CN112145602B - Composite material spring and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Composite material spring and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112145602B CN112145602B CN202010933213.5A CN202010933213A CN112145602B CN 112145602 B CN112145602 B CN 112145602B CN 202010933213 A CN202010933213 A CN 202010933213A CN 112145602 B CN112145602 B CN 112145602B
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- spring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
- F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
- F16F3/10—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite material spring, in particular to an ultralight composite material bent rod structure spring and a manufacturing method thereof, which is characterized in that the spring structure comprises an upper panel, a lower panel and a spring wire, wherein the side of the panel facing the spring wire is provided with a hole or a groove which can insert the spring wire so as to play a role in fixing; the spring wire is made of a continuous fiber composite material, is of a C-shaped thin rod structure and comprises a straight section and a bent section along the length direction, two ends of the spring wire are the straight sections, the middle of the spring wire is the bent section, the bent section is used for deforming and providing a reaction force, the extension direction of the straight sections at the two ends is the same as the fiber length direction of the spring wire, and the number of the spring wires in the spring is more than 3. The bearing direction of the composite material spring is basically the same as the fiber direction of the spring wire, the bearing capacity of the fiber is fully utilized, the load utilization rate of the material is improved, and the weight of the spring can be reduced to a greater extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite material springs and manufacturing thereof, in particular to an ultralight composite material spring with a non-spiral structure in a bent rod shape and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
At present, the requirements on the use performance of springs in advanced special fields such as new energy, national defense, chemical engineering, aerospace, semiconductors and the like are increasingly strict. Compared with metal springs, composite springs have the advantages of light specific gravity, high modulus, high specific strength, corrosion resistance and the like, but most of the composite springs appearing on the market are spiral springs or plate springs, the fiber direction of the springs is not the same as or close to the stress direction, and the high bearing capacity of the composite springs in the fiber direction cannot be fully utilized, so that the dead weight is heavy, and the increasing requirements of the aerospace field on ultra-light parts cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spring with an ultralight composite material bent rod structure and a manufacturing method thereof, and the spring is characterized in that the spring structure comprises an upper panel, a lower panel and a spring wire, wherein the side of the panel facing the spring wire is provided with a hole or a groove which can enable the spring wire to be inserted so as to play a role in fixing; the spring wire is made of a continuous fiber composite material, is of a C-shaped thin rod structure and comprises a straight section and a bent section along the length direction, two ends of the spring wire are the straight sections, the middle of the spring wire is the bent section, the bent section is used for deforming and providing a reaction force, the extension direction of the straight sections at the two ends is the same as the fiber length direction of the spring wire, and the number of the spring wires in the spring is more than 3. The fiber direction of the spring wire of the spring is the same as the deformation direction of the spring, so that the load utilization rate of the material is improved, and the weight of the spring can be reduced to a greater extent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose: a manufacturing method of a composite material spring is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, forming an upper panel and a lower panel, wherein a fixing hole or a fixing groove on the panels can be directly formed through a die, or holes can be formed on the panels in a machining mode;
secondly, forming the spring wire by using a C-shaped thin rod structure spring wire with a straight section and a bent section through pultrusion, mould pressing or RTM (resin transfer molding) and other forming methods;
thirdly, placing the formed spring wire into an assembly fixture;
the assembling fixture comprises a plurality of assembling units and a positioning device, the number of the assembling units is the same as the number of rows of the inner spring wires of the designed spring, each assembling unit comprises a front pressing plate, a rear pressing plate and a backing plate, and the sum of the thicknesses of the front pressing plate, the rear pressing plate and the backing plate is the same as the row spacing of the inner spring wires of the designed spring;
the front pressing plate or the rear pressing plate of the assembly unit is provided with a groove position with the same size as the middle part of the spring wire, so that the straight sections at two ends of the spring wire can be exposed after the spring wire is placed in the groove position, the later bonding is facilitated, the number of the groove positions is the same as that of the spring wires in the same row of the designed spring, and the distance between the groove positions is the design distance of the spring wires of the spring;
all the assembly units are coated with a release agent, so that the spring wires or the panels are prevented from being bonded with the assembly clamp in the later period;
assembling the assembly units together by a positioning device to determine the relative position between the spring wires;
fourthly, bonding the panels, coating adhesive on hole sites of the upper and lower panels of the spring, aligning the hole sites with the exposed ends of the spring wires on the assembly, and pressurizing for bonding;
fifthly, the assembly fixture is taken out, the assembly units are taken out from the outside to the inside after the firm bonding, and the taking-out step is as follows: and taking out the pressing plate on the outer side of the assembling clamp, then taking out the base plate in the middle, and finally taking out the pressing plate in the assembling clamp.
The section of the spring wire can be round or rectangular or oval.
The spring wire can be a solid thin rod or a hollow thin rod.
The spring wire is similar to a C-shaped structure, the straight sections at two ends of the spring wire are inserted into the fixed ends of the upper panel and the lower panel, and the middle of the spring wire is provided with a curvature and is a deformation area.
The length, the size and the number of the spring wire can be designed according to actual conditions, and if the deformation capacity of the spring is improved in advance, the spring wire can be realized by improving the length of the spring wire or increasing the inclination angle or the curvature of a curved section; if the bearing capacity of the spring is improved in advance, the effect can be achieved by increasing the number of the spring wires, reducing the inclination angle of the curved section or increasing the diameter of the spring wires.
The diameter of the spring wire of the spring is 0.1 mm-8 mm, if the diameter of the spring wire is too thick, the spring wire is not easy to absorb energy through bending, so that the bending deformation capability of the spring wire is poor, and meanwhile, the local compression strength of the material is easy to achieve, so that the spring fails.
The spring wires of the spring are regularly arranged, the contact and interference among the spring wires caused by the deformation of the spring wires when the spring is stressed are avoided during design, and when the upper panel and the lower panel of the spring are circular, the spring wires can be circumferentially arranged by taking the circle centers of the upper panel and the lower panel as the axis. The spring wires may be arranged in a matrix when the spring panel is rectangular.
The spring can structurally comprise a guide device, the guide device can be composed of a guide pillar and a guide sleeve which are made of composite materials and is arranged between an upper panel and a lower panel, and the guide device has the functions of ensuring the relative positions of the upper panel and the lower panel in the horizontal direction when the spring deforms so as not to deviate, and limiting the upper panel and the lower panel of the spring not to impact or limiting the deformation range of the spring in the vertical direction.
The upper panel and the lower panel of the spring can be made of metal materials, high polymer materials or composite materials.
Compared with the traditional composite material spring, the spring provided by the invention has the difference that no obvious spiral structure exists, the traditional composite material spring is deformed by a spiral wire coil with a thicker diameter, the spring provided by the invention is deformed by a plurality of vertically placed spring wires according to the principle that a straight rod is unstably bent, the deformation direction of the traditional composite material spring is vertical to the extension direction of the spring wires, and the deformation direction of the composite material spring provided by the invention is parallel to the extension direction of the spring wires.
The composite material spring has the advantages that the traditional composite material spring does not have, the spring wire is dispersed into a plurality of thin rods in the vertical direction, the extension direction of the fiber is basically the same as the bearing direction of the spring, the excellent bearing capacity of the continuous fiber of the composite material is fully utilized, the load utilization rate of the material is improved, meanwhile, the fine rod type composite material has excellent toughness and resilience, the good elasticity and the difficult fracture of the spring are ensured, and the weight of the spring can be reduced to a greater extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rectangular spring structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single spring wire according to the first, second and third embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an assembly jig according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembly unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a panel bonding operation according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step of removing the assembly jig according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stacked rectangular spring structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a circular spring according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The prefabricated part of the first embodiment of the invention is a composite material rectangular spring 101, the part 101 is divided into three parts, namely an upper panel 102, a lower panel 104 and a middle spring wire 103, the dimensions of the upper panel 102 and the lower panel 104 are 80mm multiplied by 80mm, and the thickness is 1.5 mm. The total length of the spring wire 103 is 38mm, the length of the upper straight section 201 and the lower straight section 201 is 2mm, the length of the middle bent section 202 is 34mm, the section of the spring wire 103 is circular, the diameter of the spring wire is 0.8mm, and the distance between the spring wire 103 and the spring wire 103 is 7 mm. The rectangular spring 101 in the embodiment has 12 rows of spring wires 103, one row has 12, the odd-numbered rows of spring wires 103 are uniformly bent towards the right, the even-numbered rows of spring wires 103 are uniformly bent towards the left, the rectangular spring 101 has a structure shown in fig. 1, and the spring wires 103 have a structure shown in fig. 2. When the spring wire 103 is adhered to the upper and lower panels 102, 104, an assembling jig 301 is required to accurately control the relative position between the spring wire 103, the assembling jig 301 is composed of a plurality of assembling units 404 and a positioning device, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the assembling jig 301. The number of the assembly units 404 is determined by the number of the rows of the inner spring wires 103 of the designed spring 101, each assembly unit 404 comprises three parts, namely a front pressing plate 401, a rear pressing plate 402 and a backing plate 403, the sum of the thicknesses of the front pressing plate 401, the rear pressing plate 402 and the backing plate 403 is the same as the row pitch of the inner spring wires 103 of the designed spring 101, the assembly fixture 301 in the embodiment has 12 assembly units 404, the thickness of one assembly unit 404 is 7mm, wherein the thickness of the front pressing plate 401 is 3mm, the thickness of the rear pressing plate 402 is 3mm, the thickness of the backing plate 403 is 1mm, and fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the assembly unit 404. The rectangular spring 101 of this embodiment has a mass of 35 g.
Firstly, manufacturing upper and lower panels 102 and 104 by using carbon fiber/epoxy resin prepreg as a raw material, and machining fixing holes in the panels 102 and 104 by mechanical punching, wherein the diameter of each hole is 1.2mm, and the depth of each hole is 0.7 mm;
secondly, carbon fiber bundles, epoxy resin and a curing agent are used as raw materials, and the required curved line segment spring wire 103 is formed by a special-shaped pultrusion method;
thirdly, smearing a release agent on all the assembly units 404, then sequentially putting the formed spring wires 103 into the 12 assembly units 404, and finally assembling the positioning long pins of the assembly units 404 together;
fourthly, bonding the panels 102 and 104, coating adhesive on the hole sites of the upper and lower panels 102 and 104 of the spring 101, aligning the hole sites with the exposed spring wire end 201 on the assembling jig 301, and then pressing for bonding, wherein fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the bonding operation of the panels 102 and 104;
fifth, the assembly jig 301 is taken out. The concrete steps are that the assembly unit 404 is taken out from the outside to the inside after the bonding is firm, and the taking-out steps are as follows: the outer press plate 401 of the assembly jig 301 is taken out first, the intermediate shim plate 403 is taken out, and the inner press plate 402 is taken out finally.
The prefabricated part of the second embodiment of the invention is a superimposed rectangular spring 701 made of composite material, and in order to increase the deformation range of the spring, a plurality of springs can be bonded and superimposed, wherein the structure of a single spring is the same as that of the spring 101 in the first embodiment, and the superimposed rectangular spring 701 is as shown in fig. 7. The superimposed rectangular spring 701 of this embodiment has a mass of 140 g.
The pre-fabricated part of the third embodiment of the present invention is a composite circular spring 801, and the upper and lower panels 802, 806 of the spring 801 are circular with a diameter of 70mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm. The spring wire 103 is circumferentially arranged by taking the circle centers of the upper and lower panels 802, 806 as the axes, a guiding device 805 is arranged between the axes of the upper and lower panels 802, 806 and is composed of a guide pillar 803 and a guide sleeve 804, and the guide pillar 803 and the guide sleeve 804 are made of carbon fiber composite materials. The shape and the size of a single spring wire are the same as those of the first embodiment, the total length of the spring wire 103 is 38mm, the length of the upper straight section 201 and the lower straight section is 2mm, the length of the middle bent section is 34mm, the section of the spring wire 103 is circular, the diameter of the spring wire is 0.8mm, and the distance between the spring wire 103 and the spring wire 103 is 7 mm. The circular spring 801 in the embodiment has two coils of spring wires 103, the first coil is an inner coil, 13 spring wires 103 are arranged along the circumference of the axis of a circle to form a circle with the diameter of 30 mm; the second coil is an outer coil and is provided with 27 spring wires 103 which are arranged along the circumference of the axis of the circle to form a circle with the diameter of 60mm, and the structure of the circular spring 801 is shown in figure 8. The mass of the circular spring 801 of this embodiment is only 21 g.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the claims. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied with insubstantial modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be construed as limited only by the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A manufacturing method of a composite material spring is characterized by comprising the following steps: the spring structure comprises an upper panel, a lower panel and a spring wire, wherein a hole or a groove which can enable the spring wire to be inserted into is formed in one side of the panel facing the spring wire so as to play a role in fixing; the spring wire material is continuous fiber composite material, the spring wire is "C" type slender rod structure, includes straight section and crooked section along length direction, and both ends are straight section, and the middle part is crooked section, and crooked section effect is warp and provides reaction force, and the extension direction of the straight section of both ends is the same with the fibre length direction of spring wire, and the quantity of spring wire in the spring is greater than 3, and the preparation method of this spring includes following steps:
firstly, forming an upper panel and a lower panel, wherein a fixing hole or a fixing groove on the panels is directly formed through a die, or holes are formed on the panels through machining;
secondly, forming a C-shaped thin rod spring wire with a straight section and a bent section, and manufacturing the C-shaped thin rod spring wire by pultrusion, mould pressing or RTM (resin transfer molding) forming methods;
thirdly, placing the formed spring wire into an assembly fixture;
the assembling fixture comprises a plurality of assembling units and a positioning device, the number of the assembling units is the same as the number of rows of the inner spring wires of the designed spring, each assembling unit comprises a front pressing plate, a rear pressing plate and a backing plate, and the sum of the thicknesses of the front pressing plate, the rear pressing plate and the backing plate is the same as the row spacing of the inner spring wires of the designed spring;
the front pressing plate or the rear pressing plate of the assembly unit is provided with a groove position with the same size as the middle part of the spring wire, so that the straight sections at two ends of the spring wire can be exposed after the spring wire is placed in the groove position, the later bonding is facilitated, the number of the groove positions is the same as that of the spring wires in the same row of the designed spring, and the distance between the groove positions is the design distance of the spring wires of the spring;
all the assembly units are coated with a release agent, so that the spring wires or the panels are prevented from being bonded with the assembly clamp in the later period;
assembling the assembly units together by a positioning device to determine the relative position between the spring wires;
fourthly, bonding the panels, coating adhesives on hole sites of the upper and lower panels of the spring, aligning the hole sites with the exposed ends of the spring wires on the assembly, and pressurizing for bonding;
fifthly, the assembly fixture is taken out, the assembly units are taken out from the outside to the inside after the firm bonding, and the taking-out step is as follows: and taking out the pressing plate on the outer side of the assembling clamp, then taking out the base plate in the middle, and finally taking out the pressing plate in the assembling clamp.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010933213.5A CN112145602B (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | Composite material spring and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010933213.5A CN112145602B (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | Composite material spring and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN112145602A CN112145602A (en) | 2020-12-29 |
| CN112145602B true CN112145602B (en) | 2022-02-18 |
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Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5834693B2 (en) * | 1981-03-17 | 1983-07-28 | フランスベッド株式会社 | spring structure |
| US4604940A (en) * | 1985-02-28 | 1986-08-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Highly resilient polyurethane elastomer |
| DK0653174T3 (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1999-08-16 | Senne Lizenz & Produkte Gmbh | Upholstery element having a plurality of springs arranged in regular patterns |
| US20120112393A1 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2012-05-10 | Captex Co. Ltd | Non-linear spring structure and pressure spacer using the same |
| CN102345697A (en) * | 2011-09-24 | 2012-02-08 | 贺智挺 | Cage-type spring |
| US9271542B2 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2016-03-01 | Geoff McCue | Apparatus for damping an applied force |
| GB201303048D0 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2013-04-03 | Wood John | Impact absorbing structure |
| EP3083371B1 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2018-02-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Suspension configuration for a vehicle |
| US20180334825A1 (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2018-11-22 | The Regents Of Teh University Of California | Architected material design for seismic isolation |
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