CN112152526B - Pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method for intelligent automobile generator - Google Patents
Pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method for intelligent automobile generator Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
Abstract
The utility model provides an energy-conserving control method of intelligence car generator pre-excitation current rotational speed response, belongs to the advanced manufacturing technology field of car generator, is applied to car electronic control system, and electronic control system includes engine crankshaft speed sensor and electric control unit ECU, and its special character lies in still including: an electronic control unit ECU monitors signals of a crankshaft rotation speed sensor to calculate a generator rotation speed value Valt; when Valt is lower than a first rotating speed value V1, the ECU judges that the starting working condition controls the exciting current to be 0 through the voltage regulator of the generator; when Valt is higher than a first rotating speed value V1, the ECU determines that the starting is successful, and controls the exciting current to be a first exciting current value I1 through the voltage regulator; when Valt is higher than a first rotating speed value V1 and lower than a second rotating speed value V2 (V2 is larger than V1), the ECU controls the exciting current to adjust an equivalent value I2 in real time through the voltage regulator; so as to close unnecessary excitation energy consumption and optimize generator control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced manufacturing of automobile generators, and particularly relates to an intelligent energy-saving control method for pre-excitation current rotating speed response of an automobile generator.
Background
With technological advances, particularly the development of the automotive industry, automobiles have become essential vehicles for social production and people's lives. The generator in the automobile is used as a main electromechanical energy device in the automobile, and because the generator needs to bear the requirements of large load and long-time continuous work, how to efficiently save energy, reduce temperature rise, improve operation reliability and prolong service life of the generator becomes an important technical factor of the generator of the automobile.
The existing automobile engine is mostly an excitation type generator without permanent magnet, the automobile generator can run for power generation from the stop, a rotor winding needs to be electrified and excited, the excitation starts to consume the electric energy of a storage battery when the engine starts, and the excitation current is directly switched on to reach the current value of 4-6A, because the existing automobile generator is provided with larger output power for a vehicle-mounted electronic system, the excitation power of the generator is increased, the direct-current resistance of the excitation winding is very small, the direct-current resistance of the excitation winding of a 120A12V generator is generally 2.0-1.0 omega, and the maximum excitation current can reach more than 6-10A under the power supply of a 12.6V storage battery. As shown in fig. 1, the time axis is t, the ordinate I is the exciting current, fig. 1 shows the variation curve of the exciting current of a certain generator, at this stage, the exciting current is expected to reach a large value (4000 mA), and due to the internal resistance of the storage battery, the amount of stored energy of the storage battery, the excitation magnetic resistance of the generator during the starting period, and other factors, the power generation excitation resistance and the power consumption during the starting period are very bad for the successful starting of the engine.
The excitation current control during the starting period of the automobile generator in the prior art is divided into four types, one type is that an early single-function voltage regulator is used, the pre-excitation current is provided by a charging indicator lamp, the application of the low-end regulator on a small-sized vehicle is less at present, the waveform of the excitation control current is shown in figure 3, the pre-excitation stage is excited by the charging indicator lamp, the current is about 160mA, the generator starts to generate electricity when running, the voltage of the output voltage of the generator on the rectifying output end of an excitation diode, namely a D + terminal, is increased along with the increase of the rotating speed, the generator enters a positive feedback stage, when the average output voltage of the generator reaches a set value after the generator generates electricity, the generator enters a voltage regulation stage quickly, and the excitation waveform generates pulses. The second is that as long as the ignition switch of the automobile engine is turned on, the excitation current reaches about 4A (taking 12V as an example), and the excitation resistance is large. As shown in fig. 1, the time axis is t, the ordinate I is the exciting current, fig. 1 shows the variation curve of the exciting current of a certain generator, at this stage, the exciting current is expected to reach a large value (4000 mA), at the third stage, the pre-exciting current is controlled by duty ratio, which is divided into two types, (1): 22-32% pre-exciting duty ratio, at this time, the pre-exciting current reaches 0.8-1.5A, as shown in fig. 2, the exciting current appears in a pulse form at the pre-exciting stage, although the pre-exciting current is reduced compared with the second phase, the low-speed stage still has an invalid power generation period, consumes energy, increases the unsmooth factor of the operation at the low-speed stage, and after the engine is started successfully, the normal voltage regulation occurs until the power generation state is reached. (2) 12-18% pre-excitation duty ratio, the pre-excitation current reaches 0.3-0.8A, the electric energy of the storage battery is consumed during the starting period, namely, as long as the automobile key is opened, the generator rotor winding is electrified even if the engine is not started, unnecessary consumption is caused, electromagnetic resistance moment still exists during the starting, the intelligent control is insufficient, the control precision is low, and the optimization and the cooperation of a whole automobile power electronic system are not facilitated. And the fourth method is that under the condition that the excitation current of the indicator light of the generator is insufficient, the generator regulator of some vehicle types adopts a remedial design, a power supplementing circuit is designed, when the regulator is activated by a terminal or an indicator light, the situation that the pre-excitation current is insufficient through an additionally arranged power supplementing path occurs, generally, the pre-excitation current is supplemented to the single-function regulator, the waveform of the excitation current is as shown in figure 4, and if the power supplementing circuit is not available, the excitation current in the pre-excitation state is very low, for example, 80mA in figure 4, and the generator cannot be normally activated to enter the self-excitation regulation state. Under the condition of power supplement, the pre-excitation current reaches 200mA, the generator rapidly enters a positive feedback stage, the output voltage of the generator rapidly reaches a set value, and then the generator enters a mediation stage. The method also has the problems of electromagnetic resistance moment during starting, insufficient intelligent control, low control precision and unfavorable optimization and cooperation of the whole vehicle power electronic system.
Therefore, there is a need for the creative development of advanced automobile generators capable of overcoming all or part of the above technical drawbacks, in order to achieve better performance and better control accuracy and efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the technical requirements of advanced automobile manufacturing industry, the automobile generator can output intelligently, energy-saving and high-efficiency, reduce heating, improve operation reliability and prolong service life, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide an intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method which is applied to an automobile with an electronic control system, wherein the electronic control system comprises an engine crankshaft rotating speed sensor and an electronic control unit ECU, and the intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method is characterized by also comprising the following steps:
an electronic control unit ECU monitors signals of an engine crankshaft rotating speed sensor of the automobile, acquires real-time rotating speed signals of the engine crankshaft, and calculates a generator rotating speed value according to the ratio relation between the engine crankshaft rotating speed Vcr and the generator rotating speed Valt of the automobile, wherein the engine crankshaft pulley diameter and the automobile generator pulley diameter are in the design parameters of the automobile;
when the rotating speed Valt of the automobile generator is calculated to be lower than a first rotating speed value V1, the electronic control unit ECU judges the starting working condition and outputs a first signal to control the exciting current to be 0 through a generator voltage regulator so as to close the excitation energy consumption in the low-speed starting process;
when the rotating speed of the automobile generator is calculated to be higher than the first rotating speed value V1 but lower than a second rotating speed value V2, the electronic control unit ECU judges that the starting is successful and outputs a second signal to control the exciting current to be a first exciting current value I1 through a generator voltage regulator;
when the rotating speed of the automobile generator is higher than a second rotating speed value V2 and V2 is larger than V1, the electronic control unit ECU outputs a second signal to control exciting current to adjust an equivalent value I2 in real time through a generator voltage regulator;
the first excitation current value I1 is an excitation cut-in value and is used for providing necessary excitation current for an excitation winding to wake up an excitation magnetic field, and the first rotating speed value V1 is a wake-up excitation cut-in rotating speed; the second rotating speed value V2 is the fully-adjusted excitation cut-in rotating speed.
Furthermore, a plurality of excitation current values with intermediate values, which are gradually increased from V1 to V2 in a step mode, are configured between the first rotating speed value V1 and the second rotating speed value V2, and the excitation current values are used for flexibly optimizing the resistance torque response of the generator.
Further, the first rotating speed value V1 is more than or equal to 1000RPM.
Further, the generator voltage regulator also monitors the phase signal voltage Ps of the stator winding of the generator in real time, and identifies that when the rotating speed equivalent value of the phase signal voltage Ps reaches the first rotating speed value V1 and a second signal output by the electronic control unit ECU is abnormal and lacked, the generator voltage regulator controls the exciting current to be the real-time regulating equivalent value I2.
Further, lin signals are adopted between the electronic control unit ECU and the generator voltage regulator to transmit data.
Further, a hall current sensor is sleeved on an anode post insulating support of the automobile generator and used for detecting the output current of the anode post of the generator, the hall current sensor transmits a signal to the voltage regulator, and when the output current of the anode post of the generator reflected by the hall current sensor is larger than a safety value, the voltage regulator controls the excitation current to be reduced to the first excitation current value I1 so as to maintain the current safety of the generator not to exceed the limit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ECU and the excitation winding are used for carrying out accurate excitation signal configuration, and pre-excitation current intelligent control is adopted, so that on one hand, the invalid excitation loss is reduced, on the other hand, the temperature rise of a power device is reduced, the thermal load of a voltage regulator of the generator is reduced, the effect is improved, the high-efficiency cooperation of the intelligent integrated control degree of the whole automobile is facilitated, and the technical requirement of a high-precision control system in the field of automobile intelligent control is met.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a prior art fully excited pre-excitation current waveform schematic,
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art duty cycle pre-excitation current waveform,
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a pre-excitation current waveform directly provided by a charging indicator lamp of the prior art,
figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary power-on pre-excitation current waveform of a charging indicator light wake-up in the prior art,
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an excitation current waveform using an intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current speed response energy-saving control method according to an embodiment of the present invention,
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a generator control system using an intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to meet the technical requirements of advanced automobile manufacturing industry, enable an automobile generator to be capable of intelligently, energy-saving and efficiently outputting, reducing heating, improving operation reliability and prolonging service life, the technical scheme of the invention provides an intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method which is applied to an automobile with an electronic control system. In the conventional automobile generator, a certain value of pre-excitation current is generally adopted to provide excitation for a self-generator, the excitation current becomes running resistance as the generator is driven, during the starting period of the generator, the resistance load of the starter is heavy, the fluctuation of the rotating speed is large in the stage before the successful starting, and the resistance moment generated by the generator under the excitation of the pre-excitation current increases the burden of the starter. According to the defects, in order to optimize the generator pre-excitation method, the Electronic control system set forth in the embodiment includes an engine Crankshaft rotation speed sensor (CKP-crank shock position sensor) and an Electronic control unit ECU (Electronic control unit), and the technical scheme of the embodiment further includes, with reference to fig. 5 and 6: an electronic control unit ECU (shown as 200 in figure 6) monitors signals of an engine crankshaft rotating speed sensor of an automobile according to CKP (shown as 100 in figure 6), obtains real-time rotating speed signals of an engine crankshaft, and obtains the ratio relation between the engine crankshaft rotating speed Vcr and the automobile generator rotating speed Valt according to the diameter of an engine crankshaft pulley and the diameter of an automobile generator pulley in design parameters of the automobile to calculate the rotating speed value of a generator; when the ignition switch K1 is switched on but the engine is not started, the crankshaft stops rotating, CKP has no rotating speed signal, and the exciting current is designed as follows: before the time t1, when the rotating speed Valt of the automobile generator is calculated to be lower than a first rotating speed value V1 (for example, set as 950 RPM), wherein the period comprises that the engine is not operated and also comprises the period that the engine is in a starting stage but the starting rotating speed of the engine is low, the electronic control unit ECU judges the starting working condition according to the rotating speed and outputs a first signal to control the exciting current of an excitation winding L1 of the generator (ALT) to be 0 through a generator voltage regulator REG (300 shown in figure 6) so as to close the excitation energy consumption in the low-speed starting process, improve the starting performance, reduce the unnecessary pre-excitation resistance moment, reduce the power consumption of a storage battery and enable the effective energy during the starting to be used for starting the engine as much as possible.
When the rotation speed of a Valt of an automobile generator is calculated to be higher than a first rotation speed value V1 but lower than a second rotation speed value V2 according to the ratio of Vcr and Valt, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) judges that the starting is successful and outputs a second signal at the time of t1, the signal controls exciting current to be a first exciting current value I1 through a generator voltage regulator (if the duty ratio is set to be 10%, the exciting current is about 300 mA), and the value can be set according to the design parameters of the generator, such as the number of poles, the gap of stator and rotor magnetic poles, the number of turns of a rotor winding, the direct current resistance value and the like, so that the excitation reliability and the energy saving are ensured.
With the further increase of the rotation speed of the generator, when the rotation speed of the automobile generator is calculated to be higher than a second rotation speed value V2 (V2 is larger than V1, such as 1600 RPM), the electronic control unit ECU outputs a second signal to control the exciting current to adjust an equivalent value I2 in real time through the generator voltage regulator, the second signal enables the generator to exit the limitation of duty ratio excitation controlled by the first signal, therefore, the rotation speed of the generator at the moment is already increased to be higher than the higher value V2, the engine already starts to successfully turn to the operating condition of idling or above the idling rotation speed from starting, and under the condition that the engine has the capability of outputting larger mechanical power to drive various power loads, the generator is quickly separated from the initial control state in which the exciting current is limited, and is quickly turned to the normal generation adjustment state, the exciting duty ratio at the moment is completely controlled by the output voltage of the generator in a feedback mode, and the exciting duty ratio is allowed to be adjusted between 0 and 100% according to the output voltage of the generator. The first excitation current value I1 is called as an excitation cut-in value and is used for providing necessary excitation current for the excitation winding to wake up an excitation magnetic field, and the first rotating speed value V1 is a wake-up excitation cut-in rotating speed; the second rotation speed value V2 is the "fully-adjusted excitation cut-in rotation speed". By means of the detailed optimization and improvement design of the generator exciting current control method for the starting period before the engine reaches normal operation and the transition period from starting to stable operation, the control of the generator exciting current is more suitable for the real-time working condition of the engine, the successful starting and stable operation of the engine are facilitated, the electric power is saved, the service life of the starter is prolonged, and the optimal control of the generator is facilitated.
Further, on the basis of the various intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control methods, a plurality of exciting current values with intermediate values, which are gradually increased from V1 to V2, can be configured between the first rotating speed value V1 and the second rotating speed value V2, so that the exciting current values are used for flexibly optimizing the resistance torque response of the generator, for example, the resistance torque response can be divided into 16 duty ratio steps, so that the resistance torque is smooth and soft correspondingly, the ECU can calculate duty ratio data between V1 and V2 according to CKP, and transmit the data to the generator regulator, so that the regulator completes smooth excitation control.
Preferably, the first rotating speed value is V1 ≧ 1000RPM according to the vehicle type generator parameter characteristics, and is selected as 1050RPM.
Further optimally, on the basis of the intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method, the generator voltage regulator also monitors the phase signal voltage Ps of the generator stator winding in real time, and identifies that the rotating speed equivalent value of the phase signal voltage Ps reaches the first rotating speed value V1, and when the second signal output by the electronic control unit ECU is abnormal and lacked, the generator voltage regulator controls the excitation current to be the real-time regulation equivalent value I2, so that the normal power generation regulation of the generator is sequentially ensured, the signal failure protection is realized, and the reliability is improved.
The electronic control unit ECU and the generator voltage regulator can adopt duty ratio signals for transmission and can also adopt Lin signals for data transmission.
Example 2
On the basis of the intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method set forth in embodiment 1, the embodiment also provides a technical scheme with a current-limiting protection function, specifically, a hall current sensor is sleeved on an anode post insulating support of the automobile generator and used for detecting the output current of the anode post of the generator, the hall current sensor transmits a signal to the voltage regulator, and when the output current of the anode post of the generator reflected by the hall current sensor is greater than a safety value, the voltage regulator controls the excitation current to be reduced to a first excitation current value I1 so as to maintain the current safety of the generator not to exceed the limit.
The embodiment of the invention can be read, and the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the ECU and the excitation winding are used for carrying out accurate excitation signal configuration, and pre-excitation current intelligent control is adopted, so that on one hand, the invalid excitation loss is reduced, on the other hand, the temperature rise of a power device is reduced, the thermal load of a voltage regulator of the generator is reduced, the effect is improved, the high-efficiency cooperation of the intelligent integrated control degree of the whole automobile is facilitated, and the technical requirement of a high-precision control system in the field of automobile intelligent control is met.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in the following examples, which are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the embodiments obtained by other various forms or other combinations obtained by equivalent substitution and non-inventive work fall within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an energy-conserving control method of intelligence car generator pre-excitation current rotational speed response, is applied to the car that has electronic control system, electronic control system includes engine crankshaft speed sensor and electric control unit ECU, its characterized in that still includes:
an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) monitors signals of an engine crankshaft rotation speed sensor of the automobile, acquires real-time rotation speed signals of the engine crankshaft, and calculates a generator rotation speed value according to the ratio relation between the engine crankshaft pulley diameter and the automobile generator pulley diameter in the design parameters of the automobile, and the engine crankshaft rotation speed Vcr and the automobile generator rotation speed Valt;
when the rotating speed Valt of the automobile generator is calculated to be lower than a first rotating speed value V1, the electronic control unit ECU judges the starting working condition and outputs a first signal to control the exciting current to be 0 through a generator voltage regulator so as to close the excitation energy consumption in the low-speed starting process;
when the rotating speed of the automobile generator is calculated to be higher than the first rotating speed value V1 but lower than a second rotating speed value V2, the electronic control unit ECU judges that the starting is successful and outputs a second signal to control the exciting current to be a first exciting current value I1 through a generator voltage regulator;
when the rotating speed of the automobile generator is calculated to be higher than a second rotating speed value V2, and V2 is larger than V1, the electronic control unit ECU outputs a second signal to control the exciting current to be a real-time regulation equivalent value I2 through a generator voltage regulator;
the first excitation current value I1 is an excitation cut-in value and is used for providing necessary excitation current for an excitation winding to wake up an excitation magnetic field, and the first rotating speed value V1 is a wake-up excitation cut-in rotating speed; the second rotating speed value V2 is the completely-adjusted excitation cut-in rotating speed;
and a plurality of excitation current values with intermediate values gradually increased from V1 to V2 are configured between the first rotating speed value V1 and the second rotating speed value V2, and are used for flexibly optimizing the resistance torque response of the generator.
2. The intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first rotating speed value V1 is greater than or equal to 1000RPM.
3. The intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method according to claim 1, wherein the generator voltage regulator further monitors a phase signal voltage Ps of a generator stator winding in real time, and identifies that when a rotating speed equivalent value of the phase signal voltage Ps reaches the first rotating speed value V1, the generator voltage regulator controls excitation current to be the real-time regulated equivalent value I2 when a second signal output by the electronic control unit ECU is abnormally absent.
4. The intelligent automobile generator pre-excitation current rotating speed response energy-saving control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein Lin signals are adopted between the electronic control unit ECU and the generator voltage regulator to transmit data.
5. The intelligent energy-saving control method for pre-excitation current rotating speed response of the automobile generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a hall current sensor is sleeved on an anode post insulating support of the automobile generator and used for detecting the output current of the anode post of the generator, the hall current sensor transmits a signal to the voltage regulator, and when the output current of the anode post of the generator, which is reflected by the hall current sensor, is greater than a safety value, the voltage regulator controls the excitation current to be reduced to the first excitation current value I1 so as to maintain the current safety of the generator not to exceed the limit.
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