CN112155800A - 一种单髁膝关节假体 - Google Patents

一种单髁膝关节假体 Download PDF

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CN112155800A
CN112155800A CN202010970814.3A CN202010970814A CN112155800A CN 112155800 A CN112155800 A CN 112155800A CN 202010970814 A CN202010970814 A CN 202010970814A CN 112155800 A CN112155800 A CN 112155800A
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pad
tibial
femoral condyle
tibia
knee prosthesis
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张亚鹏
张天宇
蔡宝存
马淑芹
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Beijing Lidakang Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Lidakang Technology Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3859—Femoral components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3886—Joints for elbows or knees for stabilising knees against anterior or lateral dislocations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/389—Tibial components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30518—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements with possibility of relative movement between the prosthetic parts

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种单髁膝关节假体，包括股骨髁、胫骨垫和胫骨托，股骨髁设置在胫骨垫上，且股骨髁得以相对胫骨垫转动；胫骨垫与胫骨托通过滑动装置连接，胫骨垫得以相对胫骨托滑动。胫骨托起到支撑胫骨垫的作用同时，解决了胫骨垫在胫骨托上滑动时容易脱位问题。通过滑动装置，胫骨垫在胫骨托上滑动，胫骨垫不会脱离胫骨托，不会出现脱位现象，胫骨垫的稳定性好，磨损量小。

Description

一种单髁膝关节假体
技术领域
本发明涉及骨科医学技术领域，特别是指一种单髁膝关节假体。
背景技术
膝关节是人体最大最复杂的关节，属于滑车关节，是人体下肢最重要的负重关节。面临严重的膝关节疾病，膝关节置换手术为常用的疾病治疗方法。现有的活动平台单髁膝关节假体包括股骨髁、胫骨垫和胫骨托，胫骨垫有从胫骨托上滑出的危险，胫骨垫的磨损量大、稳定性差，容易脱位。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种单髁膝关节假体。现有的膝关节假体具有以下问题，
胫骨托有从胫骨垫上滑出的危险，胫骨垫的磨损量大、稳定性差，容易脱位。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的实施例提供如下方案
一种单髁膝关节假体，包括：
股骨髁；
胫骨垫，所述股骨髁设置在所述胫骨垫上，且所述股骨髁得以相对所述胫骨垫转动；
胫骨托，所述胫骨垫与所述胫骨托通过滑动装置连接，所述胫骨垫得以相对所述胫骨托滑动。
其中，所述滑动装置包括：
燕尾槽，所述燕尾槽设置在所述胫骨垫的底面上；
滑槽，所述滑槽设置在所述胫骨托的顶面上，所述胫骨垫的底面与所述胫骨托的顶面接触，所述燕尾槽能够在所述滑槽内滑动。
其中，所述胫骨托包括胫骨托球形颗粒，所述胫骨托球形颗粒设置在所述胫骨托的下表面。
其中，所述股骨髁包括股骨髁球形颗粒，所述股骨髁球形颗粒设在所述股骨髁的上表面上。
其中，所述股骨髁的下表面上为股骨髁曲面，所述股骨髁曲面的半径为为单一曲率半径。
其中，所述股骨髁的上表面上设有股骨髁立柱。
其中，所述胫骨垫的上表面为胫骨垫凹曲面，所述胫骨垫凹曲面与所述股骨髁曲面相对设置。
其中，所述胫骨托的下表面上设有胫骨托立柱。
其中，所述股骨髁曲面为高抛光后股骨髁曲面。
其中，所述胫骨垫凹曲面为高精加工胫骨垫凹曲面。
本发明的上述方案至少包括以下有益效果：
本发明的上述方案，单髁膝关节假体具有良好的关节面吻合度，胫骨垫滑动稳定性、磨损小、不脱位。
附图说明
图1为本发明的单髁膝关节假体的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的单髁膝关节假体的股骨髁的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的单髁膝关节假体的胫骨垫的结构示意图；
图4为本发明的单髁膝关节假体的胫骨托的结构示意图一；
图5为本发明的单髁膝关节假体的胫骨托的结构示意图二。
附图标记：
10、股骨髁；15、胫骨垫；20、胫骨托；25、股骨髁球形颗粒；30、股骨髁立柱；35、股骨髁曲面；40、胫骨垫凹曲面；45、燕尾槽；50、滑槽；55、胫骨托立柱；60、胫骨托球形颗粒。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
如图1-5所示，本实施例提供了一种单髁膝关节假体，包括股骨髁10、胫骨垫15和胫骨托20，股骨髁10设置在胫骨垫15上，且股骨髁10得以相对胫骨垫15转动；胫骨垫15与胫骨托20通过滑动装置连接，通过滑动装置得以实现胫骨垫15相对胫骨托20滑动。本实施例的胫骨垫15设置在胫骨托20上，胫骨垫15通过滑动装置，得以在胫骨托20上滑动。胫骨托20起到支撑胫骨垫15的作用同时，解决了胫骨垫15在胫骨托20上滑动时容易脱位问题。现有的胫骨托20与胫骨垫15之间没有滑动装置，胫骨垫15在胫骨托20上滑动时，受到其它因素的力作用，存在胫骨垫15滑出胫骨托20上表面的风险。通过滑动装置，胫骨垫15在胫骨托20上滑动，胫骨垫15不会脱离胫骨托20，不会出现脱位现象，胫骨垫15的稳定性好，磨损量小。
如图3-4所示，本实施例的滑动装置包括燕尾槽45和滑槽50，燕尾槽45设置在胫骨垫15的底面上；滑槽50设置在胫骨托20的顶面上，胫骨垫15的底面与胫骨托20的顶面接触，燕尾槽45能够在滑槽50内滑动。胫骨垫15底面上设有燕尾槽45，胫骨托20上表面设有滑槽50，燕尾槽45可以插入到滑槽50中，并可在滑槽50内移动，使得胫骨垫15在胫骨托20上滑动时，燕尾槽45始终不可以脱离胫骨托20凹槽，解决了胫骨垫15在胫骨托20上滑动时脱位的问题。
再如图5所示，本实施例的胫骨托20包括股骨髁球形颗粒25，胫骨托球形颗粒60设置在胫骨托20的下表面。本实施例的胫骨托20的上表面设置有滑槽50，使得胫骨托20滑槽50处的厚度变薄，结构性减弱，此时，在胫骨托20的下表面增加股骨髁球形颗粒25，弥补了胫骨托20上凹槽处的缺失结构，补强性能。同时，胫骨托球形颗粒60在胫骨托20做骨水泥固定时，可以增加胫骨托20固定的粘结强度，保证胫骨托20长期使用不松动。为了提高胫骨托20的初始稳定性，本实施例的胫骨托20上的下表面上设有胫骨托立柱55，胫骨托立柱55优选设置有3个，胫骨托立柱55经过优化设计，增强胫骨托20的结构性能，降低疲劳失效风险，增加假体的初始稳定性。并且，胫骨托20根据解剖学设计，为解剖结构，提供更好的假体匹配性。
如图2所示，本实施例的股骨髁10为解剖结构，提供更好的假体匹配性。股骨髁10包括股骨髁球形颗粒25，股骨髁球形颗粒25设在股骨髁10的上表面上，股骨髁10的上表面上还设有股骨髁立柱30。本实施例的股骨髁10的股骨髁球形颗粒25和股骨髁立柱30，增加了假体的初始稳定性，降低松动风险。股骨髁球形颗粒25增强了股骨髁10，使其拥有更好的力学性能，大大降低了长期使用后的疲劳失效。股骨髁10的下表面上为股骨髁曲面35，股骨髁曲面35的半径为为单一曲率半径。股骨髁曲面35采用高抛光处理，为高抛光后股骨髁曲面35。股骨髁曲面35的单一曲率半径可以增大接触面积，减小接触应力；同时采用高抛光处理，降低磨损系数。
如图1和3所示，本实施例的胫骨垫15的上表面为胫骨垫凹曲面40，胫骨垫凹曲面40与股骨髁曲面35相对设置，胫骨垫凹曲面40为高精加工后胫骨垫凹曲面40。胫骨垫凹曲面40与股骨髁曲面35配合使用，胫骨垫凹曲面40为股骨髁10转动提供支撑曲面。胫骨垫凹曲面40与股骨髁曲面35的一致性，使股骨髁10在转动时，始终可以有很大的接触面积，有效的减小了接触应力。股骨髁曲面35的高抛光处理及高精加工的胫骨垫凹曲面40的配合使用，使胫骨垫凹曲面40的磨损大大降低，减少了磨损颗粒的产生，降低了膝关节置换术后感染及松动的风险。
本实施例的股骨髁10材料为铸造钴铬钼合金，胫骨垫15为超高分子量聚乙烯或VE高交联超高分子量聚乙烯，胫骨托20材料为医用钛合金或钴铬钼合金。
本实施例的单髁膝关节假体，具有良好的关节面吻合度，胫骨垫15滑动稳定性、磨损小、不脱位。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，包括：
股骨髁；
胫骨垫，所述股骨髁设置在所述胫骨垫上，且所述股骨髁得以相对所述胫骨垫转动；
胫骨托，所述胫骨垫与所述胫骨托通过滑动装置连接，所述胫骨垫得以相对所述胫骨托滑动。
2.如权利要求1所述的单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述滑动装置包括：
燕尾槽，所述燕尾槽设置在所述胫骨垫的底面上；
滑槽，所述滑槽设置在所述胫骨托的顶面上，所述胫骨垫的底面与所述胫骨托的顶面接触，所述燕尾槽能够在所述滑槽内滑动。
3.如权利要求1所述的单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述胫骨托包括胫骨托球形颗粒，所述胫骨托球形颗粒设置在所述胫骨托的下表面。
4.如权利要求1所述的单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述股骨髁包括股骨髁球形颗粒，所述股骨髁球形颗粒设在所述股骨髁的上表面上。
5.如权利要求1所述的单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述股骨髁的下表面上为股骨髁曲面，所述股骨髁曲面的半径为为单一曲率半径。
6.如权利要求1所述的单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述股骨髁的上表面上设有股骨髁立柱。
7.如权利要求1所述的单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述胫骨垫的上表面为胫骨垫凹曲面，所述胫骨垫凹曲面与所述股骨髁曲面相对设置。
8.如权利要求1所述的单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述胫骨托的下表面上设有胫骨托立柱。
9.如权利要求5所述的单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述股骨髁曲面为高抛光后股骨髁曲面。
10.如权利要求7所述的单髁膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述胫骨垫凹曲面为高精加工胫骨垫凹曲面。
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CN113648111A (zh) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-16 西宁市第一人民医院 一种防脱位式单髁膝关节假体
CN113995559A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2022-02-01 北京力达康科技有限公司 一种单髁膝关节假体

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CN112155800A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2021-01-01 北京力达康科技有限公司 一种单髁膝关节假体
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CN113995559A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2022-02-01 北京力达康科技有限公司 一种单髁膝关节假体
CN113995559B (zh) * 2020-09-15 2022-12-06 北京力达康科技有限公司 一种单髁膝关节假体
CN113648111A (zh) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-16 西宁市第一人民医院 一种防脱位式单髁膝关节假体
CN113648111B (zh) * 2021-08-20 2024-03-26 西宁市第一人民医院 一种防脱位式单髁膝关节假体

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