CN112148052A - Portable adjustable stable alternating-current high-voltage generation system - Google Patents
Portable adjustable stable alternating-current high-voltage generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112148052A CN112148052A CN202011040658.7A CN202011040658A CN112148052A CN 112148052 A CN112148052 A CN 112148052A CN 202011040658 A CN202011040658 A CN 202011040658A CN 112148052 A CN112148052 A CN 112148052A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
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Abstract
A portable adjustable stable alternating current high voltage generating system utilizes a phase-locked loop to generate signals with different frequencies, and controls the frequency conversion of the phase-locked loop through a serial port. The high-voltage booster is stabilized on the voltage corresponding to a certain booster within the limit output power of all amplifiers by setting the level of an output pin of a single chip microcomputer, the system can detect over-high voltage and over-low voltage, and the input power of a subsequent power amplifier is adjusted by changing the gain of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) so that if the output voltage of the booster corresponding to the output power of the power amplifier is greater than a desired value, the output power of the power amplifier is reduced by the AGC system to reduce the final voltage, and vice versa. The system can be changed according to the required condition so as to meet the requirement that the system has high power output efficiency under different frequencies and can efficiently provide power for the booster. The system is small in size, and convenient to operate only by controlling the single chip microcomputer through a small computer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage equipment, and particularly relates to a portable adjustable stable alternating-current high-voltage generator.
Background
The existing boosting devices are large and difficult to raise a large voltage with a relatively small power, most of the existing devices do not have a flexible frequency conversion boosting function, and most of the existing devices do not keep the voltage constant for a long time, so that the output voltage is unstable along with environmental changes (interference or temperature changes). The rechargeable battery can be used for emergency temporarily when no external power supply is available. The invention has the advantages of small size, portability and capability of raising a relatively large voltage by using a small power. The invention can stabilize output voltage in different environments, has temperature compensation measures in a power amplifier system, has an AGC feedback system in an integral system, is very suitable for being used as a laboratory high generator and temporary emergency high-voltage generating equipment of a high-voltage electric field, is suitable for places with strict requirements such as medicine, military, scientific research and the like, has a special stabilizing system and a convenient operating system, and greatly improves the reliability and operability of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a portable adjustable stable alternating-current high-voltage generating system, which utilizes a phase-locked loop to generate signals with different frequencies and controls the frequency conversion of the phase-locked loop through a serial port. An AGC (automatic gain control) system is formed by a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA), an operational amplifier and a peak detector, a high-voltage booster is stabilized on a voltage corresponding to a certain booster with all amplifiers within the limit output power by setting the level of an output pin of a single chip microcomputer, the system can detect over-high voltage and over-low voltage, the input power of a subsequent power amplifier is adjusted by changing the gain of the VGA amplifier, and if the booster output voltage corresponding to the output power of the power amplifier is larger than a desired value, the output power of the power amplifier is reduced by the AGC system to reduce the final voltage, and vice versa. The system has automatic protection, and when the voltage of the system is too high due to self-excitation or misoperation, if the voltage of the comparator is higher than the preset level of the singlechip, the comparator can output high level and simultaneously cut off the input signals of the power supply and the power amplifier.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a portable adjustable stable alternating current high voltage generating system comprises a single chip microcomputer (5), and is characterized in that a small computer (16) is connected with the single chip microcomputer (5); the singlechip (5) is respectively connected with the comparator (4), the electric regulation switch A (6), the operational amplifier (14), the phase-locked loop (17), the stepping motor A (18) and the stepping motor B (19); the phase-locked loop (17) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is connected with the electrically-regulated switch A (6); the electric regulation switch A (6) is respectively connected with a power amplifier A (7), a power amplifier B (8) and a power amplifier C (9); the power amplifier A (7), the power amplifier B (8) and the power amplifier C (9) are connected with an electric regulation switch B (10); the electric regulation switch B (10), the stepping motor A (18) and the stepping motor B (19) are connected with the high-voltage booster (11); one end of the high-voltage booster (11) outputs, and the other end of the high-voltage booster is connected with the voltage reduction circuit (12); the voltage reduction circuit (12) is connected with the detector (13); the detector (13) is respectively connected with the comparator (4) and the operational amplifier (14); the operational amplifier (14) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the comparator (4) is respectively connected with the power supply switch (3) and the electric regulation switch A (6); the power supply switch (3) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2) and the power adapter (1); the power adapter (1) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2); the input end of the power adapter (1) is connected with 220V.
The power amplifying circuit comprises an electric regulation switch A (6), a power amplifier A (7), a power amplifier B (8), a power amplifier C (9) and an electric regulation switch B (10), wherein four D Zener in the circuit are voltage stabilizing diodes, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12, a capacitor C13, a capacitor C14, a capacitor C15, a capacitor C16, a capacitor C17, a capacitor C18, a capacitor C19, a capacitor C20, a capacitor CAP1, a capacitor CAP2, an inductor L2, a resistor R2, a sliding resistor R36Q and a rheostat 36Q.
The electric regulation switch B (10) is connected with a transmission line through an SMA adapter, and then is connected with a high-voltage booster (11) through the transmission line, and the input of the high-voltage booster (11) is accessed by a coaxial line.
Further, adopt the input/output matching circuit who contains varactor, replace former electrically transferred switch A (6) by input matching circuit A (20) that contain varactor, electrically transferred switch B (10) is replaced by input matching circuit B (21) that contain varactor, and the structure is as follows:
the small computer (16) is connected with the singlechip (5); the singlechip (5) is respectively connected with the comparator (4), an input matching circuit A (10) containing a variable capacitance diode, a power amplifier A (7), an operational amplifier (14), a phase-locked loop (17), a stepping motor A (18) and a stepping motor B (19); the phase-locked loop (17) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is connected with an input matching circuit A (10) containing a variable capacitance diode; an input matching circuit A (10) containing a variable capacitance diode is connected with a power amplifier A (7); the power amplifier A (7) is connected with an input/output matching circuit B (21) containing a variable capacitance diode; an input/output matching circuit B (21) containing a variable capacitance diode, a stepping motor A (18) and a stepping motor B (19) are connected with the high-voltage booster (11); one end of the high-voltage booster (11) outputs, and the other end of the high-voltage booster is connected with the voltage reduction circuit (12); the voltage reduction circuit (12) is connected with the detector (13); the detector (13) is respectively connected with the comparator (4) and the operational amplifier (14); the operational amplifier (14) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the comparator (4) is connected with the power supply switch (3); the power supply switch (3) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2) and the transformer (1); the transformer (1) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2); the input end of the transformer (1) is connected with 220V.
The input matching circuit A (10) containing the variable capacitance diode is connected with the power amplifier A (7); the power amplifier A (7) is connected with an input/output matching circuit B (21) comprising a variable capacitance diode to form a power amplifying circuit, wherein four D Zener in the circuit are all voltage stabilizing diodes, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12, a capacitor C13, a capacitor C14, a variable capacitance diode D1, a variable capacitance diode D2, a variable capacitance diode D3, a variable capacitance diode D4, a variable capacitance diode D5, a variable capacitance diode D6, a capacitor CAP1, a capacitor CAP2, an inductor L2, a resistor R2, a sliding resistor R2 and a sliding resistor R36Q.
The output end of the input/output matching circuit B (21) containing the variable capacitance diode is connected with a transmission line through an SMA adapter, and then is connected with the high-voltage booster (11) through the transmission line, and the input of the high-voltage booster (11) is accessed by a coaxial line.
The single-chip microcomputer adopts an MSP430F438 single-chip microcomputer.
The single chip microcomputer (5) is connected with a phase-locked loop (17) through a serial port, and the output of an ADF4351 of the phase-locked loop (17) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA)) (15) ADL 5331.
The voltage reduction circuit (12) consists of two 50K ohm resistors R1 and R2, a 1:1 balun K1 and a 50 ohm resistor R3.
The high-voltage booster (11) is as follows: an inductance fixing rod (23) and a plectrum guide rod (27) are fixed in the metal shell (22), and two ends of a plectrum moving rod (28) penetrate through the metal shell (22); an inductor I (24) and an inductor III (26) are wound at two ends of the inductor fixing rod (23), and an inductor II (25) is wound in the middle of the inductor fixing rod; one ends of the first inductor (24), the second inductor (25) and the third inductor (26) are grounded, the other ends of the first inductor (24) and the third inductor (26) are fixed on the inductor fixing rod (23), and the other end of the second inductor (25) is connected with a resistor and an inductor; both ends are non-conductive material connection metal pole on plectrum carriage release lever (28), metal pole connecting rod, and non-conductive material is connected to the threaded rod intermediate junction, and each cover has a plectrum (29) on two sections threaded rods, and plectrum (29) below through-hole is run through by plectrum guide bar (27), and coupling nut (30) on the metal pole at plectrum carriage release lever (28) both ends, electricity intercommunication between two nuts (30) is equipped with parallelly connected resistance and electric capacity.
The phase-locked loop (17), the stepping motor A (18), the stepping motor B (19), the electric regulation switch A (6), the electric regulation switch B (10), the input matching circuit A (20) with the variable capacitance diode and the variable capacitance diode variable capacitance voltage of the input matching circuit B (21) with the variable capacitance diode are all controlled by the singlechip (5), and the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is indirectly controlled by the singlechip to generate a reference signal through the operational amplifier (14).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system can control two stepping motors through the single chip microcomputer, the two stepping motors are respectively connected with two knobs of the booster, one of the knobs can control the adjustable capacitance of a primary side circuit of the booster, and the designed booster is used for enabling a primary side circuit and a secondary side circuit to respectively resonate for boosting, so that resonance points of two positions are required to be adjusted simultaneously during frequency conversion. The first stepping motor is used for adjusting the variable capacitance of the primary end of the booster so as to achieve the purpose of realizing the resonance of the primary end circuit. The second stepping motor is used for adjusting the resonant frequency of the booster secondary end circuit, and the coil inductance value is adjusted by changing the connection position of the connection shifting piece and the coil, so that the resonant frequency of the booster and a rear synchronous tube (equivalent to a capacitor) is changed to keep a high Q value of the booster under different frequencies, and high-efficiency boosting under each frequency is ensured (namely, the high Q value can ensure higher boosting effect under the same power).
The power amplifier of the system is a key design, the system is realized by two implementation modes, one implementation mode is that an input and output matching network under various fixed frequencies is designed, different matching circuits (each matching circuit has a certain bandwidth and can meet the matching in a frequency band) are switched by an electrically-adjustable switch, and the selection of the matching circuits is switched by a single chip microcomputer according to a certain frequency corresponding to a certain bandwidth. And two power amplifiers are implemented, the input and the output of each power amplifier comprise a variable capacitance diode, and the matching impedance of the power amplifiers is changed by changing the variable capacitance diodes so as to meet the matching of the power amplifiers under different frequencies and ensure the efficient output of power. The first implementation has the advantages of convenient design and space saving, but the adjustable range is relatively narrow. The second implementation has the advantage of wide adjustable range, but occupies relatively large space.
The system has automatic protection, and when the voltage of the system is too high due to self-excitation or misoperation, if the voltage of the comparator is higher than the preset level of the singlechip, the comparator can output high level and simultaneously cut off the input signals of the power supply and the power amplifier.
The system is provided with a rechargeable battery to meet the use requirement of emergency situations, and is also provided with a transformer for direct power plug-in use. The AGC system can output stable voltage. The booster can adjust frequency and amplitude, and can output large voltage by using relatively small power. The power amplifier matching circuit can be changed according to the required condition so as to meet the requirement of high power output efficiency under different frequencies, and the booster can be efficiently supplied with power. The system is small in size, and convenient to operate only by controlling the single chip microcomputer through a small computer.
Both schemes are true for matching of power amplifiers, since high frequency power amplifiers need to add input-output matching for the frequency at which they operate to ensure efficient transfer of energy. Therefore, the output power of each frequency which can be provided externally must be ensured, so two matching modes are considered, firstly, a plurality of paths of power amplifiers are used, each path of power amplifier is provided with an input-output matching network with a central frequency and a certain bandwidth (the bandwidth is not as wide as dozens of MHz), then the singlechip judges the frequency band of the selected frequency according to the selection of a user, and then the singlechip controls the electrically-adjustable switch to open the corresponding channel to connect the power amplifiers of the response frequency band. Secondly, the other method is that a plurality of variable capacitance diodes (the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diodes can be changed along with the bias direct current voltage) are added into the input and output matching circuit, and different voltages are provided by the singlechip to control the capacitance value of each variable capacitance diode so as to realize the change of the matching resonance point, so that only one power amplifier is needed, and only the variable capacitance diodes are needed to be adjusted to change the resonance point of the matching circuit.
For the first method, because the corresponding matching circuit is provided for a specific frequency band, in this case, relatively low power consumption and a relatively high Q (quality factor) value of the matching network can be achieved, and the out-of-band rejection is generally relatively high, but the number of power amplifiers is required to be large, the occupied area is large, and the cost is relatively high. In the second method, only one power amplifier capable of working in a wider frequency band, one input/output matching network and several varactors are needed, so that the circuit occupation is relatively small, the cost is relatively low, but theoretically, the matching network performance optimization is realized by simultaneously changing the capacitance and the inductance value during matching tuning, so that the matching frequency of the varactors can not reach the best performance, but the corresponding index can be realized, the efficiency of the power amplifier is possibly relatively low, and the Q value of the matching network is relatively low. However, for the system designed by me, the power amplifier only needs to provide the power required by the booster, so that the power amplifier is not necessarily required to exert the best performance when the power amplifier is designed.
Therefore, the effect of the two methods is almost the same when only the boosting effect is seen, and the first method needs to be selected to be better when the seed efficiency is seen. The second method is preferred if a small volume is required.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a power amplifier circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a power amplifier according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the buck-boost circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the high voltage booster of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an experimental test chart of the booster output voltage.
Fig. 8 is an experimental test chart of the booster output voltage.
FIG. 9 is a linear diagram of an operational amplifier
Wherein, 1 is a power adapter; 2 is a rechargeable battery; 3 is a power supply switch; 4 is a comparator; 5 is a singlechip; 6 is an electric regulation switch A; 7 is a power amplifier A; 8 is a power amplifier B; 9 is a power amplifier C; 10 is an electric regulation switch B; 11 is a high-voltage booster; 12 is a voltage reduction circuit; 13 is a detector; 14 is an operational amplifier; 15 is a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA); 16 is a small computer; 17 is a phase-locked loop; 18 is a stepping motor A; 19 is a stepping motor B; 20 is an input-output matching circuit A containing a variable capacitance diode; 21 is an input-output matching circuit B containing a variable capacitance diode; 22 is a metal shell; 23 is an inductance fixing rod; 24 is an inductor I; 25 is an inductor II; 26 is inductor three; 27 is a plectrum guide rod; 28 is a fragment moving rod; 29 is a screw thread; 30 is a nut; 31 is a plectrum.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Implementing one step:
as shown in fig. 1, a portable adjustable stable alternating current high voltage generating system comprises a single chip microcomputer (5), and is characterized in that a small computer (16) is connected with the single chip microcomputer (5); the singlechip (5) is respectively connected with the comparator (4), the electric regulation switch A (6), the operational amplifier (14), the phase-locked loop (17), the stepping motor A (18) and the stepping motor B (19); the phase-locked loop (17) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is connected with the electrically-regulated switch A (6); the electric regulation switch A (6) is respectively connected with a power amplifier A (7), a power amplifier B (8) and a power amplifier C (9); the power amplifier A (7), the power amplifier B (8) and the power amplifier C (9) are connected with an electric regulation switch B (10); the electric regulation switch B (10), the stepping motor A (18) and the stepping motor B (19) are connected with the high-voltage booster (11); one end of the high-voltage booster (11) outputs, and the other end of the high-voltage booster is connected with the voltage reduction circuit (12); the voltage reduction circuit (12) is connected with the detector (13); the detector (13) is respectively connected with the comparator (4) and the operational amplifier (14); the operational amplifier (14) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the comparator (4) is respectively connected with the power supply switch (3) and the electric regulation switch A (6); the power supply switch (3) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2) and the power adapter (1); the power adapter (1) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2); the input end of the power adapter (1) is connected with 220V.
As shown in fig. 3, the power amplifier circuit is composed of an electrically tunable switch a (6), a power amplifier a (7), a power amplifier B (8), a power amplifier C (9), and an electrically tunable switch B (10), and includes a power amplifier MRFE6VS25N, a capacitor, an inductor, a resistor, a variable resistor, and a zener diode. In the circuit, four D Zener are voltage-stabilizing diodes, the positive input ends of the diodes are connected in series to the ground, and the other ends of the diodes are connected with a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor CAP1, a capacitor CAP2, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R5. The other ends of the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the capacitor C3, the capacitor C4, the capacitor CAP1 and the capacitor CAP2 are all grounded. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a resistor R1 and a power supply VCC, and four parallel capacitors, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor CAP3 and an inductor L1 are connected. The other end of the R1 is connected to four parallel capacitors, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a capacitor CAP4 and an inductor L2. The other end of the L1 is connected to the capacitor C12 and the inductor L3 connected to the other end of the ground, and the drain (reference numeral 1) of the power amplifier Q1, and the other end of the inductor L3 is connected to the capacitor C13 connected to the other end of the ground and the capacitor C11 connected to the output terminal (RF OUT). The source (3) of the power amplifier Q1 is grounded, the gate (2) of the power amplifier Q1 is connected to a capacitor C15 and the tap of the sliding rheostat R7, and one end of the other end of the sliding rheostat R7 is connected to the resistor R8 and the resistor R5 which are grounded. The other end of the capacitor C15 is connected to a capacitor C17 with the other end grounded and an inductor L4. The other end of the inductor L4 is connected to a capacitor C16 and a capacitor C14, the other end of which is connected to ground. The capacitor C14 is connected to the inductor L2 and the drain (reference numeral 1) of the power amplifier Q2. The source (reference numeral 3) of the power amplifier Q2 is connected to ground. The gate (reference numeral 2) of the power amplifier Q2 is connected to a capacitor C20 with the other end grounded and to a tap of an inductor L5 and a sliding varistor R4. The other two ends of the sliding rheostat are connected with the resistor R6 with the other end grounded and the other end connected with the resistor R3. The other terminal of the inductor L5 is connected to a capacitor C19 connected to ground at the other terminal and a capacitor C18 connected to the input terminal (RF IN) at the other terminal.
The electric regulation switch B (10) is connected with a transmission line through an SMA adapter, and then is connected with a high-voltage booster (11) through the transmission line, and the input of the high-voltage booster (11) is accessed by a coaxial line.
Carry out two
As shown in fig. 2, an input/output matching circuit including a varactor is adopted, an original electrically tunable switch a (6) is replaced by an input matching circuit a (20) including a varactor, and an electrically tunable switch B (10) is replaced by an input matching circuit B (21) including a varactor, and the structure is as follows:
the small computer (16) is connected with the singlechip (5); the singlechip (5) is respectively connected with the comparator (4), an input matching circuit A (10) containing a variable capacitance diode, a power amplifier A (7), an operational amplifier (14), a phase-locked loop (17), a stepping motor A (18) and a stepping motor B (19); the phase-locked loop (17) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is connected with an input matching circuit A (10) containing a variable capacitance diode; an input matching circuit A (10) containing a variable capacitance diode is connected with a power amplifier A (7); the power amplifier A (7) is connected with an input/output matching circuit B (21) containing a variable capacitance diode; an input/output matching circuit B (21) containing a variable capacitance diode, a stepping motor A (18) and a stepping motor B (19) are connected with the high-voltage booster (11); one end of the high-voltage booster (11) outputs, and the other end of the high-voltage booster is connected with the voltage reduction circuit (12); the voltage reduction circuit (12) is connected with the detector (13); the detector (13) is respectively connected with the comparator (4) and the operational amplifier (14); the operational amplifier (14) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the comparator (4) is connected with the power supply switch (3); the power supply switch (3) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2) and the transformer (1); the transformer (1) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2); the input end of the transformer (1) is connected with 220V.
As shown in fig. 4, the input matching circuit a (10) with the varactor diode is connected with a power amplifier a (7); the power amplifier A (7) is connected with the input/output matching circuit B (21) group of power amplifying circuits comprising variable capacitance diodes, and comprises a power amplifier MRFE6VS25N, a capacitor, an inductor, a resistor, a variable resistor and a voltage stabilizing diode. In the circuit, four D Zener are voltage-stabilizing diodes, the positive input ends of the diodes are connected in series to the ground, and the other ends of the diodes are connected with a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor CAP1, a capacitor CAP2, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R5. The other ends of the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the capacitor C3, the capacitor C4, the capacitor CAP1 and the capacitor CAP2 are all grounded. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a resistor R1 and a power supply VCC, and four parallel capacitors, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor CAP3 and an inductor L1 are connected. The other end of the R1 is connected to four parallel capacitors, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a capacitor CAP4 and an inductor L2. The other end of L1 is connected to positive side grounded varactor D1, inductor L3 and the drain of power amplifier Q1 (labeled 1), and the other end of inductor L3 is connected to positive side grounded varactor D2 and another capacitor C11 terminating in an output terminal (RF OUT). The source (3) of the power amplifier Q1 is grounded, the gate (2) of the power amplifier Q1 is connected to a capacitor C13 and the tap of the sliding rheostat R7, and one end of the other end of the sliding rheostat R7 is connected to the resistor R8 and the resistor R5 which are grounded. The other end of the capacitor C13 is connected to a positive side grounded varactor D4 and an inductor L4. The other end of the inductor L4 is connected to a positive side grounded varactor D3 and capacitor C12. The capacitor C12 is connected to the inductor L2 and the drain (reference numeral 1) of the power amplifier Q2. The source (reference numeral 3) of the power amplifier Q2 is connected to ground. The gate (reference numeral 2) of the power amplifier Q2 is connected to a positive side grounded varactor D6 and a tap of an inductor L5 and a sliding varistor R4. The other two ends of the sliding rheostat are connected with the resistor R6 with the other end grounded and the other end connected with the resistor R3. The other end of the inductor L5 is connected to a positive side grounded varactor D5 and a capacitor C14 whose other end is connected to the input terminal (RF IN);
the output end of the input/output matching circuit B (21) containing the variable capacitance diode is connected with a transmission line through an SMA adapter, and then is connected with the high-voltage booster (11) through the transmission line, and the input of the high-voltage booster (11) is accessed by a coaxial line.
The single-chip microcomputer adopts an MSP430F438 single-chip microcomputer.
The single chip microcomputer (5) is connected with a phase-locked loop (17) through a serial port, and the output of an ADF4351 of the phase-locked loop (17) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA)) (15) ADL 5331.
As shown in fig. 5, the voltage dropping circuit (12) is composed of two 50K ohm resistors R1 and R2, a 1:1 balun K1 and a 50 ohm resistor R3. One ends of the resistors R1 and R2 are connected to both ends of the load resistor RL behind the booster, respectively. And the other ends of R1 and R2 are connected to both ends of the primary side of balun K1, respectively. The secondary side of the balun K1 is connected to ground at one end and to a resistor R3 connected to ground at the other end and to an output terminal.
As shown in fig. 6, the high voltage booster (11) is: an inductance fixing rod (23) and a plectrum guide rod (27) are fixed in the metal shell (22), and two ends of a plectrum moving rod (28) penetrate through the metal shell (22); an inductor I (24) and an inductor III (26) are wound at two ends of the inductor fixing rod (23), and an inductor II (25) is wound in the middle of the inductor fixing rod; one ends of the first inductor (24), the second inductor (25) and the third inductor (26) are grounded, the other ends of the first inductor (24) and the third inductor (26) are fixed on the inductor fixing rod (23), and the other end of the second inductor (25) is connected with a resistor and an inductor; both ends are non-conductive material connection metal pole on plectrum carriage release lever (28), metal pole connecting rod, and non-conductive material is connected to the threaded rod intermediate junction, and each cover has a plectrum (29) on two sections threaded rods, and plectrum (29) below through-hole is run through by plectrum guide bar (27), and coupling nut (30) on the metal pole at plectrum carriage release lever (28) both ends, electricity intercommunication between two nuts (30) is equipped with parallelly connected resistance and electric capacity.
The phase-locked loop (17), the stepping motor A (18), the stepping motor B (19), the electric regulation switch A (6), the electric regulation switch B (10), the input matching circuit A (20) with the variable capacitance diode and the variable capacitance diode variable capacitance voltage of the input matching circuit B (21) with the variable capacitance diode are all controlled by the singlechip (5), and the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is indirectly controlled by the singlechip to generate a reference signal through the operational amplifier (14).
Implementing one step:
as shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, the phase-locked loop (17) used in the experiment is used to generate signals of various frequencies, the phase-locked loop used in the experiment is ADF4351, which can output minimum-4 dBm power and maximum 5dBm power at frequencies from 35MHz to 4400MHz (the boosting device is expected to output high voltage from 50M to 200 MHz), a 10dB attenuator is added behind the phase-locked loop, so that the power input to the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is approximately-14 dBm to-5 dBm, the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) used in the experiment is ADL5331 (the operating frequency is 1MHz to 1.2 GHz), and the gain from-10 dB to 13dB from 50MHz to 200MHz can be realized according to a data manual. The Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) can provide-24 dBm to 8dBm input power for the later-stage power amplifiers (7), (8), (9) at 50MHz to 200 MHz.
The rear-stage power amplifiers (7), (8) and (9) both adopt two cascaded LDMOS field effect transistors of MRFE6VS25N, the power amplifiers (7), (8) and (9) can realize 25dB gain and 25W maximum output power from 50MHz to 200MHz, the experiment presets that both the first-stage power amplifier and the second-stage power amplifier are 18dB gain, the experiment can meet the experiment requirement only by requiring that the power amplifiers can output at least 20W (43dBm) power at most, the first-stage output power of the power amplifiers (7), (8) and (9) can be estimated according to the maximum input power of 8dBm provided by the front-stage circuit, the first-stage output power of the power amplifiers (7), (8) and (9) is approximately 26dBm (0.4W), and the second-stage can achieve the output power of 43dBm (20W) only. According to the method of the first embodiment, the frequency band range of the power amplifier (7) with the center frequency of 65MHz is 50MHz to 80MHz, the center frequency of the power amplifier (8) is 80MHz to 130MHz, and the center frequency of the power amplifier (9) is 200 MHz. In order to achieve the desired goal, the first stage of the power amplifier (7) (8) (9) is designed to have an output power of 27dBm (0.5W) at a maximum input of 8dBm, i.e. a gain of 19dB is required (preset to 18dB, where a margin of 1dB is provided), according to R = U ^2/(2P) = (40 x 0.7) ^2/(2 ^ 1) =392 ohm, the power amplifier (7) (8) (9) recommends a supply drain-source voltage of VDS =50V according to the data manual, but according to practical experiments it can be concluded that the experimental requirements of the first stage can be met only with 40V for VDS (drain-source voltage), since 40V for the first stage VDS supply voltage and 40V for ac voltage swing is practically impossible, where ac is set to 0.7 times dc voltage and the maximum output power is set to 1W according to practical experience, the purpose of this arrangement is that we can achieve a first stage output of 0.5W, and the required output impedance of the first stage power amplifier can be estimated to be approximately 392 ohms according to the above formula. The second stage input impedance of the power amplifiers (7), (8) and (9) need only be matched to 392 ohms. According to the experimental requirement that the output power of the second stage power amplifier needs 20W (43dBm), by estimating that the output impedance of the second stage of the power amplifier (7) (8) (9) needs approximately R = U ^2/(2P) = (50 × 0.7) ^2/(2 × 20) =31 ohm, only 50 ohm (the standard input and output impedance of various test equipment and devices is 50 ohm, and when all devices are 50 ohm, matching can be realized when the devices are cascaded with each other) of the external impedance value needs to be matched to 31 ohm for the output of the second stage power amplifier, and for the input stage matching of the power amplifier, the reflection coefficient of the vector network measuring instrument needs to be minimum (because the instrument impedance of the vector network measuring instrument is 50 ohm, the measured result is the minimum reflection coefficient of the power amplifier to 50 ohm, the effect of no reflection matching of the input of the power amplifier can be achieved). The power amplifiers (7), (8) and (9) respectively match the impedances of all stages of the 65MHz, 105MHz and 165MHz power amplifiers to the impedances, and the corresponding bandwidth is met through testing. According to actual high-temperature tests, the gains of the whole power amplifier (7), (8) and (9) systems are externally positive-temperature-characteristic, namely, the gains of the power amplifiers are increased along with the increase of temperature, and the stability of the output of the whole system is influenced. Two measures are taken here to ensure that the power amplifiers (7), (8), (9) are affected as little as possible by temperature. Firstly, a proper cavity is designed for a power amplifier board, heat-conducting silicone grease is coated on the power amplifiers of the power amplifiers (7), (8) and (9) and is placed in the cavity, and then a small fan is connected to the back of the cavity by heat-conducting glue, so that the cavity and the fan can provide a heat dissipation effect for the power amplifier.
And secondly, by utilizing the negative temperature characteristic of the Zener diodes, connecting 4 Zener diodes capable of stabilizing voltage of about 2V in series into a VGS (gate source voltage) input bias circuit of the two-stage power amplifier, namely, the voltage can be stabilized to 8V finally, then designing a voltage division circuit, adding an adjustable resistor into the voltage division circuit, adjusting the VGS direct current bias voltage to be more than 2.5V, if the temperature is increased, the voltage stabilization value of the Zener diodes can be reduced to enable the total voltage stabilization value to be less than 8V, so that the power amplifier gain can be reduced when the VGS direct current bias voltage is less than 2.5V, the phenomenon that the gain of the power amplifier system of the original power amplifier is increased due to the temperature rise is counteracted, and the effect of stable output of the whole power amplifier system is achieved. The power amplifiers (7), (8) and (9) are determined by the frequency set by a user in a small computer (16), and the singlechip (5) controls the electric regulation switch A (6) and the electric regulation switch B (10) to switch on which power amplifier according to the frequency band to which the set frequency belongs. The power amplifier (7) circuit is specifically as follows, and the power amplifiers (8) and (9) are similar in circuit, but the inductance and capacitance values of the input and the output are changed, as shown in fig. 3.
The post-stage booster (11) boosts the voltage by combining the series resonance and the parallel resonance of a capacitor and an inductor, and ensures the high Q value of the disturbed inductor by a silver-plated coil. According to the resonance principle, when the capacitance and the inductance resonate, the maximum energy conversion is obtained, and the discharge energy of one of the capacitance and the inductance is equal to the stored energy of the other one. That is, when L1 and C1 resonate, L1 and C1 can obtain the maximum energy, where the voltage across C1 is U1= (1/C1) × idt, and the voltage across U1 is changed from the primary side of the transformer to the voltage across U2 on the basis of the transformer transformation principle, and at this time, if the mutual inductance generated on the secondary side by L3, L4, and L2 can resonate with C2, the maximum voltage can be obtained on the secondary side, and at the same time, U0= U2= (1/C1) × idt. While for different frequency point series resonance we can use high voltage resistant variable capacitance to act as C1 (generally, a screw on the variable capacitance can be rotated to change the capacitance value), for parallel resonance we can change the inductance values of secondary side inductances L3 and L4 by changing the position of the spring plectrum, and estimate the capacitance and inductance value needed to change according to resonance frequency fc = 1/(LC under 2 pi root). In practice, a stepping motor A (18) and a stepping motor B (19) are respectively connected with a variable capacitor and a rotating shaft of a spring plectrum on the secondary side of a transformer, when the stepping motor A (18) rotates, the capacitor C1 is changed, when the stepping motor B (19) rotates, inductors L3 and L4 are changed, in practice, the capacitors and the inductors at each frequency point during series resonance and parallel resonance can be measured, the rotating angle is measured, the L1 and the C1 can resonate at different frequencies, and the mutual inductance generated by the L3, the L4 and the L2 on the secondary side and the C2 can resonate. R1 and R2 are 50K omega resistors which together with a 1:1 balun K1 and a parallel 50 ohm resistor form a step-down circuit (12) which is connected via transmission lines to the capacitance of the booster output. The 50K Ω resistor is high-impedance relative to the load 5K Ω so that the influence of the 50K Ω resistor on the load RL is small, the balun K1 plays a role of converting a differential circuit into a single-ended circuit, and R1: R3= R2: R3=1000, so that the voltage reduction circuit can reduce the high voltage by 2000 times and output the voltage from the U side, as shown in fig. 5.
The U test outputs a voltage proportional to the high voltage, the voltage is input into a detector (13), a 1:1 power divider is connected behind the detector (13), the signal of the detector (13) is divided into 2 paths, one path is input into an operational amplifier (14), and the other path is input into a comparator (4). The negative input end of the comparator (4) is connected with the power divider, and the positive input end is connected with the singlechip (5). The single chip microcomputer (5) provides a highest safety voltage preset by a booster, the highest safety voltage is subjected to voltage presented by the power divider at the negative end of the comparator (4) through the voltage divider circuit (12) and the detector (13), the voltage is provided for the positive input end and the negative input end to be compared, when the voltage of the negative input end is higher than the voltage, the comparator outputs a high level to turn off the electric regulation switch A (6) and turn off the power supply switch (3), so that a signal input path and a direct current power supply path of equipment are simultaneously turned off, and the equipment is protected.
Fig. 7 and 8 show experimental test graphs of the booster output voltage Uo, it can be seen that this test is performed by using a 100-time attenuation probe at 91M, the output voltage can reach 4770V when the power amplifier supplies power of 15W (the power supply voltage adopts a double 24V series connection form of 48V, actually we adopt 50V power supply, the power supply voltage shows to be reduced due to high-voltage radiation during the experiment, and no radiation is generated when the device is installed in a final system metal shell), and it can be seen that the boosting effect of the system is obvious, see fig. 6. According to experimental tests, the maximum voltage of the system from 50MHz to 200MHz can reach at least 6000V, the device finally takes 6000V as the maximum output voltage, and the minimum voltage can provide hundreds of millivolts.
The booster uses a C2 capacitor that is not high voltage tolerant, a high voltage capacitor having an equivalent parasitic resistance of approximately 5k omega.
The operational amplifier (14) adopts MAX4265, wherein the negative input end voltage of the operational amplifier (14) is the output voltage of the other end of the power divider, the negative input end voltage is a voltage which is corresponding to the output voltage of the booster through the wave detector (13) of the step-down circuit (12) and the power divider one by one according to the output voltage of the booster, and the positive input end of the operational amplifier (14) is a reference voltage provided by the singlechip (5). The subtraction of the negative end voltage from the positive end voltage enables the operational amplifier (14) to output a voltage for controlling the gain of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA), the control voltage can change the gain of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA), the output power of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) corresponds to a booster (11) to output a high voltage, and the electrically-regulated switch (6) of the power amplifier (7) (8) (9) of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is used for electrically regulating the switch (10), the detector (13) of the booster (11) and the voltage reduction circuit (12) of the power divider and the operational amplifier (14) form negative feedback. The positive input end of the operational amplifier (14) determines the gain of a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) under the ideal condition according to the level of the reference voltage generated by the singlechip (5), and when the reference voltage is high, the gain of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) is increased, and conversely, the gain of the VGA is decreased. When a reference voltage corresponding to the gain of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) is set through the singlechip (5) according to requirements, the reference voltage does not change any more, and if the reference voltage is influenced by interference factors such as environment, the booster voltage is higher than the set output voltage, the voltage of the negative input end of the operational amplifier (14) is raised inevitably, the original reference voltage generated by the singlechip (5) is not changed, the output voltage uo = A (uid) = A (u + -u-) of the operational amplifier (14) is reduced, the control voltage of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is reduced, the output power of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is reduced, and the booster voltage is reduced. Similarly, if the output voltage of the booster (11) is lower than the set voltage, the output voltage uo of the operational amplifier (14) will become larger, the control voltage of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) will become larger, the output power of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) will become larger, and the booster voltage will rise. Therefore, the negative feedback system ensures the stability of the output voltage of the boosting system, and when the voltage fluctuates up and down due to interference, the system can automatically control the gain of the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (namely, an AGC (automatic gain control) system is formed), so that the output voltage is stable and reliable. Note that: the operational amplifier (14) uses its property in the linear amplification region as shown in fig. 9 below, where u1 is the uid input to our system, and u1 becomes larger, uo becomes larger, and vice versa. Thereby functioning as negative feedback.
The second implementation:
the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in that the capacitance of an LC circuit used for input matching, interstage matching and output matching of the power amplifier is changed into a varactor diode, the inductance value is fixed, and the matching resonant frequency is changed by changing the capacitance value only by changing the control voltage of the varactor diode. Since the matching resonant frequency can be changed according to the resonant frequency formula fc = 1/(LC under 2 pi × root) only by changing the capacitance value (where L and C are respectively the small inductance value and capacitance value of all the inductance and capacitance values in the input-output matching network), the Q value (quality factor) of the whole circuit is low, that is, the frequency interference resistance is weak, and the output power efficiency is low compared with the implementation one. Since the latter booster (11) is a high-Q device, the relatively low Q of the power amplifier here is less likely to cause instability of the circuit and interference of excessive harmonics. Therefore, the method for implementing the second embodiment can be implemented in the present boosting system, and the specific circuit diagram is shown in the circuit diagram of fig. 4.
Claims (10)
1. A portable adjustable stable alternating current high voltage generating system comprises a single chip microcomputer (5), and is characterized in that a small computer (16) is connected with the single chip microcomputer (5); the singlechip (5) is respectively connected with the comparator (4), the electric regulation switch A (6), the operational amplifier (14), the phase-locked loop (17), the stepping motor A (18) and the stepping motor B (19); the phase-locked loop (17) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is connected with the electrically-regulated switch A (6); the electric regulation switch A (6) is respectively connected with a power amplifier A (7), a power amplifier B (8) and a power amplifier C (9); the power amplifier A (7), the power amplifier B (8) and the power amplifier C (9) are connected with an electric regulation switch B (10); the electric regulation switch B (10), the stepping motor A (18) and the stepping motor B (19) are connected with the high-voltage booster (11); one end of the high-voltage booster (11) outputs, and the other end of the high-voltage booster is connected with the voltage reduction circuit (12); the voltage reduction circuit (12) is connected with the detector (13); the detector (13) is respectively connected with the comparator (4) and the operational amplifier (14); the operational amplifier (14) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the comparator (4) is respectively connected with the power supply switch (3) and the electric regulation switch A (6); the power supply switch (3) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2) and the power adapter (1); the power adapter (1) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2); the input end of the power adapter (1) is connected with 220V.
2. The portable adjustable stable AC high voltage generation system according to claim 1, wherein the electrically tunable switch A (6), the power amplifier A (7), the power amplifier B (8), the power amplifier C (9), and the electrically tunable switch B (10) form a power amplification circuit, wherein the power amplification circuit comprises four D Zener diodes each of which is a Zener diode, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12, a capacitor C13, a capacitor C14, a capacitor C15, a capacitor C16, a capacitor C17, a capacitor C18, a capacitor C19, a capacitor C20, a capacitor CAP1, a capacitor CAP2, a capacitor 3, a capacitor CAP4, an inductor L1, an inductor L2, an inductor L3, an inductor L4, an inductor L36R 72, a resistor 36R 72, a sliding resistor 36R 72, a resistor 36R 72, a 36R 72, a slide rheostat R7, a power amplifier Q1 and a power amplifier Q2.
3. The portable adjustable stable alternating current high voltage generation system according to claim 1, wherein the electrically adjustable switch B (10) is connected with a transmission line through an SMA adapter, and then is connected with the high voltage booster (11) through the transmission line, and the input of the high voltage booster (11) is accessed by a coaxial line.
4. The portable adjustable stable alternating current high voltage generation system according to claim 1, wherein an input and output matching circuit with a varactor is adopted, the original electrically tunable switch a (6) is replaced by an input matching circuit a (20) with a varactor, and the electrically tunable switch B (10) is replaced by an input matching circuit B (21) with a varactor, and the structure is as follows:
the small computer (16) is connected with the singlechip (5); the singlechip (5) is respectively connected with the comparator (4), an input matching circuit A (10) containing a variable capacitance diode, a power amplifier A (7), an operational amplifier (14), a phase-locked loop (17), a stepping motor A (18) and a stepping motor B (19); the phase-locked loop (17) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is connected with an input matching circuit A (10) containing a variable capacitance diode; an input matching circuit A (10) containing a variable capacitance diode is connected with a power amplifier A (7); the power amplifier A (7) is connected with an input/output matching circuit B (21) containing a variable capacitance diode; an input/output matching circuit B (21) containing a variable capacitance diode, a stepping motor A (18) and a stepping motor B (19) are connected with the high-voltage booster (11); one end of the high-voltage booster (11) outputs, and the other end of the high-voltage booster is connected with the voltage reduction circuit (12); the voltage reduction circuit (12) is connected with the detector (13); the detector (13) is respectively connected with the comparator (4) and the operational amplifier (14); the operational amplifier (14) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15); the comparator (4) is connected with the power supply switch (3); the power supply switch (3) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2) and the transformer (1); the transformer (1) is connected with the rechargeable battery (2); the input end of the transformer (1) is connected with 220V.
5. A portable adjustable stable AC high voltage generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that the input matching circuit A (10) containing varactor diode is connected to the power amplifier A (7); the power amplifier A (7) is connected with an input/output matching circuit B (21) comprising a variable capacitance diode to form a power amplifying circuit, wherein four D Zener in the circuit are all voltage stabilizing diodes, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12, a capacitor C13, a capacitor C14, a variable capacitance diode D1, a variable capacitance diode D2, a variable capacitance diode D3, a variable capacitance diode D4, a variable capacitance diode D5, a variable capacitance diode D6, a capacitor CAP1, a capacitor CAP2, an inductor L2, a resistor R2, a sliding resistor R2 and a sliding resistor R36Q.
6. The portable adjustable stable alternating current high voltage generation system according to claim 4, wherein the output end of the input/output matching circuit B (21) containing the varactor diode is connected with a transmission line through an SMA adapter, and then is connected with the high voltage booster (11) through the transmission line, and the input of the high voltage booster (11) is accessed through a coaxial line.
7. The portable adjustable stable ac high voltage generation system according to claims 1 and 4, wherein the single chip microcomputer is an MSP430F438 single chip microcomputer; the single chip microcomputer (5) is connected with a phase-locked loop (17) through a serial port, and the output of an ADF4351 of the phase-locked loop (17) is connected with a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA)) (15) ADL 5331.
8. A portable adjustable stable AC high voltage generation system according to claim 1, 4, characterized in that said voltage reduction circuit (12) is composed of two 50K ohm resistors R1 and R2 and a 1:1 balun K1 and a 50 ohm resistor R3.
9. A portable, adjustable, stable AC high voltage generation system according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the high voltage booster (11) is: an inductance fixing rod (23) and a plectrum guide rod (27) are fixed in the metal shell (22), and two ends of a plectrum moving rod (28) penetrate through the metal shell (22); an inductor I (24) and an inductor III (26) are wound at two ends of the inductor fixing rod (23), and an inductor II (25) is wound in the middle of the inductor fixing rod; one ends of the first inductor (24), the second inductor (25) and the third inductor (26) are grounded, the other ends of the first inductor (24) and the third inductor (26) are fixed on the inductor fixing rod (23), and the other end of the second inductor (25) is connected with a resistor and an inductor; both ends are non-conductive material connection metal pole on plectrum carriage release lever (28), metal pole connecting rod, and non-conductive material is connected to the threaded rod intermediate junction, and each cover has a plectrum (29) on two sections threaded rods, and plectrum (29) below through-hole is run through by plectrum guide bar (27), and coupling nut (30) on the metal pole at plectrum carriage release lever (28) both ends, electricity intercommunication between two nuts (30) is equipped with parallelly connected resistance and electric capacity.
10. The portable adjustable stable alternating current high voltage generation system according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the phase-locked loop (17), the stepping motor A (18), the stepping motor B (19), the electric tuning switch A (6), the electric tuning switch B (10), the variable capacitance diode variable capacitance voltage of the input matching circuit A (20) with the variable capacitance diode and the input matching circuit B (21) with the variable capacitance diode are all controlled by the single chip microcomputer (5), and the Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) (15) is indirectly controlled by the single chip microcomputer through the operational amplifier (14) by generating a reference signal.
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