CN112149325B - Finite element modeling method for flexibly-connected cylindrical cell battery module - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a finite element modeling method for a flexibly connected cylindrical cell battery module, which comprises the following steps: representing the cells by using mass units containing mass and rotational inertia information, and representing the inter-cell connection devices by using nodes; constructing an equivalent model of the battery module; performing modal tests on battery modules with different dimensions to extract the vibration mode and the natural frequency of the structure; according to the vibration mode and the natural frequency of the structure, carrying out parameter identification on the rigidity of a bushing used in the equivalent model of the battery module to obtain an optimized rigidity parameter of the bushing; and (3) endowing the battery module with the optimized rigidity parameters of the bushing, combining the battery module with the existing battery pack shell finite element model, and carrying out contact connection on the battery module and the existing battery pack shell finite element model to obtain the battery pack assembly finite element model. Compared with the prior art, the method can accurately reflect the modal characteristics of the real structure of the battery module, furthest reduce the number of nodes of a finite element model, and has universality for battery modules with the same design and different specifications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery pack structure analysis, in particular to a finite element modeling method for a flexibly-connected cylindrical cell battery module.
Background
The battery pack comprises a battery pack shell, a battery module and other systems such as a battery management system, a thermal management system and the like. In order to meet the power and energy requirements for vehicle operation, a battery pack for a pure electric vehicle typically contains thousands of cylindrical batteries, pouch batteries, or hundreds of square batteries. The battery cores are connected in series and parallel, power is provided for vehicles, and structural analysis is necessary to be carried out on the battery pack for ensuring the driving safety of the electric automobile.
Due to the fact that the internal parts of the battery pack are numerous and the connection relationship between the internal parts is complex, and the accurate finite element model of the battery pack is difficult to establish, the structural analysis of the battery pack is often simplified in various ways.
A simulation method for replacing a fine feature region in a battery module by a three-dimensional solid unit made of a fictive anisotropic material is proposed in patent CN 111027242A. In the method, a relatively precise and delicate finite element model of the battery module is used for carrying out preliminary simulation, and the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the structure are extracted. The module envelope is then used as an equivalent structure instead of the module detail structure, the equivalent structure imparting anisotropic material. And obtaining parameters of the anisotropic material by using an optimization method, so that the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the equivalent structure are matched with the previous simulation result. Compared with the original detailed model, the obtained battery module equivalent model is reduced by nearly 90% and can accurately acquire the dynamic characteristics of the battery module.
Document "finite element analysis and structural optimization design of battery pack case [ D ]. Vinca: jilin university, 2017, "pure electric vehicle battery pack structure design and characteristic research with literature [ D ]. Nanjing: a similar method was used for structural analysis of the package case at the university of southeast, 2016. The natural frequency and the mode shape for obtaining the parameters of the anisotropic material of the equivalent structure are obtained through tests instead, and compared with a method based on a finite element model, the method is more accurate and reasonable.
However, the above method has the following disadvantages:
1. the alternative structure is a continuous solid structure, and is not in accordance with the fact that the actual structure has obvious discrete characteristics, so that the characteristics of the actual structure are difficult to accurately describe;
2. the method acquires parameters by means of guiding the modal results, is irrelevant to the actual structure and has no universality. The battery pack is usually provided with battery modules with different sizes, and parameters of anisotropic materials obtained by testing one module are not suitable for modules with all specifications;
3. the equivalent model still has more nodes, the structural analysis of the whole battery pack needs more than ten hours, and the requirements of various optimization design methods cannot be met;
4. for a battery module structure with a hard frame, the method can obtain a relatively accurate result, but for a soft-connection battery module structure which is convenient to install, replaced by a design target and has no hard frame, due to the fact that the rigidity of the soft-connection battery module structure in each direction shows great difference, it is difficult to find appropriate anisotropic material parameters to reproduce modal characteristics of the structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a finite element modeling method for a flexibly-connected cylindrical cell battery module, so as to reduce the number of nodes of a finite element model and truly reflect the modal characteristics of an actual structure.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a finite element modeling method for a flexibly connected cylindrical cell battery module comprises the following steps:
s1, representing electric cores by using mass units containing mass and rotational inertia information, and representing an inter-electric core connecting device by using nodes;
s2, connecting the mass unit and the node by using a bushing with six-directional rigidity so as to be equivalent to the connection between the battery cell and the connecting device;
connecting different nodes corresponding to each connecting device by using a bushing with six-directional rigidity so as to be equivalent to the structural rigidity information of the connecting device;
connecting a node corresponding to the connecting device and a node in the end plate finite element model closest to the node by using a rigid unit so as to be equivalent to the connection of the battery module and the end structure of the battery module;
thus constructing and obtaining an equivalent model of the battery module;
s3, performing modal tests on the battery modules with different dimensions to extract the vibration modes and the natural frequencies of the structures;
s4, according to the vibration mode and the natural frequency of the structure, carrying out parameter identification on the rigidity of the bushing used in the equivalent model of the battery module to obtain an optimized rigidity parameter of the bushing;
and S5, endowing the battery module with an equivalent model by optimizing the rigidity parameter of the bush, combining the existing battery pack shell finite element model, and carrying out contact connection on the battery pack shell finite element model and the battery module to obtain a battery pack assembly finite element model.
Further, the mass in the mass unit in step S1 is obtained by weighing the battery cell.
Further, the moment of inertia in the mass unit in step S1 is specifically obtained by calculating after assuming that the battery cell is a structure with uniformly distributed mass.
Further, the bushing in the step S2 includes an end bushing, an inner layer bushing, an outer ring bushing, a corner bushing and an inner ring bushing according to different boundary conditions.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
aiming at the identification of the rigidity parameter of the bushing in the equivalent model of the battery module with a certain size, the specific process is as follows:
s41, performing primary processing on the rigidity parameters of the bushing in the equivalent model of the battery module to screen out the rigidity parameters of the bushing to be identified;
s42, obtaining a proxy model of the frequency corresponding to each vibration mode by adopting a response surface method based on the rigidity parameter of the bushing to be identified;
s43, constructing an objective function by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain rigidity parameters of each bushing, which enable the value of the objective function to be minimum;
s44, endowing the rigidity parameters of the bushings obtained in the step S43 to a battery module equivalent model, carrying out simulation calculation to obtain the frequency corresponding to each vibration mode, comparing the frequency with the natural frequency of each vibration mode, if the difference value of the two is within a preset range, executing the step S45, otherwise, correspondingly adjusting the rigidity parameters of the bushings, endowing the rigidity parameters of the bushings after adjustment to the battery module equivalent model again for carrying out simulation calculation until the difference value between the corresponding frequency and the natural frequency of each vibration mode obtained through simulation calculation is within the preset range, and then executing the step S45;
s45, taking the currently obtained rigidity parameters of each bushing as the rigidity parameters of the optimized bushing;
for the equivalent models of the battery modules with different sizes, if the battery modules with different sizes use the same bushing rigidity parameter and cannot be accurately matched with the modal test, the method of the step S41 to the step S45 can be adopted, and the rule that the bushing rigidity parameter changes along with the battery module size parameter is obtained through the bushing rigidity parameter obtained by the battery modules with different sizes, so that the universality of the equivalent model of the battery module is expanded.
Further, the step S41 specifically includes the following steps:
s411, obtaining an initial value of a rigidity parameter of the bushing in the equivalent model of the battery module through finite element simulation and experience value of the detail part, and ensuring that the modal sequence of each order is consistent with the modal test;
s412, carrying out sensitivity analysis on the rigidity parameters of the bushings to screen out the rigidity parameters of the bushings which have influences on the dynamic characteristics of the equivalent model of the battery module, namely the rigidity parameters of the bushings to be identified: v 1 ,V 2 ,V 3 ...V n 。
Further, in step S411, an initial value of a stiffness parameter of the bushing in the equivalent model of the battery module is obtained through the following processes:
and preliminarily taking values of the rigidity parameters of the bushing according to the structural characteristics. For example, at the position of the plug-in connection, the acting force of the structure along the plug-in direction is friction force which is much smaller than the acting force in other directions, and the stiffness parameter of the corresponding bushing can be taken as 0;
and symmetrically simplifying the rigidity parameters of the bushing according to the structural characteristics. For example, for an internal cell, the cell boundary conditions are symmetrical and repeating around the cell, and the stiffness parameters of the bushing between the cell and the connection device can be considered to be identical in both directions of the plane (x-direction and y-direction).
Further, the step S42 specifically includes the following steps:
s421, obtaining a rigidity parameter sample point of the bushing by using center combination design, wherein the total number is 2 n +2n +1 sampling points, substituting the values of the rigidity parameters of the bushings of the sample points into the equivalent model of the battery module for modal analysis, and extracting the corresponding frequency of each order of modes of the equivalent model of the battery module under the values of the rigidity parameters of the bushings of the sample points;
s422, fitting the relation between each order of modal frequency and the rigidity parameter of the bushing to be identified by using a quadratic regression method, and rapidly calculating the rigidity parameter of each bushing to obtain a proxy model of the frequency corresponding to each vibration mode: f. of 1 (V 1 ,V 2 ,V 2 ,...,V n ),f 2 (V 1 ,V 2 ,V 2 ,...,V n ),…,f m (V 1 ,V 2 ,V 2 ,...,V n ) Wherein m is the number of vibration modes.
Further, the objective function in step S43 is specifically:
G＝(F 1 -f 1 ) 2 +…+(F i -f i ) 2 +…+(F m -f m ) 2 ,i＝1,2,…,m
wherein, F i Natural frequency, f, corresponding to the i-th mode i Is a function relation between the ith vibration mode and the rigidity parameter of the liner to be identified, namely the ith proxy model.
Further, in the step S5, specifically, the rigid unit is used to connect the corresponding nodes of the contact positions of the battery module equivalent model and the battery can shell finite element model, so as to simulate the contact relationship between the two models, and obtain the battery packaging assembly model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. when the battery module equivalent model is constructed, the method focuses on correspondingly simplifying and equivalence the internal connection structure of the battery module, neglects the specific structures of the battery cells and the connection devices among the battery cells, represents the battery cells by using the mass units, represents the connection devices by using the nodes, and uses the bushings and the rigid units to connect the mass units and the nodes and connect the nodes and the nodes, so that the response of the equivalent model is identical with the actual battery module, and the equivalent model and the actual battery module structure have a definite corresponding relation.
2. Because the number of the nodes is directly related to the number of the battery cells and is basically consistent with the magnitude order of the number of the battery cells, compared with the conventional equivalent method, the battery module equivalent method provided by the invention can reduce the number of the nodes by more than 90%, reduce the occupation of a calculation memory by more than 90%, and reduce the scale of a finite element model of the battery module to the maximum extent.
3. The battery module is subjected to modal test to obtain the vibration mode and the natural frequency of the structure, and the rigidity parameters of each bushing in the equivalent model of the battery module are identified by combining a response surface method and a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimized rigidity parameters similar to the modal test result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flexible connection battery module according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process for applying the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between equivalent models of battery modules;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an equivalent model of a battery module constructed in an embodiment;
FIG. 6a is a diagram illustrating a first mode shape and a natural frequency of a modal test in an embodiment;
FIG. 6b is a diagram illustrating a second mode shape and a natural frequency of the modal test in the example;
FIG. 6c is a diagram illustrating a third mode shape and a natural frequency of the modal test in the example;
FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of a simulated vibration mode and a frequency corresponding to a first vibration mode of a battery module equivalent model obtained by the method of the present invention in an embodiment;
FIG. 7b is a schematic diagram of a simulated vibration pattern and frequency of the battery module equivalent model corresponding to the second vibration pattern obtained by the method of the present invention in the embodiment;
FIG. 7c is a schematic diagram of a simulated vibration pattern and frequency of the battery module equivalent model corresponding to a third vibration pattern obtained by the method of the present invention in the embodiment;
the notation in the figure is: 1. the battery cell comprises a battery cell body 2, a connecting device 3, a spring piece 4 and an end structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a finite element modeling method for a flexibly connected cylindrical cell battery module includes the following steps:
s1, representing electric cores by using mass units containing mass and rotational inertia information, and representing a connection device between the electric cores by using nodes;
s2, connecting the mass unit and the node by using a bushing with six-directional rigidity so as to be equivalent to the connection between the battery cell and the connecting device;
connecting different nodes corresponding to each connecting device by using a bushing with six-directional rigidity so as to be equivalent to the structural rigidity information of the connecting device;
connecting a node corresponding to the connecting device and a node in the end plate finite element model closest to the node by using a rigid unit so as to be equivalent to the connection of the battery module and the end structure of the battery module;
thus constructing and obtaining an equivalent model of the battery module;
s3, performing modal tests on the battery modules with different dimensions to extract the vibration modes and the natural frequencies of the structures;
s4, according to the vibration mode and the natural frequency of the structure, carrying out parameter identification on the rigidity of the bushing used in the equivalent model of the battery module to obtain an optimized rigidity parameter of the bushing;
and S5, endowing the battery module with an equivalent model by optimizing the rigidity parameter of the bush, combining the existing battery pack shell finite element model, and carrying out contact connection on the battery pack shell finite element model and the battery module to obtain a battery pack assembly finite element model.
Applying the method to this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the battery module structure in the embodiment is a flexible connection battery module formed by combining in a plug-in manner, a cylindrical groove for accommodating the battery cell is formed in the connection device 2 between each layer of battery cells 1, a spring piece 3 is arranged in the groove, the upper layer of battery cell is inserted into the groove of the connection device 2, so that the spring piece 3 deforms, and the battery cells are clamped to achieve the effects of fixing and electrical connection; the lower-layer electric core is connected with the spring piece 3 through welding, so that the fixing and electric connection effects are achieved; one layer of the battery cell can be assembled or disassembled with other layers in a plugging mode. The rigidity of the connecting structure is very low, the conventional equivalent and simplified method is difficult to accurately describe the dynamic characteristics of the structure, the problem can be better solved by adopting the method, and the specific process of applying the method in the embodiment is shown in figure 3:
connecting the nodes representing the connecting devices by using a bushing with six-directional rigidity so as to be equivalent to the structural rigidity information of the connecting devices;
connecting the nodes representing the connecting device at the edge with the nodes corresponding to the specific finite element model of the end plate by using rigid units so as to be equivalent to the connection of the battery module and the end structure (4) of the battery module;
wherein, the classification that each bush except that different positions are connected, visual equivalent effect subdivides: the method comprises the difference of an end part lining and an inner layer lining, and an outer ring lining, a corner lining and an inner ring lining according to different boundary conditions.
The connection relation of the battery module equivalent models constructed through the steps 1 and 2 is shown in fig. 4, the model construction is performed based on the ABQUS software in the embodiment, and the effect of the battery module equivalent models constructed through the steps 1 and 2 in the ABQUS is shown in fig. 5.
the parameters of the bushing can also be simplified to some degree symmetrically according to the structural features: for example, for an internal cell, the cell periphery boundary conditions are symmetric and repeated, and then the stiffness parameters of the bushing between the cell and the connection device can be considered to be consistent in two directions of the plane (x-direction and y-direction);
in step 4, the method for identifying the rigidity parameter of the bushing of the battery module with a certain size is executed through the following steps (the parameters described below refer to the rigidity parameter of the bushing, the equivalent models described below refer to the equivalent models of the battery module, and the tests described below refer to the modal test performed in step S3):
step 4.1, obtaining initial values of equivalent model parameters through finite element simulation and experience value of detail parts, and ensuring that modal sequences of all orders are consistent with a test;
4.2, carrying out sensitivity analysis on each parameter, selecting important parameters which obviously influence the dynamic characteristics of the equivalent model for parameter identification, and recording that the parameters to be identified are V respectively 1 ,V 2 ,V 3 ...V n ；
Step 4.3, obtaining parameter sample points by using center combination design, and totaling 2 n +2n +1 sampling points, substituting the sample point parameter values into the equivalent model for modal analysis, and extracting the corresponding frequency of each order of modal of the equivalent model under each sample point parameter value;
and 4.4, fitting the relation between each order of modal frequency and the parameter to be identified by using a quadratic regression method to obtain a proxy model for rapidly calculating the frequency corresponding to each mode shape through each parameter:
f 1 (V 1 ,V 2 ,V 2 ,...,V n ),f 2 (V 1 ,V 2 ,V 2 ,...,V n ),…,f m (V 1 ,V 2 ,V 2 ,...,V n )
step 4.5, using an optimization method, such as a genetic algorithm, with G = (F) 1 -f 1 ) 2 +(F 2 -f 2 ) 2 +…+(F m -f m ) 2 Carrying out optimization design on the objective function, and acquiring each parameter value which enables the value of the objective function to be minimum, wherein the frequency corresponding to each vibration mode of the equivalent model is closest to the test under the value;
and 4.6, endowing the parameter values obtained in the step 4.5 to a battery module equivalent model, and verifying a simulation result and finely adjusting the parameters.
In step 4, if the modules with different sizes use the same bushing parameters and cannot be accurately matched with the test, the general rule of the rigidity parameters of the bushing changing along with the size parameters of the modules can be obtained through the parameters obtained by the modules with different sizes, and the universality of the equivalent model is expanded.
The dynamic characteristics of the battery module can be accurately described through the battery module equivalent model with the parameters identified in the steps 3 and 4, as shown in fig. 7a to 7c, the first vibration mode corresponding frequency value is 140.53Hz, the second vibration mode corresponding frequency value is 238.21Hz, and the third vibration mode corresponding frequency value is 315.62Hz in the simulation result of the battery module equivalent model with the optimized bushing stiffness parameters, so that the simulation structure is very close to modal test data, and the accuracy of the battery module equivalent model constructed by the method is verified.
and connecting the edge nodes of the module equivalent model and the finite element model nodes of the battery pack shell at corresponding positions by using rigid units, and obtaining the finite element model of the battery pack assembly according to the contact relation between the equivalent battery module and the battery pack shell.
Claims (8)
1. A finite element modeling method for a flexibly connected cylindrical cell battery module is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, representing electric cores by using mass units containing mass and rotational inertia information, and representing an inter-electric core connecting device by using nodes;
s2, connecting the mass unit and the node by using a bushing with six-directional rigidity so as to be equivalent to the connection between the battery cell and the connecting device;
connecting different nodes corresponding to each connecting device by using a bushing with six-directional rigidity so as to be equivalent to the structural rigidity information of the connecting device;
connecting a node corresponding to the connecting device and a node in the end plate finite element model closest to the node by using a rigid unit so as to be equivalent to the connection of the battery module and the end structure of the battery module;
thus constructing and obtaining an equivalent model of the battery module;
s3, performing modal tests on the battery modules with different dimensions to extract the vibration modes and the natural frequencies of the structures;
s4, according to the vibration mode and the natural frequency of the structure, carrying out parameter identification on the rigidity of the bushing used in the equivalent model of the battery module to obtain an optimized rigidity parameter of the bushing;
s5, endowing the optimized rigidity parameters of the bushing to a battery module equivalent model, combining the existing battery pack shell finite element model, and carrying out contact connection on the battery pack shell equivalent model and the existing battery pack shell finite element model to obtain a battery pack assembly body finite element model;
the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
aiming at identifying the rigidity parameter of the bushing in the equivalent model of the battery module with a certain size, the specific process is as follows:
s41, performing primary processing on the rigidity parameters of the bushing in the equivalent model of the battery module to screen out the rigidity parameters of the bushing to be identified;
s42, obtaining a proxy model of the frequency corresponding to each vibration mode by adopting a response surface method based on the rigidity parameter of the bushing to be identified;
s43, constructing an objective function by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain rigidity parameters of each bushing, which enable the value of the objective function to be minimum;
s44, endowing the rigidity parameters of the bushings obtained in the step S43 to a battery module equivalent model, carrying out simulation calculation to obtain the frequency corresponding to each vibration mode, comparing the frequency with the natural frequency of each vibration mode, if the difference value of the two is within a preset range, executing the step S45, otherwise, correspondingly adjusting the rigidity parameters of the bushings, endowing the adjusted rigidity parameters of the bushings to the battery module equivalent model again for simulation calculation until the difference value between the corresponding frequency of each vibration mode obtained through simulation calculation and the natural frequency is within the preset range, and then executing the step S45;
s45, taking the currently obtained rigidity parameters of each bushing as the rigidity parameters of the optimized bushing;
for the equivalent models of the battery modules with different sizes, if the battery modules with different sizes use the same bushing rigidity parameters and cannot be accurately matched with the modal test, the method of the step S41-the step S45 can be adopted, and the rule that the bushing rigidity parameters change along with the size parameters of the battery modules is obtained through the bushing rigidity parameters obtained by the battery modules with different sizes, so that the universality of the equivalent model of the battery modules is expanded;
the step S41 specifically includes the following steps:
s411, obtaining an initial value of a rigidity parameter of the bushing in the equivalent model of the battery module through finite element simulation and experience value of the detail part, and ensuring that the modal sequence of each order is consistent with a modal test;
s412, carrying out sensitivity analysis on the rigidity parameters of the bushings to screen out the rigidity parameters of the bushings which have influences on the dynamic characteristics of the equivalent model of the battery module, namely the rigidity parameters of the bushings to be identified: v 1 ,V 2 ,V 3 ...V n 。
2. The finite element modeling method for the flexibly connected cylindrical cell battery module set according to claim 1, wherein the mass in the mass unit of step S1 is obtained by weighing the cells.
3. The finite element modeling method for the flexibly-connected cylindrical cell battery module according to claim 1, wherein the moment of inertia in the mass unit in the step S1 is obtained by calculation after the cell is assumed to be a structure with uniformly distributed mass.
4. The finite element modeling method for the flexibly-connected cylindrical cell battery module of claim 1, wherein the bushing in the step S2 comprises an end bushing, an inner layer bushing, an outer ring bushing, a corner bushing and an inner ring bushing according to different boundary conditions.
5. The finite element modeling method for the flexibly connected cylindrical cell battery module according to claim 1, wherein in step S411, the initial value of the stiffness parameter of the bushing in the equivalent model of the battery module is obtained by the following process:
preliminarily taking values of the rigidity parameters of the bushing according to the structural characteristics;
and symmetrically simplifying the rigidity parameters of the bushing according to the structural characteristics.
6. The finite element modeling method for the flexibly-connected cylindrical cell battery module according to claim 1, wherein the step S42 specifically comprises the following steps:
s421, obtaining a rigidity parameter sample point of the lining by using a center combination design, and totaling 2 n +2n +1 sampling points, substituting the values of the rigidity parameters of the bushings of the sample points into the equivalent model of the battery module for modal analysis, and extracting the corresponding frequency of each order of modes of the equivalent model of the battery module under the values of the rigidity parameters of the bushings of the sample points;
s422, fitting the relation between each order of modal frequency and the rigidity parameter of the bushing to be identified by using a quadratic regression method, and rapidly calculating the rigidity parameter of each bushing to obtain a proxy model of the frequency corresponding to each vibration mode: f. of 1 (V 1 ,V 2 ,V 2 ,...,V n ),f 2 (V 1 ,V 2 ,V 2 ,...,V n ),…,f m (V 1 ,V 2 ,V 2 ,...,V n ) Wherein m is the number of mode shapes.
7. The finite element modeling method for the flexibly-connected cylindrical cell battery module according to claim 6, wherein the objective function in the step S43 is specifically:
G＝(F 1 -f 1 ) 2 +…+(F i -f i ) 2 +…+(F m -f m ) 2 ,i＝1,2,…,m
wherein, F i Natural frequency, f, corresponding to the i-th mode i Is a function relation between the ith vibration mode and the rigidity parameter of the liner to be identified, namely the ith proxy model.
8. The finite element modeling method for the flexibly connected cylindrical cell battery module as claimed in claim 1, wherein step S5 is to connect the equivalent model of the battery module with the corresponding node of the finite element model of the battery pack shell by using a rigid unit to simulate the contact relationship therebetween to obtain the battery pack assembly model.
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