CN112142789A - Production method of alkyl phosphine - Google Patents

Production method of alkyl phosphine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112142789A
CN112142789A CN201910570079.4A CN201910570079A CN112142789A CN 112142789 A CN112142789 A CN 112142789A CN 201910570079 A CN201910570079 A CN 201910570079A CN 112142789 A CN112142789 A CN 112142789A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
initiator
solvent
phosphine
free radical
producing
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Pending
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CN201910570079.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
戴轩武
刘锋
江卓贤
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Nanjing Weifu Chemical Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing Weifu Chemical Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN201910570079.4A priority Critical patent/CN112142789A/en
Publication of CN112142789A publication Critical patent/CN112142789A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/50Organo-phosphines
    • C07F9/5004Acyclic saturated phosphines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/50Organo-phosphines
    • C07F9/505Preparation; Separation; Purification; Stabilisation
    • C07F9/5063Preparation; Separation; Purification; Stabilisation from compounds having the structure P-H or P-Heteroatom, in which one or more of such bonds are converted into P-C bonds
    • C07F9/5072Preparation; Separation; Purification; Stabilisation from compounds having the structure P-H or P-Heteroatom, in which one or more of such bonds are converted into P-C bonds from starting materials having the structure P-H

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing alkyl phosphine, which comprises the steps of taking phosphine and olefin as raw materials, dissolving the raw materials in a solvent, and reacting in the solvent under the conditions of heating and pressurizing under the action of an initiator to generate trialkyl phosphine; wherein the solvent is an organic solvent and water according to the volume ratio (2-5): 1, wherein the initiator is an oil-soluble free radical initiator and an organic water-soluble free radical initiator according to a molar ratio (2-5): 1, a mixed initiator. The traditional organic solvent is improved into a mixed solvent of the organic solvent and the aqueous solution, so that the dosage and toxicity of the organic solvent are reduced to a certain extent on the basis of ensuring the original reaction efficiency, yield and production cost, and the safe protection and sustainable development of the production environment are facilitated.

Description

Production method of alkyl phosphine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical production, and particularly relates to a production method of alkyl phosphine.
Background
The alkyl phosphine is also called trialkyl phosphine, is generally colorless liquid or crystal, is easy to dissolve in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, chloroform, benzene, ethanol and the like, is insoluble in water and is extremely toxic. Can be used as reducing agent, olefin polymerization catalyst and hydrogenation catalyst active component, etc.
The usual prior art processes for preparing alkyl phosphines are the grignard reagent process: magnesium reacts with alkyl in ether solution to generate Grignard reagent, phosphorus trichloride ether solution is dripped into the reactant, ice water is used for cooling, reflux reaction is carried out, diluted hydrochloric acid is used for processing, and the finished product is obtained through ether extraction, washing, drying, filtering and reduced pressure distillation. The method has complex procedures and low efficiency, and needs to be improved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing alkyl phosphine, which reduces the dosage and toxicity of organic solvent and is beneficial to the safety protection and sustainable development of production environment.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for producing alkyl phosphine, take phosphine and alkene as raw materials, dissolve in solvent, under the condition of heating, pressurizing, react in solvent under the influence of initiating agent to produce trialkyl phosphine; wherein the solvent is an organic solvent and water according to the volume ratio (2-5): 1, wherein the initiator is an oil-soluble free radical initiator and an organic water-soluble free radical initiator according to a molar ratio (2-5): 1, a mixed initiator.
Further, in the invention, the organic solvent is selected from one or more of diethyl ether, anisole, tetrahydrofuran, n-butyl ether, petroleum ether or C6-C9 n-alkane.
Further, in the present invention, the organic water-soluble radical initiator is a water-soluble azo-based radical initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, and dimethyl azobisisobutyrate initiator; the oil-soluble free radical initiator is an organic peroxide initiator, such as benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl tert-butyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and the like.
Further, the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a solvent: mixing an organic solvent and water according to a volume ratio, and placing the mixture in a high-pressure reaction kettle;
step two, dissolving raw materials: adding phosphine and olefin raw materials into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and uniformly mixing; adding an initiator, and uniformly mixing;
step three, raw material reaction: starting a temperature rise and pressure rise program, and carrying out temperature rise and pressure rise on reactants in the high-pressure reaction kettle to enable the raw materials to react for 1.5-2 hours to obtain alkyl phosphine;
step four, post-treatment: and cooling and refluxing the alkyl phosphine product obtained in the step three through ice water, extracting, washing, drying, filtering and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the final product alkyl phosphine.
Further, in the present invention, in the third step, the temperature raising program of the reaction is set as: heating from 60 ℃ to 120 ℃ according to the heating rate of 0.5-2 ℃/min, keeping the constant temperature of 120 ℃ for 20-30min, and then cooling to 80-100 ℃ until the reaction is finished.
Further, in the present invention, in step three, the pressurization procedure of the reaction is set as follows: pressurizing from 1 MPa to 10MPa according to the pressure increasing rate of 0.2-0.5 MPa/min, and then keeping the pressure constant at 10MPa until the reaction is finished.
Further, in the invention, in the third step, diethyl ether is used for extraction.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the production method of alkyl phosphine has the following advantages: the traditional organic solvent is improved into a mixed solvent of the organic solvent and the aqueous solution, so that the dosage and toxicity of the organic solvent are reduced to a certain extent on the basis of ensuring the original reaction efficiency, yield and production cost, and the safe protection and sustainable development of the production environment are facilitated.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for producing alkyl phosphine takes phosphine and olefin as raw materials, and the phosphine and the olefin are dissolved in an organic solvent and water according to the volume ratio of 2:1 under the conditions of heating and pressurizing, adding an oil-soluble free radical initiator and an organic water-soluble free radical initiator according to a molar ratio of 2:1 in a mixed solvent to generate trialkyl phosphine.
Wherein the organic solvent is a mixture of diethyl ether and C6-C9 n-alkane according to the volume ratio of 1: 1.
Preferably, the organic water-soluble free radical initiator is dimethyl azodiisobutyrate initiator; the oil-soluble free radical initiator is benzoyl peroxide.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a solvent: mixing an organic solvent and water in a volume ratio of 2:1, mixing and placing in a high-pressure reaction kettle;
step two, dissolving raw materials: adding phosphine and olefin raw materials into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and uniformly mixing; adding an initiator, and uniformly mixing;
step three, raw material reaction: starting a temperature rise and pressure rise program, and carrying out temperature rise and pressure rise on reactants in the high-pressure reaction kettle to enable the raw materials to react for 1.5-2 hours to obtain alkyl phosphine;
the temperature program of the reaction was set as: heating from 60 ℃ to 120 ℃ according to the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, keeping the constant temperature of 120 ℃ for 26min, and then cooling to 90 ℃ until the reaction is finished.
The pressurization program of the reaction was set to: pressurizing from 1 MPa to 10MPa according to the boosting rate of 0.4 MPa/min, and then keeping the constant pressure of 10MPa until the reaction is finished;
step four, post-treatment: and cooling the alkyl phosphine product obtained in the third step by using ice water, refluxing, extracting by using diethyl ether, washing, drying, filtering, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the final product alkyl phosphine.
Example 2
A method for producing alkyl phosphine takes phosphine and olefin as raw materials, and the phosphine and the olefin are dissolved in an organic solvent and water according to the volume ratio of 5: 1 under the conditions of heating and pressurizing, adding an oil-soluble free radical initiator and an organic water-soluble free radical initiator in a molar ratio of 5: 1 in a mixed solvent to generate trialkyl phosphine.
Wherein the organic solvent is a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and n-butyl ether according to the volume ratio of 2: 1.
Preferably, the organic water-soluble free radical initiator is formed by mixing azodiisobutyronitrile and azodiisoheptonitrile; the oil-soluble free radical initiator is a mixture of benzoyl tert-butyl peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a solvent: mixing an organic solvent and water in a volume ratio of 5: 1, mixing and placing in a high-pressure reaction kettle;
step two, dissolving raw materials: adding phosphine and olefin raw materials into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and uniformly mixing; adding an initiator, and uniformly mixing;
step three, raw material reaction: starting a temperature rise and pressure rise program, and carrying out temperature rise and pressure rise on reactants in the high-pressure reaction kettle to enable the raw materials to react for 2 hours to obtain alkyl phosphine;
the temperature program of the reaction was set as: heating from 60 ℃ to 120 ℃ according to the heating rate of 0.5/min, keeping the constant temperature of 120 ℃ for 20min, and then cooling to 100 ℃ until the reaction is finished.
The pressurization program of the reaction was set to: pressurizing from 1 MPa to 10MPa according to the boosting rate of 0.5 MPa/min, and then keeping the constant pressure of 10MPa until the reaction is finished;
step four, post-treatment: and cooling the alkyl phosphine product obtained in the third step by using ice water, refluxing, extracting by using diethyl ether, washing, drying, filtering, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the final product alkyl phosphine.
Example 3
A method for producing alkyl phosphine takes phosphine and olefin as raw materials, and the phosphine and the olefin are dissolved in an organic solvent and water according to the volume ratio of 4: 1 under the conditions of heating and pressurizing, adding an oil-soluble free radical initiator and an organic water-soluble free radical initiator in a molar ratio of 4: 1 in a mixed solvent to generate trialkyl phosphine.
Wherein the organic solvent is a mixture of n-butyl ether and petroleum ether according to the volume ratio of 1: 1.
Preferably, the organic water-soluble free radical initiator is an azobisisoheptonitrile initiator; the oil-soluble free radical initiator is formed by mixing benzoyl peroxide tert-butyl ester and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a solvent: mixing an organic solvent and water in a volume ratio of 4: 1, mixing and placing in a high-pressure reaction kettle;
step two, dissolving raw materials: adding phosphine and olefin raw materials into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and uniformly mixing; adding an initiator, and uniformly mixing;
step three, raw material reaction: starting a temperature rise and pressurization program, and carrying out temperature rise and pressurization on reactants in the high-pressure reaction kettle to enable the raw materials to react for 1.5 to obtain alkyl phosphine;
the temperature program of the reaction was set as: heating from 60 ℃ to 120 ℃ according to the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature of 120 ℃ for 30min, and then cooling to 80 ℃ until the reaction is finished.
The pressurization program of the reaction was set to: pressurizing from 1 MPa to 10MPa according to the boosting rate of 0.2 MPa/min, and then keeping the constant pressure of 10MPa until the reaction is finished;
step four, post-treatment: and cooling the alkyl phosphine product obtained in the third step by using ice water, refluxing, extracting by using diethyl ether, washing, drying, filtering, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the final product alkyl phosphine.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for producing alkyl phosphine, which is characterized in that: phosphine and olefin are taken as raw materials, dissolved in a solvent, and reacted in the solvent under the conditions of heating and pressurizing under the action of an initiator to generate trialkyl phosphine; wherein the solvent is an organic solvent and water according to the volume ratio (2-5): 1, wherein the initiator is an oil-soluble free radical initiator and an organic water-soluble free radical initiator according to a molar ratio (2-5): 1, a mixed initiator.
2. The process for producing an alkylphosphine according to claim 1, wherein: the organic solvent is one or more selected from diethyl ether, anisole, tetrahydrofuran, n-butyl ether, petroleum ether or C6-C9 n-alkane.
3. The process for producing an alkylphosphine according to claim 1, wherein: the organic water-soluble free radical initiator is a water-soluble azo free radical initiator and is selected from at least one of azodiisobutyronitrile, azodiisoheptonitrile and dimethyl azodiisobutyrate initiator.
4. The process for producing an alkylphosphine according to claim 1, wherein: the oil-soluble free radical initiator is an organic peroxide initiator and is selected from at least one of benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl tert-butyl peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
5. The process for producing an alkylphosphine according to claim 1, wherein: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a solvent: mixing an organic solvent and water according to a volume ratio, and placing the mixture in a high-pressure reaction kettle;
step two, dissolving raw materials: adding phosphine and olefin raw materials into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and uniformly mixing; adding an initiator, and uniformly mixing;
step three, raw material reaction: starting a temperature rise and pressure rise program, and carrying out temperature rise and pressure rise on reactants in the high-pressure reaction kettle to enable the raw materials to react for 1.5-2 hours to obtain alkyl phosphine;
step four, post-treatment: and cooling and refluxing the alkyl phosphine product obtained in the step three through ice water, extracting, washing, drying, filtering and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the final product alkyl phosphine.
6. The process for producing an alkylphosphine according to claim 5, wherein: in the third step, the temperature rise program of the reaction is set as follows: heating from 60 ℃ to 120 ℃ according to the heating rate of 0.5-2 ℃/min, keeping the constant temperature of 120 ℃ for 20-30min, and then cooling to 80-100 ℃ until the reaction is finished.
7. The process for producing an alkylphosphine according to claim 5, wherein: in the third step, the pressurization program of the reaction is set as follows: pressurizing from 1 MPa to 10MPa according to the pressure increasing rate of 0.2-0.5 MPa/min, and then keeping the pressure constant at 10MPa until the reaction is finished.
8. The process for producing an alkylphosphine according to claim 5, wherein: in the third step, ether is adopted for extraction.
CN201910570079.4A 2019-06-27 2019-06-27 Production method of alkyl phosphine Pending CN112142789A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4757156A (en) * 1986-08-28 1988-07-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for making tertiary alkylphosphines
US5284555A (en) * 1991-08-15 1994-02-08 Albright & Wilson Limited Process for preparing organophosphines
CN101638224A (en) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for purifying phosphine by-product and application method of phosphine by-product
CN105315305A (en) * 2014-07-28 2016-02-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Synthetic method for alkyl phosphine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4757156A (en) * 1986-08-28 1988-07-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for making tertiary alkylphosphines
US5284555A (en) * 1991-08-15 1994-02-08 Albright & Wilson Limited Process for preparing organophosphines
CN101638224A (en) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for purifying phosphine by-product and application method of phosphine by-product
CN105315305A (en) * 2014-07-28 2016-02-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Synthetic method for alkyl phosphine

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