CN112131989A - Millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter obtaining method based on space rainfall data - Google Patents

Millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter obtaining method based on space rainfall data Download PDF

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CN112131989A
CN112131989A CN202010964548.3A CN202010964548A CN112131989A CN 112131989 A CN112131989 A CN 112131989A CN 202010964548 A CN202010964548 A CN 202010964548A CN 112131989 A CN112131989 A CN 112131989A
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郑鑫
杨涛
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Abstract

The invention discloses a millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter obtaining method based on space rainfall data, which comprises the following steps of obtaining the corrected value of the attenuation value of each link signal in a millimeter wave networkA C (ii) a Secondly, acquiring theoretical line average rainfall data of each link by using spatial grid rainfall dataR i (ii) a Step three, uniformly and synchronously extracting 75% of time period data according to each rainfall field to form a calibration data set, and combining the rest data into a verification data set; and fourthly, establishing a data-driven inversion model of the millimeter wave link. Fifthly, utilizing the calibration data set to calibrate or train the data-driven inversion model constructed in the fifth step; sixth aspect of the inventionStep (d), verifying the accuracy of the validated model using the verification dataset. The method effectively solves the problem that the data set is obtained by the data-driven millimeter wave rain measurement inversion model, improves the reliability of the training data set, and can meet the requirement of constructing the complex millimeter wave rain measurement network data-driven inversion model.

Description

Millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter obtaining method based on space rainfall data
Technical Field
The invention relates to a millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter acquisition method based on space rainfall data, and belongs to the technical field of meteorological element monitoring.
Background
The inversion model driven by data is a key means for improving the accuracy of the millimeter wave network rain measurement in a complex environment. However, the existing historical rainfall data and the millimeter wave link have the problem of mismatch of spatial scales. Taking a rainfall station as an example, rainfall data of the rainfall station is in a form of point data, rainfall provided by the millimeter wave link is in a linear average form, and the rainfall data and the millimeter wave link have difference in spatial scale, so that even if the rainfall station is installed right below the link, the link monitoring area is larger than that of the rainfall station, and the rainfall station data cannot be completely matched with the spatial scale of the millimeter wave attenuation data; spatial grid rainfall data in the form of radar, satellite, INCA and the like can provide regional rainfall spatial distribution, however, matching grid data with spatial features with millimeter wave data is a pending problem, and the problem of scale difference causes that historical data used for constructing data-driven model parameters in the prior art is not reasonable. On the other hand, because the millimeter wave rain measuring network is seriously influenced by the surrounding meteorological environment, and the number of the historical data matched with the millimeter wave rain measuring network is limited, how to divide the historical data set into a calibration data set and a verification data set under the condition of less data and enable the calibration data set and the verification data set to contain attenuation data under more environmental conditions can be realized, so that the data set is more representative, the key problem of obtaining reasonable parameters and ensuring the model effect can be realized, the data volume can be reduced, and the memory and the calculated amount can be saved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter acquisition method based on spatial rainfall data, provides a rainfall data spatial scale conversion method suitable for a millimeter wave link, effectively solves the problem that a data-driven millimeter wave rain measurement inversion model acquires a data set, improves the reliability of a training data set, and simultaneously provides a data set construction method for calibration and verification of model parameters, so that more reasonable model parameters can be acquired under the condition that the amount of historical data is as small as possible.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter acquisition method based on space rainfall data, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining attenuation values A of signals of each link in a millimeter wave network, and carrying out missing value interpolation and singular value correction preprocessing on the attenuation values A;
secondly, further correcting the attenuation value A of each link, removing the attenuation caused by the environmental noise and obtaining a corrected signal AC
Thirdly, theoretical line average rainfall data of each link is obtained by utilizing spatial grid rainfall data, and for the ith link, the condition that the link passes through a grid rainfall data monitoring area is counted, wherein the condition comprises the length l that the ith millimeter wave link passes through the jth gridijAnd rainfall data r of the gridjMean rainfall data R of theoretical line of the linkiThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002681763730000021
wherein, biIs the power law value of the ith link, LiThe total length of the ith link is, and n is the total number of grids crossed by the ith link;
and fourthly, uniformly and synchronously extracting 75% of time period data from the historical attenuation data obtained in the second step and the historical rainfall data set obtained in the third step according to each rainfall field to form a rating data set, and combining the rest data into a verification data set.
Fifthly, establishing a data-driven inversion model of the millimeter wave link;
and sixthly, utilizing the calibration data set divided in the fourth step to calibrate or train the data-driven inversion model constructed in the fifth step, wherein the used data also comprises the self attributes of each link of the millimeter wave network, such as frequency, length, polarization mode and the like.
And seventhly, verifying the accuracy of the model confirmed in the sixth step by using the verification data set divided in the fourth step, receiving the model if the model accuracy meets the user requirement, and readjusting the parameter range to perform the sixth step again or expanding the data time length if the model accuracy does not meet the user requirement, and returning to the beginning of the first step.
Preferably, in the fifth step, a BP neural network is selected as a data-driven inversion model.
In the invention, the millimeter wave rainfall inversion model for the ith link can also be
Figure BDA0002681763730000022
Wherein R isiThe rainfall intensity of the ith link; si、di、mi、ci、τiFor the ith link model parameter, si、diDepending on the link frequency, polarization, mi、ciRelated to regional environment, tau is a sliding window parameter; a'CCorrecting the ith link obtained in the fourth step by resampling to obtain a basic attenuation amount; l isiIs the ith link length. For each parameter, measuring attenuation value A 'according to history'CAnd constructing a historical data set by historical rainfall data R of the rainfall station in the same period, and determining model parameters s, d, m, c and tau of each link in the fifth step in a parameter calibration mode. The influence of regional environment elements on millimeter wave attenuation is considered in the model structure, corresponding inversion models can be provided for different regions and different link attributes, the requirement of millimeter wave rainfall inversion under a complex scene can be met, and the model structure has stronger applicability compared with other technologies.
Has the advantages that: according to the millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter acquisition method based on spatial rainfall data, the grid rainfall data with spatial information can be subjected to scale conversion to obtain millimeter wave link theoretical rainfall data in a line average form, the problem that a data set is acquired by a data-driven millimeter wave rain measurement inversion model is effectively solved, the reliability of a training data set is improved, and the requirement of constructing the complex millimeter wave rain measurement network data-driven inversion model can be met; the method for uniformly and synchronously extracting the data according to the rainfall fields provided by the invention is an optimal division mode suitable for the historical data set of the millimeter wave network according to the characteristics of the millimeter wave attenuation data, ensures the representativeness of the data set to the greatest extent, improves the representativeness of the training data set, can reduce the data volume, and saves the memory and the calculated amount.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of millimeter wave links traversing spatial grid data in the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the effect of the data set partitioning method in the present invention on the representative retention of the data set (only the rainfall period is listed, and 6 rainfall events are selected, and each box represents one rainfall event).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter obtaining method based on spatial rainfall data includes the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining signal strength TSL of a signal transmitting end of each link and signal strength RSL of a receiving end in a millimeter wave network, subtracting the signal strength RSL of the receiving end from the signal strength TSL of the transmitting end of each link to obtain a signal attenuation value A, preprocessing data, interpolating lost signal strength, removing singular values and interpolating;
secondly, judging the dry period and the wet period by using the sliding standard deviation of the attenuation A, wherein the size of a sliding window is consistent with the required rainfall data time; determining a base attenuation value A using the dry and wet period resultsBLTaking the average value of the data of the first 24-hour dry period of the basic attenuation; the effect of the wet antenna is corrected to a correction value of 0.2dBm to obtain a corrected attenuation value AC=A-ABL-0.2;
Thirdly, acquiring theoretical line average rainfall data R by using regional radar rainfall dataiCounting the condition that each millimeter wave link passes through the radar monitoring area, wherein the condition comprises the length l that the ith millimeter wave link passes through the jth radar pixelijAnd the pixel radar data rjThe link theoretical line average rainfall data calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002681763730000031
wherein, biIs the power law value of the ith link, LiThe total length of the ith link is shown, and n is the number of radar pixels crossed by the ith link;
and fourthly, uniformly and synchronously extracting 75% of time period data from the historical attenuation data obtained in the second step and the historical rainfall data set obtained in the third step according to the rainfall times to form a calibration data set, and combining the rest data into a verification data set.
And fifthly, selecting the BP neural network as a data-driven inversion model.
And sixthly, training the BP neural network constructed in the fifth step by using the calibration data set divided in the fourth step and the frequency, length and polarization mode of each link of the millimeter wave network, wherein the structural expression of each layer of neural network is as follows:
Figure BDA0002681763730000041
wherein x isiRepresenting the input items of attenuation, link frequency, length, polarization mode and the like after correction; m is the total number of the neural nodes; θ is the connection weight of the ith input; f is an excitation function, optionally a Sigmoid function; b is a correction term; h is the output;
preprocessing training data, including unified conversion of training sample size and magnitude; assuming that the number of the hidden layer nodes is 4-10, and comparing the convergence conditions of the models of the nodes with the corresponding number; setting learning efficiency and training times, wherein the learning efficiency is set to be 0.2, and the maximum training time is set to be 1000000; the calculated expected error is set to 0.1.
And seventhly, verifying the accuracy of the BP neural network trained in the sixth step by using the verification data set divided in the fourth step, receiving the model if the model accuracy meets the user requirement, and readjusting the number of nodes and the learning efficiency to perform the sixth step again or expanding the data time length if the model accuracy does not meet the user requirement, and returning to the first step to start.
In the invention, the model of the fifth step is obtained through the sixth step and training, and in practice, the attenuation value A is only needed to be correctedCMillipore and riceThe average rainfall data R can be obtained according to the self attributes of the wave network such as the frequency, the length, the polarization mode and the like of each link. According to the millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter acquisition method for the spatial rainfall data, provided by the invention, the grid rainfall data with spatial information can be subjected to scale conversion to obtain millimeter wave link theoretical rainfall data in a line average form, the problem that a data set is acquired by a data-driven millimeter wave rain measurement inversion model is effectively solved, the reliability of a training data set is improved, and the requirement for constructing the complex millimeter wave rain measurement network data-driven inversion model can be met. The millimeter wave attenuation caused by environmental elements has locality, namely the millimeter wave attenuation can be regarded as the same ambient environment in a short time, and for different rainfall fields, due to the fact that the rainfall environment and the rainfall type are different, the fields have great difference, and a better model can be trained by using attenuation data under more environmental conditions; on the other hand, the relationship between rainfall and attenuation is in one-to-one correspondence, and only the correspondence is considered in inversion, but the sequencing relationship is not considered. Therefore, the uniform extraction of the data set according to each rainfall field is the best mode for ensuring that the data set still has the corresponding relation of the original data set after extraction by the millimeter wave rain measurement technology. According to the method, the representativeness of the data set is ensured to the greatest extent according to the dividing mode of the historical data set provided by the data characteristics of rainfall data, the representativeness of the training data set is improved, the data volume can be reduced, and the memory and the calculated amount are saved.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter obtaining method based on space rainfall data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining attenuation values A of signals of each link in a millimeter wave network, and carrying out missing value interpolation and singular value correction preprocessing on the attenuation values A;
secondly, further correcting the attenuation value A of each link, removing the attenuation caused by the environmental noise and obtaining a corrected signal ACAs a historical millimeter wave link attenuation data set;
thirdly, theoretical line rainfall data of each link is obtained by utilizing spatial grid rainfall data, and for the ith link, the condition that the link passes through a grid rainfall data monitoring area is counted, wherein the condition comprises the length l that the ith millimeter wave link passes through the jth gridijAnd rainfall data r of the gridjThe link theoretical line rainfall data RiThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002681763720000011
wherein, biIs the power law value of the ith link, LiThe total length of the ith link is, and n is the total number of grids crossed by the ith link;
step four, uniformly and synchronously extracting 75% of time period data from the historical millimeter wave link attenuation data set obtained in the step two and the historical rainfall data set obtained in the step three according to each rainfall field to form a calibration data set, and combining the rest data into a verification data set;
fifthly, establishing a data-driven inversion model of the millimeter wave link;
sixthly, calibrating or training the data-driven inversion model constructed in the fifth step by using the calibration data set divided in the fourth step, wherein the used data further comprises the frequency, the length and the polarization mode of each link of the millimeter wave network;
and seventhly, verifying the accuracy of the model confirmed in the sixth step by using the verification data set divided in the fourth step, receiving the model if the model accuracy meets the user requirement, and readjusting the parameter range to perform the sixth step again or expanding the data time length if the model accuracy does not meet the user requirement, and returning to the beginning of the first step.
2. The millimeter wave rain measurement model parameter acquisition method based on spatial rainfall data according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, a BP neural network is selected as a data-driven inversion model, and the structural expression of each layer of neural network is as follows:
Figure FDA0002681763720000012
wherein x isiRepresenting the input items of attenuation, link frequency, length, polarization mode and the like after correction; m is the total number of the neural nodes; θ is the connection weight of the ith input; f is an excitation function which is a Sigmoid function; b is a correction term; h is the output.
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