CN112139340B - Aluminum alloy component ultralow-temperature forming device and forming method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy component ultralow-temperature forming device and forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112139340B CN112139340B CN202010963235.6A CN202010963235A CN112139340B CN 112139340 B CN112139340 B CN 112139340B CN 202010963235 A CN202010963235 A CN 202010963235A CN 112139340 B CN112139340 B CN 112139340B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
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Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum alloy member ultralow temperature forming device and a forming method, belonging to the technical field of forming of aluminum alloy thin-wall members, wherein the aluminum alloy member ultralow temperature forming device comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein a forming groove matched with the shape of an aluminum alloy member is arranged in the upper die, a first medium cavity and a second medium cavity which are mutually independent are arranged in the lower die, and solid particle media are filled in the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity; the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first medium cavity, and the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the second medium cavity; and the cold source is communicated with the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity. The invention adopts solid particle medium as cooling medium and force transmission medium, has good cold accumulation effect, is easy to realize flexible loading and sealing and is not easy to splash; the deformation sequence and the deformation amount of different areas of the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed can be regulated and controlled, the deformation of the plate blank is coordinated, the wall thickness distribution of a formed component is improved, and the process flexibility is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy thin-wall member forming, in particular to an ultralow-temperature forming device and a forming method for an aluminum alloy member.
Background
Aluminum alloy is widely used for manufacturing main body structures of aircrafts such as aviation and aerospace as a light-weight and high-strength-ratio material, for example, 60% of airframe structures of airbus A380 aircrafts are made of aluminum alloy. In recent years, heavy rockets, large airplanes, new energy automobiles and the like have particularly urgent requirements on light and high-strength aluminum alloy complex thin-wall components.
The prior art related to ultralow temperature forming generally adopts two methods: one is to apply the required deformation load using a rigid punch. However, the slab needs to be cooled by liquid nitrogen in advance and then transferred into a mold for forming, the low temperature required by forming is difficult to realize due to long transfer time and poor mold heat preservation effect, and the other method is to adopt a low-temperature liquid pump to realize liquid nitrogen pressurization and apply the required deformation load by high-pressure liquid nitrogen. However, liquid nitrogen is difficult to seal, and the liquid nitrogen is a gas-liquid mixture after being pressurized, so that the volume change is large, and the pressure is difficult to control. In addition, the plate material is difficult to flow into for realizing high-pressure liquid nitrogen sealing, and the deep-cavity complex component is difficult to form.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems that the existing aluminum alloy member is long in ultra-low temperature forming transfer time, poor in mold heat preservation effect, difficult to realize low temperature, difficult to seal liquid nitrogen, difficult to control pressure and difficult to form a deep-cavity complex member.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an ultra-low temperature forming apparatus for an aluminum alloy member, comprising:
the aluminum alloy member forming device comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein a forming groove matched with the shape of an aluminum alloy member is arranged in the upper die, a first medium cavity and a second medium cavity which are mutually independent are arranged in the lower die, and solid particle media are filled in the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity;
the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first medium cavity, and the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the second medium cavity; and
the cold source is communicated with the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity.
Preferably, the first hydraulic cylinder includes a first vertical hydraulic cylinder and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the first vertical hydraulic cylinder communicates with the first medium chamber through a bottom wall of the first medium chamber, and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder communicates with the first medium chamber through a side wall of the first medium chamber.
Preferably, the second hydraulic cylinder comprises a second vertical hydraulic cylinder and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder is communicated with the second medium cavity through the bottom wall of the second medium cavity, and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder is communicated with the second medium cavity through the side wall of the second medium cavity.
Preferably, the solid particulate medium comprises at least one of stainless steel beads, silica, alumina and zirconia.
Preferably, the end faces of the upper die and the lower die which are matched with each other are provided with micropores, and temperature sensors are arranged in the micropores and used for detecting the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed.
Preferably, the cold source comprises a liquid nitrogen tank and a cryogenic pipeline which are connected with each other, and the cryogenic pipeline is communicated with the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity.
Preferably, the inner wall of the lower die is provided with a heat insulation layer.
Preferably, a displacement sensor is arranged in the forming groove and used for detecting the distance between the aluminum alloy component and the groove wall of the forming groove.
Preferably, the pressure-proof plate is arranged at the contact position of the lower die and the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed.
Compared with the prior art, the ultralow temperature forming device for the aluminum alloy member, provided by the invention, adopts the solid particle medium as the cooling medium and the force transmission medium, and has the advantages of good cold accumulation effect, easiness in realizing flexible loading and sealing, difficulty in splashing and the like; the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first medium cavity, the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the second medium cavity, the deformation sequence and the deformation amount of different areas of the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed are regulated and controlled, the deformation of the plate blank is coordinated, the wall thickness distribution of a formed component is improved, and the process flexibility is high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides an ultra-low temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy member, which is based on the ultra-low temperature forming device of the aluminum alloy member and comprises the following steps:
step S1: the upper die and the lower die are in a separated state, and solid particle media are respectively injected into the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity until the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity are full;
step S2: introducing cooling media into the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity, cooling the solid particle medium to a temperature range of-190 to-180 ℃, and preserving heat for 10-30 min;
step S3: placing a pre-cut aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed on the top of the lower die, pushing the upper die to move downwards, applying pressure of 0.5-2.0MPa to the lower die, and closing the upper die and the lower die;
step S4: when the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed reaches the temperature range of-190 to-160 ℃, starting a first vertical hydraulic cylinder and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder, pressing the first vertical hydraulic cylinder and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder into the first medium cavity at the speed of 0.5-2mm/s, pushing the solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed, and enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed to flow into the upper die under the pressure action of the solid particle medium;
step S5: starting a second vertical hydraulic cylinder and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder, enabling the first vertical hydraulic cylinder and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder to be pressed into the first medium cavity at the speed of 0.5-2mm/s, and enabling the second vertical hydraulic cylinder and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder to be pressed into the second medium cavity at the speed of 0.5-2mm/s, pushing the solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed again, and continuously enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed to flow into the upper die under the pressure effect of the low-temperature solid particle medium;
step S6: continuously applying 2-10MPa pressure to the lower die to enable the aluminum alloy plate blank to be molded to be completely attached to the molding groove of the upper die under the pressure action of the solid particle medium, and maintaining the pressure for 3-30 s;
step S7: discharging the residual cooling medium in the first medium cavity and the second medium cavity, returning the first vertical hydraulic cylinder, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder and the upper die, opening the die, and taking out the formed aluminum alloy component.
Preferably, the forming groove of the formed aluminum alloy member is a stepped structure, and the volume of the forming groove and the first vertical hydraulic cylinder, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder, and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder satisfy the following calculation formula:
L1＝K1(ΔV/S),L2＝K2(V-ΔV)/2S,
wherein L1 is the sum of the moving distance of the first vertical hydraulic cylinder and the moving distance of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder in step S4; l2 is the sum of the moving distance of the first vertical hydraulic cylinder and the moving distance of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder in step S5 or the moving distance of the second vertical hydraulic cylinder and the moving distance of the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder in step S5; v is the volume of the forming groove, delta V is the volume difference of the stepped envelope, S is the cross-sectional area of the medium cavity, K1 and K2 are constants, the value range of K1 is 1.2-1.5, and the value range of K2 is 0.8-1.2.
According to the ultralow-temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy component, the volume difference corresponding to the step difference can be calculated according to the shape characteristics of the step-shaped part, so that the aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed is preferentially formed into a region with a larger depth and is attached to a mold, and excessive thinning is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the ultralow-temperature forming method and the ultralow-temperature forming device for the aluminum alloy member have the same other advantages, and are not repeated herein.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural view of an ultra-low temperature forming apparatus for aluminum alloy components according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of an ultra-low temperature forming apparatus for aluminum alloy structural members according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the third schematic structural view of the ultra-low temperature forming apparatus for aluminum alloy structural member in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for ultra-low temperature forming of an aluminum alloy member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a forming trough of an aluminum alloy member prepared in an example of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the central cross-sectional shape of a forming groove of an aluminum alloy member produced in an example of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a first schematic structural view of an aluminum alloy article prepared in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a second structural schematic of an aluminum alloy article prepared in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a third structural schematic of an aluminum alloy article prepared in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a fourth structural schematic of an aluminum alloy article prepared in an example of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-upper die, 2-lower die, 3-upper beam, 4-lower beam, 5-aluminum alloy plate blank to be formed, 6-second horizontal hydraulic cylinder, 7-first horizontal hydraulic cylinder, 8-second vertical hydraulic cylinder, 9-first vertical hydraulic cylinder, 10-second medium cavity, 11-first medium cavity, 12-liquid nitrogen tank, 13-control valve and 14-low temperature pipeline.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the forward direction of "X" in the drawings represents the right direction, the reverse direction of "X" represents the left direction, the forward direction of "Y" represents the upper direction, the reverse direction of "Y" represents the lower direction, and the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "X" and "Y" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings of the specification, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. The description of the term "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. Throughout this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same implementation or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an aluminum alloy member ultra-low temperature forming apparatus, including:
the cooling device comprises an upper die 1 and a lower die 2, wherein a forming groove matched with the shape of an aluminum alloy component is arranged in the upper die 1, a first medium cavity 11 and a second medium cavity 10 which are mutually independent are arranged in the lower die 2, and solid particle media are filled in the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10, wherein the solid particle media are used as cooling media and force transmission media, so that the cooling device has the advantages of good cold accumulation effect, easiness in realizing flexible loading and sealing, difficulty in splashing and the like;
the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first medium cavity 11, and the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the second medium cavity 10; and
and the cold source is communicated with the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10.
The first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first medium cavity 11, the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the second medium cavity 10, the cold source is communicated with the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10, a low-temperature environment is provided, the deformation sequence and the deformation amount of different areas of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed are regulated, the deformation of the plate blank is coordinated, the wall thickness distribution of a forming component is improved, and the process flexibility is high.
In this embodiment, the forming groove is adapted to the shape of the aluminum alloy member in that the aluminum alloy member includes a straight plate portion structure and a protruding portion structure connected to each other, and the shape of the forming groove is adapted to the shape of the protruding portion structure of the aluminum alloy member.
In this embodiment, a partition board is disposed in the lower mold 2, and divides the lower mold into a first medium cavity 11 and a second medium cavity 10, and the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 are independent from each other and are not communicated with each other.
The upper die 1 and the lower die 2 in the embodiment are respectively fixed on an upper cross beam 3 and a lower cross beam 4 of the die closing press, and the upper die 1 is driven to move downwards by the upper cross beam 3 to apply pressure to the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed.
In this embodiment, the shapes of the first medium chamber 11 and the second medium chamber 10 are not limited, and in some preferred embodiments, the cross-sectional shapes of the first medium chamber 11 and the second medium chamber 10 may be rectangular or square, which is simple in structure and easy to process.
In some preferred embodiments, the first hydraulic cylinder comprises a first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 is communicated with the first medium cavity 11 through the bottom wall of the first medium cavity 11, and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7 is communicated with the first medium cavity 11 through the side wall of the first medium cavity 11 and is used for pushing solid particles in the first medium cavity 11 to move and then pushing the aluminum alloy slab 5 to be formed into the forming groove.
In some preferred embodiments, the second hydraulic cylinder comprises a second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 is communicated with the second medium cavity 10 through the bottom wall of the second medium cavity 10, and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 is communicated with the second medium cavity 10 through the side wall of the second medium cavity 10 and is used for pushing the solid particles in the second medium cavity 10 to move and then pushing the aluminum alloy slab 5 to be formed into the forming groove.
In some preferred embodiments, the solid particle medium comprises at least one of stainless steel balls, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide, and the material is easy to obtain and has good heat storage effect.
In some preferred embodiments, the end face of the upper die 1 matched with the lower die 2 is provided with a micropore, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the micropore and used for detecting the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed. In this embodiment, the connection manner between the micro-hole and the temperature sensor is not limited as long as the temperature sensor can be fixed in the micro-hole.
In some preferred embodiments, the cold source comprises a liquid nitrogen tank 12 and a low-temperature pipeline 14 which are connected with each other, and the low-temperature pipeline 14 is communicated with the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 and is used for introducing liquid nitrogen into the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 to ensure the processing temperature of the aluminum alloy slab 5 to be formed.
In some preferred embodiments, the inner wall of the lower die 2 is provided with a heat insulation layer, so that the temperature loss of the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 is avoided, and the processing temperature of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed is influenced.
In some preferred embodiments, a displacement sensor is arranged in the forming groove, and the displacement sensor is used for detecting the distance between the aluminum alloy component and the groove wall of the forming groove. Specifically, the displacement sensor is used for detecting the distance between the protruding part structure of the aluminum alloy member and the groove wall of the forming groove. In some specific embodiments, the displacement sensor comprises a main body and a retractable probe which can be connected with the main body, when the protrusion part structure of the aluminum alloy member is gradually close to the forming groove, the retractable probe gradually retracts into the main body until the protrusion part structure of the aluminum alloy member is attached to the inner wall of the forming groove, so that the distance between the protrusion part structure of the aluminum alloy member and the groove wall of the forming groove can be detected through the displacement sensor to examine the attachment degree of the protrusion part structure of the aluminum alloy member and the forming groove.
In some preferred embodiments, a pressure-proof plate is arranged at the contact position of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed and the lower die 2, the shape of the pressure-proof plate in this embodiment is matched with the planar shape of the contact position of the upper die 1 and the lower die 2, and in some specific embodiments, the square pressure plate is of a flat plate structure made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials, the thickness of the square pressure plate is 0.2-3.0mm, so that the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed is prevented from indentation in the pressing process of the upper die 1, and the forming surface of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed is flat and attractive.
In some preferred embodiments, a low-temperature pipeline 14 can also be arranged in the upper die 1 and is communicated with the liquid nitrogen tank 12, and the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 simultaneously provide a cold source, so that the processing cooling temperature can be reached as soon as possible, and the processing efficiency is improved.
In some preferred embodiments, the cryogenic pipeline 14 is further provided with a control valve 13 for controlling the on-off of liquid nitrogen, and the control is convenient.
Compared with the prior art, the ultralow-temperature forming device for the aluminum alloy member, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, adopts the solid particle medium as the cooling medium and the force transmission medium, and has the advantages of good cold accumulation effect, easiness in realizing flexible loading and sealing, difficulty in splashing and the like; the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first medium cavity 11, the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the second medium cavity 10, the deformation sequence and the deformation amount of different areas of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed are regulated and controlled, the deformation of the plate blank is coordinated, the wall thickness distribution of a formed component is improved, and the process flexibility is high.
As shown in fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an ultra-low-temperature forming method for an aluminum alloy member, based on the ultra-low-temperature forming apparatus for an aluminum alloy member, including the following steps:
step S1: the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 are in an open state, and solid particle media are respectively injected into the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 until the solid particle media are full;
step S2: introducing cooling medium into the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 to cool the solid granular medium to a temperature range of-190 to-180 ℃, and preserving heat for 10-30min, wherein the cooling medium is liquid nitrogen;
step S3: placing the pre-cut aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed on the top of the lower die 2, pushing the upper die 1 to move downwards, applying pressure of 0.5-2.0MPa to the lower die 2, and closing the upper die 1 and the lower die 2, wherein the pre-cut aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed is an aluminum alloy plate blank, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate blank is 0.5-2.5 mm;
step S4: when the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed reaches the temperature range of-190 to-160 ℃, starting the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, pressing the first medium cavity 11 at the speed of 0.5-2mm/s, pushing the solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed, and enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed to flow into the upper die 1 under the pressure effect of the solid particle medium;
step S5: starting a second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6, pressing a first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7 into a first medium cavity 11 at a speed of 0.5-2mm/s, pressing the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 into a second medium cavity 10 at a speed of 0.5-2mm/s, pushing a solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed again, and continuously enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed to flow into the upper die 1 under the pressure action of the low-temperature solid particle medium;
step S6: continuously applying 2-10MPa pressure to the lower die 2 to ensure that the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed is completely attached to the forming groove of the upper die 1 under the pressure action of the solid particle medium, and maintaining the pressure for 3-30 s;
step S7: discharging the residual cooling medium in the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10, returning the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 and the upper die 1, opening the die, and taking out the formed aluminum alloy component.
In step S3, the closing of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 includes starting the mold closing press and driving the upper mold 1 of the upper beam 3 to move down to complete the mold closing with the lower mold 2 of the lower beam 4, and applying a mold closing force of 0.5-2.0MPa to provide a film closing pressure suitable for the processing of the part to be formed.
In this embodiment, before step S3, the method further includes pre-cooling the aluminum alloy slab to make the aluminum alloy slab adapt to the processing temperature more quickly, which is beneficial to processing and forming the aluminum alloy slab, and in some specific embodiments, the aluminum alloy slab may be soaked in a container filled with liquid nitrogen, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 minutes.
In the embodiment, an annealing treatment process is added between the step S4 and the step S5, so that the hardness is reduced, the residual stress is eliminated, the size is stabilized, the deformation and crack tendency is reduced, the crystal grains are refined, the structure is adjusted, and the structure defects are eliminated. In some embodiments, the intermediate shaped aluminum alloy member is annealed at a temperature of between 320 ℃ and 380 ℃ for a period of 30-120 min.
In some preferred embodiments, the forming groove of the formed aluminum alloy member has a stepped structure, and the volume of the forming groove and the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8, and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 satisfy the following calculation formula:
L1＝K1(ΔV/S),L2＝K2(V-ΔV)/2S,
wherein L1 is the sum of the moving distance of the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and the moving distance of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7 in step S4; l2 is the sum of the moving distance of the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and the moving distance of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7 in step S5 or the sum of the moving distance of the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and the moving distance of the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 in step S5; v is the volume of the forming groove, delta V is the volume difference of the stepped envelope, S is the cross-sectional area of the medium cavity, K1 and K2 are constants, the value range of K1 is 1.2-1.5, and the value range of K2 is 0.8-1.2.
In this embodiment, the first medium chamber and the second medium chamber have the same structure and size, and therefore the cross-sectional area of the medium chamber is the cross-sectional area of the first medium chamber or the cross-sectional area of the second medium chamber.
In some preferred embodiments, the stepped structure includes a first step and a second step, and the height of the first step is greater than the height of the second step.
According to the ultralow-temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy component, the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed is preferentially formed into a region with a larger depth and attached to a die by calculating the volume difference corresponding to the step difference of the forming groove according to the shape characteristics of the step-shaped part, so that excessive thinning is avoided.
Compared with other advantages of the prior art, the ultralow-temperature forming method and the ultralow-temperature forming device for the aluminum alloy member have the same advantages, and are not described herein again.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-low temperature forming method for a 5a06 aluminum alloy complex deep-cavity curved surface member, wherein the thickness of an aluminum alloy slab is 1.5mm, the length, width and height dimensions of the manufactured aluminum alloy forming member are 792mm x 392mm x 315mm, and deep-cavity curved surfaces and drawing negative angle characteristics exist, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 are in an open state, and solid particle media are respectively injected into the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 until the solid particle media are full;
step S2: introducing cooling media into the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 to cool the solid particle media to the temperature of minus 190 ℃, and preserving heat for 10min, wherein the cooling media are liquid nitrogen;
step S3: placing a pre-cut aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed on the top of a lower die 2, closing the upper die 1 and the lower die 2, and applying a closing force of 2.0 MPa;
step S4: when the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed reaches the temperature of minus 190 ℃, starting a first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, pressing the first vertical hydraulic cylinder and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder into a first medium cavity 11 at the speed of 0.5mm/s, pushing a solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed, and enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed to flow into an upper die 1 under the pressure action of the solid particle medium;
step S5: starting a second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6, pressing a first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7 into a first medium cavity 11 at the speed of 0.5mm/s, pressing the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 into a second medium cavity 10 at the speed of 0.5mm/s, pushing a solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed again, and continuously enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed to flow into the upper die 1 under the pressure action of the low-temperature solid particle medium;
step S6: adjusting the mold clamping force to be 3MPa, enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be molded to be completely attached to the molding groove of the upper mold 1 under the pressure action of the solid particle medium, and maintaining the pressure for 10 s;
step S7: discharging residual cooling media in the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10, returning to the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 and the upper die 1, opening the die, and taking out the formed 5A06 aluminum alloy complex deep cavity curved surface component.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 7-9, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-low temperature forming method for a 5182 aluminum alloy complex deep-cavity curved surface member, wherein the thickness of an aluminum alloy slab is 1.2mm, the length, width and height of the manufactured aluminum alloy forming member are 1060mm × 520mm × 345mm, and larger step-shaped curved surfaces and convex curved surface features exist, including the following steps:
step S1: the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 are in an open state, and solid particle media are respectively injected into the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 until the solid particle media are full;
step S2: introducing cooling media into the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 to cool the solid particle media to-180 ℃, and preserving heat for 20min, wherein the cooling media are liquid nitrogen;
step S3: placing a pre-cut aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed on the top of a lower die 2, closing the upper die 1 and the lower die 2, and applying a closing force of 1.0 MPa;
step S4: when the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed reaches-180 ℃, starting a first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, pressing the first vertical hydraulic cylinder and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder into a first medium cavity 11 at the speed of 1mm/s, pushing a solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed, and enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed to flow into the upper die 1 under the pressure action of the solid particle medium;
step S5: closing the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder, removing mold clamping force, opening the mold, taking out the 5182 aluminum alloy component with the first intermediate shape for annealing treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 325 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30 minutes;
step S6: putting the annealed 5182 aluminum alloy member on the lower die 2 again, combining films, starting the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 again, pressing the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7 into the first medium cavity 11 at the speed of 0.5mm/s, pressing the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 into the second medium cavity 10 at the speed of 0.5mm/s, pushing the solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy slab 5 to be formed again, and continuously enabling the aluminum alloy slab 5 to be formed to flow into the upper die 1 under the pressure action of the low-temperature solid particle medium;
step S7: adjusting the mold clamping force to be 2MPa, enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be molded to be completely attached to the molding groove of the upper mold 1 under the pressure action of the solid particle medium, and maintaining the pressure for 20 s;
step S8: discharging the residual cooling medium in the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10, returning the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 and the upper die 1, opening the die, and taking out the formed 5182 aluminum alloy step-shaped component.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 10, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-low temperature forming method for a 2219 aluminum alloy complex curved surface piece, wherein the thickness of an aluminum alloy slab is 1mm, the length, width and height of the manufactured aluminum alloy forming member are 388mm × 156mm × 118mm, and a large double curvature curved surface characteristic exists, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 are in an open state, and solid particle media are respectively injected into the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 until the solid particle media are full;
step S2: introducing a cooling medium into the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10 to cool the solid granular medium to-185 ℃, and preserving heat for 15min, wherein the cooling medium is liquid nitrogen;
step S3: quenching the pre-cut aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed, keeping the solid solution temperature at 525 ℃ for 30min, and then soaking the aluminum alloy plate blank into a container filled with liquid nitrogen for cooling for 30 min;
step S4: placing the quenched aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed on the top of the lower die 2, closing the upper die 1 and the lower die 2, and applying a closing force of 2.0 MPa;
step S5: when the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed reaches-180 ℃, starting a first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, pressing the first vertical hydraulic cylinder and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder into a first medium cavity 11 at the speed of 0.5mm/s, pushing a solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed, and enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed to flow into an upper die 1 under the pressure action of the solid particle medium;
step S6: starting a second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6, pressing a first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9 and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7 into a first medium cavity 11 at the speed of 0.5mm/s, pressing a second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8 and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 into a second medium cavity 10 at the speed of 0.5mm/s, pushing a solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed again, and continuously enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be formed to flow into the upper die 1 under the pressure action of the low-temperature solid particle medium;
step S7: adjusting the mold clamping force to be 4MPa, enabling the aluminum alloy plate blank 5 to be molded to be completely attached to the molding groove of the upper mold 1 under the pressure action of the solid particle medium, and maintaining the pressure for 15 s;
step S8: discharging the residual cooling medium in the first medium cavity 11 and the second medium cavity 10, returning the first vertical hydraulic cylinder 9, the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder 7, the second vertical hydraulic cylinder 8, the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder 6 and the upper die 1, opening the die, and taking out the formed 2219 aluminum alloy complex curved surface component.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-low-temperature forming method of an aluminum alloy member is based on an ultra-low-temperature forming device of the aluminum alloy member, and the ultra-low-temperature forming device of the aluminum alloy member comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy member forming die comprises an upper die (1) and a lower die (2), wherein a forming groove matched with the shape of an aluminum alloy member is formed in the upper die (1), a first medium cavity (11) and a second medium cavity (10) which are mutually independent are formed in the lower die (2), and solid particle media are filled in the first medium cavity (11) and the second medium cavity (10); the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first medium cavity (11), the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the second medium cavity (10), the first hydraulic cylinder comprises a first vertical hydraulic cylinder (9) and a first horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7), and the second hydraulic cylinder comprises a second vertical hydraulic cylinder (8) and a second horizontal hydraulic cylinder (6); the cold source is communicated with the first medium cavity (11) and the second medium cavity (10), and the ultra-low temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy member is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: the upper die (1) and the lower die (2) are in a separated state, and solid particle media are respectively injected into the first medium cavity (11) and the second medium cavity (10) until the solid particle media are full;
step S2: introducing cooling media into the first medium cavity (11) and the second medium cavity (10), cooling the solid particle media to a temperature range of-190 to-180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min;
step S3: placing a pre-cut aluminum alloy plate blank (5) to be formed on the top of the lower die (2), pushing the upper die (1) to move downwards, and applying pressure of 0.5-2.0MPa to the lower die (2) to enable the upper die (1) and the lower die (2) to be matched;
step S4: when the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy slab (5) to be formed reaches the temperature range of-190 to-160 ℃, starting the first vertical hydraulic cylinder (9) and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7), pressing the first medium cavity (11) at the speed of 0.5-2mm/s, pushing the solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy slab (5) to be formed, and enabling the aluminum alloy slab (5) to be formed to flow into the upper die (1) under the pressure action of the solid particle medium;
step S5: starting the second vertical hydraulic cylinder (8) and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder (6), pressing the first vertical hydraulic cylinder (9) and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7) into the first medium cavity (11) at a speed of 0.5-2mm/s, pressing the second vertical hydraulic cylinder (8) and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder (6) into the second medium cavity (10) at a speed of 0.5-2mm/s, pushing the solid particle medium to pressurize the aluminum alloy slab (5) to be formed again, and continuously enabling the aluminum alloy slab (5) to be formed to flow into the upper die (1) under the pressure action of the low-temperature solid particle medium;
step S6: continuously applying 2-10MPa pressure to the lower die (2) to enable the aluminum alloy plate blank (5) to be formed to be completely attached to the forming groove of the upper die (1) under the pressure action of the solid particle medium, and maintaining the pressure for 3-30 s;
step S7: discharging residual cooling media in the first medium cavity (11) and the second medium cavity (10), returning the first vertical hydraulic cylinder (9), the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7), the second vertical hydraulic cylinder (8), the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder (6) and the upper die (1), opening the die, taking out the formed aluminum alloy component,
the forming groove of the formed aluminum alloy component is of a step-shaped structure, and the volume of the forming groove, the first vertical hydraulic cylinder (9), the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7), the second vertical hydraulic cylinder (8) and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder (6) meet the following calculation formula:
L1=K1（∆V/S）,L2=K2（V-∆V）/2S，
wherein L1 is the sum of the moving distance of the first vertical hydraulic cylinder (9) and the moving distance of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7) in step S4; l2 is the sum of the moving distance of the first vertical hydraulic cylinder (9) and the moving distance of the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7) in step S5, or the sum of the moving distance of the second vertical hydraulic cylinder (8) and the moving distance of the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder (6) in step S5; v is the volume of the forming groove, Δ V is the volume difference of the stepped envelope, S is the cross-sectional area of the medium cavity, K1 and K2 are constants, the value range of K1 is 1.2-1.5, and the value range of K2 is 0.8-1.2.
2. The ultra-low temperature forming method of an aluminum alloy member according to claim 1, comprising:
the aluminum alloy member forming die comprises an upper die (1) and a lower die (2), wherein a forming groove matched with the shape of an aluminum alloy member is arranged in the upper die (1), a first medium cavity (11) and a second medium cavity (10) which are mutually independent are arranged in the lower die (2), and solid particle media are filled in the first medium cavity (11) and the second medium cavity (10);
the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first medium cavity (11), and the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the second medium cavity (10); and
a cold source, which is in communication with the first medium chamber (11) and the second medium chamber (10).
3. The ultra-low temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy member according to claim 2, wherein the first vertical hydraulic cylinder (9) communicates with the first medium chamber (11) through a bottom wall of the first medium chamber (11), and the first horizontal hydraulic cylinder (7) communicates with the first medium chamber (11) through a side wall of the first medium chamber (11).
4. The ultra-low temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy member according to claim 3, wherein the second vertical hydraulic cylinder (8) is communicated with the second medium chamber (10) through a bottom wall of the second medium chamber (10), and the second horizontal hydraulic cylinder (6) is communicated with the second medium chamber (10) through a side wall of the second medium chamber (10).
5. The ultra-low temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy member according to claim 2, wherein the solid particulate medium comprises at least one of stainless steel beads, silica, alumina, and zirconia.
6. The ultra-low temperature forming method for the aluminum alloy components is characterized in that the matched end surfaces of the upper die (1) and the lower die (2) are provided with micropores, and temperature sensors are arranged in the micropores and used for detecting the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy plate blank (5) to be formed.
7. The ultra-low temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy member according to claim 2, wherein the cold source comprises a liquid nitrogen tank (12) and a cryogenic pipeline (14) which are connected with each other, and the cryogenic pipeline (14) is communicated with the first medium cavity (11) and the second medium cavity (10).
8. The ultra-low temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy member according to claim 7, wherein a heat insulating layer is provided on the inner wall of the lower mold (2).
9. The ultra-low temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy member as recited in claim 8, wherein a displacement sensor is disposed in the forming groove, and the displacement sensor is used for detecting a distance between the aluminum alloy member and a groove wall of the forming groove.
10. The ultra-low temperature forming method of the aluminum alloy member as recited in claim 2, characterized in that a pressure-proof plate is arranged at the contact position of the lower die (2) and the aluminum alloy slab (5) to be formed.
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