (I/O) interface 905 is also connected to bus 904.

The following components are connected to the I/O interface 905: an input portion 906 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output section 907 including a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and the like, a speaker, and the like; a storage portion 908 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 909 including a Network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 909 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The drive 910 is also connected to the I/O interface 905 as necessary. A removable medium 911 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 910 as necessary, so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted into the storage section 908 as necessary.

In particular, according to embodiments of the application, the processes described above with reference to the flow diagrams may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present application include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium, the computer program comprising a computer program for performing the method illustrated by the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication section 909, and/or installed from the removable medium 911. The computer program executes various functions defined in the system of the present application when executed by a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 901.

It should be noted that the computer readable medium shown in the embodiments of the present application may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium or any combination of the two. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read-Only Memory (ROM), an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), a flash Memory, an optical fiber, a portable Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present application, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this application, however, a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with a computer program embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer program embodied on the computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. Each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

The units described in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by software, or may be implemented by hardware, and the described units may also be disposed in a processor. Wherein the names of the elements do not in some way constitute a limitation on the elements themselves.

As another aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be contained in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or may exist separately without being assembled into the electronic device. The computer readable medium carries one or more programs which, when executed by an electronic device, cause the electronic device to implement the method described in the above embodiments.

It should be noted that although in the above detailed description several modules or units of the device for action execution are mentioned, such a division is not mandatory. Indeed, the features and functionality of two or more modules or units described above may be embodied in one module or unit, according to embodiments of the application. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above may be further divided into embodiments by a plurality of modules or units.

Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein may be implemented by software, or by software in combination with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solution according to the embodiments of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a usb disk, a removable hard disk, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to enable a computing device (which can be a personal computer, a server, a touch terminal, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present application.

Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains.

It will be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based transaction method, wherein the blockchain includes a house manager node, a house purchasing node, a developer node, a tax bureau node and a sequencing node, and the blockchain-based transaction method is executed by the house purchasing node, and includes:

determining a target digitized real estate according to the digitized asset set disclosed on the blockchain, and initiating a transaction request to a developer node corresponding to the target digitized real estate, wherein the transaction request is used for requesting the developer node to transfer the target digitized real estate to the name of the house-buying node, and the house-buying node pays a transaction fee aiming at the target digitized real estate to the developer node so that the developer node responds to the transaction request to generate a transaction proposal;

confirming the transaction cost paid by the house buying node for the target digital house property at the developer node, broadcasting the transaction proposal to the block chain, and then endorsing the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsing result;

generating transaction information according to the first endorsement result, a second endorsement result and a third endorsement result, wherein the second endorsement result is obtained by the house administration node for endorsement of the transaction proposal, the third endorsement result is obtained by the tax administration node after confirming an execution result of calling a target intelligent contract to execute the transaction proposal, and the tax administration node executes the transaction proposal by calling the target intelligent contract, so that the house buying node automatically finishes tax to the tax administration node;

and sending the transaction information to the sequencing node, so that the sequencing node packs the transaction information into a block and broadcasts the block to the block chain, wherein the block is used for enabling the nodes in the block chain to update the state of the account book.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to determining a target digitized property from the set of digitized assets exposed on the blockchain, the method further comprises:

initiating a first registration application for joining the block chain to the premise management office node, wherein the first registration application comprises the identity identification information of the house buying node;

and receiving a verification passing message sent by the house management office node, wherein the verification passing message is sent after the house management office node verifies and passes the identity identification information of the house buying node.

3. A blockchain-based transaction method, wherein the blockchain includes a house administration node, a house buying node, a developer node, a tax bureau node and a sequencing node, the blockchain-based transaction method is performed by the developer node, and the method includes:

receiving a transaction request for a target digital real estate of the developer node, wherein the transaction request is initiated by the house buying node and is determined by the house buying node according to the digital asset set disclosed on the block chain, and the transaction request is used for requesting the developer node to transfer the target digital real estate to the place under the name of the house buying node and paying the transaction cost for the target digital real estate from the house buying node to the developer node;

after the transaction cost paid by the house purchasing node and aiming at the target digital real estate is confirmed, a transaction proposal is generated in response to the transaction request and is broadcasted to the block chain, so that the node in the block chain carries out endorsement on the transaction proposal;

updating the state of the account book according to the block after the sequencing node packs the transaction information into the block and broadcasts the block to the block chain, wherein the transaction information is sent to the sequencing node by the buying room node, and the transaction information is generated by the buying room node according to the first endorsement result, the second endorsement result and the third endorsement result, the first endorsement result is obtained by the buying room node endorseing the transaction proposal, the second endorsement result is obtained by the house administration node endorsement to the transaction proposal, the third endorsement result is obtained by the tax authority node in confirming the execution result of calling the target intelligent contract to execute the transaction proposal, and the tax bureau node executes a transaction proposal by calling a target intelligent contract, so that the house buying node automatically finishes tax to the tax bureau node.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein prior to receiving a transaction request initiated by the buying node for a target digitized property of the developer node, the method further comprises:

initiating a second registration application for joining the block chain to the premise management office node, wherein the second registration application comprises qualification information of the developer node;

and receiving a digital certificate issued by the house management office node, wherein the digital certificate is issued after the house management office node verifies and passes the qualification information of the developer node.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the digital certificate contains validity time information, the method further comprising:

determining the updating time of the qualification information according to the effective time information;

and if the update time of the qualification information is up, updating the qualification information, and initiating a new registration application to the house management office node based on the new qualification information so that the house management office node checks the new qualification information based on the new registration application.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

receiving a certificate revoke notice sent by the premise management office node;

and updating the qualification information according to the certificate revocation notification, and initiating a new registration application to the house management office node based on the new qualification information so that the house management office node verifies the new qualification information based on the new registration application.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein generating a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request comprises:

receiving a transaction right aiming at the target digitalized house property, which is sent by the house management office node, wherein the transaction right is sent to the developer node after the house management office node encrypts the target digitalized house property by using the public key of the developer node;

and responding to the transaction request to generate the transaction proposal according to the transaction authority.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein generating the transaction proposal in response to the transaction request in accordance with the transaction privilege comprises:

after confirming the transaction cost paid by the buying node for the target digital real estate, decrypting the encrypted target digital real estate by using the private key of the developer node;

and encrypting the decrypted target digital real estate by using the public key of the real estate buying node to generate the transaction proposal.

9. A blockchain-based transaction apparatus, wherein the blockchain includes a house administration node, a house purchasing node, a developer node, a tax bureau node and a sequencing node, the blockchain-based transaction apparatus is disposed in the house purchasing node, and includes:

the determining unit is configured to determine a target digitized real estate according to the digitized asset set disclosed on the blockchain, and initiate a transaction request to a developer node corresponding to the target digitized real estate, wherein the transaction request is used for requesting the developer node to transfer the target digitized real estate to the place-buying node, and the place-buying node pays a transaction fee for the target digitized real estate to the developer node, so that the developer node generates a transaction proposal in response to the transaction request;

the endorsement unit is configured to confirm the transaction cost paid by the buying room node and aiming at the target digital real estate at the developer node, and after broadcasting the transaction proposal to the block chain, endorse the transaction proposal to obtain a first endorsement result;

a generating unit, configured to generate transaction information according to the first endorsement result, a second endorsement result and a third endorsement result, where the second endorsement result is obtained by the house administration node performing endorsement on the transaction proposal, the third endorsement result is obtained by the tax administration node confirming an execution result of invoking a target intelligent contract to execute the transaction proposal, and the tax administration node executes the transaction proposal by invoking the target intelligent contract, so that the house buying node automatically finishes tax to the tax administration node;

the sending unit is configured to send the transaction information to the sorting node, so that the sorting node packs the transaction information into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the block chain, and the blocks are used for enabling nodes in the block chain to update the state of the book.

10. A blockchain-based transaction apparatus, wherein the blockchain includes a house administration node, a house buying node, a developer node, a tax bureau node, and a sequencing node, and the blockchain-based transaction apparatus is disposed in the developer node, comprising:

a receiving unit, configured to receive a transaction request for a target digitized property of the developer node, initiated by the room buying node, where the target digitized property is determined by the room buying node according to the set of digitized assets disclosed on the block chain, and the transaction request is used to request the developer node to transfer the target digitized property to the place buying node, and the room buying node pays a transaction fee for the target digitized property to the developer node;

the response unit is configured to respond to the transaction request to generate a transaction proposal after confirming the transaction cost paid by the house purchasing node for the target digital real estate, and broadcast the transaction proposal to the block chain so that the node in the block chain endorses the transaction proposal;

an update unit configured to, after the sorting node packs transaction information into blocks and broadcasts to the block chain, updating ledger status according to the block, the transaction information being sent by the buying room node to the sequencing node, and the transaction information is generated by the buying room node according to the first endorsement result, the second endorsement result and the third endorsement result, the first endorsement result is obtained by the buying room node endorseing the transaction proposal, the second endorsement result is obtained by the house administration node endorsement to the transaction proposal, the third endorsement result is obtained by the tax authority node in confirming the execution result of calling the target intelligent contract to execute the transaction proposal, and the tax bureau node executes a transaction proposal by calling a target intelligent contract, so that the house buying node automatically finishes tax to the tax bureau node.