CN112150046A - Road intersection safety risk index calculation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a road intersection safety risk index calculation method, which comprises the following steps: establishing a simulation model of the road intersection in a VISSIM, performing a simulation experiment and outputting a track file; analyzing the track file in the SSAM to obtain a conflict statistical result, wherein the conflict statistical result comprises the following steps: measuring indexes of included angles and conflict attributes between the directions of the conflicting vehicles; dividing each conflict of the road intersection into conflict types according to different danger grades according to the included angle between the directions of the conflicting vehicles; calculating the conflict risk index of each conflict in each conflict type according to the conflict attribute measurement index; calculating the danger weight of each conflict type according to the value distribution of the conflict risk index of each conflict in each conflict type; and acquiring the safety risk index of the road intersection according to the danger weight of each conflict type and the statistical number of each conflict type.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of traffic safety, in particular to a safety risk assessment method for road intersections in a traffic network.
Background
In a traffic network, a large number of streamline intersections exist at road intersections, and the probability of traffic accidents is higher than that of other positions, so that great threats are caused to the safety and property of road users. In order to improve the safety performance of intersections, researchers have been working on improving the design schemes of intersections, such as roundabout and turbo intersection. The design schemes consider the improvement of the safety level in the design initial, and no unified and effective method is provided at present in the problem of how to compare the safety performance of different design schemes to screen out the optimal scheme. The existing method comprises the following steps: detecting deceleration behavior, counting collision points, counting the number of accidents, etc., all require a large amount of field data and the counting cost is large.
Safety comparison analysis is carried out on different intersection design schemes, and the method has great significance for promoting traffic safety. The safety performance difference of the intersection under different schemes can be known through comparison of different schemes, so that intersection designers are helped to perform safety evaluation on the intersection which is put into application or is ready to be put into application, the design scheme is optimized, and hazards caused by safety accidents of the intersection are reduced. The existing safety evaluation method is high in cost, safety level can only be roughly evaluated from a single angle, information on a microscopic level cannot be obtained, the relation between the obtained safety risk index and actual safety performance is not tight, and the reference value is not high. Therefore, how to provide a more precise and microscopic safety risk index calculation method for intersection safety level evaluation is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to provide a more precise and microscopic safety risk index calculation method for intersection safety level evaluation, and provides a road intersection safety risk index calculation method.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a road intersection safety risk index calculation method comprises the following steps:
establishing a simulation model of the road intersection in a VISSIM, performing a simulation experiment and outputting a track file;
analyzing the track file in the SSAM to obtain a conflict statistical result, wherein the conflict statistical result comprises the following steps: measuring indexes of included angles and conflict attributes between the directions of the conflicting vehicles;
dividing each conflict of the road intersection into conflict types according to different danger grades according to the included angle between the directions of the conflicting vehicles;
calculating the conflict risk index of each conflict in each conflict type according to the conflict attribute measurement index;
calculating the danger weight of each conflict type according to the value distribution of the conflict risk index of each conflict in each conflict type;
and acquiring the safety risk index of the road intersection according to the danger weight of each conflict type and the statistical number of each conflict type.
Further, the conflicting property metric comprises: a crash event parameter and a maximum accident change speed parameter.
Preferably, the included angle between the directions of the conflicting vehicles is in the range of 0 to 90 degrees, the range is divided into a plurality of sub-ranges, and the conflicts located in the sub-ranges are classified into the same conflict type.
Preferably, the risk weight may be normalized.
Further, the area of the intersection includes an ingress and egress lane section area.
Further, the safety risk indexes of different road intersections can be obtained and compared for analysis.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: the unified quantification of the safety performance of different intersections is realized, the better the safety performance is, the lower the safety risk index is, the safety evaluation can be performed on the intersections which are put into application or are ready to be put into application by intersection designers, the design scheme is optimized, and the harm caused by the safety accidents of the intersections is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method in an embodiment of a method for calculating a road intersection safety risk index of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a VISSIM modeling picture designed for a current road intersection of Shanghai city land family mouth in one embodiment of the road intersection safety risk index calculation method of the invention;
fig. 3 is a designed VISSIM modeling picture of a turbo-shaped road intersection in an embodiment of the method for calculating a safety risk index of a road intersection of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for calculating a road intersection safety risk index of the present invention:
s01: establishing a simulation model of the road intersection in a VISSIM, performing a simulation experiment and outputting a track file;
in one example, a road intersection model is established in a microscopic traffic simulation platform (VISSIM), appearance characteristics and speed characteristics of running vehicles of the intersection are restored, path selection, yielding rules, signal lamp setting and the like in a restoration scene are restored, the running conditions of the vehicles at the intersection in reality can be simulated, traffic flow conditions are set for simulation experiments, and track files of running vehicles in simulation time are obtained.
S02: analyzing the track file in the SSAM to obtain a conflict statistical result, wherein the conflict statistical result comprises the following steps: measuring indexes of included angles and conflict attributes between the directions of the conflicting vehicles;
in one example, SSAM (security indirect analysis Model) may analyze the trace file in VISSIM, and the output result includes: the conflict events can be regarded as potential traffic accidents, and therefore the index information has great potential in the field of safety quantitative evaluation of road intersections.
S03: dividing each conflict of the road intersection into conflict types according to different danger grades according to the included angle between the directions of the conflicting vehicles;
in one example, conflicts counted in a road intersection (including an in-out lane road section area) within a certain period of time are classified into different conflict types according to different sizes of included angles between conflicting vehicles in the speed direction, the size of the angle is related to the danger degree of the conflict when the conflict occurs, the larger the included angle is, the larger the hazard caused by the predicted accident is, and therefore when the safety of the road intersection is evaluated, all the observed conflicts need to be classified so as to be capable of better distinguishing and distinguishing potential safety hazards of the microscopic level.
And (3) dividing the interval into a plurality of sub-intervals in which the change of the included angle between the directions of the conflicting vehicles is in the interval of [0, 90], and classifying conflicts with the same value in the sub-intervals into the same type of conflicts.
S04: calculating the conflict risk index of each conflict in each conflict type according to the conflict attribute measurement index;
in one example, an Index for evaluating the potential accident Risk degree predicted by a single Conflict, namely CRI (collision Risk Index), is defined based on a measurement Index related to a Conflict attribute in an SSAM analysis result, the Conflict Risk Index of each Conflict under different Conflict types counted at a certain time is calculated, and the calculated Conflict Risk Index can be used for obtaining the Risk weight of each Conflict type; the calculation of the conflict risk index takes into account both the probability of the occurrence of the potential accident and the degree of risk of the potential accident.
Two parameters for selecting the measurement index related to the conflict attribute from the output result of the SSAM to be used for calculating the conflict risk index are:
TTC (Time to collision Time), Time to collision between two vehicles;
max Delta V (Maximum accident Velocity), the Maximum change in vehicle speed that results in an accident;
where the time to collision is the time to collision from a conflicting vehicle, a larger value indicates less time is left for the driver to avoid the collision or reduce the injury, the higher the probability of a collision event and the higher the severity of the collision event. The maximum accident change speed refers to the maximum change value of the speed of the conflicting vehicles which causes the accident, and the larger the value of the parameter is, the higher the severity of the collision accident is.
Converting the parameter values into conflict risk indexes, and evaluating the severity of accident risks of vehicles at the intersection indicated by a single conflict, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the first term of the formula represents the occurrence probability of the potential accident, the latter term represents the severity of the potential accident, and 20 is used as a constant to measure the influence of the parameters of the collision time and the maximum accident variation on the severity of the potential accident.
S05, calculating the danger weight of each conflict type according to the value distribution of the conflict risk index of each conflict in each conflict type;
in one example, a relative weight for evaluating the collision risk degree of the same type, namely a risk weight-W, is defined, the risk weight of the collision type is obtained based on the value distribution of the collision risk indexes of different collision types, and the obtained result can be used for calculating the safety risk index; the risk degree upper limit of the same type of conflict is considered in the calculation of the risk weight, and the small-probability high-risk conflict is not considered.
The definition and setting of the danger weight of different conflict types comprises the following steps:
acquiring the distribution of conflict risk indexes of each type of conflict, and taking the value of 85% lower quantile points as the risk weight (not standardized) of the type of conflict;
the hazard weight is normalized by having the minimum hazard weight (not normalized) as 1.
S06: and acquiring the safety risk index of the road intersection according to the danger weight of each conflict type and the statistical number of each conflict type.
In one example, a quantitative Index, namely SRI (Safety Risk Index), for performing Safety evaluation on the intersection according to the Risk weights and the statistical number of different collision types is established, so that the SRI can be substituted into the Risk weights of the various collision types defined above by refining the collision types and adding consideration to the degrees of different types of collision risks while considering the influence of the collision number on Safety, and the calculation method of the SRI is as follows:
SRI＝W1*f1+W2*f2+…+Wn*fn
wherein SRI is the safety risk index, W1,2,…,nHazard weights (normalized) for each type of conflict, respectively, correspond to f1,2,…,nRespectively, the statistical number of each type of conflict.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the above sea-city land-family-mouth road intersection is used as a case to apply a calculation method of a road intersection safety risk index based on the SSAM and the collision risk index, and the safety performance of the existing road intersection design and the turbo-shaped road intersection design under different flow conditions is compared, specifically as follows:
modeling and simulating in VISSIM simulation software;
modeling is carried out on the existing intersection design and the turbo type intersection design, and the appearance characteristics and the vehicle running characteristics of the model are corrected by referring to field information acquisition, wherein the model results are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. There are 7 simulation scenarios with different flow conditions, respectively 500 to 1100 traffic flows per inlet lane per hour (at 100 intervals), and the simulation time for each simulation scenario is 10 minutes.
Analyzing the track file by using an SSAM to derive a conflict statistical result;
classifying conflict types;
in this example, the collision with an included angle of 30 degrees or less between the speed directions of the colliding vehicles is classified as a rear-end collision, the collision with an included angle within 30 degrees to 80 degrees is classified as a lane change collision, and the collision with an included angle of 80 degrees or more is classified as a cross collision.
Calculating the conflict risk index of each conflict under different conflict types;
in this example, the data of TTC and Max Delta V are from the output result of SSAM software, and the calculation formula is as follows:
acquiring the danger weight of each conflict type according to the distribution of the conflict risk indexes;
in this example, 85% of the lower quantiles of the values of the various types of conflict risk indices are taken as the risk weights that are not normalized, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of hazard weighting in this example
| Hazard weight | Number of collisions | W (non-standardized) | W (Standard) |
| Collision of rear-end collision | 3886 | 0.09 | 1 |
| Lane change conflict | 3927 | 0.1495 | 1.66 |
| Traversal conflicts | 516 | 0.2935 | 3.26 |
And sixthly, obtaining the safety risk index of the intersection under different flow conditions according to the risk weight.
The results are shown in table 2, and the obtained results show that under the condition that the traffic flow takes 500-1100 (every hour per entrance lane), the safety performance of the turbine-shaped design is better than that of the existing design, and the results are consistent with the original design intention of the turbine for safety improvement, so the results are in line with the reality.
Table 2 safety comparison results in this example
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A road intersection safety risk index calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a simulation model of the road intersection in a VISSIM, performing a simulation experiment and outputting a track file;
analyzing the track file in the SSAM to obtain a conflict statistical result, wherein the conflict statistical result comprises the following steps: measuring indexes of included angles and conflict attributes between the directions of the conflicting vehicles;
dividing each conflict of the road intersection into conflict types according to different danger grades according to the included angle between the directions of the conflicting vehicles;
calculating the conflict risk index of each conflict in each conflict type according to the conflict attribute measurement index;
calculating the danger weight of each conflict type according to the value distribution of the conflict risk index of each conflict in each conflict type;
and acquiring the safety risk index of the road intersection according to the danger weight of each conflict type and the statistical number of each conflict type.
2. A road intersection safety risk index calculation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conflict attribute metric comprises: a crash event parameter and a maximum accident change speed parameter.
3. A road intersection safety risk index calculation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the included angle between the directions of the conflicting vehicles is in the interval of 0 to 90 degrees, the interval is divided into a plurality of sub-intervals, and the conflicts located in the sub-intervals are classified as the same conflict type.
4. A road intersection safety risk index calculation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the risk weight is normalised.
5. A road intersection safety risk index calculation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the area of the road intersection comprises an ingress and egress lane section area.
6. A method for calculating a road intersection safety risk index as claimed in claim 5, wherein the safety risk indices for different said road intersections are obtained and compared for analysis.
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| CN114926984A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-19 | 华南理工大学 | Real-time traffic conflict collection and road safety evaluation method |
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