CN112143987A - Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112143987A CN112143987A CN202011045478.8A CN202011045478A CN112143987A CN 112143987 A CN112143987 A CN 112143987A CN 202011045478 A CN202011045478 A CN 202011045478A CN 112143987 A CN112143987 A CN 112143987A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/04—Light metals
- C22C49/06—Aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/04—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by coating, e.g. with a protective or activated covering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material, which is to mix SiO2Carbon fiber, expanded graphite powder and Al2O3And (2) after the mixture is sintered at high temperature, ball milling is carried out, Si is added, the mixture is sintered at high temperature to be infiltrated and coated or loaded on the surface of SiC, then secondary ball milling is carried out, aluminum powder and paraffin are added to be pressed into a plate, the plate is degreased and sintered, and then densification pressing is carried out for multiple times at multiple temperature stages to obtain the silicon carbide ceramic. The composite material Si/SiC/Al of the invention achieves good interface combination, good matching of atom and molecule physicochemical properties, and simultaneously reduces material deformation and the like caused by the difference of expansion coefficientsThe method has the advantages of low thermal expansion coefficient, light weight, good mechanical property, good heat conductivity, strength, plasticity, heat dissipation and other properties, simple operation process, contribution to production control, low cost, easiness in welding, easiness in industrial production, capability of being widely applied to the field of electronic packaging and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic packaging materials, in particular to a preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material.
Background
The electronic packaging is a process of arranging, fixing and connecting semiconductor components and other constituent elements on a frame or a substrate by using a film technology and a fine connection technology, leading out a wiring terminal, and sealing and fixing the wiring terminal through a plastic insulating medium to form a complete three-dimensional structure.
With the development of microelectronic devices toward high performance, light weight and miniaturization, microelectronics have increasingly stringent requirements for packaging materials. The low expansion coefficient materials in the electronic device packaging and military industry are rapidly developed towards high density, thinning, miniaturization and high-requirement mechanical properties, so that the technical bottlenecks of material failure and the like caused by expansion of the original packaging materials are caused.
The heat dissipation element made of materials such as metal aluminum or copper has good heat conduction performance, but the thermal expansion coefficient of metal is far greater than that of inorganic non-metal materials such as semiconductors. When the application working conditions are from hot island in south of the hot sea in summer to desert river in winter, the thermal stress generated by thermal mismatch easily causes failure problems of material warping, cracking, delamination, fracture and the like. The silicon carbide particle reinforced metal-based composite material has the characteristics of good heat-conducting property of metal and low expansion coefficient of a non-metal material, and is widely applied to the fields of microelectronic packaging, automotive electronics, microwave packaging, power packaging and the like and aerospace devices which are harsh in environment and sensitive to weight.
The existing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite needs silicon carbide particles with high volume percentage, and the prepared material has large difference of the strength and the expansion coefficient of the composite due to the interface problem of SiC and aluminum and the dispersion problem of SiC, so that the use performance of the composite is influenced, and therefore, a new process and a new method need to be developed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material for electronic packaging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing SiO2Mixing with carbon fiber, adding expanded graphite powder and Al2O3Sintering for 10-20 hours at 1600-2200 ℃ under the protection of argon gas to obtain a mixture of SiC particles and the carbon fibers coated with SiC on the surface, and marking the mixture as a mixture 1;
(2) sintering the mixture 1 at 400-1200 ℃ for 0.5-10 hours, and removing carbon fibers which are not coated by SiC in the mixture 1 to obtain a mixture 2;
(3) mixing the mixture 2 with Si sheets or Si powder, performing ball milling for 2-10 hours, and then sintering for 2-12 hours at 1450-1500 ℃ under the protection of argon gas to obtain a mixture 3;
(4) ball-milling the mixture 3 for 1-12 hours, cooling in argon protective atmosphere, adding aluminum powder, mixing uniformly, adding paraffin, mixing uniformly, and pressing into a plate material under the pressure of 20-80 MPa;
(5) degreasing and sintering the plate material at 450-550 ℃ for 6-15 hours, and then performing multi-temperature stage and multi-time densification pressing on the degreased and sintered plate material by adopting a hydraulic press to obtain the composite material.
Preferably, in step (1), SiO2And the mass ratio of the carbon fiber to the carbon fiber is (3-4): 1.
Preferably, in the step (1), the amount of the expanded graphite powder added is SiO2And 6-10% of the total mass of the carbon fibers.
Preferably, in step (1), Al2O3Addition of (2)In an amount of SiO2And 0.8-1.5% of the total mass of the carbon fiber.
Preferably, in the step (3), the volume ratio of the mixture 2 to the Si flakes or the Si powder is (0.5-3): 1.
Preferably, in the mixture of the mixture 3 and the aluminum powder in the step (4), the volume fraction of the mixture 3 is 60-80%.
Preferably, in the step (4), the addition amount of the paraffin wax is 2 to 5 percent of the total mass of the mixture 3 and the aluminum powder.
Preferably, the aluminum powder of step (4) has a particle size of 20 μm to 50 μm.
Preferably, in the step (5), the concrete steps of performing multi-temperature stage and multi-densification pressing on the degreased and sintered plate material by using a hydraulic press are as follows:
during the first pressing, heating the plate to 500-550 ℃, then applying pressure, wherein the pressure is 150-250 MPa, and the pressure is maintained for at least 10 seconds after no stroke change of the hydraulic machine in the pressing process, so as to finish the first pressing; and (3) from the second pressing, adjusting the temperature of the plate to 450-500 ℃ during each pressing, and repeating the pressing step of the previous pressing.
Preferably, the plate is densified and pressed at least three times by using a hydraulic press.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a powder metallurgy method to uniformly disperse SiC particles and carbon fibers in the aluminum powder, and can form resultant force by the radial strength of the carbon fibers and the dislocation bypass mechanism of the SiC particles, thereby greatly improving the mechanical property of the aluminum composite material and the elastic modulus of the material and improving the wear resistance of the material. The carbon fibers also form a heat dissipation path for the wire, which improves heat dissipation over SiC alone point contact. In addition, the metallurgical bonding between the powders is improved through solid-liquid composite sintering and densification, and the problems of uneven dispersion of SiC particles and agglomeration of SiC materials in the traditional stirring casting method are solved. The powder metallurgy mode is adopted, the material design is strong, and products without performance can be prepared according to the requirement.
2. According to the invention, by accurately controlling the proportion of Si and SiC, Al and Si form a diffusion eutectic reaction after sintering, thereby ensuring that good interface bonding is achieved among Si/SiC/Al, and simultaneously reducing the problems of material deformation and the like caused by the difference of expansion coefficients. The method avoids the phenomenon that the mechanical property and densification problem of the material are affected by factors such as capillary action in the traditional infiltration process, and the SiC and the aluminum surface are not infiltrated after the SiC is sintered into the template, so that the difference between the expansion coefficients of the SiC and the aluminum is large, and the interface is easy to become an important area of material failure.
3. According to the invention, Si/SiC powder is sintered and compacted under high pressure, and Si particles are infiltrated on the SiC surface at high temperature, so that Si is coated or loaded on the SiC surface to form Si/SiC interface combination, and Si and SiC interface atoms and molecules have good matching performance, so that a foundation is provided for the subsequent eutectic reaction of aluminum and silicon, and not only is the interface improved, but also the dispersion performance is improved.
4. The invention further densifies the material by applying large pressure, further reacts and welds the oxide film on the surface of Al with Si and SiC, improves the compactness and the strength, changes the strength problem brought by the traditional pressure infiltration process and the problem of high expansion rate of other aluminum alloys, obtains the composite material with small tissue porosity and high density,
5. the test shows that the composite material has the bending strength of 320MPa, the elongation of 0.43 percent, the coefficient of thermal expansion (30-150 ℃) of 7.6 ppm/DEG C, good material performance and low coefficient of thermal expansion, which shows that the composite material of the invention is added with a certain amount of carbon fiber and expanded graphite powder on the basis of not reducing the effective application performance, not only can reduce the mass fraction of silicon carbide and reduce the whole weight, but also can improve the performances of the composite material such as thermal conductivity, strength, heat dissipation and the like, and the failure problems of material warping, cracking, delamination, fracture and the like caused by reducing the thermal stress generated by thermal mismatch are easy to cause.
Therefore, the composite material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of lower coefficient of thermal expansion, low cost, easiness in welding, wider application range, simple operation process, contribution to production control and easiness in industrial production, can be widely applied to the fields of microelectronic packaging, power electronic packaging, microwave packaging, photoelectron packaging and the like, and has good application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1
A preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing SiO2Mixing with carbon fiber at a mass ratio of 3:1, and adding SiO2And expanded graphite powder of 6% by mass of the total carbon fiber, and SiO2And 0.8% of Al in the total mass of the carbon fibers2O3Sintering for 20h at 1600 ℃ under the argon protective atmosphere to obtain a mixture of SiC particles and the carbon fibers with SiC coated on the surfaces, and marking the mixture as a mixture 1;
(2) sintering the mixture 1 in the step (1) in air for 0.5h, wherein the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃, removing carbon fibers which are not coated by SiC in the mixture 1 to obtain a mixture 2, and forming a plurality of micropores and a silicon oxide layer on the surface of the mixture 2;
(3) mixing the mixture 2 and the Si sheet in the step (2) according to the volume ratio of 0.5:1, placing the mixture in a roller ball mill for ball milling for 10 hours, then sintering the mixture for 12 hours at 1450 ℃ in an argon protective atmosphere, and carrying out infiltration on the surface of SiC by the Si sheet in the process, coating or loading the Si sheet on the surface of SiC to form Si/SiC interface combination to obtain a mixture 3;
(4) ball-milling the mixture 3 obtained in the step (3) for 1h, cooling to normal temperature in argon protective atmosphere, adding pure aluminum powder with the particle size of 20 microns, uniformly mixing the mixture 3 and the pure aluminum powder, adding paraffin wax accounting for 2% of the total mass of the mixture 3 and the pure aluminum powder, uniformly mixing, paving in a die cavity, and pressing into a plate material under the pressure of 80 MPa;
(5) degreasing and sintering the plate material obtained in the step (4) at 450 ℃ for 15h, and then performing three times of densification pressing on the plate material by adopting a hydraulic machine, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
first pressing: heating the plate to 500 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to 250MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 20s after the hydraulic press has no stroke change in the pressing process to finish the first pressing;
and (3) second pressing: maintaining the temperature of the plate unchanged, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to 250MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 15s after the hydraulic press does not have stroke change in the pressing process to finish the second pressing;
and (3) third compression: and repeating the step of pressing for the second time to obtain the aluminum matrix composite.
Example 2
A preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing SiO2Mixing with carbon fiber at a mass ratio of 3.2:1, adding SiO2And expanded graphite powder of 6.8% by mass of the total carbon fiber, and SiO2And Al in an amount of 1.5% by mass based on the total mass of the carbon fibers2O3Sintering at 1720 ℃ for 18h under the argon protective atmosphere to obtain a mixture of SiC particles and the carbon fibers with the surfaces coated with SiC, and marking the mixture as a mixture 1;
(2) sintering the mixture 1 in the step (1) in air for 2h, wherein the sintering temperature is 1100 ℃, removing carbon fibers which are not coated by SiC in the mixture 1 to obtain a mixture 2, and forming a plurality of micropores and a silicon oxide layer on the surface of the mixture 2;
(3) mixing the mixture 2 and the Si sheet in the step (2) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, placing the mixture in a roller ball mill for ball milling for 8.5h, and then sintering the mixture for 10h at 1460 ℃ in an argon protective atmosphere, wherein the Si sheet is infiltrated on the surface of SiC in the process, coated or loaded on the surface of SiC to form Si/SiC interface combination, so as to obtain a mixture 3;
(4) ball-milling the mixture 3 obtained in the step (3) for 3 hours, cooling to normal temperature in argon protective atmosphere, adding pure aluminum powder with the particle size of 25 microns, wherein the mixture 3 accounts for 63% of the total volume of the mixture and the pure aluminum powder, uniformly mixing, adding paraffin wax accounting for 2.5% of the total mass of the mixture 3 and the pure aluminum powder, uniformly mixing, paving in a die cavity, and pressing under the pressure of 70MPa to obtain a plate material;
(5) degreasing and sintering the plate material obtained in the step (4) at 470 ℃ for 13.5h, and then performing three times of densification pressing on the plate material by using a hydraulic machine, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
first pressing: heating the plate to 510 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic machine to 230MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 25s after the hydraulic machine has no stroke change in the pressing process to finish the first pressing;
and (3) second pressing: adjusting the temperature of the plate material to 450 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to 230MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 18s after the hydraulic press has no stroke change in the pressing process to finish the second pressing;
and (3) third compression: and repeating the step of pressing for the second time to obtain the aluminum matrix composite.
Example 3
A preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing SiO2Mixing with carbon fiber at a mass ratio of 3.4:1, adding SiO2And 7.5% by mass of the total mass of the carbon fibers, and SiO2And Al in an amount of 1.4% by mass based on the total mass of the carbon fibers2O3Sintering at 1850 ℃ for 16h under the protection of argon gas to obtain a mixture of SiC particles and the carbon fibers coated with SiC on the surface, which is marked as a mixture 1;
(2) sintering the mixture 1 in the step (1) in air for 4 hours at the sintering temperature of 950 ℃, removing carbon fibers which are not coated by SiC in the mixture 1 to obtain a mixture 2, and forming a plurality of micropores and a silicon oxide layer on the surface of the mixture 2;
(3) mixing the mixture 2 and the Si sheet in the step (2) according to the volume ratio of 1.5:1, placing the mixture and the Si sheet in a roller ball mill for ball milling for 7 hours, and then sintering the mixture for 8 hours at 1470 ℃ in the argon protective atmosphere, wherein the Si sheet is infiltrated on the SiC surface in the process, coated or loaded on the SiC surface to form Si/SiC interface combination, and obtaining a mixture 3;
(4) ball-milling the mixture obtained in the step (3) for 5h for 3h, cooling to normal temperature in argon protective atmosphere, adding pure aluminum powder with the particle size of 30 microns, uniformly mixing the mixture 3 accounting for 68% of the total volume of the mixture and the pure aluminum powder, adding paraffin wax accounting for 3% of the total mass of the mixture 3 and the pure aluminum powder, uniformly mixing, paving in a die cavity, and pressing under the pressure of 60MPa to obtain a plate material;
(5) degreasing and sintering the plate material obtained in the step (4) at 495 ℃ for 12h, and then performing four times of densification pressing on the plate material by adopting a hydraulic machine, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
first pressing: heating the plate to 520 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic machine to 200MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 20s after the hydraulic machine has no stroke change in the pressing process to finish the first pressing;
and (3) second pressing: adjusting the temperature of the plate material to 460 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to 195MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 20s after the hydraulic press has no stroke change in the pressing process to finish the second pressing;
and (3) third compression: repeating the step of pressing for the second time to finish the third pressing;
fourth pressing: and adjusting the temperature of the plate material to be 450 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to be 180MPa, and keeping the pressure for 10s after the hydraulic press does not have stroke change in the pressing process to obtain the aluminum-based composite material.
Example 4
A preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing SiO2Mixing with carbon fiber at a mass ratio of 3.6:1, and adding SiO2And expanded graphite powder of 9% by mass of the total carbon fiber, and SiO2And Al in an amount of 1.2% by mass based on the total mass of the carbon fibers2O3Sintering for 14h at 1980 ℃ under the protection of argon gas to obtain a mixture of SiC particles and the carbon fibers coated with SiC on the surface, and marking the mixture as a mixture 1;
(2) sintering the mixture 1 in the step (1) in air for 6h, wherein the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, removing carbon fibers which are not coated by SiC in the mixture 1 to obtain a mixture 2, and forming a plurality of micropores and a silicon oxide layer on the surface of the mixture 2;
(3) mixing the mixture 2 obtained in the step (2) with Si powder according to the volume ratio of 2:1, placing the mixture in a roller ball mill for ball milling for 5.5 hours, and then sintering the mixture for 6 hours at 1480 ℃ in an argon protective atmosphere, wherein the Si powder is infiltrated on the surface of SiC, coated or loaded on the surface of SiC to form Si/SiC interface combination, so as to obtain a mixture 3;
(4) ball-milling the mixture 3 obtained in the step (3) for 7h, cooling to normal temperature in argon protective atmosphere, adding pure aluminum powder with the particle size of 35 microns, wherein the mixture 3 accounts for 75% of the total volume of the mixture and the pure aluminum powder, uniformly mixing, adding paraffin wax accounting for 3.5% of the total mass of the mixture 3 and the pure aluminum powder, uniformly mixing, paving in a die cavity, and pressing under the pressure of 50MPa to obtain a plate material;
(5) degreasing and sintering the plate material in the step (4) at 510 ℃ for 10h, and then performing four times of densification pressing on the plate material by adopting a hydraulic machine, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
first pressing: heating the plate to 550 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to 190MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 20s after the hydraulic press does not have stroke change in the pressing process to finish the first pressing;
and (3) second pressing: adjusting the temperature of the plate material to be 500 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to be 180MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 15s after the hydraulic press has no stroke change in the pressing process to finish the second pressing;
and (3) third compression: adjusting the temperature of the plate material to 490 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to 170MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 15s after the hydraulic press does not have stroke change in the pressing process to finish third pressing;
fourth pressing: and adjusting the temperature of the plate material to 480 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to 150MPa, and keeping the pressure for 10s after the hydraulic press has no stroke change in the pressing process to obtain the aluminum-based composite material.
Example 5
A preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing SiO2Mixing with carbon fiber at a mass ratio of 4:1, and adding SiO2And expanded graphite powder of 8% by mass of the total carbon fiber, and SiO2And 1% of Al in the total mass of the carbon fibers2O3Sintering for 12h at 2100 ℃ under the protection of argon gas to obtain a mixture of SiC particles and carbon fibers coated with SiC on the surface, and marking the mixture as a mixture 1;
(2) sintering the mixture 1 in the step (1) in air for 8 hours at the sintering temperature of 600 ℃, removing carbon fibers which are not coated by SiC in the mixture 1 to obtain a mixture 2, and forming a plurality of micropores and a silicon oxide layer on the surface of the mixture 2;
(3) mixing the mixture 2 in the step (2) with Si powder according to a volume ratio of 2.4:1, placing the mixture in a roller ball mill for ball milling for 3.5h, and then sintering the mixture for 3.5h at 1490 ℃ in an argon protective atmosphere, wherein the Si powder is infiltrated on the surface of SiC in the process, coated or loaded on the surface of SiC to form Si/SiC interface combination, so as to obtain a mixture 3;
(4) ball-milling the mixture 3 obtained in the step (3) for 10h, cooling to normal temperature in argon protective atmosphere, adding pure aluminum powder with the particle size of 45 microns, uniformly mixing the mixture 3 and the pure aluminum powder, adding paraffin wax accounting for 4.2% of the total mass of the mixture 3 and the pure aluminum powder, uniformly mixing, paving in a die cavity, and pressing under the pressure of 35MPa to obtain a plate material;
(5) degreasing and sintering the plate material obtained in the step (4) at 525 ℃ for 8h, and then performing five times of densification pressing on the plate material by adopting a hydraulic machine, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
first pressing: heating the plate to 520 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic machine to 170MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 20s after the hydraulic machine has no stroke change in the pressing process to finish the first pressing;
and (3) second pressing: adjusting the temperature of the plate material to be 500 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to be 165MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 15s after the hydraulic press does not have stroke change in the pressing process to finish the second pressing;
third to fifth compression: and repeating the second pressing step to obtain the aluminum matrix composite.
Example 6
A preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing SiO2Mixing with carbon fiber at a mass ratio of 3.8:1, and adding SiO2And expanded graphite powder of 10% by mass of the total carbon fiber, and SiO2And 0.9% of Al in the total mass of the carbon fibers2O3Sintering at 2200 ℃ for 10h under the argon protective atmosphere to obtain a mixture of SiC particles and the carbon fibers with SiC-coated surfaces, and marking the mixture as a mixture 1;
(2) sintering the mixture 1 in the step (1) in air for 10 hours at the sintering temperature of 400 ℃, removing carbon fibers which are not coated by SiC in the mixture 1 to obtain a mixture 2, and forming a plurality of micropores and a silicon oxide layer on the surface of the mixture 2;
(3) mixing the mixture 2 obtained in the step (2) with Si powder according to the volume ratio of 3:1, placing the mixture in a roller ball mill for ball milling for 2 hours, then sintering the mixture for 2 hours at 1500 ℃ in an argon protective atmosphere, and carrying out infiltration on the surface of SiC by the Si powder in the process to coat or load the SiC surface to form Si/SiC interface combination so as to obtain a mixture 3;
(4) ball-milling the mixture 3 obtained in the step (3) for 12h, cooling to normal temperature in an argon protective atmosphere, adding pure aluminum powder with the particle size of 50 microns, uniformly mixing the mixture 3 and the pure aluminum powder, adding paraffin wax accounting for 5% of the total mass of the mixture 3 and the pure aluminum powder, uniformly mixing, paving in a die cavity, and pressing into a plate material under the pressure of 20 MPa;
(5) degreasing and sintering the plate material obtained in the step (4) at 550 ℃ for 6h, and then performing five times of densification pressing on the plate material by adopting a hydraulic machine, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
first pressing: heating the plate to 510 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic machine to 160MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 20s after the hydraulic machine has no stroke change in the pressing process to finish the first pressing;
and (3) second pressing: adjusting the temperature of the plate material to 460 ℃, adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic press to 150MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 20s after the hydraulic press has no stroke change in the pressing process to finish the second pressing;
third to fifth compression: and repeating the second pressing step to obtain the aluminum matrix composite.
The composite materials obtained in all the above examples were subjected to mechanical property tests, and the average value of 6 sets of composite material data was: bending strength 320MPa, elongation 0.43%, and thermal expansion coefficient (30-150 deg.C) 7.6 ppm/deg.C. The composite material of the invention effectively reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion while maintaining higher strength, and reduces the failure problems of material warpage, cracking, delamination, fracture and the like easily caused by thermal stress generated by thermal mismatch.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing SiO2Mixing with carbon fiber, adding expanded graphite powder and Al2O3Sintering for 10-20 hours at 1600-2200 ℃ under the protection of argon gas to obtain a mixture of SiC particles and the carbon fibers coated with SiC on the surface, and marking the mixture as a mixture 1;
(2) sintering the mixture 1 at 400-1200 ℃ for 0.5-10 hours, and removing carbon fibers which are not coated by SiC in the mixture 1 to obtain a mixture 2;
(3) mixing the mixture 2 with Si sheets or Si powder, performing ball milling for 2-10 hours, and then sintering for 2-12 hours at 1450-1500 ℃ under the protection of argon gas to obtain a mixture 3;
(4) ball-milling the mixture 3 for 1-12 hours, cooling in argon protective atmosphere, adding aluminum powder, mixing uniformly, adding paraffin, mixing uniformly, and pressing into a plate material under the pressure of 20-80 MPa;
(5) degreasing and sintering the plate material at 450-550 ℃ for 6-15 hours, and then performing multi-temperature stage and multi-time densification pressing on the degreased and sintered plate material by adopting a hydraulic press to obtain the composite material.
2. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), SiO is used2And the mass ratio of the carbon fiber to the carbon fiber is (3-4): 1.
3. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the amount of the expanded graphite powder added is SiO2And 6-10% of the total mass of the carbon fibers.
4. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), Al2O3Is added in an amount of SiO2And 0.8-1.5% of the total mass of the carbon fiber.
5. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the volume ratio of the mixture 2 to the Si flakes or the Si powder is (0.5-3): 1.
6. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the mixture 3 in the mixture of the mixture 3 and the aluminum powder of the step (4) is 60% to 80%.
7. The method for preparing an aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the amount of the paraffin wax added is 2 to 5% of the total mass of the mixture 3 and the aluminum powder.
8. The method for producing an aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the particle diameter of the aluminum powder of the step (4) is 20 μm to 50 μm.
9. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the step of performing multi-temperature stage and multi-densification pressing on the degreased and sintered plate by using a hydraulic press comprises the following specific steps:
during the first pressing, heating the plate to 500-550 ℃, then applying pressure, wherein the pressure is 150-250 MPa, and the pressure is maintained for at least 10 seconds after no stroke change of the hydraulic machine in the pressing process, so as to finish the first pressing; and (3) from the second pressing, adjusting the temperature of the plate to 450-500 ℃ during each pressing, and repeating the pressing step of the previous pressing.
10. The method for preparing the aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein the plate is subjected to densification pressing at least three times by using a hydraulic press.
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| CN202011045478.8A CN112143987B (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material |
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| CN112873972A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-01 | 郑州华晶金刚石股份有限公司 | Preparation process of graphite column for diamond synthesis |
| CN114959517A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-30 | 中南大学 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material and aluminum-based composite material |
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