CN112146843B - Electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test device and method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112146843B CN112146843B CN202011014892.2A CN202011014892A CN112146843B CN 112146843 B CN112146843 B CN 112146843B CN 202011014892 A CN202011014892 A CN 202011014892A CN 112146843 B CN112146843 B CN 112146843B
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Abstract
The invention provides a particle dynamics response test device and method based on electromagnetic control, which can realize an interference-free particle column natural collapse test and obtain accurate and real test data. The particle dynamic response test device comprises: a plurality of particle units, each of the particle units comprising: the magnetic material comprises an embedded body capable of generating magnetism under the action of electromagnetism and an inclusion body hermetically wrapped outside the embedded body; the particle flowing tank is provided with a tank body for accommodating particle units to be tested, one side of the tank body is used as an adsorption side, and the other side of the tank body is transparent and used as an observation side; the baffle component is matched with the particle flow groove and forms a space for arranging and stacking a plurality of particle units together with the particle flow groove; and an electromagnetic chuck disposed at an adsorption side of the particle flow groove, forming a stable particle column by generating an electromagnetic force to adsorb the particle units on the adsorption side of the particle flow groove, and freely collapsing the particle column by turning off the electromagnetic force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of particle material dynamic characteristic research, and particularly relates to a particle dynamic response test device and method based on electromagnetic control.
Background
The flow of the particulate material is a very common phenomenon which occurs in nature in various forms, such as a phenomenon caused by natural factors such as landslide and collapse of weathered rock fragments, or a phenomenon caused by human production and life such as grain flow in a granary and movement of rockfill material in a rockfill dam, and belongs to the flow of the particulate material. Compared with the common liquid and solid which mainly relate to two spatial levels of micro molecular electron movement and macro movement, the particle material also has a microscopic structure level with the particle size as a characteristic length, the connection and the expression form of the level and the macro level are not clear, the movement and the mechanical property of the particle material are complex, and meanwhile, the flow of the particle accumulation body is a solid-fluid state transition behavior crossing the flow of the solid and the liquid and is a substance flow different from the flow of the liquid. Researchers in basic subjects of geoscience, physics, mechanics and the like develop a series of precise physical tests and theoretical researches for simulating particle flow and develop a new particle material research test, namely particle column collapse, in order to research the flow characteristics and the law of particle flow and reveal the transition nature of particles from a static mode to a motion mode. The particle accumulation body is formed by mutually accumulating a large number of discrete solid particles, has a certain volume of relatively stable particle aggregation, has a complicated conversion process due to the fact that the particle material is discrete solid matter, and the conversion mechanism of the particle column from static accumulation-flow-accumulation is different from the traditional fluid, and the results of a large number of particle column collapse tests show that the flow states of the particle column in the flow process can be divided into three types: quasi-static flow, dynamic flow, transition flow (slow flow), the flow state of these three particle flows will be switched rapidly during the collapse of particle stack, and may exist at the same time, after the flow stops, the stack shape after the particle column flows is related to the initial aspect ratio (a ═ H/L) of the particle column: when a is less than or equal to 0.7, the friction is a main factor influencing the stacking form of the particle column after collapse; when a is more than or equal to 0.7 and less than or equal to 3, the particle flow is in a transition state, the friction force and the inertia force are mutually balanced, and when a is more than or equal to 3, the inertia force influences the stacking state of the particle column after collapse. The research on the collapse of the particle column has gained more and more attention in the last 20 years, and particularly with the emergence of new industrial and engineering requirements, natural disasters and measurement technologies, the development of the research on the collapse of the particle column is further promoted. At present, the test procedure of the particle column collapse test is to form a particle accumulation body with a certain volume, make the particle accumulation body flow in a very short time after the particle accumulation is completed and stabilized, observe the flow process of the particle accumulation body and the accumulation form after the flow is stopped in the process, and record relevant test parameters of the particle column test. In the particle column collapse test, the form and size of the initial accumulation of the particle column are key factors influencing the test result, so how to keep the initial state of the particle column unchanged in the process from accumulation to release, and therefore, the realization of the instant collapse and flow of the particle column is the key factor of the test design. Meanwhile, the collection of the types of test parameters in the particle column collapse process has important influence on the understanding of the generation mechanism and the influence mechanism of the particle column collapse. A representative particle column collapse test apparatus and method of study will now be described as follows:
in 2005, Gert Lube et al accumulated four different particulate materials in a particulate flow cell, performed bi-directional particulate column collapse and uni-directional particulate column collapse experiments with aspect ratios a in the range of 0.5-21 using fixed pulleys fixed to the wall to lift the baffles vertically, recorded the collapse process using a high speed camera, and performed comparative analysis of the two experiments.
In 2005, e.lajeunesse et al performed a one-way collapse experiment of a particle column and a collapse experiment of a particle column in a half cylinder having an inner diameter of 3.9cm in a particle flow groove having a width of 4.5cm by vertically lifting a baffle, and recorded the collapse process using a high-speed camera.
In 2005, n.j.balmforth et al performed unidirectional collapse tests of particle columns of four different particulate materials by changing the width of the particle flow channel and using two different baffle opening modes of rotary opening and vertical stretching, recorded the collapse process with a high-speed camera, and analyzed and studied the collapsed packing morphology.
In 2007, Gert Lube et al performed collapse tests of a particle column having an aspect ratio in the range of 3 to 9.5 in a particle flow cell having a width of 20cm using an experimental apparatus of 2005, and studied the characteristics of the interface between the static deposition region and the dynamic flow region inside the particle deposition body during the collapse process.
In 2013, Michela Degaetano et al performed a particle column collapse test after mixing two different sizes of particles in a 50cm × 0.2cm × 90cm particle flow cell, recorded the collapse process with a high speed camera, and analyzed the collapsed pile morphology.
In 2016, the Sunchui of Qinghua university and the like adopted an organic glass tank (60cm × 20cm × 30cm) which is hollowed out from the top and bottom and a baffle plate to stack a particle column with an initial height-to-width ratio of 1.8, a method of manually moving the baffle plate is adopted to collapse a particle stack body, and a high-speed camera and a pressure sensor are utilized to measure the speed and the pressure distribution of the particle stack body during flowing.
The above test apparatus and research method facilitate the research on the collapse of the particle column, but there are still some disadvantages, and after collecting and summarizing the information of the current particle column collapse test apparatus, the following technical problems are summarized:
1. all test devices carry out piling up and releasing of granule post through setting up the baffle in granule flowing groove, and frictional force when the baffle rises not only can cause the influence to the nature collapse of granule post, simultaneously with the granule flowing groove between produce the friction and cause the scratch, influence experimental observation and record.
2. Part test device is through setting up the perps in the granule flow groove and come restraint baffle, and when the granule post collapses to flow, the perps can exert an influence to the granule of motion, and especially when the granule post collapses under the liquid state environment, the vortex is easily produced to perps department to produce direct influence to the motion of granule.
3. Although the particle column can be restrained and released by the baffle, the lifting method adopted by most experimental devices is different, and the quick lifting baffle is basically adopted to collapse the particle column, but the quick lifting baffle has the problem that the consistency of the initial speed and the average speed at each time cannot be ensured, so that the test result is influenced.
4. Most of the test devices do not consider or allow the particles to self-align after stacking the column of particles to eliminate some unstable contact or gaps between particles.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a particle dynamics response test apparatus and method based on electromagnetic control, which can achieve a natural collapse test of a particle column without interference, and obtain accurate and real test data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
< apparatus >
The invention provides a particle dynamics response test device based on electromagnetic control, which is characterized by comprising the following components: a plurality of particle units, each of the particle units comprising: the magnetic material comprises an embedded body capable of generating magnetism under the action of electromagnetism and an inclusion body hermetically wrapped outside the embedded body; the particle flowing tank is provided with a tank body for accommodating particle units to be tested, one side of the tank body is used as an adsorption side, and the other side of the tank body is transparent and used as an observation side; the baffle component is matched with the particle flow groove and forms a space for arranging and stacking a plurality of particle units together with the particle flow groove; and an electromagnetic chuck disposed at an adsorption side of the particle flow groove, forming a stable particle column by generating an electromagnetic force to adsorb the particle units on the adsorption side of the particle flow groove, and freely collapsing the particle column by turning off the electromagnetic force.
Preferably, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the particle units are round blocks or round balls.
Preferably, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the embedded body is a steel block, and the inclusion body is made of waterproof materials.
Preferably, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device of the present invention further comprises: the particle units are divided into two types, one type has density higher than that of water and is used for particle dynamics test of falling and collapsing of particle columns; one class of particle dynamics test with density less than water for floating and collapsing of particle column; the baffle member includes: a trapezoidal plexiglas baffle for laterally restraining the particle units, and a T-shaped plexiglas plate for restraining the particle units from above in a particle dynamics test in which the particle column floats up and collapses.
Preferably, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the inclusion of the particle unit with the density higher than that of water is made of resin, ceramic powder or rock powder; the inclusion of the granular unit with density less than that of water is made of foam.
Preferably, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the distance between the adsorption side and the observation side of the groove body is 1.1-1.3 times, and the optimal distance is 1.2 times of the thickness of the particle unit.
Preferably, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the particle flow groove is made of a non-metallic material which is not affected by electromagnetism and is waterproof, and the particle flow groove is also provided with a water inlet which is arranged on the groove body and is far away from the lower corner part of the particle unit arrangement accumulation space.
Preferably, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device of the present invention further comprises: a water control section for creating and maintaining a liquid environment within the particle flow trough, comprising: the device comprises an organic glass tank for storing liquid, an organic glass pipe for communicating the organic glass tank with a water inlet, and a valve arranged on the organic glass pipe.
Preferably, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device of the present invention further comprises: (ii) a And an image acquisition unit for taking an image of at least the collapse process of the particle column after the shutter member is removed and the electromagnetic chuck is closed, toward the observation side of the particle flow groove.
< method >
Further, the invention also provides a particle dynamic response test method based on electromagnetic control, which is used for carrying out a test under a liquid environment and is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, enclosing a space with a preset size by adopting a baffle component and a particle flowing groove, and placing a particle unit in the space until a particle column formed by accumulation meets the requirement; step 2, enabling the liquid to slowly flow into the particle flowing groove through the water inlet until the liquid level reaches the required height; step 3, starting the electromagnetic chuck, adsorbing the particle unit to the adsorption side of the particle flowing groove, and then closing the electromagnetic chuck to remove the magnetic field, so that the particle unit is self-adjusted; repeating for several times until the adjustment amplitude of the particle column formed by the particle units is reduced and the particle column becomes stable, starting the electromagnetic chuck to adsorb the particle units, and taking out the baffle member from the particle flowing groove; step 4, continuously injecting liquid from the water inlet until the liquid level reaches the required height again, and waiting for the liquid level to be stable; step 5, shooting the particle column which is adsorbed and placed statically by using an image acquisition part, carrying out PIV analysis, observing the change of water flow around the particle column, and debugging the image acquisition part to a high-speed shooting mode after the water flow around the particle column is placed statically; and 6, closing the electromagnetic chuck to enable the particle column to collapse naturally, and simultaneously carrying out high-speed shooting by using the image acquisition part until the particle column collapses, is stacked and is static.
In addition, the invention also provides a particle dynamic response test method based on electromagnetic control, which is used for testing in a dry environment and is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, enclosing a space with a preset size by adopting a baffle component and a particle flowing groove, and placing a particle unit in the space until a particle column formed by accumulation meets the requirement; step 2, starting the electromagnetic chuck, adsorbing the particle unit to the adsorption side of the particle flowing groove, and then closing the electromagnetic chuck to remove the magnetic field, so that the particle unit is self-adjusted; repeating for several times until the adjustment amplitude of the particle column formed by the particle units is reduced and the particle column becomes stable, starting the electromagnetic chuck to adsorb the particle units, and taking out the baffle member from the particle flowing groove; and 3, closing the electromagnetic chuck to enable the particle column to collapse naturally, and simultaneously carrying out high-speed shooting by using the image acquisition part until the particle column collapses, is stacked and is static.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test device and method provided by the invention, under a dry air or liquid environment, a magnetic field generated by an electromagnetic chuck arranged on the adsorption side of a particle flow tank is utilized to enable a particle column formed by a particle unit to be tightly attached to the inner surface of the adsorption side of the particle flow tank, meanwhile, the electromagnetic chuck is continuously closed and restarted to enable the particle unit to self-adjust to form a stable particle column, then the electromagnetic chuck is closed to remove the magnetic field, so that the particle column naturally collapses without disturbance, solid-fluid-solid conversion is generated, and the collapse process of the particle column is shot and recorded through an image acquisition part.
From the above, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the electromagnetic control is used for replacing the baffle plate for starting, so that the influence of external factors (such as friction force generated when the baffle plate is lifted and scratches generated by the friction force, a vertical seam for restricting the moving direction of the baffle plate and the like) on the natural behavior of the particle column when the particle column collapses can be effectively reduced; in addition, the electromagnetic control particle column starting mode also avoids the trace left by the friction between the baffle and the particle flowing groove from obstructing the record of the high-speed camera on the experimental process, so that the data recorded by the experiment is clearer;
(2) according to the invention, the electromagnetic chuck continuously generates and removes a magnetic field, so that the particles are self-adjusted to eliminate unstable contact or gaps among the particles, and the dense accumulation condition of natural disasters such as landslide and debris flow before occurrence is more truly restored or simulated;
(3) the invention can research the dynamic response of the particle material in dry air or liquid environment, for example, when the outer surface is coated with resin, ceramic powder and rock powder, the particle density is higher than that of water, and the particle dynamic research of particle column collapse can be carried out; when the material such as foam is wrapped outside, the size ratio of the steel block and the external wrapping material can be adjusted, so that the overall density of the round block is smaller than that of water, and the particle dynamics research of the floating of the particle column can be carried out.
In conclusion, the invention can realize the non-interference natural collapse test of the particle column and can carry out the dynamic test of the particle column collapse under different environments, so that the particle column can collapse at a fixed initial speed, the speed and the motion field of the particle column in the solid-state-fluid-solid-state conversion process and the stacking form of the particle stacking body after the flow is finished are objectively and accurately measured, and the dynamic generation mechanism and the influence mechanism of the particle column collapse can be more comprehensively and truly disclosed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram I (drop and collapse test) of a device for testing the dynamic response of particles based on electromagnetic control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram II (floating collapse test) of a particle dynamic response testing device based on electromagnetic control according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a particle unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a particle flow cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of an electromagnetic chuck in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a water control section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test apparatus and method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
< example >
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response testing apparatus 10 includes a plurality of (enough to test) particle units 11, a particle flow tank 12, a baffle member 13, an electromagnetic chuck 14, a water control section 15, and an image acquisition section 16.
As shown in fig. 3, the particle unit 11 includes an insert 111 and an inclusion 112. The insert 111 is capable of generating magnetism under electromagnetic action. The enclosure 112 is hermetically sealed around the insert 111. In this embodiment, the granule unit 11 is a round block, the embedded body 111 is a steel block, and the inclusion body 112 is a waterproof material. Further, in order to meet the test requirements of falling collapse and floating collapse, the particle units 11 are divided into two types, one type is higher in density than water and is used for a particle dynamics test of falling collapse of a particle column; one type of particle dynamic test with density lower than that of water is used for floating and collapsing particle column. The inserts 111 of the two types of particle units 11 are identical, but the material of the inclusions 112 differs: the inclusion 112 of the granular unit 11 having a density greater than that of water is made of resin, ceramic powder or rock powder; the inclusions 112 of the granular units 11 having a density less than that of water are made of foam. In addition, the granular unit 11 can be made by the following method: the embedded body 111 is encapsulated in the groove 112a by forming the groove 112a in the inclusion body 112 through some processes (organic resin impregnation curing, spraying, deposition, plating, in-situ oxidation, etc.).
As shown in fig. 4, the particle flow channel 12 includes a channel body 121 and a water inlet 122. The tank body 121 is used for accommodating the particle unit 11 for testing, one side of the tank body 121 is used as an adsorption side, and the other side of the tank body 121 is transparent and used as an observation side; in this embodiment, the distance between the inner walls of the adsorption side and the observation side of the groove 121 is 1.2 times the thickness of the granular unit 11. The water inlet 122 is provided at a lower corner portion of the arrangement and accumulation space (a region where the particle unit 11 is located) apart from the particle unit 11, and is used for injecting water into the tank; the liquid is injected through the water inlet 122 disposed at the lower corner portion to effectively prevent the impurities or air bubbles from being mixed into the air. In this embodiment, the particle flow grooves 12 are made of a non-metallic material that is not affected by electromagnetic waves and is waterproof, and when the electromagnetic chuck 14 forms a magnetic field, the particle flow grooves 12 are not affected, and the particle flow grooves 12 do not affect the particle columns formed by the particle units 11 in the grooves. Specifically, the groove 121 includes: two plexiglass plates 121a, plexiglass spacer strips 121b, nylon screws 121c, and screw holes 121 d. The two organic glass plates 121a are kept at intervals by an organic glass partition plate strip 121b to form a three-sided closed groove, the upper surface of the groove is open, a particle moving space with the width of 600mm, the length of 1000mm and the thickness of 10mm is formed between the two organic glass plates 121a, the two organic glass plates 121a and the organic glass partition plate strip 121b are bonded by organic glass cement, screw holes 121d are further formed for keeping the sealing performance, and the two organic glass plates are reinforced by nylon screws 121 c. Through the adhesion of organic glass glue and the double reinforcement and sealing of the nylon screw 121c, the particle flow groove 12 has good sealing performance, and can be used for the research on the particle dynamic phenomenon in liquid and the dynamic behavior of particles in air.
The baffle member 13 is fitted to the particle flow groove 12, and defines a space in which the plurality of particle units 11 are arranged and stacked together with the particle flow groove 12. In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shutter member 13 includes a trapezoidal plexiglas shutter 131 and a T-shaped plexiglas plate 132. The trapezoidal organic glass baffle 131 is in a right trapezoid shape, the thickness of the trapezoidal organic glass baffle is slightly smaller than that of the particle flow groove 12, and the trapezoidal organic glass baffle is placed in the particle flow groove 12 to restrain the particle unit 11 from the side. The T-shaped organic glass plate 132 is T-shaped, the thickness of the lower straight plate is slightly smaller than that of the particle flowing groove 12, and in a particle dynamics test of floating and collapsing of the particle column, the lower straight plate is inserted into the particle flowing groove 12 to restrain the particle unit 11 from the upper side.
As shown in fig. 5, the electromagnetic chuck 14 is provided on the adsorption side of the particle flow groove 12, and the aligned particle units 11 are adsorbed on the inner wall of the adsorption side of the particle flow groove 12 by generating an electromagnetic force to form a stable particle column, which can be freely collapsed by turning off the electromagnetic force after removing the shutter member 13. Specifically, the electromagnetic chuck 14 includes a chuck 141, a magnet 142, a lower housing 143, a through hole 144, and an electric wire 145. The suction cup 141 is covered on the lower shell 143; the magnet 142 is disposed in the lower case 143, and one side surface thereof is integrally connected to the suction cup 141; the lower case 143 is opened with a through hole 144 for passing the wire 145 on the suction pad 141.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 6, the water control part 15 is used for forming and maintaining a liquid environment in the particle flow tank 12, and includes a plexiglas tank 151, a plexiglas tube 152, a water valve 153, and a water outlet 154. The plexiglass water tank 151 is used to store liquid. The plexiglass tube 152 communicates the plexiglass tank 151 with the water inlet 122. A water valve 153 is provided on the plexiglas tube 152. The water outlet 154 is arranged at the bottom of the plexiglass tank 151 and is communicated with the upper opening of the plexiglass tube 152.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the image acquiring section 16 performs image capturing recording of the particle column and the collapse process thereof toward the observation side of the particle flow cell 12. In the present embodiment, the image acquiring unit 16 is a high-speed imaging device including a high-speed camera 161 and a tripod 162. The high speed camera 161 is used to record a picture of the particle column formed by the particle units 11 during collapse, and the tripod 162 is used to fix the high speed camera 161.
The above is a detailed structure of the particle dynamic response testing apparatus 10 provided in this embodiment, and a specific method for using the apparatus is described below.
The particle dynamic response testing device 10 is used for a particle dynamic response test in a liquid environment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, enclosing a space with a preset size by adopting a baffle plate member 13 and a particle flowing groove 12, and placing a particle unit 11 in the space until a particle column formed by accumulation meets the requirement;
step 2, connecting the organic glass tube 152 of the water control part 15 with the particle flow groove 12, pouring liquid into the machine glass box 151 in the water control part 15, standing the liquid, opening the water valve 153 to enable the liquid to slowly flow into the particle flow groove 12 through the water inlet 122, and closing the water valve 153 until the liquid level reaches the required height;
step 3, starting the electromagnetic chuck 14, adsorbing the particle unit 11 to the adsorption side of the particle flowing groove 12, and then closing the electromagnetic chuck 14 to remove the magnetic field, so that the particle unit 11 is self-adjusted; repeating the steps for several times until the adjustment range of the particle column formed by the particle units 11 is observed to be reduced and the particle column becomes stable, starting the electromagnetic chuck 14 to adsorb the particle units 11, and taking out the baffle member 13 from the particle flowing groove 12;
step 4, opening the water valve 153 to continuously inject the liquid from the water inlet 122 until the liquid level reaches the required height again, and waiting for the liquid level to reach the stability;
step 5, shooting the particle column which is adsorbed and placed statically by adopting the image acquisition part 16, carrying out PIV analysis, observing the change of water flow around the particle column, and debugging the image acquisition part 16 to a high-speed shooting mode after the water flow around the particle column is placed statically;
step 6, closing the electromagnetic chuck 14 to enable the particle column to collapse naturally, and simultaneously utilizing the image acquisition part 16 to carry out high-speed shooting until the particle column collapses, is stacked and is static;
and 7, recording data, and performing sorting analysis.
In addition, the particle dynamic response testing device 10 is used for particle dynamic response testing in a dry environment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, enclosing a space with a preset size by adopting a baffle plate member 13 and a particle flowing groove 12, and placing a particle unit 11 in the space until a particle column formed by accumulation meets the requirement;
step 2, starting the electromagnetic chuck 14, adsorbing the particle unit 11 to the adsorption side of the particle flowing groove 12, and then closing the electromagnetic chuck 14 to remove the magnetic field, so that the particle unit 11 is self-adjusted; repeating the steps for several times until the adjustment range of the particle column formed by the particle units 11 is observed to be reduced and the particle column becomes stable, starting the electromagnetic chuck 14 to adsorb the particle units 11, and taking out the baffle member 13 from the particle flowing groove 12;
step 3, closing the electromagnetic chuck 14 to enable the particle column to collapse naturally, and simultaneously utilizing the image acquisition part 16 to carry out high-speed shooting until the particle column collapses, is stacked and is static;
and 4, recording data, and performing sorting analysis.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention. The electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device and method of the present invention are not limited to the structure described in the above embodiments, but rather are subject to the scope defined by the claims. Any modification, or addition, or equivalent replacement by a person skilled in the art on the basis of this embodiment is within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A particle dynamics response test method based on electromagnetic control is characterized in that a particle dynamics response test device based on electromagnetic control is adopted to carry out a test in a liquid environment, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, enclosing a space with a preset size by adopting a baffle component and a particle flowing groove, and placing a particle unit in the space until a particle column formed by accumulation meets the requirement;
step 2, enabling the liquid to slowly flow into the particle flowing groove through a water inlet until the liquid level reaches the required height;
step 3, starting the electromagnetic chuck, adsorbing the particle unit to the adsorption side of the particle flowing groove, and then closing the electromagnetic chuck to remove the magnetic field, so that the particle unit is self-adjusted; repeating the steps for several times until the adjustment amplitude of the particle column formed by the particle units is observed to be reduced and the particle column becomes stable, starting the electromagnetic chuck to adsorb the particle units, and taking out the baffle member from the particle flowing groove;
step 4, continuously injecting liquid from the water inlet until the liquid level reaches the required height again, and waiting for the liquid level to be stable;
step 5, shooting the particle column which is adsorbed and placed statically by adopting an image acquisition device, carrying out PIV analysis, observing the change of water flow around the particle column, and debugging the image acquisition device to a high-speed shooting mode after the water flow around the particle column is placed statically;
step 6, closing the electromagnetic chuck to enable the particle column to collapse naturally, simultaneously utilizing an image acquisition device to carry out high-speed shooting until the particle column collapses, is stacked and is static,
wherein, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test device comprises:
a plurality of particle units, each of the particle units comprising: the magnetic material comprises an embedded body capable of generating magnetism under the action of electromagnetism and an inclusion body hermetically wrapped outside the embedded body;
a particle flowing groove which is provided with a groove body used for accommodating the particle unit for testing, wherein one side of the groove body is used as an adsorption side, and the other side of the groove body is used as a transparent observation side;
the baffle component is matched with the particle flow groove and forms a space for arranging and stacking a plurality of particle units together with the particle flow groove; and
and an electromagnetic chuck disposed at an adsorption side of the particle flow groove, for forming a stable particle column by adsorbing the particle unit on the adsorption side of the particle flow groove by generating an electromagnetic force, and for freely collapsing the particle column by turning off the electromagnetic force.
2. A particle dynamics response test method based on electromagnetic control is characterized in that a particle dynamics response test device based on electromagnetic control is adopted to carry out a test in a dry environment, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, enclosing a space with a preset size by adopting a baffle component and a particle flowing groove, and placing a particle unit in the space until a particle column formed by accumulation meets the requirement;
step 2, starting the electromagnetic chuck, adsorbing the particle unit to the adsorption side of the particle flowing groove, and then closing the electromagnetic chuck to remove the magnetic field, so that the particle unit is self-adjusted; repeating the steps for several times until the adjustment amplitude of the particle column formed by the particle units is observed to be reduced and the particle column becomes stable, starting the electromagnetic chuck to adsorb the particle units, and taking out the baffle member from the particle flowing groove;
step 3, closing the electromagnetic chuck to enable the particle column to collapse naturally, simultaneously utilizing an image acquisition device to carry out high-speed shooting until the particle column collapses, is stacked and is static,
wherein, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test device comprises:
a plurality of particle units, each of the particle units comprising: the magnetic material comprises an embedded body capable of generating magnetism under the action of electromagnetism and an inclusion body hermetically wrapped outside the embedded body;
a particle flowing groove which is provided with a groove body used for accommodating the particle unit for testing, wherein one side of the groove body is used as an adsorption side, and the other side of the groove body is used as a transparent observation side;
the baffle component is matched with the particle flow groove and forms a space for arranging and stacking a plurality of particle units together with the particle flow groove; and
and an electromagnetic chuck disposed at an adsorption side of the particle flow groove, for forming a stable particle column by adsorbing the particle unit on the adsorption side of the particle flow groove by generating an electromagnetic force, and for freely collapsing the particle column by turning off the electromagnetic force.
3. The electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein, the particle units are in a round block shape or a round sphere shape.
4. The electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the embedded body is a steel block, and the inclusion is made of waterproof materials.
5. The electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein, the particle units are divided into two types, one type has density higher than that of water and is used for particle dynamics test of falling and collapsing of particle columns; one class of particle dynamics test with density less than water for floating and collapsing of particle column;
the baffle member includes: a trapezoidal baffle for laterally restraining the granular unit, and a T-shaped plate for restraining the granular unit from above in a granular dynamics test in which the granular column floats up and collapses.
6. The electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein the inclusion of the particle unit having a density greater than that of water is made of resin, ceramic powder or rock powder; the inclusions of the granular units having a density less than that of water are made of foam.
7. The electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein, the interval between the adsorption side and the observation side of the groove body is 1.1 to 1.3 times of the thickness of the particle unit.
8. The electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein the particle flow groove is made of a material which is not affected by electromagnetism and is waterproof, and the particle flow groove further has a water inlet which is provided on the groove body at a lower corner portion away from the particle unit arrangement stacking space.
9. The electromagnetic control-based particle dynamics response test method of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein, the electromagnetic control-based particle dynamic response testing device also comprises a water control part which is used for forming and maintaining a liquid environment in the particle flow groove;
the water control part includes: the device comprises an organic glass tank for storing liquid, an organic glass pipe for communicating the organic glass tank with the water inlet, and a valve arranged on the organic glass pipe.
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