CN112129433B - Device and method for measuring stress and strain among sand particles - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring stress and strain among sand particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN112129433B CN112129433B CN202011018592.1A CN202011018592A CN112129433B CN 112129433 B CN112129433 B CN 112129433B CN 202011018592 A CN202011018592 A CN 202011018592A CN 112129433 B CN112129433 B CN 112129433B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/18—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezo-resistive materials, i.e. materials of which the ohmic resistance varies according to changes in magnitude or direction of force applied to the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/43—Determining position using carrier phase measurements, e.g. kinematic positioning; using long or short baseline interferometry
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring stress and strain among sand particles, which comprises a protective shell with a spherical shape, wherein the protective shell is provided with a plurality of draw hooks, the inner wall of the protective shell is provided with a film-shaped central interlayer, the inner wall of the central interlayer is bonded with an inner layer, and a measurement sensing element, a signal acquisition and transmission system, a storage element, a power supply element and a data processing and analyzing element are integrated in a cavity of the protective shell. The device and the method can be used for monitoring the stress and strain in the coral sand in real time and ensuring the safety in island engineering construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deep coral sand island reef hydraulic reclamation construction detection, in particular to a device and a method for measuring stress and strain generated by interaction inside sand particles after important engineering reef sand hydraulic reclamation.
Background
The islands of south sand are far away from the mainland of China, only buildings with small scale are arranged on the islands, and the islands need to be enlarged in a short time, so that the later consolidation time of coral sand is shortened, the shapes of coral sand particles are irregular, the pore ratio of the coral sand is increased, when the island is subjected to acting force, the corners are easy to break and break, once engineering construction is carried out on the upper part of filled sand, the coral sand in the foundation is easy to break due to the increase of the gravity on the upper part, so that the foundation collapses, and the instability of engineering safety is increased, therefore, the stress and strain in the coral sand need to be monitored in real time in the engineering construction, and the safety of the engineering construction is ensured.
Meanwhile, the existing stress and strain monitoring devices are all based on particle surface layers and cannot go deep into particles to detect stress and strain generated by interaction of different particles, so that a researcher only knows mechanical property changes of external macroscopics, and the macroscopical changes caused by internal microscopical changes are difficult to explain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring stress and strain among sand particles, which can be used for monitoring the stress and strain inside coral sand in real time and ensuring the safety in island engineering construction.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a measuring device of stress, strain between sand body granule, it includes that the appearance structure is globular protecting sheathing, the protecting sheathing outside has a plurality of drag hooks of being provided with, protecting sheathing's inner wall disposes the central intermediate layer of one deck film form, the interbedded inner wall in center bonds there is the inlayer, the integrated sensing element, signal acquisition transmission system, storage element, power component, the data processing analysis element of measuring that is provided with in the protecting sheathing cavity.
The protective shell is a sphere-like shape formed by mutually splicing 12 regular pentagons and 20 regular hexagons; the first layer of the protective housing is formed by a first pentagonal housing;
the second layer is formed by five first hexagonal shells surrounding the five sides of the first pentagonal shell of the first layer, and the side length of the hexagonal shell of the second layer is equal to that of the pentagonal shell of the first layer;
the third layer is composed of five second pentagonal shells, the second pentagonal shells are positioned between the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the first hexagonal shells of the second layer, and the side length of the third layer shells is equal to that of the second layer shells;
the fourth layer is composed of five second hexagonal shells, the second hexagonal shells are positioned between the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the second pentagonal shell of the third layer, and the side length of the fourth layer is equal to that of the third layer;
the fifth layer is composed of five third hexagonal shells, the third hexagonal shells are positioned below the second pentagonal shell of the third layer and between the left lower part and the right lower part of the second hexagonal shell of the fourth layer, and the side length of the fifth layer shell is equal to that of the fourth layer shell;
the sixth layer is composed of five third pentagonal shells, the third pentagonal shells are positioned between the middle lower edge of the second hexagonal shell of the fourth layer and the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the third hexagonal shell of the fifth layer, and the side length of the sixth layer shells is equal to that of the fifth layer shells;
the seventh layer is composed of five fourth hexagonal shells, the fourth hexagonal shells are positioned at the middle lower edge of the third hexagonal shell of the fifth layer and the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the third pentagonal shell of the sixth layer, and the side length of the shells is equal to that of the shells of the sixth layer;
the eighth layer is composed of a fourth pentagonal shell, is positioned at the middle lower edge of the third pentagonal shell of the sixth layer, and the side length of the shell is equal to that of the shell of the seventh layer.
The draw hooks are positioned on each side of the first pentagonal shell and the fourth pentagonal shell of the protective shell, and ten draw hooks are arranged in total; the draw hook comprises a semi-circular arc bent rod, a straight rod is arranged at one half position of the semi-circular arc bent rod, and the straight rod and the semi-circular arc bent rod are integrally prepared from high-strength and corrosion-resistant nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy.
The protective shell is made of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with high strength and corrosion resistance, wherein the chromium content is 16-22%, and the molybdenum content is 9-18%; the connection between each individual polygonal housing is by laser welding.
The central interlayer is made of polyvinylidene fluoride material; the inner layer is made of graphene materials.
The measuring induction element is a plane piezoresistive sensitive element formed by a central interlayer and an inner layer, the central interlayer of a polyvinylidene fluoride material is tightly attached to the first layer of the inner wall of the protective shell, the inner layer of a graphene material is seamlessly connected with the inner wall of the central interlayer, the polyvinylidene fluoride material layer and the graphene material layer are selected according to the measuring precision and the stress and strain range of the measuring interaction, and the protective shell, the central interlayer and the inner layer form a sphere-like shell together.
The signal acquisition transmission system changes strain signals sensed by the measuring sensing element into circuit signals, the 32 graphene material layers are mutually connected in series to be connected into an internal circuit of the conversion element, and a weak current cable inputs and outputs voltage into the device.
The power supply element is provided by a land-based power source which is connected to a conversion element inside the device by a weak current cable.
The power supply element and the data processing and analyzing element are integrated in a protective box, the protective box is positioned on the ground, and the output element is connected with a transmission system in the measuring device through a weak current cable;
the data processing and analyzing element is internally integrated with analysis software and can receive electric signals transmitted from the inside of the measuring device and perform mechanical modeling analysis on the electric signals, so that a measuring result is obtained.
The method for detecting the deep coral sand by using the sand body inter-particle stress and strain measuring device comprises the following steps of:
step one, preparing the device for use: preparing a weak current cable with enough length, a stable power supply for long-term power supply, a standby power supply, a steel wire rope with enough length, and an operation room and a working room for placing the onshore integrated device at the construction preparation building material stage;
secondly, performing combined measurement work of the hydraulic filling engineering before hydraulic filling: the double-frequency RTK-GPS is combined with a digital automatic depth measurement system for measurement, the GPS provides real-time three-dimensional coordinates, and the digital automatic depth measurement system provides synchronous water depth;
step three, preparing the steel pipe pile before hydraulic filling: digging a circular hole at the same depth of the prefabricated steel pipe pile according to the depth to be measured by the stress and strain measuring device; according to the real-time coordinates provided by the measuring equipment, a pile driver is used for driving the steel pipe pile into a position required to be specified by a construction drawing, a top cover is additionally arranged on the top of the driven steel pipe pile, concrete is not poured, and the hollow state is kept;
fourthly, laying weak current cables: stopping hydraulic filling after the reef sand is hydraulically filled to the specified height required by the construction drawing, vertically placing the prepared weak current cable into the specified hollow steel pipe pile from the small hole reserved in the top cover according to the drawing requirement until the weak current cable reaches the height of the reef sand hydraulic filling, and pulling out the weak current cable from the hole in the side wall of the steel pipe pile by a constructor;
step five, laying stress and strain measuring devices: the measurement worker adopts the combination of a double-frequency RTK-GPS and a digital automatic depth measurement system to carry out position positioning, the GPS provides a real-time three-dimensional coordinate, and the constructor accurately puts a stress and strain measurement device into a specified measurement position according to position data provided by the measurement worker;
step six, fixing a stress and strain measuring device: after the stress and strain measuring device is placed at a designated position, a worker connects a draw hook on the measuring device with four positioning steel wire ropes by using a ring made of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy, the other ends of the four positioning steel wire ropes penetrate through the side wall holes of the pre-embedded steel pipe pile to be connected with the steel pipe pile, the four positioning steel wire ropes are pulled to be horizontal, and the stress and strain measuring device is positioned to the designated position;
step seven, pulling out the weak current cable from the steel pipe pile, and connecting the weak current cable with a stress and strain device conversion element; the weak current cable at the other end is connected with an external data processing and analyzing element and a power supply element of the onshore integrated device;
step eight, hydraulic reclamation of reef sand: manually laying reef sand with a certain thickness in an area for placing the stress and strain measuring device, and blowing the residual reef sand and a hydraulic reclamation machine to a sand filling area;
step nine, data measurement: and (4) operating the analysis software of the external data processing and analyzing element by a constructor to analyze the data transmitted by the device and monitor the safety of the construction process.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the 10 draw hooks arranged outside the measuring device can conveniently position the device at any position in a measuring plane, the measuring range is enlarged, the rotation of the measuring device is fixed by the draw hooks, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established to represent the position of each measuring surface, and the direction of the acting force of coral sand on each measuring surface can be measured.
2. The measuring device is characterized in that 12 pentagonal measuring shells and 20 hexagonal measuring shells are welded in a staggered mode to form a sphere-like shell, 32 measuring surfaces are independent, the size and the direction of stress and strain on the surfaces are measured respectively, and the stress condition of 32 directions can be measured accurately.
3. The shell of the measuring device is made of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy, the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy has corrosion resistance which is difficult to achieve by other metals, is resistant to gap erosion, shows good corrosion resistance in seawater, protects precise elements in the device from being damaged, and prolongs the service life of the device; the alloy material is high in hardness, small in stress deformation, capable of meeting the strain range of graphene, high in shell strength and capable of protecting a measuring device from being damaged when being extruded between external coral sand particles.
4. The novel material graphene (GO/RGO mixed material) is adopted in the measuring device as a sensitive element, the graphene (GO/RGO mixed material) has good conductivity, and the resistance of the graphene (GO/RGO mixed material) can be greatly changed after the graphene is subjected to fine deformation, so that the current in a circuit is obviously changed, and the sensitivity of the device is improved.
5. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) materials help graphene (GO/RGO hybrid materials) to have sensitive strain sensing properties in the low pressure region as well.
6. 32 graphite alkene (GO/RGO combined material) series connection each other in the device inserts same circuit, 32 measure the weight mutually independent, can measure the strain and stress size and the direction that every measuring device received respectively, be favorable to the researcher to make statistics of the tiny change that produces deep coral sand inter-particle interaction, thereby obtain the holistic atress size of macro and direction of the atress condition on the face is measured to the tiny by the difference, more accurate stress state who detects deep coral sand, guarantee the security of upper portion building.
7. Power component in the device is located the land, last the power supply to measuring device through the light current cable, guarantee measuring device's overall process, life-span is used, current data in the measuring device passes through the wire and transmits outside analysis software simultaneously, compare in using wireless transmission device can lead to the measured data distortion to transmit the problem of processing analysis component on the land even when being located very dark underground because of measuring device, wired transmission device more can guarantee measured data's accurate nature and transmission nature, the application range of device has been increaseed.
8. Laser welding: the laser welding can carry out accurate energy control, realize the welding of accurate micro device, guarantee the integrality of device.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is an external perspective view of the device.
Fig. 2 is an expanded view of the device housing.
Figure 3 is a view of the position of the device in a sand pack area.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the device cavity.
In the figure: the protective device comprises a protective shell 1, a drag hook 2, a central interlayer 3, an inner layer 4, a steel pipe pile 5 and a positioning steel wire rope 6;
a first pentagonal outer shell 1-1-1;
the first hexagonal shell is 1-2-1, 1-2-2, 1-2-3, 1-2-4 and 1-2-5;
the second pentagonal shell is 1-3-1, 1-3-2, 1-3-3, 1-3-4 and 1-3-5;
the second hexagonal shell is 1-4-1, 1-4-2, 1-4-3, 1-4-4 and 1-4-5;
the third hexagonal shell is 1-5-1, 1-5-2, 1-5-3, 1-5-4 and 1-5-5;
the third pentagonal shell is 1-6-1, 1-6-2, 1-6-3, 1-6-4 and 1-6-5;
a fourth hexagonal shell 1-7-1, 1-7-2, 1-7-3, 1-7-4 and 1-7-5;
a fourth pentagonal shell 1-8-1;
a straight rod 2-1 and a semi-circular arc bent rod 2-2.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-4, a device for measuring stress and strain between sand particles comprises a protective shell 1 with a spherical shape, wherein a plurality of draw hooks 2 are arranged outside the protective shell 1, a film-shaped central interlayer 3 is arranged on the inner wall of the protective shell 1, an inner layer 4 is bonded on the inner wall of the central interlayer 3, and a measurement sensing element, a signal acquisition and transmission system, a storage element, a power supply element and a data processing and analysis element are integrated in a cavity of the protective shell 1. Through adopting above-mentioned device, the shell is inside to regard as the sensing element with the graphite alkene inlayer, utilize the good electric conductivity of graphite alkene, experience tiny deformation back self resistance through it and take place very big change's characteristics, utilize the conversion component in the device to become the circuit signal with the strain signal that sensing element sensed, 32 graphite alkene mutual parallel access same circuit simultaneously, 32 measuring circuit are independent each other, can measure the strain and the stress size and the direction that every measuring device received respectively, be favorable to the researcher to the tiny change of deep coral sand inter-particle interact production and carry out the record, thereby obtain the holistic atress size and the direction of macroscopic by the stress condition on the different tiny measuring surface, the stress condition of more accurate detection deep coral sand, guarantee the security of upper portion building.
Further, the protective shell 1 is a sphere-like shape formed by mutually splicing 12 regular pentagons and 20 regular hexagons; the first layer of the protective shell 1 consists of a first pentagonal shell 1-1-1;
the second layer is composed of five edges of a first pentagonal shell surrounding the first layer, wherein the five edges of the first hexagonal shell are 1-2-1, 1-2-2, 1-2-3, 1-2-4 and 1-2-5, and the side length of the hexagonal shell of the second layer is equal to that of the pentagonal shell of the first layer;
the third layer consists of five second pentagonal shells 1-3-1, 1-3-2, 1-3-3, 1-3-4 and 1-3-5, the second pentagonal shell is positioned between the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the first hexagonal shell of the second layer, and the side length of the shell of the third layer is equal to that of the shell of the second layer;
the fourth layer consists of five second hexagonal shells 1-4-1, 1-4-2, 1-4-3, 1-4-4 and 1-4-5, the second hexagonal shell is positioned between the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the second pentagonal shell of the third layer, and the side length of the fourth layer is equal to that of the third layer;
the fifth layer is composed of five third hexagonal shells 1-5-1, 1-5-2, 1-5-3, 1-5-4 and 1-5-5, the third hexagonal shells are positioned below the second pentagonal shell of the third layer and between the left lower part and the right lower part of the second hexagonal shell of the fourth layer, and the side length of the fifth layer shell is equal to that of the fourth layer shell;
the sixth layer is composed of five third pentagonal shells 1-6-1, 1-6-2, 1-6-3, 1-6-4 and 1-6-5, the third pentagonal shells are positioned between the middle lower edge of the second hexagonal shell of the fourth layer and the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the third hexagonal shell of the fifth layer, and the side length of the sixth layer shells is equal to that of the fifth layer shells;
the seventh layer consists of five fourth hexagonal shells 1-7-1, 1-7-2, 1-7-3, 1-7-4 and 1-7-5, the fourth hexagonal shells are positioned at the middle lower edge of the third hexagonal shell of the fifth layer and the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the third pentagonal shell of the sixth layer, and the side length of the fourth hexagonal shells is equal to that of the sixth hexagonal shells;
the eighth layer is composed of a fourth pentagonal shell 1-8-1, is positioned at the middle lower edge of the third pentagonal shell of the sixth layer, and the side length of the shell is equal to that of the shell of the seventh layer.
Furthermore, the draw hook 2 is positioned on each side of the first pentagonal shell 1-1-1 and the fourth pentagonal shell 1-8-1 of the protective shell 1, and ten draw hooks are arranged in total; the draw hook 2 comprises a semi-circular arc bent rod 2-2, a straight rod 2-1 is distributed at one half position of the semi-circular arc bent rod 2-2, and the straight rod 2-1 and the semi-circular arc bent rod 2-2 are integrally prepared from high-strength and corrosion-resistant nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy.
Further, the protective shell 1 is made of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with high strength and corrosion resistance, wherein the chromium content is 16-22%, and the molybdenum content is 9-18%; the connection between each individual polygonal housing is by laser welding.
Further, the central interlayer 3 is made of polyvinylidene fluoride material; the inner layer 4 is made of graphene materials.
Furthermore, the measuring induction element is a plane piezoresistive sensing element formed by a central interlayer 3 and an inner layer 4, the central interlayer 3 made of polyvinylidene fluoride is tightly attached to the first layer of the inner wall of the protective shell 1, the inner layer 4 made of graphene is in seamless connection with the inner wall of the central interlayer 3, the polyvinylidene fluoride material layer and the graphene material layer are selected according to the measuring precision and the stress and strain range of the measuring interaction, and the protective shell 1, the central interlayer 3 and the inner layer 4 form a sphere-like shell together through the thickness of the two materials.
The measurement principle and the specific calculation method of the measurement sensing element are as follows:
if other materials are used to make the protective housing, the range of elastic moduli of the desired materials can be calculated using the following equation:
in the formula: sigmamax: taking the maximum stress required by engineering bearing and the maximum stress which can be borne by sand filling materials serving as a foundation;
σmin: taking the maximum value of the minimum stress required by engineering bearing and the minimum stress capable of being borne by sand filling materials serving as the foundation;
εmax: maximum distortion that can be produced by sensitive software;
εmin: the minimum deformation that the sensitive software can produce;
according to the formula, the elastic modulus is selected to be [ E ]min,Emax]As a protective shell。
32 graphite alkene (GO/RGO) combined material is the internal circuit of each other series connection access conversion component, graphite alkene (GO/RGO) combined material has fine electric conductivity, when being surveyed granule extrusion each other and producing stress deformation, can produce the extrusion to this device that exists between the granule, lead to protecting sheathing to produce the deformation of certain degree, make the graphite alkene in the induction element take place to deform, graphite alkene (GO/RGO) combined material's resistance value consequently changes, thereby transmission system changes the voltage signal who transmits out equidimension not according to the resistance value in the circuit. The voltage is input and output to the inside of the device through a weak current cable.
Furthermore, the signal acquisition transmission system changes the strain signal sensed by the measuring sensing element into a circuit signal, the 32 graphene material layers are mutually connected in series into an internal circuit of the conversion element, and a weak current cable inputs and outputs voltage into the device.
Further, the power supply element is provided by a land power supply, and the land power supply is connected with the conversion element inside the device through a weak current cable.
Furthermore, the power supply element and the data processing and analyzing element are integrated in a protective box, the protective box is positioned on the ground, and the output element is connected with a transmission system in the measuring device through a weak current cable;
furthermore, the data processing and analyzing element is internally integrated with analysis software and can receive the electric signals transmitted from the inside of the measuring device and perform mechanical modeling analysis on the electric signals, so that a measuring result is obtained. A specific data processing and analyzing method can adopt patent CN 108563890 a to obtain the stress strain at the point.
Example 2:
the method for detecting the deep coral sand by using the sand body inter-particle stress and strain measuring device comprises the following steps of:
step one, preparing the device for use: preparing a weak current cable with enough length, a stable power supply for long-term power supply, a standby power supply, a steel wire rope with enough length, and an operation room and a working room for placing the onshore integrated device at the construction preparation building material stage;
secondly, performing combined measurement work of the hydraulic filling engineering before hydraulic filling: the double-frequency RTK-GPS is combined with a digital automatic depth measurement system for measurement, the GPS provides real-time three-dimensional coordinates, and the digital automatic depth measurement system provides synchronous water depth;
step three, preparing the steel pipe pile 5 before hydraulic filling: digging a circular hole with the diameter of 3 cm at the same depth of the prefabricated steel pipe pile 5 according to the depth to be measured by the stress and strain measuring device; according to the real-time coordinates provided by the measuring equipment, a pile driver is used for driving the steel pipe pile into a position required to be specified by a construction drawing, a top cover is additionally arranged on the top of the driven steel pipe pile, concrete is not poured, and the hollow state is kept;
fourthly, laying weak current cables: stopping hydraulic filling after the reef sand is hydraulically filled to the specified height required by the construction drawing, vertically placing the prepared weak current cable into the specified hollow steel pipe pile from the small hole reserved in the top cover according to the drawing requirement until the weak current cable reaches the height of the reef sand hydraulic filling, and pulling out the weak current cable from the hole in the side wall of the steel pipe pile by a constructor;
step five, laying stress and strain measuring devices: the measurement worker adopts the combination of a double-frequency RTK-GPS and a digital automatic depth measurement system to carry out position positioning, the GPS provides a real-time three-dimensional coordinate, and the constructor accurately puts a stress and strain measurement device into a specified measurement position according to position data provided by the measurement worker;
step six, fixing a stress and strain measuring device: after the stress and strain measuring device is placed at a designated position, a worker connects a draw hook 2 on the measuring device with four positioning steel wire ropes 6 by using a ring made of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy, the other ends of the four positioning steel wire ropes 6 penetrate through holes in the side wall of the pre-embedded steel pipe pile 5 to be connected with the steel pipe pile 5, the four positioning steel wire ropes 6 are stretched to be horizontal, and the stress and strain measuring device is positioned to the designated position;
step seven, pulling out the weak current cable from the steel pipe pile 5 and connecting the weak current cable with a stress and strain device conversion element; the weak current cable at the other end is connected with an external data processing and analyzing element and a power supply element of the onshore integrated device;
step eight, hydraulic reclamation of reef sand: in the area for placing the stress and strain measuring devices, reef sand with the thickness of 0.5m is manually laid, and the remaining reef sand and a hydraulic reclamation machine are blown to the sand filling area;
step nine, data measurement: and (4) operating the analysis software of the external data processing and analyzing element by a constructor to analyze the data transmitted by the device and monitor the safety of the construction process.
Example 3:
the specific fixed operation method of the measuring device comprises the following steps:
firstly, a measurement worker performs position positioning by combining a dual-frequency RTK-GPS and a digital automatic depth measurement system, and the GPS provides real-time three-dimensional coordinates.
And step two, the constructor drives four prefabricated steel pipe piles into the foundation in advance according to the measurement data, and pours concrete at the position where the steel pipe piles are driven to fill the gaps around the pile body so as to maintain the stability of the pile body.
And thirdly, filling reef sand into the designated area, stopping filling until the filling height is set according to drawing requirements, and compacting and leveling coral sand in the area.
And fourthly, enabling the steel wire rope to penetrate through the positioning hole in the side wall of the pile body according to the drawing requirements, and dragging the measuring device to a specified position through the steel wire rope according to the measured data.
And fifthly, filling sand in the designated measurement area manually until the measurement device is embedded in the coral sand with the thickness of 0.5m, and then filling sand by using a sand filling machine.
Claims (8)
1. The method for detecting the deep coral sand by adopting the measuring device of the stress and the strain among the sand body particles comprises a protective shell (1) with a spherical appearance structure, wherein a plurality of draw hooks (2) are arranged outside the protective shell (1), a thin film central interlayer (3) is arranged on the inner wall of the protective shell (1), an inner layer (4) is bonded on the inner wall of the central interlayer (3), and a measuring sensing element, a signal acquisition and transmission system, a storage element, a power supply element and a data processing and analysis element are integrated in the cavity of the protective shell (1);
the protective shell (1) is in a sphere-like shape formed by mutually splicing 12 regular pentagons and 20 regular hexagons; the first layer of the protective shell (1) consists of a first pentagonal shell (1-1-1);
the second layer is composed of five edges of the first pentagonal shell of the first layer surrounded by five first hexagonal shells (1-2-1, 1-2-2, 1-2-3, 1-2-4 and 1-2-5), and the side length of the hexagonal shell of the second layer is equal to that of the pentagonal shell of the first layer;
the third layer consists of five second pentagonal shells (1-3-1, 1-3-2, 1-3-3, 1-3-4 and 1-3-5), the second pentagonal shells are positioned between the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the first hexagonal shells of the second layer, and the side length of the shells of the third layer is equal to that of the shells of the second layer;
the fourth layer is composed of five second hexagonal shells (1-4-1, 1-4-2, 1-4-3, 1-4-4 and 1-4-5), the second hexagonal shells are positioned between the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the second pentagonal shell of the third layer, and the side length of the fourth layer is equal to that of the third layer;
the fifth layer is composed of five third hexagonal shells (1-5-1, 1-5-2, 1-5-3, 1-5-4 and 1-5-5), the third hexagonal shells are positioned below the second pentagonal shell of the third layer and between the lower left side and the lower right side of the second hexagonal shell of the fourth layer, and the side length of the fifth layer shell is equal to that of the fourth layer shell;
the sixth layer is composed of five third pentagonal shells (1-6-1, 1-6-2, 1-6-3, 1-6-4 and 1-6-5), the third pentagonal shells are positioned between the middle lower side of the second hexagonal shell of the fourth layer and the left lower side and the right lower side of the third hexagonal shell of the fifth layer, and the side length of the sixth layer shells is equal to that of the fifth layer shells;
the seventh layer consists of five fourth hexagonal shells (1-7-1, 1-7-2, 1-7-3, 1-7-4 and 1-7-5), the fourth hexagonal shells are positioned at the middle lower edge of the third hexagonal shell of the fifth layer and the left lower edge and the right lower edge of the third pentagonal shell of the sixth layer, and the side length of the fourth hexagonal shells is equal to that of the sixth hexagonal shells;
the eighth layer is composed of a fourth pentagonal shell (1-8-1), is positioned at the middle lower edge of the third pentagonal shell of the sixth layer, and the side length of the shell is equal to that of the shell of the seventh layer;
the method is characterized in that: the detection method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing the device for use: preparing a weak current cable with enough length, a stable power supply for long-term power supply, a standby power supply, a steel wire rope with enough length, and an operation room and a working room for placing the onshore integrated device at the construction preparation building material stage;
secondly, performing combined measurement work of the hydraulic filling engineering before hydraulic filling: the double-frequency RTK-GPS is combined with a digital automatic depth measurement system for measurement, the GPS provides real-time three-dimensional coordinates, and the digital automatic depth measurement system provides synchronous water depth;
step three, preparing the steel pipe pile (5) before hydraulic filling: digging a circular hole at the same depth of the prefabricated steel pipe pile (5) according to the depth to be measured by the stress and strain measuring device; according to the real-time coordinates provided by the measuring equipment, a pile driver is used for driving the steel pipe pile into a position required to be specified by a construction drawing, a top cover is additionally arranged on the top of the driven steel pipe pile, concrete is not poured, and the hollow state is kept;
fourthly, laying weak current cables: stopping hydraulic filling after the reef sand is hydraulically filled to the specified height required by the construction drawing, vertically placing the prepared weak current cable into the specified hollow steel pipe pile from the small hole reserved in the top cover according to the drawing requirement until the weak current cable reaches the height of the reef sand hydraulic filling, and pulling out the weak current cable from the hole in the side wall of the steel pipe pile by a constructor;
step five, laying stress and strain measuring devices: the measurement worker adopts the combination of a double-frequency RTK-GPS and a digital automatic depth measurement system to carry out position positioning, the GPS provides a real-time three-dimensional coordinate, and the constructor accurately puts a stress and strain measurement device into a specified measurement position according to position data provided by the measurement worker;
step six, fixing a stress and strain measuring device: after the stress and strain measuring device is placed at a designated position, a worker connects a draw hook (2) on the measuring device with four positioning steel wire ropes (6) by using a ring made of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy, the other ends of the four positioning steel wire ropes (6) penetrate through holes in the side wall of a pre-embedded steel pipe pile (5) to be connected with the steel pipe pile (5), the four positioning steel wire ropes (6) are stretched to be horizontal, and the stress and strain measuring device is positioned to the designated position;
seventhly, pulling out the weak current cable from the steel pipe pile (5) and connecting the weak current cable with a stress and strain device conversion element; the weak current cable at the other end is connected with an external data processing and analyzing element and a power supply element of the onshore integrated device;
step eight, hydraulic reclamation of reef sand: manually laying reef sand with a certain thickness in an area for placing the stress and strain measuring device, and blowing the residual reef sand and a hydraulic reclamation machine to a sand filling area;
step nine, data measurement: and (4) operating the analysis software of the external data processing and analyzing element by a constructor to analyze the data transmitted by the device and monitor the safety of the construction process.
2. The method for detecting the deep coral sand by using the device for measuring the stress and strain among the sand particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the draw hook (2) is positioned on each side of the first pentagonal shell (1-1-1) and the fourth pentagonal shell (1-8-1) of the protective shell (1), and the total number of the draw hook is ten; the draw hook (2) comprises a semi-circular arc bent rod (2-2), a straight rod (2-1) is arranged at one half position of the semi-circular arc bent rod (2-2), and the straight rod (2-1) and the semi-circular arc bent rod (2-2) are integrally prepared from nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with high strength and corrosion resistance.
3. The method for detecting the deep coral sand by using the device for measuring the stress and strain among the sand particles as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the protective shell (1) is made of a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with high strength and corrosion resistance, wherein the chromium content is 16-22%, and the molybdenum content is 9-18%; the connection between each individual polygonal housing is by laser welding.
4. The method for detecting the deep coral sand by using the device for measuring the stress and strain among the sand particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the central interlayer (3) is made of polyvinylidene fluoride material; the inner layer (4) is made of graphene materials.
5. The method for detecting the deep coral sand by using the device for measuring the stress and strain among the sand particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the measuring induction element is a plane piezoresistive sensitive element jointly formed by a central interlayer (3) and an inner layer (4), the central interlayer (3) made of polyvinylidene fluoride is tightly attached to the first layer of the inner wall of the protective shell (1), the inner layer (4) made of graphene is in seamless connection with the inner wall of the central interlayer (3), the polyvinylidene fluoride material layer and the graphene material layer are selected according to the measuring precision and the stress of measuring interaction and the range of strain size, the thickness of the two materials is equal to the thickness of the protective shell, and the protective shell (1), the central interlayer (3) and the inner layer (4) jointly form a sphere-like shell.
6. The method for detecting the deep coral sand by using the device for measuring the stress and strain among the sand particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the signal acquisition transmission system changes strain signals sensed by the measuring sensing element into circuit signals, the 32 graphene material layers are mutually connected in series to be connected into an internal circuit of the conversion element, and a weak current cable inputs and outputs voltage into the device.
7. The method for detecting the deep coral sand by using the device for measuring the stress and strain among the sand particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power supply element is provided by a land-based power source which is connected to a conversion element inside the device by a weak current cable.
8. The method for detecting the deep coral sand by using the device for measuring the stress and strain among the sand particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power supply element and the data processing and analyzing element are integrated in a protective box, the protective box is positioned on the ground, and the output element is connected with a transmission system in the measuring device through a weak current cable;
the data processing and analyzing element is internally integrated with analysis software and can receive electric signals transmitted from the inside of the measuring device and perform mechanical modeling analysis on the electric signals, so that a measuring result is obtained.
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