CN112151000B - Basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112151000B CN112151000B CN202011108017.0A CN202011108017A CN112151000B CN 112151000 B CN112151000 B CN 112151000B CN 202011108017 A CN202011108017 A CN 202011108017A CN 112151000 B CN112151000 B CN 112151000B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
- G10K11/165—Particles in a matrix
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Abstract
The invention discloses a basalt fiber optimized sound-absorbing hole structural material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of adding processed basalt fibers into a pore-forming agent material to prepare a spherical fiber composite material as a pore-forming agent, or preparing basalt fibers with known urea particles with surface adhesion processed into pore-forming particles, uniformly mixing and pressing the particles and a matrix material, and removing the pore-forming material with high temperature and easy decomposition to form holes with basalt fibers dispersed therein by high temperature vacuum sintering. The invention strengthens the inner hole of the porous material, and increases the specific surface area of the inner hole by using the fiber with larger specific surface area under the condition of not reducing the porosity of the foam metal, thereby achieving the effects of enhancing sound absorption, having small investment, simple process and obvious optimization effect of the inner matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of porous materials, and particularly relates to a basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A porous material is a material that forms a network structure with interconnected or closed pores, the boundaries or surfaces of which are formed by struts or plates. Typical pore structures are a two-dimensional structure formed by a large number of polygonal pores gathered on a plane; known as "honeycomb" materials due to their hexagonal structure, which resembles cells in shape; more commonly, three-dimensional structures are formed by the spatial concentration of a multitude of polyhedral shaped voids, commonly referred to as "foam" materials. If the solids that make up the holes are present only at the boundaries of the holes (i.e., the holes are open), then they are referred to as open cells; if the void surfaces are also solid, i.e., each void is completely separated from surrounding voids, it is referred to as closed cells; while some holes are semi-open and semi-closed.
Porous materials can be classified into two main types, metal and nonmetal, and can be subdivided into 3 different types, namely porous ceramic materials, high-molecular porous materials and porous metal materials. The porous metal material is also called foam metal, and is used as a structural material, and has the characteristics of small density, high porosity, large specific surface area and the like; as a functional material, it has various properties such as porous, vibration damping, sound absorption, sound insulation, heat dissipation, impact energy absorption, electromagnetic shielding, etc. In addition, the porous metal material often has the dual functions of a structural material and a functional material, and is a multipurpose material with excellent performance. In recent years, porous metal materials have been widely used in national economy departments such as gold treatment, petroleum, chemical industry, textile, medicine, brewing and the like, national defense and military departments and the like.
The existing porous metal materials often cause reduction of internal porosity in order to improve strength, and influence the sound absorption efficiency of the materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the basalt fiber optimized sound-absorbing hole structural material and the preparation method thereof are provided, and the porous material with high hole strength, good sound-absorbing effect, simple process, high production efficiency, few matched equipment and low production cost is prepared.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the basalt fiber optimized sound absorbing hole structural material has holes in unordered arrangement and basalt fibers dispersed in the holes.
Further, one end of basalt fiber is embedded in the matrix, and the other end is dispersed in the holes; or the two ends of basalt fiber are embedded in the matrix, and the rest is dispersed in the holes.
Further, the material matrix is a matrix formed by adopting aluminum powder through compression molding by a powder metallurgy method.
The preparation method of the basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking basalt fibers in an acidic or alkaline salt solution for 25-35min, drying and cutting into small sections to obtain treated basalt fibers;
s2, coating an adhesive on the surface of the pore-forming agent, adding the basalt fiber treated in the step S1, uniformly mixing to prepare spherical particles, and drying to obtain the treated pore-forming agent with basalt fiber embedded therein;
s3, uniformly mixing the treated pore-forming agent obtained in the step S2 with the powdery matrix material;
s4, filling the mixture obtained in the step S3 into a mold for pressing to obtain a prefabricated sample;
s5, sintering the prefabricated sample obtained in the step S4 in vacuum at 550-600 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the composite material.
Further, in the step S1, basalt fibers are soaked in a 30-50wt% aluminum phosphate solution for 30min.
In step S2, urea and aluminum phosphate are mixed and stirred according to the volume ratio of 1:0.8-1.2, so that the surface of the pore-forming agent is uniformly coated with the adhesive.
Further, if all basalt fibers are immersed in the pore-forming agent, part of the surface layer of the pore-forming agent can be dissolved in the solution by using the pore-forming agent, so that the basalt fibers are fully exposed, and then the basalt fibers are dried.
Further, the powdery matrix material is aluminum powder; the treated pore-forming agent accounts for 50-60% of the total volume of the mixture.
Further, the increasing speed of the compressive stress in the pressing process is 0.25MPa/s, the maximum compressive stress is 350-500MPa, and when the maximum compressive stress is reached, the pressure maintaining time is 10-15min; too fast a mixing and pressing rate of the particles and the material can result in a larger elastic recovery at both ends of the pressed material, and the elastic recovery of the pressed material can be reduced by adopting the parameters.
Further, the pore-forming agent is a sphere with the diameter of 0.8-1.2mm, and is subjected to plastic deformation after being pressed.
Further, the length of the basalt fiber after treatment is more than or equal to the diameter of the spherical pore-forming agent.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention adds the treated basalt fiber into the material, thereby effectively increasing the compression strength of the material and enhancing the sound absorption effect.
1. In the invention, as the pore structure and the specific surface area of the foam aluminum alloy have direct influence on the sound absorption and noise reduction effects of the foam aluminum alloy, the smaller the pore diameter of the foam aluminum alloy is, the larger the specific surface area is, and the better the sound absorption and noise reduction effects are; the basalt fiber inlaid in the matrix is easy to drop due to the basalt fiber with the smooth surface, so that the basalt fiber with the smooth surface is treated by acidic or alkaline salt solution to obtain the basalt fiber with the rough surface, the basalt fiber can be prevented from dropping, and the sound absorption effect is enhanced;
2. according to the invention, the pore-forming agent urea surface is coated with adhesive such as aluminum phosphate and the like, and the treated basalt fiber is adhered to the urea particle surface so as not to fall off easily, so that the basalt fiber is embedded in a matrix so as not to fall off easily, the strength of the holes in the material is enhanced, and the sound absorption efficiency is improved;
3. in the invention, the basalt fiber is too long, so that the basalt fiber is less in contact with the inner wall of the hole, and the processed basalt fiber is sheared into the basalt fiber with the length smaller than the diameter of the spherical pore-forming agent, so that the surface area of the inner wall of the hole can be increased, the intensity of the hole in the material is enhanced, and the sound absorption efficiency of the material is improved;
4. according to the invention, basalt fibers are added into the material, and the fibers with larger specific surface area are utilized to increase the specific surface area of the inner hole under the condition that the porosity in the hole is not reduced, so that the sound absorption effect is improved;
5. according to the invention, the pore-forming particles and the matrix material are uniformly mixed, so that the pore-forming particles are mutually communicated and uniformly distributed in the matrix material, the compression strength of the material is uniform, and the uneven compression strength of the material caused by uneven hole distribution is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a basalt fiber filled hole pattern;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the foamed aluminum before and after strengthening the inner holes of basalt fibers;
the marks in the figure: 1-hole and 2-basalt fiber.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the invention, i.e., the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
According to the basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material provided by the preferred embodiment of the invention, holes which are arranged in a disordered manner are uniformly distributed on a material matrix, and basalt fibers are dispersed in the holes.
One end of basalt fiber is embedded in the matrix, and the other end of basalt fiber is dispersed in the holes; or the two ends of basalt fiber are embedded in the matrix, and the rest is dispersed in the holes.
Wherein, the material matrix is a matrix formed by adopting aluminum powder through pressing by a powder metallurgy method.
The preparation method of the basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material comprises the following specific steps:
s1, soaking basalt fibers in 40wt% of aluminum phosphate for 30min, drying and shearing the basalt fibers into small sections with the fiber length being more than or equal to the diameter of a spherical pore-forming agent, so as to obtain treated basalt fibers;
s2, mixing urea and aluminum phosphate according to a volume ratio of 1:1, coating aluminum phosphate on the surface of the mixture, adding the basalt fiber treated in the step S1, uniformly mixing the basalt fiber, preparing spherical particles, and drying to obtain a treated pore-forming agent with basalt fiber embedded therein;
s3, uniformly mixing the treated pore-forming agent obtained in the step S2 with aluminum powder, wherein the treated pore-forming agent accounts for 60% of the volume of the mixture;
s4, filling the mixture obtained in the step S3 into a mold for pressing to obtain a prefabricated sample; the increasing speed of the compressive stress in the pressing process is 0.25MPa/s, the maximum compressive stress is 500MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10min when the maximum compressive stress is reached.
S5, sintering the prefabricated sample obtained in the step S4 in vacuum at 550 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the composite material.
Example 2
According to the basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material provided by the preferred embodiment of the invention, holes which are arranged in a disordered manner are uniformly distributed on a material matrix, and basalt fibers are dispersed in the holes.
One end of basalt fiber is embedded in the matrix, and the other end of basalt fiber is dispersed in the holes; or the two ends of basalt fiber are embedded in the matrix, and the rest is dispersed in the holes.
Wherein, the material matrix is a matrix formed by adopting aluminum powder through pressing by a powder metallurgy method.
The preparation method of the basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material comprises the following specific steps:
s1, soaking basalt fibers in 30wt% of aluminum phosphate for 25min, drying and shearing the basalt fibers into small sections with the fiber length being more than or equal to the diameter of a spherical pore-forming agent, so as to obtain treated basalt fibers;
s2, mixing urea and aluminum phosphate according to a volume ratio of 1:1, coating an adhesive on the surface of the mixture, adding the basalt fiber treated in the step S1, uniformly mixing the basalt fiber, preparing spherical particles, and drying to obtain a treated pore-forming agent with basalt fiber embedded therein;
s3, uniformly mixing the treated pore-forming agent obtained in the step S2 with aluminum powder, wherein the treated pore-forming agent accounts for 50% of the volume of the mixture;
s4, filling the mixture obtained in the step S3 into a mold for pressing to obtain a prefabricated sample; the increasing speed of the compressive stress in the pressing process is 0.25MPa/s, the maximum compressive stress is 450MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 12min when the maximum compressive stress is reached.
S5, sintering the prefabricated sample obtained in the step S4 in vacuum at 580 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the composite material.
Example 3
According to the basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material provided by the preferred embodiment of the invention, holes which are arranged in a disordered manner are uniformly distributed on a material matrix, and basalt fibers are dispersed in the holes.
One end of basalt fiber is embedded in the matrix, and the other end of basalt fiber is dispersed in the holes; or the two ends of basalt fiber are embedded in the matrix, and the rest is dispersed in the holes.
Wherein, the material matrix is a matrix formed by adopting aluminum powder through pressing by a powder metallurgy method.
The preparation method of the basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material comprises the following specific steps:
s1, soaking basalt fibers in 50wt% of aluminum phosphate for 35min, drying and shearing the basalt fibers into small sections with the fiber length being more than or equal to the diameter of a spherical pore-forming agent, so as to obtain treated basalt fibers;
s2, mixing urea and aluminum phosphate according to a volume ratio of 1:1, coating an adhesive on the surface of the mixture, adding the basalt fiber treated in the step S1, uniformly mixing the basalt fiber, preparing spherical particles, and drying to obtain a treated pore-forming agent with basalt fiber embedded therein;
s3, uniformly mixing the treated pore-forming agent obtained in the step S2 with aluminum powder, wherein the treated pore-forming agent accounts for 50% of the volume of the mixture;
s4, filling the mixture obtained in the step S3 into a mold for pressing to obtain a prefabricated sample; the increasing speed of the compressive stress in the pressing process is 0.25MPa/s, the maximum compressive stress is 400MPa, and the dwell time is 14min when the maximum compressive stress is reached.
S5, sintering the prefabricated sample obtained in the step S4 in vacuum at 600 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the composite material.
Experimental example
The foamed aluminum with 58% porosity prepared in example 1 was compared with basalt fiber before and after strengthening the inner hole, the diameter of the cylindrical sample was 20mm, the height was 22mm, and the foamed aluminum was prepared by a pressure tester at a ratio of 10 -3 Is subjected to a pressure-strain rate test. Reference standard: standard, ISO 13314:2011 (E), 2011.Mechanical Testing of Metals-Ductility Testing-Compression Test for Porous and Cellular metals Ref Number ISO 13314 (13314), results are shown in FIG. 3, and the mechanical properties of the reinforced product are obviously enhanced.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material is characterized in that holes which are arranged in a disordered manner are uniformly distributed on a material matrix, and basalt fibers are dispersed in the holes;
the preparation method of the basalt fiber optimized sound absorption hole structural material comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking basalt fibers in an acidic or alkaline salt solution for 25-35min, drying and cutting into small sections to obtain treated basalt fibers;
s2, coating an adhesive on the surface of the pore-forming agent, adding the basalt fiber treated in the step S1, uniformly mixing to prepare spherical particles, and drying to obtain the treated pore-forming agent with basalt fiber embedded therein;
s3, uniformly mixing the treated pore-forming agent obtained in the step S2 with the powdery matrix material;
s4, filling the mixture obtained in the step S3 into a mold for pressing to obtain a prefabricated sample;
s5, sintering the prefabricated sample obtained in the step S4 in vacuum at 550-600 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the composite material.
2. The basalt fiber-optimized sound absorbing hole structural material according to claim 1, wherein one end of the basalt fiber is embedded in the inside of the matrix, and the other end is dispersed in the holes; or the two ends of the basalt fiber are embedded in the matrix, and the rest is dispersed in the holes.
3. The basalt fiber-optimized sound absorbing hole structural material according to claim 1, wherein the material matrix is a matrix formed by pressing aluminum powder by a powder metallurgy method.
4. The basalt fiber optimized sound absorbing hole construction material according to claim 1, wherein basalt fiber is soaked in 30-50wt% aluminum phosphate solution for 30min in the step S1.
5. The basalt fiber-optimized sound-absorbing pore structure material according to claim 1, wherein urea and aluminum phosphate are mixed and stirred according to a volume ratio of 1:0.8-1.2 in the step S2, so that the surface of the pore-forming agent is uniformly coated with the adhesive.
6. The basalt fiber optimized sound absorbing hole structural material according to claim 1, wherein the powdery base material is aluminum powder; the treated pore-forming agent accounts for 50-60% of the total volume of the mixture.
7. The basalt fiber-optimized sound absorbing hole structural material according to claim 1, wherein the compressive stress increasing speed in the pressing process is 0.25MPa/s, the maximum compressive stress is 350-500MPa, and the dwell time is 10-15min when the maximum compressive stress is reached.
8. The basalt fiber optimized sound absorbing porous structure material of claim 1, wherein said pore former is a sphere with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm.
9. The basalt fiber-optimized sound absorbing hole structural material according to claim 8, wherein the length of the treated basalt fiber is equal to or greater than the diameter of the spherical pore former.
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