CN112141318B

CN112141318B - Rear edge bending mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving

Info

Publication number: CN112141318B
Application number: CN202011035481.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 葛文杰; 王君楠; 张永红; 朱旭耀; 张旭
Original assignee: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Current assignee: Northwestern Polytechnical University
Priority date: 2020-09-27
Filing date: 2020-09-27
Publication date: 2022-11-29
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-27
Also published as: CN112141318A

Abstract

The invention relates to a trailing edge bending degree changing mechanism based on a 'knuckle' connecting rod drive, which is characterized in that a flexible mechanism is designed around a skin based on a rigid-flexible coupling design idea, when a rigid mechanism is subjected to large deformation, the skin cannot be bent, and a large-deformation wing can greatly improve the lift-drag ratio of an aircraft, save fuel consumption and increase cruising ability. A flexible mechanism design method is adopted, a plurality of characteristic points on the wing skin are taken as optimization targets, and the displacement of the target points is met, so that the trailing edge of the wing deforms smoothly and continuously. Through the design idea that the rigid mechanism drives the flexible mechanism, namely rigid-flexible coupling, the large deformation can be realized, the bearing capacity can be met, and the stable and reliable flight of the airplane can be ensured.

Description

Rear edge bending mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of flexible deformable wings, in particular to a variable camber wing trailing edge device.

Background

With the development of intelligent materials and a structure optimization theory, the current research on the deformation wing has lighter design requirements on the wing, can generate large deformation and has certain bearing performance, the flexible mechanism and rigid mechanism theory is utilized to replace the traditional flap and aileron, the flexible wing which can follow the external environment and can adapt to the bending angle is designed, and the research on the current deformation wing is the key point.

The Yue Wang, university of Toronto in the USA, in 2015, designs a flexible wing based on a full-rigid mechanism, and makes an airplane model for trial flight, wherein the airplane model realizes the motion coupling of four sections of wings through three sliding pairs, and the deformation is continuous and smooth by applying force at the tail end and is small in deformation angle. In the research of the wing with the rigid mechanism bending degree, the rigid mechanism is deformed by a hydraulic or motor driving mechanism, so that the flexible skin is driven to deform. Because the rigid mechanism cannot be optimized simultaneously aiming at multiple target points, if the deformation is large, the skin can be bent, the weight is large, the fuel saving of the airplane is not facilitated, but the bearing performance and the stability performance are good, and the rigid mechanism has great advantages in small deformation.

In 2003, kerr-Jia provided a design method of a deformation and compliance mechanism by taking an adaptive trailing edge as an example, and the designed deformation and compliance mechanism can realize the change of 6.121 inches at the vertex. In the research of the flexible variable camber wing, the design of a compliant mechanism can realize continuous smooth large deformation of the wing, so that the optimal aerodynamic performance is obtained, and the lift coefficient of the aircraft is improved. At present, although ideal deformation can be realized based on the design of a flexible mechanism, the bearing capacity cannot be considered.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention uses the respective advantages of the rigid mechanism driven flexible wing design and the flexible wing design driven by the compliant mechanism for reference, so that the deformation wing not only meets the requirement of large deformation, but also has certain bearing capacity.

The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the rear edge bending degree changing mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving is characterized by comprising a vertical plate, a skin, a main driving shaft, a driving deformation mechanism, a skin recycling mechanism and a transmission mechanism; the root of the upper edge of the skin is fixedly connected with the vertical plate, and the plane of the vertical plate is vertical to the plane of the lower edge of the skin; the main driving shaft, the driving deformation mechanism, the skin recovery mechanism and the transmission mechanism are all positioned in a cavity formed between the upper skin and the lower skin; the transmission mechanism is positioned in the middle of the main driving shaft, two ends of the transmission mechanism are respectively provided with a driving deformation mechanism, and two sides of the driving deformation mechanism are symmetrically provided with a skin recovery mechanism;

the driving deformation mechanism comprises a first main shaft, a first supporting rod, a supporting skin rib, a first sealing rod, a second supporting rod, a second sealing rod, a third supporting rod, an eccentric wheel connecting rod, an eccentric wheel bearing, a first driving bearing and a second shaft; the first support rod, the second support rod and the third support rod are sequentially coaxially hinged, and one end of the first support rod, which is not connected with the second support rod, is hinged with the support plate through a steel shaft; flexible hinges are arranged above and below the three support rods; one end of a supporting skin rib is connected with a flexible hinge on a first supporting rod, two first sealing rods are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first supporting rod, one end of the supporting skin rib is hinged with the supporting plate through a second shaft, and the other end of the supporting skin rib is hinged with a bulge on a second supporting rod; the two second sealing rods are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the second supporting rod, one end of each second sealing rod is hinged with the third supporting rod, and the other end of each second sealing rod is hinged with the first supporting rod; the support saddle is symmetrically fixed on two sides of the first support rod, so that the skin supporting ribs at the eccentric wheel are kept away from the eccentric wheel connecting rod. The eccentric wheel is fixed on the driving shaft, the driving shaft and the bearing end cover and the bearing on the supporting plate are concentrically arranged, a matched bearing is arranged outside the eccentric wheel, one end of a connecting rod of the eccentric wheel is hinged with the second supporting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod of the eccentric wheel is arranged on the bearing;

the skin recovery mechanism comprises a track, a bearing at the position of the sliding block, a connecting rod and a crank, wherein the track is connected with the crank through the connecting rod, the crank is fixedly connected with a driving shaft through a flat key, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the crank, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the sliding block. The slider even has slider department bearing, and the bearing is placed in orbital groove, and the track is fixed on the riser to stretch into the wing middle section through the square hole on the riser.

The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the lower surface of the track is flush with the lower fixing surface of the vertical plate, the track groove curve is consistent with the lower wing profile curve, the distance between the track groove curve and the middle section rigid skin is equal to the thickness of the rear edge skin, and the lower edge skin is clamped in a cavity between the vertical plate and the middle section rigid skin of the wing so as to ensure the wing profile of the lower edge skin in the deformation process.

The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the slider adopts the L shape design, and minor face department links to each other through the bolt with the covering, and the long limit end links firmly through the steel axle with the bearing of both sides, has avoided slider motion in-process and has interfered with riser lower fixing surface.

The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the transmission mechanism comprises a driving motor, a coupler, an incomplete worm wheel, a worm, a bearing end cover, a bearing and a bearing, wherein a driving shaft is fixedly connected with the worm wheel through a spline, the worm is meshed with the worm wheel, the bearing and the bearing end cover are concentrically arranged at two ends of the worm, the bearing end cover is fixedly connected with a supporting plate through a bolt, and the bearing is fixed by a shaft shoulder on the worm shaft. The motor is fixed in the riser front side, and the motor output shaft links firmly mutually with the worm through the shaft coupling.

Effects of the invention

The invention has the technical effects that: the structure is based on a rigid-flexible coupling design idea, and overcomes the defects of large weight, small deformation and insufficient bearing capacity of the flexible deformation wing. The flexible mechanism of covering internal design, through rigid mechanism drive flexible mechanism, just gentle coupled design thought promptly, when rigid mechanism takes place big deformation, the covering can not produce the bucking, can satisfy bearing capacity when realizing 17 degrees big deformations, can increase substantially the lift-drag ratio of aircraft, saves fuel consumption, increases duration, guarantees the reliable and stable flight of aircraft.

Drawings

The attached drawing of the patent shows two wing sections which are symmetrically arranged by taking a transmission mechanism as a center.

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the external mechanism of the trailing edge bending mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving

FIG. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of the internal mechanism of the trailing edge bending degree changing mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rear edge bending degree mechanism driving deformation mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a skin recovery mechanism of a trailing edge bending mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving according to the invention

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the transmission mechanism of the trailing edge bending degree mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the main drive shaft of the knuckle link drive based trailing edge camber mechanism of the present invention

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the internal mechanism of the trailing edge bending mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving of the invention: 1: a vertical plate; 2: covering a skin; 3: a six-bar mechanism support plate; 4: a bearing end cap; 5: a main drive shaft; 6: a worm gear mechanism support plate; 7: a bearing end cap; 8: a first main shaft; 9: a first support bar; 10: a support skin rib; 11: a first closing rod; 12: a support; 13: a second support bar; 14: a second closing rod; 15: a third support bar; 16: a flexible hinge; 17: a second main shaft; 18: a first drive shaft bearing; 19: an eccentric wheel; 20: an eccentric wheel bearing; 21: an eccentric wheel connecting rod; 22: a track; 23: a bearing at the slide block; 24: a slider; 25: a connecting rod; 26: a crank; 27: a motor; 28: a coupling; 29: a worm bearing end cap; 30: a worm bearing; 31: a worm; 32: a worm gear; 33: a second drive shaft bearing; 34: a left drive shaft; 35: the right drive shaft.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the mechanism is composed of a supporting structure, a watt-shaped six-bar mechanism, a skin, a flexible hinge supporting mechanism, a driving mechanism, a lower skin recovering mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a loading device.

The whole mechanism is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the skin 2 is made of glass fiber reinforced composite material, the spread length is 1 m, the chord length is 1.3 m, the root of the upper edge of the skin is fixedly connected with the vertical plate 1 through a bolt, and the plane of the vertical plate 1 is vertical to the plane of the lower edge of the skin 2. Two sets of driving skin deformation mechanisms in an array are arranged in a cavity formed between the upper skin and the lower skin, wherein each set of driving skin deformation mechanisms comprises a set of watt-shaped six-rod mechanisms and two sets of lower skin recovery mechanisms, the two sets of lower skin recovery mechanisms are symmetrically distributed along the six-rod mechanisms, and the distribution condition of the internal mechanisms of the skins is shown in figure 7. The supporting structure comprises a vertical plate 1, and a six-rod mechanism supporting plate 3 and a worm and gear mechanism supporting plate 6 which are fixed on the vertical plate through bolts. The six-rod mechanism supporting plates 3 are symmetrically distributed along the six-rod mechanism, and the number of the whole rear edges is 4; the worm and gear mechanism supporting plates 6 are symmetrically distributed along the worm gear 32, and the number of the whole rear edge is two; the six-rod mechanism supporting plate 3 and the worm and gear mechanism supporting plate 6 are concentrically arranged with the matched bearing end covers 4 and 7, the first driving shaft bearing 18 and the second driving shaft bearing 33 through connecting holes in the plates respectively, and play a role in supporting the main driving shaft 5.

The driving deformation mechanism is shown in fig. 3, wherein the watt-shaped six-rod mechanism is hinged with the supporting plate 3 through the first

main shafts

8 and 17, and the three first supporting

rods

9, 13 and 15 are hinged end to end in a straight line and are hinged on the supporting plate 3 through the first main shaft 8. The three supporting rods are fixed with 12 flexible hinge bases through screws from top to bottom, the flexible hinges are fixed on the bases through screws, the other ends of the hinges are connected with a plurality of supporting skin ribs through bolts, the other ends of the ribs are fixed with the flexible hinges through bolts, and the flexible hinges are fixedly connected with the trussed beams on the skin 2 through bolts. In order to avoid interference between the supporting skin ribs and the connecting rod 21, the flexible hinge brackets 12 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the first supporting rod 9 through screws, so that the supporting skin ribs at the eccentric wheel avoid the eccentric wheel connecting rod 21. Because the distance between the tail end of the third supporting rod 15 and the skin is too close, a flexible hinge is directly fixed on the side face of the tail end of the supporting rod through a screw and is connected up and down, no rib is arranged on the upper side of the tail end, the flexible hinge is directly and fixedly connected with the stringer through a bolt, no truss is arranged on the skin on the lower side of the tail end, and the flexible hinge seat is directly and fixedly connected with the skin through the screw. In order to ensure that the angle of the skin changes, one end of the first closing rod 11 is hinged with the supporting plate 3 through a second main shaft 17, and the other end of the first closing rod is hinged with the second supporting rod 13; two ends of the closing rod 2 are respectively hinged with the first supporting

rods

9 and 15. The eccentric wheel 19 is fixed on the main driving shaft 5 through a flat key, the main driving shaft 5 is concentrically arranged with a bearing end cover and a driving bearing I18 on the six-bar mechanism supporting plate 3, the eccentric wheel bearing 20 is arranged outside the eccentric wheel, one end of a connecting rod 21 is hinged with the second supporting rod 13, and the other end of the connecting rod is arranged on the eccentric wheel bearing 20.

The skin recovering mechanism is shown in fig. 4, wherein a crank 26 is fixedly connected with the main driving shaft 5 through a flat key, one end of a connecting rod 25 is hinged with the crank 26, and the other end is hinged with the sliding block 24. In order to avoid interference between the slide block 24 and the lower fixing surface of the vertical plate in the movement process, the slide block is designed in an L shape, the short edge is connected with the skin through a bolt, the tail end of the long edge is fixedly connected with the slide block bearings 23 on two sides through the first main shaft 8, and the slide block bearings 23 are placed in the grooves of the track 22 so as to avoid overlarge friction force in the movement process. The rail 22 is fixed on the vertical plate 1 through a bolt and extends into the middle section of the wing through a square hole on the vertical plate, the lower surface of the rail is flush with the lower fixing surface of the vertical plate 1, the curve of the rail groove is consistent with the curve of the wing profile on the lower side, the distance between the curve of the rail groove and the rigid skin on the middle section is equal to the thickness of the rigid skin on the rear edge, and the rigid skin on the lower edge is clamped in a cavity between the vertical plate 1 and the rigid skin on the middle section of the wing so as to ensure the wing profile of the rigid skin on the lower edge in the deformation process.

As shown in fig. 5, the loading and transmission mechanism is composed of a main driving shaft 5, a motor 27, a coupling 28, a worm wheel 32 with splines, a worm 31, a worm bearing end cover 29, a worm bearing 30 and a driving shaft bearing 33. The main driving shaft 5 has a specific structure as shown in fig. 6, the whole shaft is divided into two sections along the middle of the spline, and 6 key grooves are arranged on two sides of the whole shaft and are respectively connected with 4 skin recovery cranks 26 and 2 eccentric wheels 19 through flat keys. The driving shaft 5 is fixedly connected with a worm wheel 32 through a spline, the worm 31 is meshed with the worm wheel 32, worm bearings 30 and worm bearing end covers 29 are concentrically arranged at two ends of the worm 31, the worm bearing end covers 29 are fixedly connected with a worm and gear mechanism supporting plate 6 through bolts, and the worm bearings 30 are fixed by shaft shoulders on the worm shaft. The motor 27 is fixed on the front side of the vertical plate 1 through 4 screws, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with the worm 31 through a coupling 28.

The whole mechanism is deformed by driving a skin through a single motor, the motor 27 is connected with the worm 31 through the coupler 28 and then drives the worm wheel 32 to rotate, the worm wheel 32 drives the whole main driving shaft 5 to rotate through a spline, and the driving shaft drives the eccentric wheel of the watt type six-bar mechanism part and the crank of the skin recycling mechanism part to rotate through a flat key. The eccentric wheel upper connecting rod 21 pulls the second supporting rod 13, so that the whole six-rod mechanism is driven to move to a target position, wherein the first supporting rod 9, the second supporting rod 13 and the third supporting rod 15 drive the skin to reach a target wing profile through the flexible hinges and the supporting skin ribs; the connecting rod 25 at the position of the recovered skin drives the sliding block 24, and the bearings on two sides of the sliding block 24 move in the grooves of the track 22, so that the skin is restrained from being driven by the sliding block to recover for a certain length along the appointed airfoil profile curve, and the recovered skin extends into a cavity between the lower side of the vertical plate and the rigid skin at the middle section of the wing, so that the skin at the lower edge is ensured to have no curvature mutation and accurate deformation. When the driving motor stops rotating, the worm gear and the worm are self-locked, and the wing profile with the deformed trailing edge can be kept unchanged.

Claims

1. The rear edge bending degree changing mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving is characterized by comprising a vertical plate (1), a skin (2), a main driving shaft (5), a driving deformation mechanism, a skin recycling mechanism and a transmission mechanism; the root of the upper edge of the skin (2) is fixedly connected with the vertical plate (1), and the plane of the vertical plate (1) is vertical to the plane of the lower edge of the skin (2); the main driving shaft (5), the driving deformation mechanism, the skin recovery mechanism and the transmission mechanism are all positioned in a cavity formed between the upper skin and the lower skin; the transmission mechanism is positioned in the middle of the main driving shaft (5), two ends of the transmission mechanism are respectively provided with a driving deformation mechanism, and two sides of the driving deformation mechanism are symmetrically provided with a skin recovery mechanism;

the driving deformation mechanism comprises a first main shaft (8), a first supporting rod (9), a supporting skin rib (10), a first sealing rod (11), a second supporting rod (13), a second sealing rod (14), a third supporting rod (15), an eccentric wheel (19), an eccentric wheel connecting rod (21), an eccentric wheel bearing (20), a first driving shaft bearing (18) and a second main shaft (17); the first supporting rod (9), the second supporting rod (13) and the third supporting rod (15) are sequentially and coaxially hinged, and one end, which is not connected with the second supporting rod (13), of the first supporting rod (9) is hinged with the supporting plate through a first main shaft (8); flexible hinges are arranged above and below the three support rods; one end of a supporting skin rib (10) is connected with a flexible hinge on a first supporting rod (9), two first sealing rods (11) are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first supporting rod (9), one end of each sealing rod is hinged with the supporting plate through a second main shaft (17), and the other end of each sealing rod is hinged with a bulge on a second supporting rod (13); two second closing rods (14) are symmetrically distributed at two sides of the second supporting rod (13), one end of each second closing rod is hinged with the third supporting rod (15), and the other end of each second closing rod is hinged with the first supporting rod (9); the support (12) is symmetrically fixed on two sides of the first supporting rod (9) to enable the supporting skin rib at the eccentric wheel (19) to avoid the eccentric wheel connecting rod (21); the eccentric wheel (19) is fixed on the main driving shaft (5), the main driving shaft (5) is concentrically arranged with a bearing end cover and a driving shaft bearing II (33) on the supporting plate, an eccentric wheel bearing (20) is arranged outside the eccentric wheel, one end of an eccentric wheel connecting rod (21) is hinged with the second supporting rod (13), and the other end of the eccentric wheel connecting rod is arranged on the eccentric wheel bearing (20);

the skin recovery mechanism comprises a track (22), a bearing (23) at the position of a sliding block, the sliding block (24), a connecting rod (25) and a crank (26), the track (22) is connected with the crank (26) through the connecting rod (25), the crank (26) is fixedly connected with the main driving shaft (5) through a flat key, one end of the connecting rod (25) is hinged with the crank (26), and the other end of the connecting rod (25) is hinged with the sliding block (24); the sliding block (24) is connected with a sliding block bearing (23), the sliding block bearing (23) is placed in a groove of the rail (22), and the rail (22) is fixed on the vertical plate (1) and extends into the middle section of the wing through a square hole in the vertical plate.

2. The trailing edge bending mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the track is flush with the lower fixing surface of the vertical plate (1), the track groove curve is consistent with the lower wing profile curve, the distance between the track groove curve and the middle rigid skin is equal to the thickness of the trailing edge skin, and the lower edge skin is clamped in the cavity between the vertical plate (1) and the middle rigid skin of the wing, so as to ensure the wing profile of the lower edge skin during the deformation process.

3. The trailing edge bending mechanism based on knuckle type connecting rod driving as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slider (24) is of an L-shaped design, the short edge is connected with the skin through a bolt, and the tail end of the long edge is fixedly connected with bearings (23) at the slider positions on two sides through the first main shaft (8), so that the slider (24) is prevented from interfering with a lower fixing surface of the vertical plate in the movement process.

4. The trailing edge bending degree mechanism based on the knuckle type connecting rod driving as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a motor (27), a coupler (28), a worm wheel (32), a worm (31), a worm bearing end cover (29), a worm bearing (30) and a second driving shaft bearing (33), the main driving shaft (5) is fixedly connected with the worm wheel (32) through a spline, the worm (31) is installed in a meshed mode with the worm wheel (32), the worm bearing (30) and the worm bearing end cover (29) are concentrically installed at two ends of the worm (31), the worm bearing end cover (29) is fixedly connected with the worm wheel and worm mechanism supporting plate (6) through a bolt, and the worm bearing (30) is fixed by a shaft shoulder on the worm shaft; the motor (27) is fixed on the front side of the vertical plate (1), and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with the worm (31) through the coupling (28).