CN112146894B - Method for testing and evaluating no-load loss of electric drive assembly based on whole vehicle working condition - Google Patents
Method for testing and evaluating no-load loss of electric drive assembly based on whole vehicle working condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing no-load loss of an electric drive assembly based on the working condition of a whole vehicle, which comprises the following steps: selecting a working mode of the electric drive assembly in a no-load running state of the whole vehicle; building an electric drive assembly no-load loss test bench under the working mode; setting the operating condition of the rack, and carrying out no-load loss test; the method comprises the steps that the output rotating speed of an electric drive assembly is controlled through a dynamometer to simulate actual running speeds of different electric automobiles, rotating speed test points and running time of each rotating speed working point are set, and test data are recorded after the output rotating speed and torque of the electric drive assembly of each measuring point are stable; sequentially calculating the no-load loss P of the electric drive assembly of each measuring point according to the test datalossAnd obtaining a rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly in the working mode through function fitting. The invention further discloses an electric drive assembly no-load loss assessment method based on the whole vehicle working condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric drive assemblies, in particular to a method for testing and evaluating no-load loss of an electric drive assembly based on the working condition of a whole vehicle.
Background
In recent years, China vigorously advances the development of the electric automobile industry, and an electric drive assembly is widely applied as a drive assembly unit of an electric automobile. For an electric automobile driven by a plurality of power sources, such as a hybrid electric automobile, in the running state, the plurality of power sources simultaneously drive the whole automobile to run, and under the condition that the electric drive assembly does not need to provide power output power, the electric drive assembly rotates along with the half shaft because the output shaft is connected with the half shaft, and the running state can be understood as the no-load running of the electric drive assembly; the electric drive assembly will generate extra loss in the no-load operation state, and the part of the loss is the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly. The no-load loss will additionally consume the energy of the whole vehicle, and increase the energy consumption of the electric vehicle.
At present, no accurate assessment method for no-load loss of the electric drive assembly exists in the industry, so that an assessment method for no-load loss of the electric drive assembly based on the working condition of the whole vehicle needs to be explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing and evaluating the no-load loss of an electric drive assembly based on the working condition of the whole automobile, which can accurately test the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly and more accurately evaluate the no-load characteristic of an electric drive system, so that the obtained evaluation result is closer to the influence of the no-load loss in the actual operation of the electric automobile.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for testing no-load loss of an electric drive assembly based on the working condition of a whole vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
(S1) selecting the working mode of the electric drive assembly in the no-load running state of the whole vehicle; the working modes comprise a zero current mode, a zero torque mode and an excitation mode;
(S2) building an electric drive assembly no-load loss test bench under the working mode;
(S3) setting the operation condition of the rack, and carrying out no-load loss test; controlling the output rotating speed of the electric drive assembly through a dynamometer to simulate the actual running speeds of different electric automobiles, setting rotating speed test points and the running time of each rotating speed working point, and starting to record test data after the output rotating speed and the torque of the electric drive assembly of each measuring point are stable; the test data comprises a direct current input voltage U, a direct current input current I, an output rotating speed n and an output torque T of the electric drive assembly, wherein the output rotating speed of the electric drive assembly is the average value of the rotating speeds of the left half shaft end and the right half shaft end, and the output torque of the electric drive assembly is the algebraic sum of the torques of the left half shaft end and the right half shaft end;
(S4) according to the test data, calculating the no-load loss P of the electric drive assembly of each measuring point in sequencelossObtaining a corresponding function relation between the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly and the assembly rotating speed through function fitting to obtain a rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly under the working mode, wherein the no-load loss P of the electric drive assemblylossThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein:
Ploss_eis the electrical power loss of the electrical drive assembly;
Ploss_mis the mechanical power loss of the electric drive assembly;
Plossis no-load loss of the electric drive assembly;
wherein if no-load loss of the electric drive assembly in the working mode does not include electric loss, P isloss_e＝0。
Further, the working mode is a zero current mode, a zero torque mode or an excitation mode; the rotation speed-no-load loss curves of the electric drive assembly in the zero current mode, in the zero torque mode, and in the excitation mode are obtained through the steps (S1) -the step (S4).
Further, if the working mode is a zero current mode and the driving motor module is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, or the working mode is a zero torque mode, or the working mode is an excitation mode and the driving motor module is an asynchronous motor, the rack comprises a motor cooling system, an adjustable low-voltage power supply, a high-voltage direct-current power supply, an electric drive assembly, an upper computer, a first electric dynamometer, a second electric dynamometer and a dynamometer control system, wherein the upper computer, the motor cooling system, the adjustable low-voltage power supply and the high-voltage direct-current power supply are all connected with the electric drive assembly, the first electric dynamometer is connected with the electric drive assembly through a left half shaft, the second electric dynamometer is connected with the electric drive assembly through a right half shaft, and the first electric dynamometer and the second electric dynamometer are both connected with the dynamometer control system;
if the operating mode is zero current mode and driving motor module is asynchronous machine, the rack includes motor cooling system, electric drive assembly, first electric dynamometer machine, second electric dynamometer machine and dynamometer machine control system, motor cooling system is connected with the electric drive assembly, first electric dynamometer machine passes through left semi-axis with the electric drive assembly and is connected, second electric dynamometer machine passes through right semi-axis with the electric drive assembly and is connected, first electric dynamometer machine and second electric dynamometer machine all are connected with dynamometer machine control system.
The invention also provides an assessment method of no-load loss of the electric drive assembly based on the working condition of the whole vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
(D1) selecting an evaluation working condition according to the energy consumption rate and the driving range requirement of the electric automobile to obtain the corresponding relation between the speed and the time of the whole automobile under the evaluation working condition, and converting the speed into the rotating speed of the electric drive assembly by combining the parameters of the tyre of the whole automobile to obtain the corresponding relation between the rotating speed and the time of the electric drive assembly;
(D2) based on the selected cycle working condition, calculating the no-load loss power at the vehicle speed of each working condition point by combining the rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly; the no-load loss energy under a cycle working condition is obtained through calculation by an energy integration method, the average power consumption of the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly under the selected cycle working condition is obtained by dividing the no-load loss energy by the total running time of the cycle working condition, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
Pavethe average power consumption under the working condition of the electric drive assembly;
t is the period of a cycle condition;
Plossis no-load loss of the electric drive assembly;
the electric drive assembly rotating speed-no-load loss curve is measured by the method for testing the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly based on the working condition of the whole vehicle;
(D3) benefit of acquisitionThe rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly in the zero current mode, the zero torque mode and the excitation mode is measured by the electric drive assembly no-load loss test method based on the working condition of the whole vehicle, then the average power consumption of the electric drive assembly corresponding to the zero current mode, the zero torque mode and the excitation mode is respectively calculated through the step (D2), the proportion of each working mode in the actual use process of the vehicle is determined by combining the actual use scene, and the weighting coefficient w is obtained1、w2And w3And obtaining the no-load loss of the electric drive system based on the use condition of the whole vehicle through weighting calculation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
P＝w1Pave1+w2Pave2+w3Pave3
wherein:
p is the no-load loss of the weighted electric drive assembly;
Pave1、Pave2、Pave3the average power consumption of the electric drive assembly is respectively in a zero current mode, a zero torque mode and an excitation mode;
w1、w2and w3The weighting coefficients of the zero current mode, the zero torque mode and the excitation mode under the working condition of the whole vehicle are respectively.
Further, the evaluation condition is an NEDC evaluation condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a no-load loss test and evaluation method of an electric drive assembly, which combines the actual state of the electric drive assembly under the running working condition of a whole vehicle to divide the working mode of the no-load loss test into three types: the zero current mode, the zero torque mode and the excitation mode can be used for measuring the no-load loss curve of the corresponding electric drive assembly according to the set mode. And calculating to obtain average power consumption corresponding to different modes based on the whole vehicle energy consumption rate and the driving range evaluation working condition, determining the proportion of each no-load running mode in the actual use process of the electric vehicle by combining an actual use scene, and obtaining a final no-load loss evaluation result through weighting calculation. The assessment result obtained by the electric drive assembly no-load loss testing and assessing method based on the whole vehicle working condition is closer to the influence of no-load loss in the actual operation of the electric vehicle, and the assessment result is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing no-load loss of an electric drive assembly based on the working condition of a whole vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the gantry of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates an operation condition of the bench dynamometer;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the no-load loss test results in a zero current mode of an electric drive assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an electric drive assembly NEDC cycle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a motor cooling system; 2-an adjustable low voltage power supply; 3-a high voltage direct current power supply; 4-an electric drive assembly; 5-an upper computer; 6-a first electric dynamometer, 61-a left half shaft; 7-second electric dynamometer, 71-right axle shaft; 8-dynamometer control system.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
According to the no-load running state of the electric drive assembly in the whole vehicle, three working modes can be divided, wherein the first mode is a zero-current mode, namely no current flows in the electric drive assembly, no power loss exists in the state, the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly is only mechanical loss, attention needs to be paid to that when a driving motor module is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, the assembly is damaged by back electromotive force generated by a motor rotor at a high rotating speed, weak magnetic control needs to be carried out at the moment, and the no-load loss in the state comprises two parts of mechanical loss and electric loss; the second mode is a zero-torque mode, namely the torque of the output end of the electric drive assembly is controlled to be zero, the mechanical loss of the electric drive assembly is overcome by consuming electric energy in the state, but the torque of the actual output end is not completely zero due to the accuracy deviation of torque control, and the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly in the mode consists of two parts, namely mechanical loss and electric loss; the third mode is an excitation mode, which is to say that for the condition that the driving motor module is an asynchronous motor, for an electric drive assembly comprising the asynchronous motor, in order to improve the power response speed of the electric drive assembly, excitation current is preset in a no-load running state, and the no-load loss of the electric drive system in the state comprises two parts of mechanical loss and electric loss.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the embodiment discloses a method for testing no-load loss of an electric drive assembly based on a working condition of a whole vehicle, which includes the following steps:
(S1) selecting the working mode of the electric drive assembly in the no-load running state of the whole vehicle;
(S2) building an electric drive assembly no-load loss test bench under the working mode;
(S3) setting the operation condition of the rack, and carrying out no-load loss test; the method comprises the steps that the output rotating speed of an electric drive assembly is controlled through a dynamometer to simulate actual running speeds of different electric automobiles, rotating speed test points and running time of each rotating speed working point are set, and test data are recorded after the output rotating speed and torque of the electric drive assembly of each measuring point are stable; the operation speed of the electric drive assembly is from zero to the highest working speed, the step length and the operation time of each working condition point can be set according to actual requirements, and referring to fig. 3, if the selected maximum speed of the electric drive assembly is 1000r/min and the set step length is 100r/min, the rotation speed test points are 0,100r/min, 200r/min, …, 900r/min and 1000r/min, and the operation time of each working condition point is set to be 10 s.
(S4) according to the test data, calculating the no-load loss P of the electric drive assembly of each measuring point in sequencelossAnd obtaining a corresponding function relation between the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly and the assembly rotating speed through function fitting to obtain a rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly in the working mode.
In this embodiment, the test data includes a dc input voltage U, a dc input current I, an output rotation speed n, and an output torque T of the electric drive assembly, where the output rotation speed of the electric drive assembly is an average value of rotation speeds of the left and right half-axle ends, and the output torque of the electric drive assembly is an algebraic sum of torques of the left and right half-axle ends; calculating the electricity of the electric drive assembly at the measuring point through the test dataLoss power Ploss_eAnd mechanical power loss Ploss_m(ii) a The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
Ploss_eis the electrical power loss of the electric drive assembly;
Ploss_mis the mechanical power loss of the electric drive assembly;
wherein if no-load loss of the electric drive assembly in the working mode does not include electric loss, P isloss_e＝0。
In the embodiment, the working mode is a zero current mode, a zero torque mode or an excitation mode; the rotation speed-no-load loss curves of the electric drive assembly in the zero current mode, in the zero torque mode, and in the excitation mode are obtained through the steps (S1) -the step (S4).
Referring to fig. 2, if the operation mode is the zero current mode and the driving motor module is the permanent magnet synchronous motor, or the operation mode is the zero torque mode, or the operation mode is the excitation mode and the driving motor module is the asynchronous motor, the rack comprises a motor cooling system 1, an adjustable low-voltage power supply 2, a high-voltage direct-current power supply 3, an electric drive assembly 4, an upper computer 5, a first electric dynamometer 6, a second electric dynamometer 7 and a dynamometer control system 8, the upper computer 5, the motor cooling system 1, the adjustable low-voltage power supply 2 and the high-voltage direct-current power supply 3 are all connected with an electric drive assembly 4, the first electric dynamometer 6 is connected with the electric drive assembly 4 through a left half shaft 61, the second electric dynamometer 7 is connected with the electric drive assembly 4 through a right half shaft 71, the first electric dynamometer 6 and the second electric dynamometer 7 are both connected with a dynamometer control system 8;
if the operating mode is zero current mode and driving motor module is asynchronous machine, the rack includes motor cooling system 1, electric drive assembly 4, first electric dynamometer machine 6, second electric dynamometer machine 7 and dynamometer machine control system 8, motor cooling system 1 is connected with electric drive assembly 4, first electric dynamometer machine 6 is connected through left semi-axis 61 with electric drive assembly 4, second electric dynamometer machine 7 is connected through right semi-axis 71 with electric drive assembly 4, first electric dynamometer machine 6 and second electric dynamometer machine 7 all are connected with dynamometer machine control system 8. If the selected working mode is a zero current mode and the driving motor module is an asynchronous motor, no requirement for electric energy input exists in the testing process, the high-low voltage wiring harness can not be connected with the electric driving system according to actual conditions, the testing equipment can not comprise electric driving system-level components such as a battery simulator, a low-voltage power supply and the high-low voltage wiring harness, and the rack detects the mechanical loss of the electric driving assembly 4 through external detection equipment.
The invention also discloses an assessment method of no-load loss of the electric drive assembly based on the working condition of the whole vehicle, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(D1) selecting an evaluation working condition according to the energy consumption rate and the driving range requirement of the electric automobile to obtain the corresponding relation between the speed and the time of the whole automobile under the evaluation working condition, and converting the speed into the rotating speed of the electric drive assembly by combining the parameters of the tyre of the whole automobile to obtain the corresponding relation between the rotating speed and the time of the electric drive assembly; referring to FIG. 5, a plot of electric drive assembly speed versus time is shown. In this example, NEDC (New European Driving Cycle, New European Cycle test) was selected for evaluation of the conditions.
(D2) Based on the selected cycle working condition, calculating the no-load loss power at the vehicle speed of each working condition point by combining the rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly; the no-load loss energy under a cycle working condition is obtained through calculation by an energy integration method, the average power consumption of the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly under the selected cycle working condition is obtained by dividing the no-load loss energy by the total running time of the cycle working condition, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
Pavethe average power consumption under the working condition of the electric drive assembly;
t is the period of a cycle condition;
(D3) obtaining the aboveThe method for testing the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly based on the working condition of the whole vehicle comprises the steps of measuring the rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly in a zero current mode, a zero torque mode and an excitation mode, respectively calculating the average power consumption of the electric drive assembly corresponding to the zero current mode, the zero torque mode and the excitation mode through the step (D2), determining the proportion of each working mode in the actual use process of the vehicle by combining with an actual use scene, and obtaining a weighting coefficient w1、w2And w3And obtaining the no-load loss of the electric drive system based on the use condition of the whole vehicle through weighting calculation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
P＝w1Pave1+w2Pave2+w3Pave3
wherein:
p is the no-load loss of the weighted electric drive assembly;
Pave1、Pave2、Pave3the average power consumption of the electric drive assembly is respectively in a zero current mode, a zero torque mode and an excitation mode;
w1、w2and w3The weighting coefficients of the zero current mode, the zero torque mode and the excitation mode under the working condition of the whole vehicle are respectively.
In this embodiment, the assembly speed can be converted to a vehicle speed, vehicle speed-electric drive assembly no-load loss curve based on the provided electric vehicle tire parameters. And the assembly speed can be converted into the rotating speed according to the provided electric vehicle tire parameters.
The invention provides a no-load loss test and evaluation method of an electric drive assembly, which combines the actual state of the electric drive assembly under the running working condition of a whole vehicle to divide the working mode of the no-load loss test into three types: the zero current mode, the zero torque mode and the excitation mode can be used for measuring the no-load loss curve of the corresponding electric drive assembly according to the set mode. And calculating to obtain average power consumption corresponding to different modes based on the whole vehicle energy consumption rate and the driving range evaluation working condition, determining the proportion of each no-load running mode in the actual use process of the electric vehicle by combining an actual use scene, and obtaining a final no-load loss evaluation result through weighting calculation. The assessment result obtained by the electric drive assembly no-load loss testing and assessing method based on the whole vehicle working condition is closer to the influence of no-load loss in the actual operation of the electric vehicle, and the assessment result is more accurate.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for testing no-load loss of an electric drive assembly based on the working condition of a whole vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) selecting the working mode of the electric drive assembly in the no-load running state of the whole vehicle; the working modes comprise a zero current mode, a zero torque mode and an excitation mode;
(S2) building an electric drive assembly no-load loss test bench under the working mode;
(S3) setting the operation condition of the rack, and carrying out no-load loss test; the method comprises the steps that the output rotating speed of an electric drive assembly is controlled through a dynamometer to simulate actual running speeds of different electric automobiles, rotating speed test points and running time of each rotating speed working point are set, and test data are recorded after the output rotating speed and torque of the electric drive assembly of each measuring point are stable; the test data comprises a direct current input voltage U, a direct current input current I, an output rotating speed n and an output torque T of the electric drive assembly, wherein the output rotating speed of the electric drive assembly is the average value of the rotating speeds of the left half shaft end and the right half shaft end, and the output torque of the electric drive assembly is the algebraic sum of the torques of the left half shaft end and the right half shaft end;
(S4) according to the test data, calculating the no-load loss P of the electric drive assembly of each measuring point in sequencelossObtaining a corresponding function relation between the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly and the assembly rotating speed through function fitting to obtain a rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly under the working modeWire, said electric drive assembly no-load loss PlossThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein:
Ploss_eis the electrical power loss of the electric drive assembly;
Ploss_mis the mechanical power loss of the electric drive assembly;
Plossis no-load loss of the electric drive assembly;
wherein if no-load loss of the electric drive assembly in the working mode does not include electric loss, P isloss_e＝0。
2. The method for testing no-load loss of the electric drive assembly based on the working condition of the whole vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the working mode is a zero current mode or a zero torque mode or an excitation mode; the rotation speed-no-load loss curves of the electric drive assembly in the zero current mode, in the zero torque mode, and in the excitation mode are obtained through the steps (S1) -the step (S4).
3. The method for testing the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly based on the working condition of the whole vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
if the working mode is a zero current mode and the driving motor module is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, or the working mode is a zero torque mode, or the working mode is an excitation mode and the driving motor module is an asynchronous motor, the rack comprises a motor cooling system (1), an adjustable low-voltage power supply (2), a high-voltage direct-current power supply (3), an electric drive assembly (4), an upper computer (5), a first electric dynamometer (6), a second electric dynamometer (7) and a dynamometer control system (8), wherein the upper computer (5), the motor cooling system (1), the adjustable low-voltage power supply (2) and the high-voltage direct-current power supply (3) are all connected with the electric drive assembly (4), the first electric dynamometer (6) is connected with the electric drive assembly (4) through a left half shaft (61), and the second electric dynamometer (7) is connected with the electric drive assembly (4) through a right half shaft (71), the first electric dynamometer (6) and the second electric dynamometer (7) are both connected with a dynamometer control system (8);
if the operating mode is zero current mode and driving motor module is asynchronous machine, the rack includes motor cooling system (1), electric drive assembly (4), first electric dynamometer machine (6), second electric dynamometer machine (7) and dynamometer machine control system (8), motor cooling system (1) is connected with electric drive assembly (4), first electric dynamometer machine (6) is connected through left semi-axis (61) with electric drive assembly (4), second electric dynamometer machine (7) is connected through right semi-axis (71) with electric drive assembly (4), first electric dynamometer machine (6) and second electric dynamometer machine (7) all are connected with dynamometer machine control system (8).
4. A method for evaluating no-load loss of an electric drive assembly based on the working condition of a whole vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(D1) selecting an evaluation working condition according to the energy consumption rate and the driving range requirement of the electric automobile to obtain the corresponding relation between the speed and the time of the whole automobile under the evaluation working condition, and converting the speed into the rotating speed of the electric drive assembly by combining the parameters of the tyre of the whole automobile to obtain the corresponding relation between the rotating speed and the time of the electric drive assembly;
(D2) based on the selected cycle working condition, calculating the no-load loss power at the vehicle speed of each working condition point by combining the rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly; the no-load loss energy under a cycle working condition is obtained through calculation by an energy integration method, the average power consumption of the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly under the selected cycle working condition is obtained by dividing the no-load loss energy by the total running time of the cycle working condition, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
Pavethe average power consumption under the working condition of the electric drive assembly;
t is the period of a cycle condition;
Plossis no-load loss of the electric drive assembly;
the electric drive assembly rotating speed-no-load loss curve is measured by adopting the test method of the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly based on the whole vehicle working condition as claimed in claim 1;
(D3) acquiring a rotating speed-no-load loss curve of the electric drive assembly in the zero current mode, the zero torque mode and the excitation mode, respectively calculating the average power consumption of the electric drive assembly corresponding to the zero current mode, the zero torque mode and the excitation mode through the step (D2), determining the proportion of each working mode in the actual use process of the vehicle by combining with an actual use scene, and obtaining a weighting coefficient w1、w2And w3And obtaining the no-load loss of the electric drive system based on the use condition of the whole vehicle through weighting calculation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
P＝w1Pave1+w2Pave2+w3Pave3
wherein:
p is the no-load loss of the weighted electric drive assembly;
Pave1、Pave2、Pave3the average power consumption of the electric drive assembly is respectively in a zero current mode, a zero torque mode and an excitation mode;
w1、w2and w3The weighting coefficients are respectively a zero current mode, a zero torque mode and an excitation mode under the working condition of the whole vehicle.
5. The method for estimating the no-load loss of the electric drive assembly based on the whole vehicle working condition according to claim 4, wherein the estimation working condition is a NEDC estimation working condition.
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