CN112157388A - Full penetration welding device and method for welding seam of welded part - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a full penetration welding device for a welding seam of a welded part and a welding method thereof. The operation is simple, the quality is reliable, the back chipping is reduced, and the work efficiency is improved.

Description

Full penetration welding device and method for welding seam of welded part

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of full penetration welding, in particular to a full penetration welding device and a full penetration welding method for a welding joint of a welding part.

Background

At present, a welding robot carries out the working flow and the method of the welding technology for the full penetration weld of a welded part, namely, firstly welding one side, backing welding, filling welding and facing welding, then turning over to prepare for welding the other side, and carrying out back gouging, backing welding, filling welding and facing welding. Firstly, the weld joint of the welding part which is welded at present often has the phenomenon of weld joint unfused; secondly, the forming of the back groove is poor after fusion, welding can be carried out only after back gouging treatment, and the prior art method has low work efficiency, low quality percent of pass and high cost. And back gouging is generally carried out by a carbon arc gouging machine to remove welding defects generated by front welding. The carbon arc gouging machine is used for back chipping, the welding work procedures are multiple, the period is long, the cost and the energy consumption of welding materials are increased, the welding deformation is large, the production efficiency is low, the noise is large, and the operation environment of workers is poor.

Chinese patent CN104923894B 'full penetration fillet weld back-chipping-free welding process for large H-shaped steel', the invention relates to a welding forming process for large H-shaped steel, which is characterized in that the full penetration fillet weld back-chipping-free butt-welding process is carried out on H-shaped steel with a web plate thickness of 40-45 mm and a wing plate thickness of 50-55 mm, the web plate adopts a double-sided groove without a truncated edge, the double-sided groove adopts a combined groove with a V-shaped groove at the upper part and a circular arc U-shaped slope at the bottom, groove processing is carried out again, the groove is verified by a groove verification plate, and then the web plate and the wing plate are assembled and welded, the wing plate and the web plate are assembled and welded, the wing plate is not tightly shielded, the back surface has trace welding defects, even if the trace welding defects on the back surface are not easily observed, the welding quality of the back surface is influenced, how to place the wing plate can be realized, but also has some drawbacks and requires many years of work experience to be able to use the welding process well.

Chinese patent CN110666312A 'H-shaped steel full penetration back chipping-free welding process' S1, selecting materials: performing lofting blanking on a plate according to the sizes of a wing plate and a web plate of the H-shaped steel on a design drawing to cut the wing plate and the web plate; s2, processing a web groove: performing groove machining on a web plate, wherein the groove is a K-shaped symmetrical groove with a groove angle of 45 degrees, the truncated edge of the web plate is 5-8 mm, and after the groove is cut, removing oxide skin, rust and oil stains on the surface of the groove and then polishing metal luster; s3, assembling H-shaped steel: assembling the web plate and the wing plate together, controlling the assembly gap to be 0-1mm, and fixing the web plate and the wing plate by spot welding through a welding machine; s4, placing the H-shaped steel fixed by spot welding on a welding jig frame to enable the included angle between the web plate and the horizontal plane to be 15-25 degrees; and S5, welding. In the actual use process, the method is difficult to master the gap of 0-1mm for assembling the web plate and the wing plate together, which is equivalent to the step of tightly attaching and welding the web plate and the wing plate, the welding only carries out surface welding completely, and the welding strength is far insufficient.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a full penetration welding device for a welding seam of a welded part and a welding method thereof, and solves the problems of low work efficiency, low quality percent of pass and high cost of a back surface back gouging method.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a welding seam full penetration welding device of a welded part is characterized in that a liner is arranged on one side of a welding seam of a first welding base material and a second welding base material and is in contact with the welding seam of the first welding base material and the second welding base material;

the welding device is characterized by further comprising a welding bottom plate, at least two clamping devices are arranged on the welding bottom plate, a first welding base material is arranged on the welding bottom plate and is clamped through the clamping devices, a vertical fixture is arranged on one side of the welding bottom plate, a second welding base material is arranged on the vertical fixture, the vertical fixture is arranged on the welding bottom plate through a support column, and the vertical fixture is connected with the support column in a rotating mode.

In the preferred scheme, still be equipped with the bottom plate, be equipped with welding manipulator on the bottom plate, welding manipulator one side is equipped with biax welding base, welding bottom plate establishes on biax welding base, and bottom plate one side is equipped with control center and driving electronic box, and driving electronic box is connected with control center electricity, and control center is connected with welding manipulator and biax welding base electricity, and the bottom plate opposite side is equipped with control switch, and control switch is connected with control center electricity.

In the preferred scheme, a plurality of adjustable supporting feet are arranged below the bottom plate.

In the preferred scheme, the welding bottom plate is including putting the thing board, puts the first side locating plate of thing board one side, and first side locating plate one side is equipped with pneumatic fixture, puts the thing board opposite side and is equipped with pneumatic upset anchor clamps.

In the preferred scheme, the pneumatic overturning clamp comprises a chuck, the chuck is hinged with the telescopic end of a second cylinder through a plurality of connecting rods, and the second cylinder is hinged with a hinge seat;

the second cylinder stretches out and draws back and drives the chuck upset to press from both sides tightly or loosen.

In the preferred scheme, vertical anchor clamps include first cylinder, and first cylinder tip is equipped with second side locating plate, and first cylinder telescopic link tip is equipped with the pressure strip, and first cylinder passes through the pivot to be connected with support column end rotation, the pivot tip is equipped with the angle calibrated scale.

In the preferred scheme, the support column tip is equipped with the shrinkage joint, and the shrinkage joint is equipped with the lock nut that runs through with support column tip shaft hole intercommunication on the shrinkage joint, and the lock nut tip is equipped with the locking hand (hold).

In the preferred scheme, a liner contraction device is arranged on a support column, the liner is arranged on the liner contraction device, the liner contraction device comprises a driving wheel and a driven wheel which are extruded and conveyed, the liner is arranged between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, the driving wheel is connected with a motor, a plurality of guide rings are arranged on one side of the driving wheel, and the liner is in sliding connection with the guide rings;

the other side of the driving wheel is provided with a cleaning ring, the liner penetrates through the interior of the cleaning ring, and a plurality of bristles are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the inner surface of the cleaning ring.

Preferably, the gasket is circular or polygonal, and the material of the gasket is ceramic, quartz, microcrystalline glass or teflon.

The method comprises a base material installation method and a full penetration welding method, wherein the base material installation method comprises the following steps:

s1, placing the first welding base metal on the welding bottom plate, enabling the first welding base metal to abut against the first side positioning plate for side positioning, and clamping the first welding base metal through a pneumatic clamp and a pneumatic overturning clamp;

s2, enabling the second welding parent metal to abut against a second side positioning plate on the first cylinder for side positioning, and pressing the second welding parent metal through a pressing plate;

s3, selecting a second welding parent metal, enabling the whole vertical clamp to rotate on the supporting column, selecting a rotating angle through the angle dial, locking the angle position of the vertical clamp through a rotating locking handle after rotating a proper angle, and loosening the vertical clamp to adjust the welding seam distance between the second welding parent metal and the first welding parent metal;

s4, after the welding seam distance is adjusted, the vertical clamp clamps the second welding parent metal, the liner of the liner contraction device slides out, and the liner is adjusted by adjusting the installation position of the fixing seat and is abutted against one side of the welding seam position of the first welding parent metal and the second welding parent metal;

s5, after welding the first welding parent metal and the second welding parent metal, retracting the gasket through the gasket retracting device, detaching the first welding parent metal and the second welding parent metal, and starting welding of a second wheel;

the full penetration welding method comprises the following steps:

a1, performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the first welding base material and the second welding base material to be qualified, and avoiding the defects of unfused, air holes, slag inclusion, undercut, welding beading, welding angle height and welding seam gap width unqualified;

a2, determining a weld groove, wherein the first welding parent metal and the second welding parent metal are k-shaped grooves or x-shaped grooves;

a3, selecting a circular gasket to be adhered to the large slope side of the k-shaped groove, wherein the diameter of the circular gasket is 5-10 mm;

a4, determining welding current, welding voltage and welding speed according to the welding principle that welding current is multiplied by welding voltage divided by welding speed is equal to linear energy, and backing welding: 300-320A, 30-32V, 30-36 cm/min, filling welding: 280-300A, 30-32V, 30-36 cm/min, cover surface welding: 280-300A, 30-32V, 30-36 cm/min;

a5, welding one side, namely backing welding, filling welding and cover welding in sequence, turning over to prepare for welding the reverse side, detaching the liner, cleaning the surface of a welding seam groove by using an air gun, backing welding, filling welding and cover welding, and removing stress after welding is finished.

The invention provides a full penetration welding device and a full penetration welding method for a welding part weld joint. The method has the advantages of simple operation, reliable quality, root chipping reduction and work efficiency improvement, according to the characteristics of the welding part and the technical quality requirement of the welding part, the welding groove is designed and determined, the ceramic filler strip is selected, the welding sequence and the welding bead are determined, the welding process parameters are determined, the welding robot is adopted to control the welding, the backing weld quality of the welding part can be ensured, the welding groove shape suitable for the other side is formed, the work of cleaning the root of the welding part on the other side surface of the welding part is reduced, the backing weld, the filling weld and the cover surface weld are carried out, and the technical quality requirement of the full penetration weld is effectively met.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structural view A of the installation of the biaxial welding base and the base material according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a view showing a mounting structure of a biaxial welding base and a base material according to the present invention B;

FIG. 4 is a view showing a structure of mounting the base material and the gasket according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a front view of the base material and the gasket of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a view showing a structure in which a first welding base material of the present invention is installed on a welding baseplate;

FIG. 7 is an open structure view of a pneumatic turnover jig for mounting a first welding parent metal to a welding baseplate according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a view showing an installation structure of a second welding base material according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a vertical clamp configuration of the present invention A;

FIG. 10 is a vertical clamp configuration view B of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a view of the gasket retractor and gasket installation configuration of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a view of the structure of the liner contracting device of the present invention;

in the figure: a control center 1; a driving electric box 2; a welding manipulator 3; a welding torch 301; a base 4 is welded in a double-shaft mode; a first welding parent metal 5; a second welding parent metal 6; a control switch 7; a bottom plate 8; supporting legs 9; a vertical jig 10; a support post 1001; a first cylinder 1002; a second side alignment plate 1003; a compression plate 1004; locking the handle 1005; a shrink seam 1006; an angle dial 1007; a pneumatic clamp 11; a liner 12; a pneumatic overturning jig 13; a collet 1301; a second cylinder 1302; a hinge base 1303; welding the base plate 14; a first side positioning plate 1401; a storage plate 1402; a liner contracting device 15; a fixed base 1501; a motor 1502; a drive wheel 1503; a guide ring 1504; a cleaning ring 1505; a driven wheel 1506.

Detailed Description

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 12, a welding joint full penetration welding device is provided, wherein a liner 12 is arranged on one side of a welding joint of a first welding parent metal 5 and a second welding parent metal 6, the liner 12 is in contact with the welding joint of the first welding parent metal 5 and the second welding parent metal 6, the scheme preferably selects a circular ceramic filler strip, and the circular ceramic filler strip is filled on one side of the welding joint of the first welding parent metal 5 and the second welding parent metal 6, and the structure shown in fig. 4 to 5 reduces the work of cleaning the root of the welding joint on the other side surface of the welding joint, so that the welding step of the other side surface is simpler, and the effective back chipping work does not need to be carried out.

The welding device is characterized by further comprising a welding bottom plate 14, at least two clamping devices are arranged on the welding bottom plate 14, a first welding base metal 5 is arranged on the welding bottom plate 14 and clamped through the clamping devices, a vertical clamp 10 is arranged on one side of the welding bottom plate 14, a second welding base metal 6 is arranged on the vertical clamp 10, the vertical clamp 10 is arranged on the welding bottom plate 14 through a support column 1001, and the vertical clamp 10 is rotatably connected with the support column 1001. The welding bottom plate 14 is used for clamping the first welding base metal 5, the vertical clamp 10 is used for clamping the second welding base metal 6, the vertical clamp 10 can rotate the angle of the second welding base metal 6, multi-angle welding is achieved, and the welding bottom plate 14 is suitable for welding the first welding base metal 5 and the second welding base metal 6 in batches.

In the preferred scheme, still be equipped with bottom plate 8, be equipped with welding manipulator 3 on the bottom plate 8, 3 one sides of welding manipulator are equipped with biax welding base 4, welding bottom plate 14 is established on biax welding base 4, and 8 one sides of bottom plate are equipped with control center 1 and driving electronic box 2, and driving electronic box 2 is connected with 1 electricity in control center, and control center 1 is connected with welding manipulator 3 and biax welding base 4 electricity, and 8 opposite sides of bottom plate are equipped with control switch 7, and control switch 7 is connected with 1 electricity in control center. According to the structure shown in the figures 1-3, the welding manipulator 3 device is determined according to the outline size of a welding part, the size of a welding seam, the characteristics of the welding seam, a welding wire, welding current, welding voltage and welding speed, power is supplied by the driving electric box 2, the control center 1 is used for controlling the welding stroke of the welding manipulator 3 to effectively weld the first welding parent metal 5 and the second welding parent metal 6 on the double-shaft welding base 4, the double-shaft welding base 4 can rotate in multiple directions, different welding parent metals are used, the control switch 7 controls the operation and the closing of the welding manipulator 3, and the function of emergency stop is achieved.

In the preferred scheme, a plurality of adjustable supporting feet 9 are arranged below the bottom plate 8. The bottom plate 8 can be kept in balance by the conditional support legs 9.

In a preferred embodiment, the welding bottom plate 14 includes a placement plate 1402, a first side positioning plate 1401 on one side of the placement plate 1402, a pneumatic fixture 11 on one side of the first side positioning plate 1401, and a pneumatic turnover fixture 13 on the other side of the placement plate 1402. The pneumatic clamp 11 and the pneumatic overturning clamp 13 are used for clamping a base material, in order to take out the base material conveniently, at least one pneumatic overturning clamp 13 is adopted to realize compaction and take down the base material conveniently, wherein the first side positioning plate 1401 is mainly used for carrying out side positioning on one side of the base material, so that the flatness of the whole welding of the base material is high, the base material is clean and tidy, and as shown in the structure shown in fig. 7, after the pneumatic overturning clamp 13 overturns, the pneumatic clamp 11 rises, and then the base material can be taken down.

In a preferred scheme, the pneumatic overturning clamp 13 comprises a chuck 1301, wherein the chuck 1301 is hinged with the telescopic end of a second cylinder 1302 through a plurality of connecting rods, and the second cylinder 1302 is hinged with a hinge seat 1303;

the second cylinder 1302 stretches and retracts to drive the clamping head 1301 to overturn and clamp or loosen. 6-7, the pneumatic overturning clamp 13 is driven by a second air cylinder 1302 to enable the clamping head 1301 to be overturned to be pressed or loosened.

In a preferable scheme, the vertical clamp 10 comprises a first cylinder 1002, a second side positioning plate 1003 is arranged at the end of the first cylinder 1002, a pressing plate 1004 is arranged at the end of a telescopic rod of the first cylinder 1002, the first cylinder 1002 is rotatably connected with the end of a supporting column 1001 through a rotating shaft, and an angle dial 1007 is arranged at the end of the rotating shaft. In the structure shown in fig. 9-10, the vertical clamp 10 is connected with the end of the supporting column 1001 in a rotating way, in order to better show the rotating angle, the dial 1007 and the arrow on the supporting column 1001 refer to the rotating angle of the vertical clamp 10, the second side positioning plate 1003 is flush with the first side positioning plate 1401, so that the parent metal is better positioned at the side, and the first cylinder 1002 also telescopically compresses the parent metal.

In the preferred scheme, the end of the support column 1001 is provided with a shrinkage joint 1006, the shrinkage joint 1006 is communicated with a shaft hole at the end of the support column 1001, the shrinkage joint 1006 is provided with a through locking nut, and the end of the locking nut is provided with a locking handle 1005. The locking handle 1005 is rotated to lock the pinch joint 1006 for the purpose of locking the axis of rotation of the vertical clamp 10.

In a preferred scheme, a liner contracting device 15 is arranged on a support column 1001, a liner 12 is arranged on the liner contracting device 15, the liner contracting device 15 comprises a driving wheel 1503 and a driven wheel 1506 for extrusion conveying, the liner 12 is arranged between the driving wheel 1503 and the driven wheel 1506, the driving wheel 1503 is connected with a motor 1502, a plurality of guide rings 1504 are arranged on one side of the driving wheel 1503, the liner 12 is in sliding connection with the guide rings 1504, a cleaning ring 1505 is arranged on the other side of the driving wheel 1503, the liner 12 penetrates through the interior of the cleaning ring 1505, and a plurality of bristles are uniformly arranged on the inner surface circumference of the cleaning ring 1505. The pad shrinking device 15 can automatically place the pad 12 to enable the pad 12 to extend or shrink in a sliding mode, when the reverse side is welded, the whole pad 12 retracts by utilizing the extrusion of the driving wheel 1503 and the driven wheel 1506, and then the surface of the pad 12 is subjected to slag removal treatment by utilizing the steel wire bristles of the cleaning ring 1505, so that the pad 12 can be recycled, and the welding effect is better.

Preferably, the pad 12 is circular or polygonal, and the material of the pad 12 is ceramic, quartz, microcrystalline glass, or teflon. The present embodiment is preferably a circular gasket 12, and the material of the gasket 12 is preferably ceramic.

Example 2

As described further with reference to example 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 12, the first welding base material 5 is placed on the welding bottom plate 14, the first welding base material 5 is positioned laterally by abutting against the first lateral positioning plate 1401, and the first welding base material 5 is clamped by the pneumatic clamp 11 and the pneumatic reverse clamp 13.

The second welding parent metal 6 is abutted against the second side positioning plate 1003 on the first cylinder 1002 to perform side positioning, and the second welding parent metal 6 is pressed by the pressing plate 1004.

And selecting the second welding parent metal 6, enabling the whole vertical clamp 10 to rotate on the support column 1001, selecting a rotating angle through the angle dial 1007, locking the angular position of the vertical clamp 10 through rotating the locking handle 1005 after rotating by a proper angle, and loosening the vertical clamp 10 to adjust the welding seam distance between the second welding parent metal 6 and the first welding parent metal 5.

After the adjustment of the welding seam distance is completed, the vertical clamp 10 clamps the second welding parent metal 6, the liner 12 of the liner contraction device 15 slides out, and the liner 12 is adjusted by adjusting the installation position of the fixing seat 1501, so that the liner 12 abuts against one side of the welding seam position of the first welding parent metal 5 and the second welding parent metal 6.

After welding the first welding base material 5 and the second welding base material 6, the liner 12 is retracted by the liner contracting device 15, the first welding base material 5 and the second welding base material 6 are removed, and the second round welding is started.

Example 3

As further described in conjunction with embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 1 to 12, the full penetration welding method includes: and the first welding parent metal 5 and the second welding parent metal 6 are subjected to ultrasonic flaw detection to be qualified, and the defects of incomplete fusion, air holes, slag inclusion, undercut, welding beading, welding angle height and welding seam gap width are not qualified.

And determining a weld groove, wherein the first welding parent metal 5 and the second welding parent metal 6 are k-shaped grooves or x-shaped grooves.

The circular gasket 12 is selected to be adhered to the large slope side of the k-shaped groove, and the diameter of the circular gasket 12 is 5-10 mm.

According to the welding principle that welding current is multiplied by welding voltage divided by welding speed is equal to linear energy, the welding current, the welding voltage and the welding speed are determined, and backing welding is carried out: 300-320A, 30-32V, 30-36 cm/min, filling welding: 280-300A, 30-32V, 30-36 cm/min, cover surface welding: 280-300A, 30-32V, 30-36 cm/min.

Firstly welding one side, sequentially backing welding, filling welding and cover welding, then turning over to prepare to weld the reverse side, firstly detaching the liner 12, cleaning the surface of a welding seam groove by using an air gun, then backing welding, filling welding and cover welding, and removing stress after welding is finished.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and equivalents including technical features described in the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a full penetration welding set of weldment welding seam, characterized by: one side of a welding seam of the first welding parent metal (5) and the second welding parent metal (6) is provided with a liner (12), and the liner (12) is in contact with the welding seam of the first welding parent metal (5) and the second welding parent metal (6);

still be equipped with welding baseplate (14), be equipped with two at least clamping device on welding baseplate (14), first welding mother metal (5) are established on welding baseplate (14), first welding mother metal (5) are tight through clamping device clamp, welding baseplate (14) one side is equipped with vertical anchor clamps (10), second welding mother metal (6) are established on vertical anchor clamps (10), vertical anchor clamps (10) pass through support column (1001) and set up on welding baseplate (14), vertical anchor clamps (10) are connected with support column (1001) rotation.

2. The full penetration welding device for the welding seam of the weldment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: still be equipped with bottom plate (8), be equipped with welding machines hand (3) on bottom plate (8), welding machines hand (3) one side is equipped with biax welding base (4), establish on biax welding base (4) welding bottom plate (14), bottom plate (8) one side is equipped with control center (1) and driving electronic box (2), and driving electronic box (2) are connected with control center (1) electricity, and control center (1) are connected with welding machines hand (3) and biax welding base (4) electricity, and bottom plate (8) opposite side is equipped with control switch (7), and control switch (7) are connected with control center (1) electricity.

3. The full penetration welding device for the welding seam of the weldment according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: a plurality of adjustable supporting feet (9) are arranged below the bottom plate (8).

4. The full penetration welding device for the welding seam of the weldment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: welding bottom plate (14) are including putting thing board (1402), put first side locating plate (1401) of thing board (1402) one side, and first side locating plate (1401) one side is equipped with pneumatic fixture (11), puts thing board (1402) opposite side and is equipped with pneumatic upset anchor clamps (13).

5. The full penetration welding device for the welding seam of the weldment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pneumatic overturning clamp (13) comprises a chuck (1301), wherein the chuck (1301) is hinged with the telescopic end of a second cylinder (1302) through a plurality of connecting rods, and the second cylinder (1302) is hinged with a hinge seat (1303);

the second air cylinder (1302) stretches and retracts to drive the chuck (1301) to overturn and clamp or loosen.

6. The full penetration welding device for the welding seam of the weldment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: vertical anchor clamps (10) include first cylinder (1002), and first cylinder (1002) tip is equipped with second side locating plate (1003), and first cylinder (1002) telescopic link tip is equipped with pressure strip (1004), and first cylinder (1002) are connected through pivot and support column (1001) tip rotation, the pivot tip is equipped with angle calibrated scale (1007).

7. The full penetration welding device for the welding seam of the weldment according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the end of the supporting column (1001) is provided with a shrinkage joint (1006), the shrinkage joint (1006) is communicated with a shaft hole at the end of the supporting column (1001), a through locking nut is arranged on the shrinkage joint (1006), and a locking handle (1005) is arranged at the end of the locking nut.

8. The full penetration welding device for the welding seam of the weldment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a supporting column (1001), a liner contraction device (15) is arranged on the supporting column (1001), a liner (12) is arranged on the liner contraction device (15), the liner contraction device (15) comprises a driving wheel (1503) and a driven wheel (1506) which are used for extrusion conveying, the liner (12) is arranged between the driving wheel (1503) and the driven wheel (1506), the driving wheel (1503) is connected with a motor (1502), a plurality of guide rings (1504) are arranged on one side of the driving wheel (1503), and the liner (12) is in sliding connection with the guide rings (1504);

the other side of the driving wheel (1503) is provided with a cleaning ring (1505), the liner (12) penetrates through the inside of the cleaning ring (1505), and a plurality of bristles are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the inner surface of the cleaning ring (1505).

9. The full penetration welding device for the welding seam of the weldment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the gasket (12) is circular or polygonal, and the material of the gasket (12) is ceramic, quartz, microcrystalline glass or teflon.

10. The welding method of the full penetration welding device for the welding seam of the weldment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises a base material installation method and a full penetration welding method, wherein the base material installation method comprises the following steps:

s1, placing the first welding base material (5) on the welding bottom plate (14), enabling the first welding base material (5) to abut against the first side positioning plate (1401) for side positioning, and clamping the first welding base material (5) through the pneumatic clamp (11) and the pneumatic overturning clamp (13);

s2, the second welding parent metal (6) abuts against a second side positioning plate (1003) on the first air cylinder (1002) for side positioning, and the second welding parent metal (6) is pressed through a pressing plate (1004);

s3, selecting a second welding parent metal (6), enabling the whole vertical clamp (10) to rotate on a support column (1001), selecting a rotating angle through an angle dial (1007), locking the angle position of the vertical clamp (10) through a rotating locking handle (1005) after rotating a proper angle, and loosening the vertical clamp (10) to adjust the welding seam distance between the second welding parent metal (6) and the first welding parent metal (5);

s4, after the welding seam distance is adjusted, the vertical clamp (10) clamps the second welding parent metal (6), the liner (12) of the liner contraction device (15) slides out, the liner (12) is adjusted by adjusting the installation position of the fixing seat (1501), and the liner (12) abuts against one side of the welding seam positions of the first welding parent metal (5) and the second welding parent metal (6);

s5, after welding the first welding base material (5) and the second welding base material (6), retracting the liner (12) through the liner contraction device (15), detaching the first welding base material (5) and the second welding base material (6), and starting welding of a second round;

the full penetration welding method comprises the following steps:

a1, performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the first welding base metal (5) and the second welding base metal (6) to be qualified, and avoiding the defects of unfused, air holes, slag inclusion, undercut, weld beading, weld corner height and weld seam gap width unqualified;

a2, determining a weld groove, wherein the first welding parent metal (5) and the second welding parent metal (6) are k-shaped grooves or x-shaped grooves;

a3, selecting a circular gasket (12) to be adhered to the side of a large slope of a k-shaped groove, wherein the diameter of the circular gasket (12) is 5-10 mm;

a4, determining welding current, welding voltage and welding speed according to the welding principle that welding current is multiplied by welding voltage divided by welding speed is equal to linear energy, and backing welding: 300-320A, 30-32V, 30-36 cm/min, filling welding: 280-300A, 30-32V, 30-36 cm/min, cover surface welding: 280-300A, 30-32V, 30-36 cm/min;

a5, welding one side, namely backing welding, filling welding and cover welding in sequence, turning over to prepare to weld the reverse side, firstly detaching the liner (12), cleaning the surface of a welding seam groove by using an air gun, backing welding, filling welding and cover welding, and removing stress after welding is finished.

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