CN112155650B - Pathologic sampling device for whole bone of femoral head - Google Patents
Pathologic sampling device for whole bone of femoral head Download PDFInfo
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- CN112155650B CN112155650B CN202011110488.5A CN202011110488A CN112155650B CN 112155650 B CN112155650 B CN 112155650B CN 202011110488 A CN202011110488 A CN 202011110488A CN 112155650 B CN112155650 B CN 112155650B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1635—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for grafts, harvesting or transplants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1657—Bone breaking devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1703—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires using imaging means, e.g. by X-rays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel femoral head total bone pathological material drawing device, which relates to the technical field of medical instruments and comprises a first arc-shaped embracing device, wherein a cavity is arranged in the first arc-shaped embracing device, a first arc-shaped groove is arranged on one side of the cavity, and a first guide hole is arranged at the bottom of the first arc-shaped groove; a second arc-shaped embracing device matched with the cavity is slidably connected in the cavity, a second arc-shaped groove matched with the first arc-shaped groove is arranged in the second arc-shaped embracing device, a second guide hole matched with the first guide hole is arranged at the bottom of the second arc-shaped groove, an adjusting hole is arranged on the outer wall of the other side of the cavity, an adjusting rod is arranged in the adjusting hole, and the adjusting rod penetrates through the adjusting hole and is detachably connected with the second arc-shaped embracing device; the top of the first arc-shaped embracing device is provided with a bone drill navigation device, and a cutting device matched with the bone drill navigation device is arranged in the bone drill navigation device. The invention can shorten the time for obtaining the material of the full-thickness bone tissue of the femoral head and provide corresponding guarantee for the subsequent related molecular biology experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a femoral head total bone pathological material taking device.
Background
At present, femoral head necrosis is a common clinical disease, and in order to complete related scientific research, a clinical sample of femoral head (cartilage, cortical bone and cancellous bone) needs to be collected to complete protein/nucleic acid extraction, micro-CT scanning or pathological section staining under subsequent aseptic conditions.
The conventional method for pathologic sampling of femoral heads is characterized in that rongeur manual fixation is combined with swing saw cutting, the rongeur is used for fixation, and a swing saw or a spatula is used for sampling materials, namely, an operating doctor uses the rongeur to clamp the femoral heads by one hand and uses the orthopedic swing saw to cut the femoral heads by the other hand or uses the spatula to scrape bone materials, the method has obvious defects, such as that the femoral heads are not firmly fixed by the rongeur, and the femoral heads are easy to slip off in the sampling process; the swing saw can cause bone splash when the materials are taken, and the operation area is easily polluted; the scraping efficiency of the spatula for scraping bone is low, and cartilage, subchondral bone and cancellous bone are difficult to accurately take out respectively; the traditional material taking method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and a surgeon is difficult to quickly take out related samples during the operation, but the follow-up scientific research cannot be normally carried out due to the fact that a long time interval is left between the taking-out of femoral heads and the end of the operation, the material taking is carried out after the operation is finished, part of protein/nucleic acid is degraded, or the isolated femoral heads are polluted. The existing device which is not found can be matched with surgical instruments (trephine, bone drill and the like) to be used in the operation, and the corresponding device which is not found can completely obtain the whole layer of bone tissue including cartilage, subchondral bone and cancellous bone; therefore, the femoral head pathological material taking device which is convenient and quick and can be used in cooperation with an operation tool is provided, the acquisition of cartilage, subchondral bone, cancellous bone and other full-thickness bone tissues is realized, and the development of related experimental research and the research of pathological processes have important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a femoral head total bone pathological material taking device, which solves the problem of how to quickly take out related samples in the operation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a pathologic sampling device for total bone of femoral head comprises a first arc-shaped embracing device, a second arc-shaped embracing device, an adjusting rod, a bone drill navigation device and a cutting device;
a cavity is arranged in the first arc-shaped embracing device, a first arc-shaped groove is arranged on one side of the cavity, and a first guide hole is formed in the bottom of the first arc-shaped groove;
a second arc-shaped embracing device matched with the first arc-shaped groove is slidably connected in the cavity, a second arc-shaped groove matched with the first arc-shaped groove is arranged in the second arc-shaped embracing device, a second guide hole matched with the first guide hole is arranged at the bottom of the second arc-shaped groove, and the first arc-shaped groove and the second arc-shaped groove are oppositely arranged;
an adjusting hole is formed in the outer wall of the other side of the cavity, an adjusting rod is arranged in the adjusting hole, penetrates through the adjusting hole and is detachably connected with the second arc-shaped embracing device;
and a bone drill navigation device is arranged at the top of the first arc-shaped embracing device, and a cutting device matched with the bone drill navigation device is arranged in the bone drill navigation device.
Further, the bone drill navigation device comprises an arc-shaped arm and a sleeve navigator; first arc encircles ware top and can dismantle and be connected with the arc arm, be equipped with the guide way on the arc arm, be equipped with the sleeve navigator in the guide way, cutting device detachable sets up in the sleeve navigator, sleeve navigator sliding connection's setting is at the guide way, the guide way both sides are equipped with a plurality of evenly distributed's spacing groove outward, sleeve navigator both sides are equipped with the spacing arch with spacing groove matched with outward, spacing arch can be dismantled with the spacing groove and be connected.
Further, the limit groove is provided on the arc-shaped arm in a range of-60 ° to 0 °.
Further, the guide groove is provided at a middle portion of the arc type arm.
Furthermore, sliding grooves are formed in two sides of the bottom of the cavity, sliding rails matched with the sliding grooves are arranged at the bottom of the second arc-shaped embracing device, and the sliding rails are arranged in the sliding grooves in a sliding connection mode.
Furthermore, the adjusting rod is a threaded rod, the adjusting hole is a threaded hole, and the threaded rod is in threaded connection with the threaded hole.
Furthermore, the inner surfaces of the first arc-shaped groove and the second arc-shaped groove are provided with toothed anti-slip structures.
Furthermore, a clamping groove is formed in the first arc-shaped embracing device, the clamping groove is formed in the outer side, close to one end of the first arc-shaped groove, of the first arc-shaped embracing device, and one end of the arc-shaped arm is detachably embedded into the clamping groove.
Further, the width dimension of the arc-shaped arm is smaller than the width dimension of the first arc-shaped embracing fixator.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a pathologic sampling device for total bone tissue of femoral head, which can shorten the sampling time of the total bone tissue of femoral head, reduce the degradation of protein \ nucleic acid and provide corresponding guarantee for the subsequent related molecular biology experiments;
the first arc-shaped embracing device, the second arc-shaped embracing device and the adjusting rod are matched to realize the stable fixation of the in-vitro femoral head, so that the sample pollution or personnel accidental injury caused by the unstable fixation of the femoral head in the traditional femoral head method is reduced; guiding by means of a bone drill navigation device with adjustable position and angle, and acquiring a full-thickness bone tissue sample of the region of interest as required according to preoperative imaging data X-ray, CT and MRI; the method can accurately and completely obtain the full-thickness bone tissue including cartilage, subchondral bone and cancellous bone, and provides bone tissue samples with regular shapes for subsequent histological research of bone tissues in different areas;
the arc-shaped arm avoids the phenomenon of fragment splashing in the traditional femoral head bone tissue material drawing process, and greatly reduces the possibility of pollution to normal operation caused by bone tissue material drawing;
the cutting device can be used by matching with the existing surgical instruments, the surgical instruments with different inner diameters or materials are selected according to actual requirements, and the mechanical cutting device can be replaced by a high-pressure water jet cutter and other devices when necessary.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first arc type embracing hoop structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a first arc type embracing member of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a first arc type embracing member in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second arc type embracing hoop structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an arc arm configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the sleeve navigator of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the adjustment lever of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a first arc-shaped embracing device, 2-a second arc-shaped embracing device, 3-an adjusting rod, 4-a bone drill navigation device and 5-a cutting device;
11-a cavity, 12-a first arc-shaped groove, 13-an adjusting hole, 14-a sliding groove, 15-a first guide hole and 16-a clamping groove;
21-a slide rail, 22-a second arc-shaped groove and 23-a second guide hole;
41-sleeve navigator, 411-limit projection;
42-arc arm, 421-guide groove, 422-limit groove.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, a femoral head total bone pathology material drawing device includes a first arc-shaped embracing device 1, a second arc-shaped embracing device 2, an adjusting rod 3, a bone drill navigation device 4 and a cutting device 5;
a cavity 11 is arranged in the first arc-shaped embracing device 1, a first arc-shaped groove 12 is arranged on one side of the cavity 11, and a first guide hole 15 is arranged at the bottom of the first arc-shaped groove 12;
a second arc-shaped embracing device 2 matched with the cavity 11 is slidably connected in the cavity 11, a second arc-shaped groove 22 matched with the first arc-shaped groove 12 is arranged in the second arc-shaped embracing device 2, a second guide hole 23 matched with the first guide hole 15 is arranged at the bottom of the second arc-shaped groove 22, and the first arc-shaped groove 12 and the second arc-shaped groove 22 are oppositely arranged to form a spherical structure; preferably, the sliding grooves 14 are formed in two sides of the bottom of the cavity 11, the sliding rails 21 matched with the sliding grooves 14 are formed in the bottom of the second arc-shaped encircling device 2, and the sliding rails 21 are slidably connected in the sliding grooves 14, so that the interference of the residual femoral neck of the in-vitro femoral head on the placing position of the femoral head is eliminated, and the femoral head can be fixed at any angle; preferably, the inner surfaces of the first arc-shaped groove 12 and the second arc-shaped groove 22 are both provided with a toothed anti-slip structure, so that the phenomenon that the femoral head slips in the material drawing process can be avoided, and the femoral head can be more firmly fixed;
an adjusting hole 13 is formed in the outer wall of the other side of the cavity 11, an adjusting rod 3 is arranged in the adjusting hole 13, and the adjusting rod 3 penetrates through the adjusting hole 13 and is detachably connected with the second arc-shaped embracing device 2; preferably, the adjusting rod 3 is a threaded rod, the adjusting hole 13 is a threaded hole, and the threaded rod is screwed in the threaded hole; the movable second arc-shaped embracing fixator 2 is adjusted through a threaded rod, the distance between the first arc-shaped groove 12 and the second arc-shaped groove 22 is changed and locked, and the isolated femoral head is stably fixed;
the top of the first arc-shaped embracing device 1 is provided with a bone drill navigation device 4, a matched cutting device 5 is arranged in the bone drill navigation device 4, and the cutting device 5 is an orthopedic trephine or a high-pressure water jet cutter;
the bone drill navigation device 4 comprises a sleeve navigator 41 and an arc-shaped arm 42; preferably, the arc-shaped arm 42 is similar to a C-shaped structure, the arc-shaped arm 42 is detachably connected to the top end of the first arc-shaped embracing device 1, preferably, a clamping groove 16 is formed in the first arc-shaped embracing device 1, the clamping groove 16 is formed in the outer side of one end, close to the first arc-shaped groove 12, of the first arc-shaped embracing device 1, one end of the arc-shaped arm 42 is detachably embedded into the clamping groove 16, the other end of the arc-shaped arm 42 is suspended relative to the first arc-shaped embracing device 1, the first arc-shaped embracing device 1 and the arc-shaped arm 42 can be detachably mounted, and a femoral head can be conveniently placed; the arc-shaped arm 42 is provided with a hollow guide groove 421, the guide groove 421 is internally provided with a sleeve navigator 41, the cutting device 5 is detachably arranged in the sleeve navigator 41, the sleeve navigator 41 is slidably arranged in the guide groove 421, preferably, the guide groove 421 is arranged at the middle part of the arc-shaped arm 42, a plurality of limiting grooves 422 which are uniformly distributed are arranged outside the two sides of the guide groove 421, namely, a plurality of sets of semi-hollow limiting grooves 422 are arranged in parallel at different positions outside the two sides of the guiding groove 421, preferably, the range of the limiting groove 422 arranged on the arc-shaped arm 42 is-60 degrees to 0 degrees, the limiting protrusions 411 matched with the limiting grooves 422 are arranged outside the two sides of the sleeve navigator 41, the limiting protrusions 411 are detachably connected with the limiting grooves 422, the outer diameter of the sleeve navigator 41 can just penetrate through the hollow guiding groove 421, the limiting protrusions 411 outside the two sides of the sleeve navigator 41 are embedded into the semi-hollow limiting grooves 422 at different positions between-60 degrees and 0 degrees for fixing; the sleeve navigator 41 can also form an axis structure after the limiting protrusion 411 is embedded into the limiting groove 422, the limiting protrusion 411 can swing at a certain angle as an axis, the sampling angle is changed, and the device can realize sampling of an isolated femoral head specimen on any axis of a three-dimensional space in combination with directional placement during femoral head fixation.
The invention provides a femoral head total bone pathology material drawing device, which comprises a first arc-shaped embracing device 2, a second arc-shaped embracing device 2, a first arc-shaped groove 12, a second arc-shaped groove 22, a sleeve navigator 41, a first arc-shaped arm 42, a second arc-shaped groove 13, a regulating rod 3, a regulating hole 13, a sleeve navigator and a second arc-shaped groove 22, wherein the first arc-shaped groove 14 is arranged in the first arc-shaped embracing device 1; the drill tip of the orthopaedic ring is arranged in the sleeve navigator 41 and connected with a power device; starting a power device, and drilling a full-layer bone tissue specimen of femoral head cartilage, subchondral bone, a necrotic area and normal cancellous bone under the navigation of the sleeve navigator 41; pushing out the whole bone by using a reserved hole channel of a fine needle of the orthopaedic trephine and preserving the whole bone tissue specimen by adopting a proper method.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the width dimension of the arc-shaped arm 42 is smaller than the width dimension of the first arc-shaped embracing device 1, so as to be convenient for matching with the first arc-shaped embracing device 1.
Femoral head necrosis is a common disease in the orthopedic field, and the pathogenesis of the femoral head necrosis is unclear, but the femoral head necrosis is closely related to factors such as large-dose glucocorticoid use, excessive drinking, trauma and the like. In order to clinically research the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis, corresponding basic research is often carried out on the parts of the femoral head with necrosis, such as cartilage, subchondral bone, necrotic areas, normal bone and the like. According to preoperative imaging data, by using the device, femoral head cartilage, subchondral bone, necrotic areas and normal bone can be obtained at one time, the materials are completely obtained, the layers are clear, and respective research on necrotic areas, perinecrotic areas and normal bone of femoral head necrosis is facilitated.
The invention provides a pathologic sampling device for total bone tissue of femoral head, which can shorten the sampling time of the total bone tissue of femoral head, reduce the degradation of protein \ nucleic acid and provide corresponding guarantee for the subsequent related molecular biology experiments;
the first arc-shaped embracing device 1, the second arc-shaped embracing device 2 and the adjusting rod 3 are matched to realize the stable fixation of the in-vitro femoral head, so that the sample pollution or personnel accidental injury caused by the unstable fixation of the femoral head in the traditional femoral head method is reduced; guiding by using a bone drill navigation device 4 with adjustable position and angle, and acquiring a full-thickness bone tissue sample of the interested region as required according to preoperative imaging data X-ray, CT and MRI; the method can accurately and completely obtain the full-thickness bone tissue including cartilage, subchondral bone and cancellous bone, and provides bone tissue samples with regular shapes for subsequent histological research of bone tissues in different areas;
the arc-shaped arm 42 avoids the phenomenon of fragment splashing in the traditional femoral head bone tissue material drawing process, and greatly reduces the possibility of pollution to normal operation caused by bone tissue material drawing;
the cutting device can be used by matching with the existing surgical instruments, the surgical instruments with different inner diameters or materials are selected according to actual requirements, and the cutting device 5 can be replaced by a high-pressure water jet cutter and other devices when necessary.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A pathologic sampling device for the whole bone of the femoral head is characterized by comprising a first arc-shaped embracing device (1), a second arc-shaped embracing device (2), an adjusting rod (3), a bone drill navigation device (4) and a cutting device (5);
a cavity (11) is arranged in the first arc-shaped embracing device (1), a first arc-shaped groove (12) is arranged on one side of the cavity (11), and a first guide hole (15) is arranged at the bottom of the first arc-shaped groove (12);
a second arc-shaped embracing device (2) matched with the cavity (11) is slidably connected in the cavity, a second arc-shaped groove (22) matched with the first arc-shaped groove (12) is formed in the second arc-shaped embracing device (2), a second guide hole (23) matched with the first guide hole (15) is formed in the bottom of the second arc-shaped groove (22), and the first arc-shaped groove (12) and the second arc-shaped groove (22) are arranged in opposite directions;
an adjusting hole (13) is formed in the outer wall of the other side of the cavity (11), an adjusting rod (3) is arranged in the adjusting hole (13), and the adjusting rod (3) penetrates through the adjusting hole (13) and is detachably connected with the second arc-shaped embracing device (2);
a bone drill navigation device (4) is arranged at the top of the first arc-shaped embracing device (1), and a cutting device (5) matched with the bone drill navigation device is arranged in the bone drill navigation device (4);
the bone drill navigation device (4) comprises a sleeve navigator (41) and an arc-shaped arm (42); first arc encircles ware (1) top and can dismantle and be connected with arc arm (42), be equipped with guide way (421) on arc arm (42), be equipped with sleeve navigator (41) in guide way (421), cutting device (5) detachable sets up in sleeve navigator (41), sleeve navigator (41) sliding connection's setting is at guide way (421), guide way (421) both sides are equipped with a plurality of evenly distributed's spacing groove (422) outward, sleeve navigator (41) both sides are equipped with outward spacing arch (411) with spacing groove (422) matched with, spacing arch (411) can be dismantled with spacing groove (422) and be connected.
2. The femoral head total bone pathology sampling device of claim 1, wherein the limiting groove (422) is provided on the arc-shaped arm (42) in the range of-60 ° to 0 °.
3. The femoral head total bone pathology material drawing device of claim 1, characterized in that, the guide groove (421) is arranged at the middle part of the arc-shaped arm (42).
4. The femoral head total bone pathological material drawing device according to claim 1, wherein sliding grooves (14) are formed in two sides of the bottom of the cavity (11), a sliding rail (21) matched with the sliding grooves (14) is formed in the bottom of the second arc-shaped encircling device (2), and the sliding rail (21) is slidably connected with the sliding grooves (14).
5. The femoral head total bone pathology material drawing device of claim 1, characterized in that, the regulation pole (3) is a threaded rod, the regulation hole (13) is a threaded hole, and the threaded rod is screwed in the threaded hole.
6. The femoral head total bone pathology material drawing device of claim 1, wherein the inner surfaces of the first arc-shaped groove (12) and the second arc-shaped groove (22) are provided with toothed anti-slip structures.
7. The femoral head total bone pathological material drawing device according to claim 1, wherein the first arc-shaped embracing device (1) is provided with a clamping groove (16), the clamping groove (16) is arranged on the outer side of one end of the first arc-shaped embracing device (1) close to the first arc-shaped groove (12), and one end of the arc-shaped arm (42) is detachably embedded into the clamping groove (16).
8. The femoral head total bone pathology sampling device of claim 1, characterized in that the width dimension of the arc-shaped arm (42) is smaller than the width dimension of the first arc-shaped embracing fixator (1).
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| CN202011110488.5A CN112155650B (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Pathologic sampling device for whole bone of femoral head |
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| CN202011110488.5A CN112155650B (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Pathologic sampling device for whole bone of femoral head |
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| CN201673068U (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-12-15 | 王全义 | Bone tumor pathological specimen sampler |
| CN204468146U (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-07-15 | 宫毅 | CT guides light beam localized biopsy sting device |
| CN109199568A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-15 | 张云峰 | A kind of orthopedic nail extractor convenient for taking out broken nail |
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