CN112161017B - Quick response magneto-rheological damper - Google Patents
Quick response magneto-rheological damper Download PDFInfo
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- CN112161017B CN112161017B CN202011006621.2A CN202011006621A CN112161017B CN 112161017 B CN112161017 B CN 112161017B CN 202011006621 A CN202011006621 A CN 202011006621A CN 112161017 B CN112161017 B CN 112161017B
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/53—Means for adjusting damping characteristics by varying fluid viscosity, e.g. electromagnetically
- F16F9/535—Magnetorheological [MR] fluid dampers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/03—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using magnetic or electromagnetic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/3207—Constructional features
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/3207—Constructional features
- F16F9/3214—Constructional features of pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/3207—Constructional features
- F16F9/3235—Constructional features of cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
- F16F9/3405—Throttling passages in or on piston body, e.g. slots
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
- F16F9/346—Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种变阻尼控制器件,尤其涉及一种快速响应磁流变阻尼器。The invention relates to a variable damping control device, in particular to a fast-response magnetorheological damper.
背景技术Background technique
磁流变阻尼器具有优异的磁控阻尼特性,其机械结构简单、动态范围宽、功耗低、输出阻尼力大、响应时间短等优点使其在冲击缓冲领域的研究广受关注,且在桥梁、汽车及航空航天等领域具有巨大的应用前景。磁流变阻尼器动态响应性能由响应时间表征,响应时间越短,越有利于实现实时控制,目前关于磁流变阻尼器的研究集中在阻尼力、可调范围、控制算法上,关于提升其快速响应性能的研究较少。磁流变阻尼器的响应时间主要由磁流变液响应时间、磁场建立时间、电路响应时间等组成,其中降低磁场建立时间是降低器件响应时间的关键,造成磁场建立时间较长的最主要因素是励磁线圈的快速变化信号对应的动态磁场在活塞等结构表面激发涡流,形成反向磁场阻碍源磁场的建立,延阻了磁流变液对激励信号的响应,表现为输出阻尼力无法快速响应。因此抑制涡流是降低响应时间的关键。而现有的磁流变阻尼器活塞普遍采用完整的圆柱结构,磁场变化时会在活塞表面产生较大涡流,阻碍磁场变化,导致响应速度降低。Magnetorheological dampers have excellent magnetron damping characteristics, and their advantages such as simple mechanical structure, wide dynamic range, low power consumption, large output damping force, and short response time make them widely concerned in the field of shock buffering. It has huge application prospects in the fields of bridges, automobiles and aerospace. The dynamic response performance of the magnetorheological damper is characterized by the response time. The shorter the response time, the better the real-time control. There are few studies on fast response performance. The response time of magnetorheological dampers is mainly composed of magnetorheological fluid response time, magnetic field establishment time, circuit response time, etc. Among them, reducing the magnetic field establishment time is the key to reducing the response time of the device, and the main factor that causes the magnetic field establishment time to be longer. It is the dynamic magnetic field corresponding to the rapidly changing signal of the excitation coil that excites eddy currents on the surface of the piston and other structures, forming a reverse magnetic field to hinder the establishment of the source magnetic field, delaying the response of the magnetorheological fluid to the excitation signal, and showing that the output damping force cannot respond quickly. . Therefore, suppressing eddy currents is the key to reducing the response time. However, the piston of the existing magnetorheological damper generally adopts a complete cylindrical structure. When the magnetic field changes, a large eddy current will be generated on the surface of the piston, which hinders the change of the magnetic field and reduces the response speed.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明实施例所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种快速响应磁流变阻尼器。可快速响应磁流变阻尼器。The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a fast-response magnetorheological damper. Fast-response magnetorheological dampers.
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明实施例提供了一种快速响应磁流变阻尼器,包括下端盖、浮动活塞、励磁线圈、活塞杆、外缸筒、上端盖、活塞下端盖、导向环、活塞、活塞上端盖、磁流变液,所述外缸筒两端由所述上端盖、下端盖封闭形成容纳腔,所述活塞杆穿过所述上端盖,所述活塞加工有径向的沟槽,且绕设有所述励磁线圈,所述励磁线圈经所述活塞杆所设置的通孔向外引出导线;所述导向环与所述活塞同轴,装配于所述活塞上端盖与所述活塞下端盖之间,所述活塞上端盖、活塞下端盖均具有液流孔;所述浮动活塞、活塞依次滑动设置于所述容纳腔中,形成补偿腔、第一磁流变液腔、第一磁流变液腔,所述磁流变液填充于所述第一磁流变液腔、第一磁流变液腔中。In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fast-response magnetorheological damper, including a lower end cover, a floating piston, an excitation coil, a piston rod, an outer cylinder, an upper end cover, a lower end cover of the piston, a guide ring, a piston , the upper end cover of the piston, the magnetorheological fluid, the two ends of the outer cylinder are closed by the upper end cover and the lower end cover to form a accommodating cavity, the piston rod passes through the upper end cover, and the piston is machined with radial grooves The excitation coil is wound around the groove, and the excitation coil leads out the wire through the through hole provided by the piston rod; the guide ring is coaxial with the piston, and is assembled on the upper end cover of the piston and the Between the lower end caps of the piston, the upper end cap of the piston and the lower end cap of the piston both have liquid flow holes; the floating piston and the piston are sequentially slidingly arranged in the accommodating cavity to form a compensation cavity, a first magnetorheological fluid cavity, The first magnetorheological fluid chamber, the magnetorheological fluid is filled in the first magnetorheological fluid chamber and the first magnetorheological fluid chamber.
其中,所述导向环内表面与活塞两翼外圆面形成阻尼通道间隙。Wherein, the inner surface of the guide ring and the outer circular surfaces of the two wings of the piston form a damping channel gap.
其中,所述沟槽连通所述活塞上下端面及外圆面。Wherein, the groove communicates with the upper and lower end surfaces and the outer circular surface of the piston.
实施本发明实施例,具有如下有益效果:Implementing the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.响应速度快。由于本发明在活塞外圆面及外缸筒内圆面处设置径向均布沟槽,延长了涡流的趋肤路径,根据欧姆定律,相当于增大电阻,使得涡流减小,得到抑制,而涡流场受到抑制意味着对源磁场的削弱作用减小,作用于阻尼通道的磁通量增加,保证了阻尼器的快速响应。经有限元仿真验证,带沟槽的磁流变阻尼器产生的涡流较传统无沟槽磁流变阻尼器降低一个数量级,阶跃上升沿激励下响应时间降低35.85%,阶跃下降沿激励下响应时间降低53.54%。本发明一种快速响应磁流变阻尼器特别适用于汽车悬架、飞机起落架等对减振装置响应速度要求高的场合。1. Fast response. Because the invention sets radially uniform grooves on the outer circular surface of the piston and the inner circular surface of the outer cylinder, the skin path of the eddy current is extended, and according to Ohm's law, it is equivalent to increasing the resistance, which reduces the eddy current and suppresses The suppression of the eddy current field means that the weakening effect on the source magnetic field is reduced, and the magnetic flux acting on the damping channel is increased, which ensures the fast response of the damper. It is verified by finite element simulation that the eddy current generated by the grooved magnetorheological damper is one order of magnitude lower than that of the traditional non-groove magnetorheological damper, and the response time is reduced by 35.85% under the excitation of the step rising edge. Response time decreased by 53.54%. The quick-response magnetorheological damper of the present invention is especially suitable for the occasions where the response speed of the vibration damping device is high, such as automobile suspension and aircraft landing gear.
2.结构简单,节省材料。本发明一种快速响应的磁流变阻尼器在结构设计上基于单出杆式磁流变阻尼器,在活塞外圆面及外缸筒内圆面处设置径向均布沟槽,结构简单可靠,活塞采用增材制造,由于沟槽的存在,较传统阻尼器相比节省了材料,更加经济实用。2. Simple structure and material saving. The quick-response magnetorheological damper of the present invention is based on the single-rod magnetorheological damper in structural design, and radially evenly distributed grooves are arranged on the outer circular surface of the piston and the inner circular surface of the outer cylinder, and the structure is simple Reliable, the piston is manufactured with additive materials, and due to the existence of grooves, it saves material compared with traditional dampers, which is more economical and practical.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的整体剖视结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the overall sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2为带沟槽活塞正视图;Figure 2 is a front view of a grooved piston;
图3为带沟槽活塞俯视图;Figure 3 is a top view of a grooved piston;
图4为带沟槽活塞剖视图;Figure 4 is a sectional view of a grooved piston;
图5为一种快速响应磁流变阻尼器在电磁活塞处的局部视图;5 is a partial view of a fast-response magnetorheological damper at an electromagnetic piston;
图6为活塞上端盖俯视图;Figure 6 is a top view of the upper end cover of the piston;
图7为该实例阶跃上升沿激励图;Fig. 7 is this example step rising edge excitation diagram;
图8为该实例阶跃下降沿激励图;Fig. 8 is the step falling edge excitation diagram of this example;
图9为该实例阶跃上升沿激励下响应时间与传统磁流变阻尼器的对比,虚线为快速响应磁流变阻尼器,点横线为传统磁流变阻尼器;Fig. 9 is the comparison of the response time under the excitation of the step rising edge of this example and the traditional magnetorheological damper, the dotted line is the fast-response magnetorheological damper, and the dotted line is the traditional magnetorheological damper;
图10为该实例阶跃下降沿沿激励下响应时间与传统磁流变阻尼器的对比,虚线为快速响应磁流变阻尼器,点横线为传统磁流变阻尼器。Figure 10 shows the comparison between the response time of the example under the step falling edge excitation and the traditional magnetorheological damper, the dotted line is the fast-response magnetorheological damper, and the dotted line is the traditional magnetorheological damper.
附图注记如下:The accompanying notes are as follows:
1—下端盖;2—保护气;3—浮动活塞;4—第一磁流变液腔;5—励磁线圈;6—活塞杆;7—外缸筒;8—第二磁流变液腔;9—上端盖;10—补偿腔;11—活塞下端盖;12—导向环;13—活塞;14—活塞上端盖;15—磁流变液;16—活塞中心通孔;17—沟槽;18—导线轴向盲孔;19—导线径向孔;20—电磁活塞;21—液流孔;22—阻尼通道。1—lower end cover; 2—protective gas; 3—floating piston; 4—first magnetorheological fluid chamber; 5—excitation coil; 6—piston rod; 7—outer cylinder; 8—second magnetorheological fluid chamber ;9—upper end cover; 10—compensation chamber; 11—piston lower end cover; 12—guide ring; 13—piston; 14—piston upper end cover; 15—magnetorheological fluid; 16—piston center through hole; 17—groove ; 18—wire axial blind hole; 19—wire radial hole; 20—electromagnetic piston; 21—liquid flow hole; 22—damping channel.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1,本发明实施例的一种快速响应磁流变阻尼器,包括了下端盖1、浮动活塞3、励磁线圈5、活塞杆6、外缸筒7、上端盖9、活塞下端盖11、导向环12、活塞13、活塞上端盖14、磁流变液15。As shown in FIG. 1, a quick-response magnetorheological damper according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a lower end cover 1, a floating piston 3, an
电磁活塞20由活塞13、励磁线圈5、活塞杆6、活塞上端盖14、活塞下端盖11、导向环12等一起组成。The
外缸筒7两端由上端盖9、下端盖1封闭,组成一个容纳腔,其中上端盖中心加工一圆孔,活塞杆由此穿过;所述活塞加工径向沟槽17,中心加工通孔16,中部缠绕励磁线圈5,如图2-4所示。Both ends of the
如图5,导向环12与活塞13同轴,装配于活塞上端盖14与活塞下端盖11之间,其内测与活塞侧翼外圆面保持一定的间距,形成阻尼通道22,磁流变液15从活塞端盖的液流孔21流入,经由此阻尼通道22流出。活塞上端盖14及活塞下端盖11加工周向均布液流孔21,其与活塞上下端面同轴共面配合,如图6所示。As shown in Fig. 5, the guide ring 12 is coaxial with the
活塞杆6穿过活塞中心通孔16,与通孔过盈配合,当外部负载作用在活塞杆6一端时,活塞杆与活塞一起运动,活塞所受阻力也作用至活塞杆6另一端的外部负载上,实现运动和力的传递。The
当励磁线圈5通电时,活塞13,磁流变液15,外缸筒7构成磁路。磁通由活塞中部的励磁线圈5产生,经活塞13芯部传递至活塞侧翼,穿过由磁流变液15填充的阻尼通道,进入外缸筒7,再由外缸筒7穿过阻尼通道22,经活塞另一侧翼回到芯部。When the
外缸筒7内圆面加工径向均布沟槽,两端分别与上端盖9、下端盖1装配,形成一密闭腔体,由浮动活塞3、电磁活塞20分割成三个腔,下端盖1与浮动活塞3之间为补偿腔10,浮动活塞3与电磁活塞20之间为第一磁流变液腔4,电磁活塞20与上端盖9为第二磁流变液腔8,上端盖9、浮动活塞3、下端盖1均安装密封圈进行密封,电磁活塞20处活塞上端盖14、导向环12、活塞下端盖11均与外缸筒7内壁紧密配合,留下阻尼通道22以沟通第一磁流变液腔4与第二磁流变液腔8。其中补偿腔10填充保护气2,用于补偿阻尼器运作时由于第二磁流变液腔8中活塞杆6存在造成的压强差。The inner surface of the
本发明的工作过程如下:The working process of the present invention is as follows:
参照图7,图8。当励磁线圈5不通电时,若活塞杆6在负载的作用下向下端盖方向运动,第一磁流变液腔4中的磁流变液被压缩,经电磁活塞20的阻尼通道22流至第二磁流变液腔。此时阻尼通道22中不存在磁场,磁流变液15可视为牛顿流体,活塞运动产生的阻尼力很小;若此时励磁线圈5通电,相当于给磁流变阻尼器施加阶跃上升沿电流激励,电流阶跃响应图参照图7,则励磁线圈5激发的源磁场,阻尼通道22处磁流变液15在磁场作用下,铁磁颗粒沿磁力线形成链状结构,由牛顿流体变为类固体,使得电磁活塞20所受阻尼力增加,阻尼力经活塞杆6传递至外部负载,完成对振动等负载的响应;若励磁线圈通电一段时间后断电,相当于给磁流变阻尼器施加阶跃下降沿电流激励,电流阶跃响应图参照图8,源磁场逐渐减弱至消失,阻尼通道22中的磁流变液由于磁场减弱,由类固体重新变为牛顿流体,活塞阻尼力减小。Referring to Figure 7, Figure 8. When the
本发明快速响应原理如下:The quick response principle of the present invention is as follows:
所述快速响应磁流变阻尼器的活塞13及外缸筒7设置径向均布沟槽17,当励磁线圈通电即给磁流变阻尼器施加阶跃上升沿电流激励时,对于传统无沟槽阻尼器,磁通经由活塞芯部传至活塞侧翼,势必在活塞表面激发涡流场,涡流场亦感应出相反方向的磁场,阻碍源磁场磁通传递至阻尼通道,使得阻尼通道磁场建立延缓,进而导致阻尼力响应变慢;而对于本发明所述带沟槽磁流变阻尼器,根据涡流的趋肤效应,设置沟槽对活塞表面进行分割,延长了趋附路径,根据欧姆定律,趋附路径的延长相当于增大电阻,使得涡流减小,则涡流的反向感应磁场被削弱,源磁场在阻尼通道得以快速建立,阻尼力迅速响应,实现快速响应的性能;当励磁线圈断电即给磁流变阻尼器施加阶跃下降沿电流激励时,对于传统无沟槽阻尼器,磁场突然降低在活塞表面激发涡流,涡流感应出反向的磁场以阻止磁场变弱,进而使得阻尼通道处磁场无法快速消失,即磁流变液从类固体恢复为牛顿流体的速度变慢,导致阻尼力响应变慢;而对于本发明带沟槽磁流变阻尼器,沟槽使得磁场变化激发的涡流大大削弱,则阻尼通道处的磁场得以迅速消退,磁流变液在励磁线圈断电后可迅速变为牛顿流体,增大阻尼力的响应速度。The
参照图9、图10,将磁流变阻尼器在ANSYS Maxwell中进行有限元仿真,计算其响应时间。结果显示,活塞及外缸筒的沟槽大大增强了磁流变阻尼器的快速相应性能,在本实施例中,其响应时间相较相同规格的传统磁流变阻尼器通电和断电时分别降低了35.85%和53.54%,经过仿真验证,其涡流量较传统磁流变阻尼器降低一个数量级。Referring to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 , the finite element simulation of the magnetorheological damper is performed in ANSYS Maxwell, and its response time is calculated. The results show that the grooves of the piston and the outer cylinder greatly enhance the fast response performance of the magnetorheological damper. It is reduced by 35.85% and 53.54%. After simulation verification, its eddy current is one order of magnitude lower than that of the traditional magnetorheological damper.
可选地,在该实施例中,沟槽数量设置为108个,活塞上下端盖的液流孔设置为4个,上下端盖与外缸筒使用焊接的方式封闭,阶跃上升沿及下降沿电流峰值为2A,响应时间小于1ms,参见图7、图8。Optionally, in this embodiment, the number of grooves is set to 108, the liquid flow holes of the upper and lower end caps of the piston are set to 4, the upper and lower end caps and the outer cylinder are closed by welding, and the rising edge and falling edge of the piston are stepped. The peak value of the edge current is 2A, and the response time is less than 1ms, see Figure 7 and Figure 8.
以上所揭露的仅为本发明一种较佳实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and of course it cannot limit the scope of the rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.
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