CN112143869B - Preparation process of quenched and tempered spring steel wire with tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa - Google Patents
Preparation process of quenched and tempered spring steel wire with tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a quenched and tempered spring steel wire with tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa, which comprises a steel wire rod and comprises the following steps: A. peeling; B. toughening and surface treatment; C. cold drawing; D. quenching and tempering and eddy current flaw detection. The process can be used for effectively producing the quenched and tempered spring steel wire for the tail gate spring, the tensile strength of which is 2300-2400 MPa, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 40%, the performance of the tail gate spring produced by the quenched and tempered spring steel wire can reach 1469MPa, the fatigue life is 6-10 ten thousand times, and the attenuation rate is less than 5% after the tail gate spring is kept at 80 ℃ for 1000 hours; meanwhile, the invention has the advantages of simple process, good steel wire straightness, high precision, high spring rolling yield and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment processing of metal materials, in particular to a preparation process of a quenched and tempered spring steel wire with tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa.
Background
The opening and closing of a trunk of a traditional passenger car are controlled by a torsion bar spring (a low-grade car) and a gas spring (a middle-grade car). In order to meet the function of induction automatic opening and closing of a trunk, currently, galloping cars, baby carriages and the like are controlled by cylindrical long-strip springs with flocking, and due to the limitation of the size of the trunk of a passenger car, automobile manufacturers hope to adopt quenched and tempered steel wires with ultrahigh strength and high relaxation resistance to manufacture the springs. The diameter of the steel wire is generally phi 3-4 mm, the tensile strength is 2200-2300 MPa, and the reduction of area is more than or equal to 40%. The performance index of the spring is 1200-1300 PMa of maximum working stress, the fatigue life is 6-10 ten thousand times, and the attenuation rate is less than 5 percent after heat preservation is carried out for 96 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃. However, with the advancement of technology, automobile manufacturers have increasingly demanded higher performance requirements for tailgate springs, such as
The tail door spring has the maximum working stress of 1469MPa, the fatigue life of 6-10 ten thousand times, and the attenuation rate of less than 5 percent after the heat preservation for 1000 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃. Therefore, the requirement can be met only by developing a quenched and tempered spring steel wire with the tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa and the reduction of area greater than or equal to 40%, but the traditional preparation process of the quenched and tempered spring steel wire cannot be adapted. A new process for preparing a quenched and tempered spring steel wire must be developed to achieve the effect of grain refinementQuenched and tempered spring steel wire with refined structure and higher density dislocation. The traditional process for preparing the quenched and tempered spring steel wire is that after a spring steel wire rod with 7.0mm phi is peeled to 6.5mm phi, the spring steel wire rod can be subjected to large-compression cold-drawing processing after annealing or normalizing or lead bath quenching and surface treatment. After annealing of phi 6.5mm65Si2CrV steel wires at 670-690 ℃, the tensile strength is 770-820 MPa, the reduction of area is 56-58%, and the metallographic structure is spherical carbide and flaky carbide which are incompletely spheroidized and distributed on a ferrite matrix, as shown in figure 1. Firstly, spherical carbide can not completely dissolve large spherical carbide and realize the homogenization of austenite structure under the conditions that the wire routing speed of a steel wire is 35m/min and the austenite temperature is 920-950 ℃ (when the steel wire is heated and austenitized from normal temperature to the quenching time is only 10.3 seconds), as shown in figure 2, the plasticity is not seriously reduced when the tensile strength of a quenched and tempered spring steel wire with the diameter of 3-4 mm is about 2200MPa, the reduction of section area of a tensile sample is not more than 10 percent, and the requirement of spring manufacturing can not be met; and secondly, the center segregation region of the steel wire with the size of less than phi 3.8mm of cold drawing is easy to generate human-shaped microcracks, as shown in figure 3, early fatigue fracture occurs in the service process of the spring, and fracture occurs in the spring rolling or hot pressing process in serious cases. The tensile strength of the phi 6.5mm65Si2CrV steel wire is 1180-12200 MPa after austenitizing at 900-920 ℃ and performing on-line normalizing, the reduction of area is 60-62%, and the metallographic structure is sorbite, pearlite and globular carbide under the normal condition, which is shown in figure 4. However, if there is a serious segregation of Si, Mn, Cr elements in the core of the steel wire, the abnormal structure of quenched martensite appears in the core segregation region, as shown in FIG. 5. The research shows that the optimal lead bath quenching temperature of a phi 6.5mm65Si2CrV steel wire after austenitizing at 900-920 ℃ is 600-620 ℃, but the maximum service temperature of an industrial lead bath furnace is only 560 ℃. Therefore, the process cannot be industrially implemented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation process of a quenched and tempered spring steel wire with tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa, aiming at solving the defects. The process can effectively produce the quenched and tempered spring steel wire for the tail gate spring, which has the tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa and the reduction of area greater than or equal to 40%.
The problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation process of a quenched and tempered spring steel wire with tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa comprises a steel wire rod and comprises the following steps:
A. peeling: rounding, peeling and winding the steel wire rod which is sequentially unfolded by the pay-off device and straightened by the straightening device on a peeling production line;
B. toughening and surface treatment: sequentially austenitizing the peeled steel wire which is sequentially expanded by a pay-off device by an electric heating management furnace with an austenitizing temperature of 920-940 ℃, rapidly cooling by an overflow type sodium polyacrylate concentrated aqueous solution tank with a water bath temperature of more than 90 ℃, isothermally tempering by an electric heating pipe furnace with a tempering temperature of 600-620 ℃, cooling by the overflow type water cooling tank, cleaning by an overflow type ultrasonic phosphoric acid tank with a phosphoric acid temperature of 55-65 ℃, phosphorizing at a medium temperature, saponifying, drying by hot air at a temperature of 110-120 ℃ and reversely taking up; wherein the wiring speed in the production process of the peeled steel wire with the diameter of phi 6.5mm is 1.9-2.2 m/min; the toughened steel wire with the diameter of 6.5mm has the tensile strength of 1210-1320 MPa and the reduction of area of 54-60 percent; the phosphating coating on the surface of the steel wire subjected to phosphating treatment is uniform and compact, and the thickness of the phosphating film is 8-12 g/m 2; on an expanded toughening and surface treatment continuous production line;
C. cold drawing: cold-drawing the toughened and surface-treated steel wire to a semi-finished steel wire with the diameter of 3-4 mm on an 8/600 straight-going continuous wire drawing machine, wherein the drawing speed of the finished steel wire is 160-180 m/min;
D. quenching and tempering, eddy current flaw detection: performing austenite homogenization induction heating, annular jet quenching, induction heating tempering at 418-425 ℃, overflow water cooling, magnetizing, through eddy current flaw detection, rotary eddy current flaw detection, demagnetization, color marking detection, antirust oil coating, wire winding, sampling mechanical property detection, packaging and warehousing on semi-finished cold-drawn steel wires which are sequentially unfolded by a pay-off device on a quenching and tempering and eddy current flaw detection continuous production line; the linear speed of the steel wire in the production process is 32-35 m/min; the microstructure of the finished quenched and tempered spring steel wire is a large amount of uniform, compact and thin lath martensite, precipitated phase particles in the transverse direction and the vertical direction are enriched, the size is about 10nm thick, and the length is 200 nm; the components are carbides rich in Cr to strengthen the matrix; the austenite grain size is 11.4 grade.
The concentration range of the sodium polyacrylate in the water bath solution of the overflow type sodium polyacrylate concentrated aqueous solution tank is 12-16%.
The concentration range of phosphoric acid in the overflow type ultrasonic phosphoric acid tank is 18-20%.
The temperature of the phosphating solution for medium-temperature phosphating is 65-75 ℃, and the components of the phosphating solution comprise 70-110 points of total acidity, 9-14 points of free acid, 21-26 g/l of phosphate radical, 4/2-63 gl of nitrate radical and 32-40 g/l of zinc oxide.
The temperature of the saponified soap liquid is more than 90 ℃, and the concentration range of the soap liquid is 2-3%.
The quenching medium for annular jet quenching is a high molecular polymer aqueous solution, the polymer concentration is 14-18%, and the temperature of the aqueous solution is 30-42 ℃.
The raw material of the steel wire rod is 65Si2 CrV.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the process can be used for effectively producing the quenched and tempered spring steel wire for the tail gate spring, the tensile strength of which is 2300-2400 MPa, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 40%, the performance of the tail gate spring produced by the quenched and tempered spring steel wire can reach 1469MPa, the fatigue life is 6-10 ten thousand times, and the attenuation rate is less than 5% after the tail gate spring is kept at 80 ℃ for 1000 hours; meanwhile, the invention has the advantages of simple process, good steel wire straightness, high precision, high spring rolling yield and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of spherical carbides and lamellar carbides which are incompletely spheroidized;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram showing that large spherical carbides cannot be completely dissolved;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram showing that human-shaped micro-cracks are likely to appear in a steel wire core segregation zone;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of a metallographic structure of sorbite + pearlite + spherulitic carbide;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure diagram showing quenched martensite abnormal structure in a center segregation zone;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic structure diagram of a metallographic structure of sorbite + pearlite + spherulitic carbide according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a metallographic structure of Cr-enriched carbide according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a metallographic structure diagram of the austenite grain size of grade 11.4 according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a metallographic structure diagram of the austenite grain size of grade 9.7 provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 6 to 9, the preparation process of a quenched and tempered spring steel wire with tensile strength of 2300 to 2400MPa disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
A. peeling: rounding, peeling and winding the steel wire rod which is sequentially straightened by the uncoiling device and the straightening device on a peeling production line;
B. toughening and surface treatment: in an expanded toughening and surface treatment continuous production line, a peeled steel wire which is sequentially expanded by a pay-off device is sequentially subjected to austenitization (the austenitizing temperature is 920-940 ℃) by an electric heating furnace, quick cooling treatment by an overflow sodium polyacrylate concentrated water solution tank (the water bath temperature is more than 90 ℃ and the concentration range of sodium polyacrylate in the water bath solution is 12-16%), isothermal tempering (the tempering temperature is 600-620 ℃) by the electric heating furnace, cooling by the overflow water tank, cleaning by an overflow ultrasonic phosphoric acid tank (the phosphoric acid temperature is 55-65 ℃ and the concentration range of phosphoric acid is 18-20%), medium-temperature phosphating (the temperature of a phosphating solution is 65-75 ℃, the components of the phosphating solution comprise 70-110 ℃ of total acidity, 9-14 ℃ of free acid, 21-26 g/l of phosphate radical, 42-63 g/l of nitrate radical, 32-40 g/l of zinc oxide), saponification (the temperature of a soap solution is more than 90 ℃, the concentration range of the soap solution is 2% -3%), drying (the temperature of drying hot air is 110-120 ℃) and rewinding in an inverted mode. The wiring speed in the production process of the peeled steel wire with the diameter of 6.5mm is 1.9-2.2 m/min. The toughened steel wire with the diameter of 6.5mm has the tensile strength of 1210-1320 MPa and the reduction of area of 54-60 percent. The metallographic structure is sorbite + pearlite + spherulitic carbide, which is shown in figure 6. The phosphating coating on the surface of the steel wire subjected to phosphating treatment is uniform and compact, and the thickness of the phosphating film is 8-12 g/m 2;
C. cold drawing: cold-drawing the toughened and surface-treated steel wire to a semi-finished steel wire with the diameter of 3-4 mm on an 8/600 straight-going continuous wire drawing machine, wherein the drawing speed of the finished steel wire is 160-180 m/min;
D. quenching and tempering, eddy current flaw detection: the semi-finished cold-drawn steel wire sequentially unfolded by a pay-off device is subjected to austenite homogenization (austenitizing temperature is 945-965 ℃) by induction heating, annular jet quenching (a quenching medium is a high-molecular polymer aqueous solution, the concentration of a polymer is 14% -18%, and the temperature of the aqueous solution is 30-42 ℃), induction heating tempering (tempering temperature is 418-425 ℃), overflow water cooling, magnetizing, through eddy current testing, rotary eddy current testing, demagnetization, color marking, antirust oil coating, wire collection, sampling mechanical property testing, packaging and warehousing on a quenching and tempering and eddy current testing continuous production line. The linear speed of the steel wire in the production process is 32-35 m/min. The microstructure of the finished quenched and tempered spring steel wire is a large amount of uniform, compact and thin lath martensite, precipitated phase particles in the transverse direction and the vertical direction are enriched, the size is about 10nm thick, and the length is 200 nm; the components are Cr-enriched carbide, and a matrix is strengthened, as shown in figure 7; the austenite grain size is 11.4 grade, as shown in FIG. 8; the austenite grain size of the same cold-drawn steel wire is only 9.7 grade by the production of the quenched and tempered spring steel wire through the traditional electric heating tube furnace heating austenitizing, oil quenching and lead bath tempering processes, as shown in figure 9.
Because the invention adopts the electric heating tube furnace with protective atmosphere to carry out austenite homogenization treatment on the peeled steel wire, the invention is beneficial to the reduction of iron scale of the steel wire in the high-temperature heating process and is convenient for the subsequent on-line short-time ultrasonic phosphatizing pickling. The steel wire in an austenite homogenized state coming out of the high-temperature electric heating tube furnace passes through a sodium polyacrylate water solution with the temperature of more than 90 ℃ to rapidly reduce the temperature of the steel wire to 640-660 ℃, and then enters the electric heating tube furnace with the temperature of 600-620 ℃ for heat preservation so as to achieve the sorbitic tissue effect close to the ideal lead bath isothermal quenching. The steel wire structure treated by the process is formed by adding a small amount of pearlite and a small amount of dispersion-distributed small spherical carbide to the sorbite content of more than 96 percent, and the structure is not only favorable for realizing large-compression-ratio cold drawing deformation of the steel wire, but also can prevent human-shaped microcracks from being generated in a steel wire center segregation area when the total compression ratio is too large and cold drawing is carried out. The larger size of the human-shaped microcracks can cause the quenched and tempered spring steel wire to break during cold rolling, and the smaller size of the human-shaped microcracks can cause early fatigue fracture of the spring. More importantly, the extremely small amount of dispersion-distributed small spherical carbide is beneficial to dissolving semi-finished steel wires in the rapid induction heating austenite homogenization process, and the tempering troostite with refined grains and refined structure and a small amount of dispersion-distributed nano-scale vanadium carbide are obtained by matching with annular jet quenching of high molecular polymer aqueous solution at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ and subsequent induction heating rapid tempering. Therefore, the tensile strength of the steel wire is 2300-2400 MPa, the reduction of area is slightly reduced, and the technical requirement of being more than or equal to 40 percent can be still met.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation process of a quenched and tempered spring steel wire with tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa comprises a steel wire rod and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. peeling: rounding, peeling and winding the steel wire rod which is sequentially unfolded by the pay-off device and straightened by the straightening device on a peeling production line;
B. toughening and surface treatment: sequentially austenizing the peeled steel wire which is sequentially unfolded by a paying-off device by an electric heating management furnace with an austenizing temperature of 920-940 ℃, quickly cooling by an overflow type sodium polyacrylate concentrated aqueous solution tank with a water bath temperature of more than 90 ℃, isothermally tempering by an electric heating tube furnace with a tempering temperature of 600-620 ℃, cooling by an overflow type water cooling tank, cleaning by an overflow type ultrasonic phosphoric acid tank with a phosphoric acid temperature of 55-65 ℃, phosphorizing at a medium temperature, saponifying, drying by hot air at a temperature of 110-120 ℃, and reversely taking up; wherein the wiring speed in the production process of the peeled steel wire with the diameter of phi 6.5mm is 1.9-2.2 m/min; the toughened steel wire with the diameter of 6.5mm has the tensile strength of 1210-1320 MPa and the reduction of area of 54-60 percent; the phosphating coating on the surface of the steel wire subjected to phosphating treatment is uniform and compact, and the thickness of the phosphating film is 8-12 g/m 2; on an expanded toughening and surface treatment continuous production line;
C. cold drawing: cold-drawing the toughened and surface-treated steel wire to semi-finished steel wire with the diameter of 3-4 mm on an 8/600 straight-line continuous wire drawing machine, wherein the drawing speed of the finished steel wire is 160-180 m/min;
D. quenching and tempering, eddy current flaw detection: performing austenite homogenization induction heating on semi-finished cold-drawn steel wires which are sequentially unfolded by a pay-off device on a quenching and tempering and eddy current flaw detection continuous production line at the austenitizing temperature of 945-965 ℃, performing annular jet quenching by using a high polymer aqueous solution with the polymer concentration of 14-18% and the aqueous solution temperature of 30-42 ℃ as a quenching medium, performing induction heating tempering at the tempering temperature of 418-425 ℃, performing overflow water cooling, magnetizing, passing eddy current flaw detection, rotary eddy current flaw detection, demagnetization, color marking detection, antirust oil coating, wire taking, sampling mechanical property detection, packaging and warehousing; the linear speed of the steel wire in the production process is 32-35 m/min; the microstructure of the finished quenched and tempered spring steel wire is a large amount of uniform, compact and thin lath martensite, precipitated phase particles in the transverse direction and the vertical direction are enriched, and the size of the precipitated phase particles is 10nm thick and 200nm long; the components are carbides rich in Cr to strengthen the matrix; the austenite grain size is 11.4 grade.
2. The process for preparing the quenched and tempered spring steel wire with the tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the concentration range of the sodium polyacrylate in the water bath solution of the overflow type sodium polyacrylate concentrated aqueous solution tank is 12-16%.
3. The process for preparing the quenched and tempered spring steel wire with the tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the concentration range of phosphoric acid in the overflow type ultrasonic phosphoric acid tank is 18-20%.
4. The process for preparing the quenched and tempered spring steel wire with the tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the temperature of the phosphating solution for medium-temperature phosphating is 65-75 ℃, and the components of the phosphating solution comprise 70-110 points of total acidity, 9-14 points of free acid, 21-26 g/l of phosphate radical, 4/2-63 gl of nitrate radical and 32-40 g/l of zinc oxide.
5. The process for preparing the quenched and tempered spring steel wire with the tensile strength of 2300-2400 MPa according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the temperature of the saponified soap liquid is more than 90 ℃, and the concentration range of the soap liquid is 2-3%.
6. The process for preparing the quenched and tempered spring steel wire with the tensile strength of 2300 to 2400MPa according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the raw material of the steel wire rod is 65Si2 CrV.
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| CN114309122B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2024-01-23 | 铃木加普腾钢丝（苏州）有限公司 | Forming process of irregular polygonal oil quenching steel wire of automobile clutch |
| CN114309123B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2024-01-23 | 铃木加普腾钢丝（苏州）有限公司 | Trapezoidal oil quenching carbon steel drawing forming process for automobile clutch |
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