CN112130772A - Block chain safe storage method based on sparse random erasure code technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a block chain safe storage method based on a sparse random erasure code technology, which overcomes the defect that each node in a block chain system adopts a copy full-redundancy storage mechanism compared with the prior art. The invention comprises the following steps: acquiring and preprocessing original data; generating a new node; the addition of a new node in the blockchain. The lightweight nodes in the node group do not store complete block data any more, only store coding blocks processed by sparse random erasure codes, and the specific content of storage is determined by a storage strategy; when the complete block data can be recovered through the nodes in the block, the node group is allowed to join the block chain network, so that the block chain system has complete functions, the safety is ensured, and the storage overhead is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a block chain safe storage method based on a sparse random erasure code technology.
Background
The blockchain technology can be regarded as a decentralized distributed ledger from the storage point of view. In the blockchain, a block is a carrier for storing transaction summary information, and is also a structural unit for storing data in the blockchain. Each block comprises a block head and a block body, wherein information in the block head is used for identifying the block, an information abstract of a previous block, the position of the block in the whole account book and the like; the zone block is mainly used for storing transaction summary information and MerkleTree used for verifying transaction information and ensuring that the transaction is not falsifiable.
However, block-chain techniques also have deficiencies. Because all nodes of the blockchain system adopt copy full-redundancy storage, each complete node in the blockchain system can independently verify each piece of information, obtain a result and achieve consensus, and meanwhile, a relatively serious storage burden is brought.
The coding parameters of the sparse erasure code are not limited by prime numbers or the size of a limited domain, can be flexibly set, and has higher disaster recovery and expansion performance; the equal-row-weight sparse random matrix is adopted as the check matrix, so that the calculation efficiency is higher; approximate MDS property can be achieved under the condition of a larger code length, and therefore the storage space utilization rate is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defect that each node in a blockchain system adopts a copy full-redundancy storage mechanism in the prior art, and provides a blockchain safe storage method based on a sparse random erasure code technology to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a block chain safe storage method based on a sparse random erasure code technology comprises the following steps:
11) acquisition and preprocessing of raw data: acquiring original data, and carrying out fragment hash processing on the original data to acquire a hash value and position information of physical storage;
12) and (3) generation of a new node: the processed original data is recorded in a block chain in a transaction form according to the hash value and the physically stored position information to become a new node;
13) addition of new nodes in the blockchain: and determining the type of the node according to the storage capacity of the node to determine the adding mode of the new node in the block chain, and adding the new node into the block chain to complete the safe storage of the data of the block chain.
The adding of the new node in the blockchain comprises the following steps:
21) determining the node type according to the storage capacity of the new node, and if the node can store complete block data and has the capacity of independently participating in the block chain transaction, determining the node as a complete node; if the node can only store partial block data, the data needs to be synchronized from other nodes, and the complete block data is decoded and reconstructed, the node is determined to be a lightweight node;
22) if the new node is a complete node, the new node is directly added into the block chain;
23) and if the new node is a lightweight node, adding the lightweight node based on the sparse random erasure code technology.
The adding processing of the lightweight nodes based on the sparse random erasure code technology comprises the following steps:
31) defining a node group to be composed of lightweight nodes, and setting that the node group is allowed to be added into a block chain network when the complete block data can be recovered through nodes in the group;
32) the new node is added to the node group,
if the node is the first node added into the node group, the system encodes the existing block data into a plurality of coding blocks by using an erasure code technology, and the node stores one segment of the coding blocks according to a storage strategy and records storage control information;
otherwise, the system updates the block chain data, encodes the newly generated block into a plurality of coding blocks by using sparse random erasure codes, adds the coding blocks into the original coding blocks, and the node reserves the corresponding coding blocks according to a storage strategy;
the nodes added into the node group reserve part of new coding blocks on the basis of reserving the original coding blocks and record storage control information;
33) judging whether the node group can recover complete block data or not;
if not, turning to step 32) to continue processing;
otherwise, the node group is built, and the node group is added into the block chain network.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the block chain safe storage method based on the sparse random erasure code technology has the advantages that the lightweight nodes in the node group do not store complete block data any more, only the coding blocks processed by the sparse random erasure code are stored, and the specific content of the storage is determined by a storage strategy; when the complete block data can be recovered through the nodes in the block, the node group is allowed to join the block chain network, so that the block chain system has complete functions, the safety is ensured, and the storage overhead is reduced.
The invention applies the sparse random erasure code technology to the blockchain system, solves the problem of packet loss, and can obtain higher data reliability with smaller data redundancy by adopting the sparse random erasure code technology compared with the copy full-redundancy storage in the blockchain system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts sparse random erasure code technology to encode block data into a plurality of coding blocks in a blocking way, and the lightweight nodes in a block chain system only reserve part of the coding blocks, thereby reducing the storage burden of the nodes;
2. based on the fault-tolerant capability of the sparse random erasure codes, under the condition that partial nodes in a block chain system fail, any node can recover complete block data through other nodes in the group by using the communication mode of the block chain network P2P.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of storage control information according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the algorithm of the present invention.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood and readily understood, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings, wherein:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the block chain secure storage method based on the sparse random erasure code technique according to the present invention includes the following steps:
the first step, the acquisition and pretreatment of raw data: and acquiring original data, carrying out fragment hash processing on the original data, and acquiring a hash value and position information of physical storage.
And step two, generating a new node: the processed original data is recorded in a block chain in a transaction form according to the hash value and the physically stored position information to become a new node.
And thirdly, adding a new node in the block chain.
And determining the type of the node according to the storage capacity of the node to determine the adding mode of the new node in the block chain, and adding the new node into the block chain to complete the safe storage of the data of the block chain. The nodes in the blockchain system are divided into complete nodes and lightweight nodes according to the storage capacity of the nodes, and the nodes in the blockchain system can effectively reduce the storage redundancy caused by a copy full-redundancy storage mechanism while the nodes in the whole network have complete coding block information. The method is characterized in that lightweight nodes are added based on a sparse random erasure code technology, the fault tolerance capability of the sparse random erasure code is utilized, and under the condition that partial nodes fail, the whole network still has the capability of recovering complete block data through a P2P network of a block chain, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) determining the node type according to the storage capacity of the new node, and if the node can store complete block data and has the capacity of independently participating in the block chain transaction, determining the node as a complete node; if the node can only store partial block data, and needs to synchronize data from other nodes and decode and reconstruct complete block data, the node is determined to be a lightweight node.
The complete node has good storage capacity and performance, can store complete block data, and independently participates in the block chain transaction. The lightweight node has limited storage performance, is only used for storing partial block data, needs to synchronize data from other nodes when necessary, decodes and reconstructs complete block data, and is an object of erasure code action. The lightweight nodes have all functions of complete nodes, can also initiate transaction, verify transaction and receive blocks, and each time a new block is generated by the system, the node must receive the block, then encode the block by using an erasure code, delete part of slices and original blocks, and reserve part of slices (a p2p network can download data slices reserved by other nodes in a group to complete data recovery), so that the aim of saving storage is fulfilled.
(2) And if the new node is a complete node, directly adding the new node into the block chain.
(3) And if the new node is a lightweight node, adding the lightweight node based on the sparse random erasure code technology.
The coding parameters of the sparse erasure code are not limited by prime numbers or the size of a limited domain, can be flexibly set, and has higher disaster recovery and expansion performance; the equal-row-weight sparse random matrix is adopted as the check matrix, so that the calculation efficiency is higher; approximate MDS property can be achieved under the condition of a larger code length, and therefore the storage space utilization rate is higher.
The Reed-Solomon code (RS) based on the Cauchy matrix adopts a finite field binary matrix mode to improve the operation efficiency, directly converts multiplication into XOR logical operation and greatly reduces the operation complexity. With a time complexity of O (n)2). The cauchy matrix is described as follows:
wherein: x is the number ofiAnd yiAre all galois fields GF (2)w) Of (1). The cauchy matrix has two characteristics: firstly, any one of the sub-matrixes is a singular matrix, and an inverse matrix exists; second, the inversion operation of Cauchy matrix in Galois field can be performed in O (n)2) Is completed within the computational complexity of (1).
The erasure code coding matrix based on the Cauchy matrix is as follows:
the check matrix and the generating matrix are constructed in the following way:
inputting: code length n, information bit length k, line weight d.
And outputting the matrix H and B.
Calculating m-n-k;
constructing a binary sparse random matrix H1=Rk×mAnd making it row repeat d;
constructing a binary full-rank sparse random matrix H2=Rk×m;
And returning the check matrix H and the generating matrix B.
Here, the adding process of the lightweight node based on the sparse random erasure code technology includes the following steps:
A1) defining a node group to be composed of lightweight nodes, and setting that the node group is allowed to be added into a block chain network when the complete block data can be recovered through nodes in the group;
A2) the new node is added to the node group,
if the node is the first node added into the node group, the system encodes the existing block data into a plurality of coding blocks by using a sparse random erasure code technology, the node stores one section of the coding block according to a storage strategy and records storage control information, wherein the storage control information is used for recording the number of the node group, the state of the node group, a sparse random erasure code encoding algorithm, the fault tolerance rate of sparse random erasure codes, the number and the number of coding blocks, the number and the number of node storage coding blocks and the like. The storage control information corresponds to the node group, and specifies node group construction information such as the number of nodes in the node group, the range of specific coding blocks stored in the nodes, and the addition strategy of the nodes.
The storage control information is composed of a head and a body. The header information includes the ID and status of the node group, and the status of the node group under construction is 1, and the status is 0 after construction. At any time, only one node group with the state of 1 exists, which indicates that the node group is in the process of construction, and the newly added lightweight node is constructed in the node group. Body contains a sparse random erasure code coding algorithm for constructing the node group, fault tolerance rate, coding block number of current block data, the number of nodes capable of being accommodated, a coding block distribution method of each node and the like. When the first Node in the packet is constructed, the confirmation information of Node1 is set to 1, and the newly added Node is classified as Node 2. And setting the state value of the storage control information to be 0 until all the nodes are constructed, finishing the construction of the node group, and adding the node group into the block chain network. The storage control information schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2;
otherwise, the system updates the block chain data, encodes the newly generated block into a plurality of coding blocks by using a sparse random erasure code technology, adds the coding blocks into the original coding block, and the node reserves the corresponding coding blocks according to a storage strategy;
the nodes added into the node group reserve part of new coding blocks on the basis of reserving the original coding blocks and record storage control information;
A3) judging whether the node group can recover complete block data or not;
if not, go to step A2) to continue processing;
otherwise, the node group is built, and the node group is added into the block chain network.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A block chain secure storage method based on a sparse random erasure code technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
11) acquisition and preprocessing of raw data: acquiring original data, and carrying out fragment hash processing on the original data to acquire a hash value and position information of physical storage;
12) and (3) generation of a new node: the processed original data is recorded in a block chain in a transaction form according to the hash value and the physically stored position information to become a new node;
13) addition of new nodes in the blockchain: and determining the type of the node according to the storage capacity of the node to determine the adding mode of the new node in the block chain, and adding the new node into the block chain to complete the safe storage of the data of the block chain.
2. The method for blockchain secure storage based on sparse random erasure coding technique of claim 1, wherein the adding of the new node in the blockchain comprises the following steps:
21) determining the node type according to the storage capacity of the new node, and if the node can store complete block data and has the capacity of independently participating in the block chain transaction, determining the node as a complete node; if the node can only store partial block data, the data needs to be synchronized from other nodes, and the complete block data is decoded and reconstructed, the node is determined to be a lightweight node;
22) if the new node is a complete node, the new node is directly added into the block chain;
23) and if the new node is a lightweight node, adding the lightweight node based on the sparse random erasure code technology.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the adding process of lightweight nodes based on the sparse random erasure coding technique comprises the following steps:
31) defining a node group to be composed of lightweight nodes, and setting that the node group is allowed to be added into a block chain network when the complete block data can be recovered through nodes in the group;
32) the new node is added to the node group,
if the node is the first node added into the node group, the system encodes the existing block data into a plurality of coding blocks by using an erasure code technology, and the node stores one segment of the coding blocks according to a storage strategy and records storage control information;
otherwise, the system updates the block chain data, encodes the newly generated block into a plurality of coding blocks by using sparse random erasure codes, adds the coding blocks into the original coding blocks, and the node reserves the corresponding coding blocks according to a storage strategy;
the nodes added into the node group reserve part of new coding blocks on the basis of reserving the original coding blocks and record storage control information;
33) judging whether the node group can recover complete block data or not;
if not, turning to step 32) to continue processing;
otherwise, the node group is built, and the node group is added into the block chain network.
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CN113391946A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-14 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Coding and decoding method for erasure code in distributed storage |
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