CN112136685A - Rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization, and relates to the field of agriculture. A rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps: collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper; preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination; the preserved pollen is treated by cold plasma before recovery. By collecting and preserving the pollen, the invention can solve the problems of flowering asynchronism and pollination in different places, and further can avoid the problems caused by the need of controlling the flowering phase and pollination in different places. Therefore, the flowering asynchronism does not need to be considered, the problem of difficulty in pollination in different places is avoided, and the efficiency of hybrid seed selection is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization.
Background
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Mansfeld) is a plant of the genus Citrullus of the family Cucurbitaceae, a widely cultivated horticultural worldwide crop. One of the favorite melons and fruits is a watermelon in summer, the pulp is sweet, and the watermelon can cool and remove summer heat; the seeds contain oil and can be used as recreation food; the pericarp is used as medicine, and has the effects of clearing heat, promoting urination and reducing blood pressure. Watermelon is a very hot fruit in summer, the current watermelon planting modes are various, and the watermelon can be easily produced with high yield through careful management.
The breeding of the watermelon mainly comprises the hybridization and seed selection of the watermelon. The most common method for cross-breeding watermelon is the "pedigree method", that is, the multi-generation single plant selection method. The cultivation process comprises the following steps: firstly, breeding a first generation hybrid of homozygous male parent and homozygous female parent after hybridization, carrying out gene separation and selection for more than six generations, carrying out continuous several generations of selfing selection on some target characters with high hereditary capacity until the characters are homozygous and are not separated, achieving gene homozygous, then selecting a selfing line with high character homozygous, and finally carrying out hybridization by using two selfing lines to prepare a first generation hybrid watermelon new variety. The method has the record of the number and the characters of the hybrid combination, the single plant, the system group and the like from the hybrid species of the past generations according to the genetic relationship, and has the advantages of long generation selection, slow breeding progress and large workload.
However, in the actual operation process, the limitation of manpower and land conditions is often imposed. Delays the breeding of the watermelon to a certain extent, and is not beneficial to cultivating a new watermelon variety with obvious specificity and outstanding innovation.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization, which solves at least one technical problem provided by the background technology.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by cold plasma before recovery.
Preferably, the cold plasma treatment is carried out for 10-15 s by 60-100W non-ionizing radiation.
Preferably, the pollen is wrapped by cotton fiber paper;
transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C.
Preferably, the relative humidity of pollen is 20% before the ultra-low temperature preservation.
Preferably, the activating agent is sprayed on the surface of the pollen at normal temperature in an atomizing mode;
the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 8-10g of sucrose, 2-4mg of boric acid, 0.1-0.15mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 4-6mg of calcium chloride, 5-10mg of manganese sulfate, 0.01-0.03mg of gibberellin, 0.1-0.2mg of proline and 0.1-0.2mg of tyrosine.
Preferably, the spraying time of the atomization mode is 20-30 min.
Preferably, the pollen preserved at low temperature is taken out and placed at room temperature for 4 hours, and then is sprayed in an atomizing mode.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
this application is through collecting the deposit to pollen, and then can solve the problem of flowering asynchronism and allopatric pollination, and then can avoid because need control flowering phase and some problems that the allopatric pollination brought. The pollen is preserved in a freezing preservation mode, cold plasma treatment is adopted before pollination, the recovery of the pollen can be accelerated, the activity of the pollen is activated at the same time, the activity of the pollen is obviously improved, the success of artificial pollination in a hybridization process is improved, and the speed of hybridization selection is greatly improved.
By the pollen preservation and revival method, the vitality of the preserved pollen can be greatly improved, so that the instant inoculation is really realized, when the backcross is needed, the preserved pollen is directly adopted without waiting for planting and collecting the pollen, and the period of cross breeding is greatly shortened.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by cold plasma before recovery.
According to the embodiment of the invention, by collecting and preserving the pollen, the problems of flowering asynchronism and allopatric pollination can be solved, and the problems caused by the need of flowering phase control and allopatric pollination can be avoided. Therefore, the flowering asynchronism does not need to be considered, the problem of difficulty in pollination in different places is avoided, and the efficiency of hybrid seed selection is greatly improved.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention is preserved in a freezing preservation mode, and cold plasma treatment is adopted before pollination, so that on one hand, the recovery of pollen can be accelerated, on the other hand, the activity of the pollen can be activated, the activity of the pollen is further obviously improved, the success rate of artificial pollination in the hybridization process is improved, and the speed of hybridization selection is greatly improved.
By the pollen preservation and revival method, the vitality of the preserved pollen can be greatly improved, so that the instant inoculation is really realized, when the backcross is needed, the preserved pollen is directly adopted without waiting for planting and collecting the pollen, and the period of cross breeding is greatly shortened.
In one embodiment, the cold plasma treatment is performed with 60-100W of non-ionizing radiation for 10-15 s. The pollen treated by the parameters has the highest activity.
In one embodiment, the pollen is wrapped by cotton fiber paper;
transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C. The pollen activity is ensured by ultra-low temperature preservation.
Preferably, the relative humidity of pollen is 20% before the ultra-low temperature preservation. The pollen is dried and dehydrated or added with a cryoprotectant before being frozen and stored, so that intracellular crystallization can be reduced, and the activity after freezing is improved.
Preferably, the activating agent is sprayed on the surface of the pollen at normal temperature in an atomizing mode;
the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 8-10g of sucrose, 2-4mg of boric acid, 0.1-0.15mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 4-6mg of calcium chloride, 5-10mg of manganese sulfate, 0.01-0.03mg of gibberellin, 0.1-0.2mg of proline and 0.1-0.2mg of tyrosine. The activating agent is sprayed on the pollen in an atomizing mode, so that the space where the pollen is located is full of the atomized activating agent, the absorption of the pollen to components and water in the activating agent can be greatly improved, the recovery of the pollen is greatly accelerated, and the vitality of the recovered pollen is improved. Gibberellin, proline and tyrosine are added into the activator, so that the activity of the pollen can be obviously improved.
Preferably, the spraying time of the atomization mode is 20-30 min.
Preferably, the pollen preserved at low temperature is taken out and placed at room temperature for 4 hours, and then is sprayed in an atomizing mode.
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments:
example 1:
a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; wrapping pollen with cotton fiber paper; transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; before ultralow-temperature preservation, pollen is subjected to the treatment of keeping the relative humidity of 20%;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by adopting cold plasma before recovery, and the cold plasma is treated by 60W non-ionizing radiation for 15 s;
firstly, taking out the pollen preserved at low temperature, placing the pollen at room temperature for 4 hours, and spraying the pollen in an atomizing mode; spraying an activating agent on the surface of the pollen at normal temperature in an atomizing mode; the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 8g of sucrose, 4mg of boric acid, 0.1mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 6mg of calcium chloride, 5mg of manganese sulfate, 0.01mg of gibberellin, 0.2mg of proline and 0.1mg of tyrosine; the spraying time of the atomization mode is 30 min.
Example 2
A rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; wrapping pollen with cotton fiber paper; transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; before ultralow-temperature preservation, pollen is subjected to the treatment of keeping the relative humidity of 20%;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by adopting cold plasma before recovery, and the cold plasma is treated by 100W non-ionizing radiation for 10 s;
firstly, taking out the pollen preserved at low temperature, placing the pollen at room temperature for 4 hours, and spraying the pollen in an atomizing mode; spraying an activating agent on the surface of the pollen at normal temperature in an atomizing mode; the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 10g of sucrose, 2mg of boric acid, 0.15mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 4mg of calcium chloride, 10mg of manganese sulfate, 0.03mg of gibberellin, 0.1mg of proline and 0.2mg of tyrosine; the spraying time of the atomization mode is 20 min.
Example 3:
a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; wrapping pollen with cotton fiber paper; transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; before ultralow-temperature preservation, pollen is subjected to the treatment of keeping the relative humidity of 20%;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by adopting cold plasma before recovery, and the cold plasma is treated by 60W non-ionizing radiation for 15 s;
firstly, taking out the pollen preserved at low temperature, placing the pollen at room temperature for 4 hours, and spraying the pollen in an atomizing mode; spraying an activating agent on the surface of the pollen at normal temperature in an atomizing mode; the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 9g of sucrose, 3mg of boric acid, 0.12mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 5mg of calcium chloride, 7mg of manganese sulfate, 0.02mg of gibberellin, 0.15mg of proline and 0.15mg of tyrosine; the spraying time of the atomization mode is 25 min.
Example 4:
a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; wrapping pollen with cotton fiber paper; transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; before ultralow-temperature preservation, pollen is subjected to the treatment of keeping the relative humidity of 20%;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the revived pollen are selected for artificial pollination. The recovery is realized by taking out the pollen preserved at low temperature and placing the pollen at room temperature for 4 hours.
Example 5:
a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; wrapping pollen with cotton fiber paper; transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; before ultralow-temperature preservation, pollen is subjected to the treatment of keeping the relative humidity of 20%;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated with cold plasma before reviving, and the cold plasma treatment is carried out for 12s with 80W non-ionizing radiation.
Example 6:
a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; wrapping pollen with cotton fiber paper; transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; before ultralow-temperature preservation, pollen is subjected to the treatment of keeping the relative humidity of 20%;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by cold plasma before recovery, and the cold plasma treatment is carried out for 12s by 80W non-ionizing radiation;
firstly, taking out the pollen preserved at low temperature, placing the pollen at room temperature for 4 hours, and spraying the pollen in an atomizing mode; spraying an activating agent on the surface of the pollen at normal temperature in an atomizing mode; the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 9g of sucrose, 3mg of boric acid, 0.12mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 5mg of calcium chloride, 7mg of manganese sulfate, 0.02mg of gibberellin, 0.15mg of proline and 0.15mg of tyrosine; the spraying time of the atomization mode is 25 min.
Example 7:
a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; wrapping pollen with cotton fiber paper; transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; before ultralow-temperature preservation, pollen is subjected to the treatment of keeping the relative humidity of 20%;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by cold plasma before recovery, and the cold plasma treatment is carried out for 12s by 80W non-ionizing radiation;
firstly, taking out the pollen preserved at low temperature, placing the pollen at room temperature for 4 hours, and spraying the pollen in an atomizing mode; in that
Spraying an activating agent on the surface of the pollen at normal temperature in an atomizing mode; the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 9g of sucrose, 3mg of boric acid, 0.12mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 5mg of calcium chloride, 7mg of manganese sulfate and 0.32mg of gibberellin; the spraying time of the atomization mode is 25 min.
Example 8:
a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; wrapping pollen with cotton fiber paper; transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; before ultralow-temperature preservation, pollen is subjected to the treatment of keeping the relative humidity of 20%;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by cold plasma before recovery, and the cold plasma treatment is carried out for 12s by 80W non-ionizing radiation;
firstly, taking out the pollen preserved at low temperature, placing the pollen at room temperature for 4 hours, and spraying the pollen in an atomizing mode; in that
Spraying an activating agent on the surface of the pollen at normal temperature in an atomizing mode; the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 9g of sucrose, 3mg of boric acid, 0.12mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 5mg of calcium chloride, 7mg of manganese sulfate, 0.16mg of proline and 0.16mg of tyrosine; the spraying time of the atomization mode is 25 min.
Example 9:
a rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization comprises the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature; wrapping pollen with cotton fiber paper; transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; before ultralow-temperature preservation, pollen is subjected to the treatment of keeping the relative humidity of 20%;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by cold plasma before recovery, and the cold plasma treatment is carried out for 12s by 80W non-ionizing radiation;
firstly, taking out the pollen preserved at low temperature, placing the pollen at room temperature for 4 hours, and spraying the pollen in an atomizing mode; spraying an activating agent on the surface of the pollen at normal temperature in an atomizing mode; the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 9g of sucrose, 3mg of boric acid, 0.12mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 5mg of calcium chloride, 7mg of manganese sulfate and 0.02mg of gibberellin; the spraying time of the atomization mode is 25 min.
The detection results of the pollen viability at certain time intervals under the condition of in vitro germination of the preserved and revived pollen of the above examples 1-9 are shown in table 1, and the specific determination method refers to Chinese patent CN 104178448A;
based on the above measurement results, the vitality of the preserved and recovered pollen in the embodiment 6 of the present application is obviously higher than that of the other embodiments, and the vitality of the preserved and recovered pollen in the embodiment 4 is the lowest, while the embodiment 5 is also lower, so that the present application can significantly improve the vitality of the preserved and recovered pollen by spraying the activating agent in the cold plasma treatment and atomization modes, and further has a great promotion effect on the hybrid seed selection process of watermelon.
Further, based on examples 6 to 8, it can be seen that the promotion of pollen activity is significantly reduced in example 7, in which 0.32mg of gibberellin is added, and proline and tyrosine are not added, as compared with example 6; in example 8, the promotion of pollen viability was significantly reduced compared to example 6, in which only proline and tyrosine were added and gibberellin was not added. Further, in example 9, 0.02mg of gibberellin was added, and proline and tyrosine were not added, so that the promotion of pollen viability was significantly reduced compared to example 6, but pollen viability was slightly higher than that of example 7. The method can be known that the activity of the pollen can be obviously improved by simultaneously adding gibberellin, proline and tyrosine.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting the male buds which are opened the next day, and wrapping the pollen with paper;
preserving the collected pollen at ultralow temperature;
in the hybridization process, the ripe watermelon with pistil and the resurgent pollen are selected for artificial pollination;
the preserved pollen is treated by cold plasma before recovery.
2. The method for rapid seed selection for watermelon hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the cold plasma treatment is carried out for 10-15 s with 60-100W non-ionizing radiation.
3. The rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the pollen is wrapped by cotton fiber paper;
transferring pollen wrapped by cotton fiber paper into a freezing storage tube, vacuumizing, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C.
4. The method for rapid selection of hybrid watermelon according to claim 1 wherein the relative humidity of pollen is controlled to 20% before cryopreservation.
5. The rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the activating agent is sprayed on the surface of pollen by atomization at room temperature;
the activating agent is: distilled water is used as a solvent, and each 1L of the solvent contains 8-10g of sucrose, 2-4mg of boric acid, 0.1-0.15mg of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 4-6mg of calcium chloride, 5-10mg of manganese sulfate, 0.01-0.03mg of gibberellin, 0.1-0.2mg of proline and 0.1-0.2mg of tyrosine.
6. The rapid seed selection method for watermelon hybridization according to claim 5, wherein the spraying time of the atomization mode is 20-30 min.
7. The method for rapid selection of hybrid watermelon according to claim 5, wherein the low-temperature preserved pollen is taken out and placed at room temperature for 4 hours, and then atomized and sprayed.
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