CN112128388A

CN112128388A - Pneumatic stop valve

Info

Publication number: CN112128388A
Application number: CN202011211267.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 项敬泽
Original assignee: Anhui Longze Industrial Co ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Longze Industrial Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-03
Filing date: 2020-11-03
Publication date: 2020-12-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-03
Also published as: CN112128388B

Abstract

The invention discloses a pneumatic stop valve, which belongs to the technical field of valves and comprises a valve body, wherein one end of the valve body is fixedly connected with a discharge pipe, the other end of the valve body is provided with a feed pipe, the outer wall of the feed pipe is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the valve body, the inner wall of the valve body is fixedly provided with a valve seat, the inner wall of the valve seat is movably connected with a valve core, the inside of the valve seat comprises a separation table, the outer wall of the separation table is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the valve body, the inner wall of the separation table is fixedly provided with a heat-conducting plate, the inner wall of the separation table is fixedly provided with a first sealing ring, the outer wall of the separation table is fixedly provided with an electromagnet, the inside of the valve core. The electric heating wire can prevent the liquid in the valve body from being solidified at low temperature to influence the opening and closing between the valve core and the valve seat, and the heat conducting plate can accelerate the heat transfer to ensure that the liquid in the valve body is heated uniformly.

Description

Pneumatic stop valve

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of valves, and particularly relates to a pneumatic stop valve.

Background

The stop valve, also called stop valve, is one of the most widely used valves, and it is popular because the friction between the sealing surfaces is small in the opening and closing process, it is durable, the opening height is not large, it is easy to manufacture, it is convenient to maintain, it is not only suitable for middle and low pressure, but also for high pressure. The closing principle of the stop valve is that the sealing surface of the valve clack is tightly attached to the sealing surface of the valve seat by means of the pressure of the valve rod, and the medium is prevented from flowing. The valve of China has been specified in the 'three-in-one' mode, and the flow direction of the stop valve is uniformly from top to bottom, so that the stop valve has directionality during installation. The structure length of stop valve is greater than the gate valve, and fluid resistance is big simultaneously, and long-term operation, sealing reliability is not strong. The opening and closing part of the pneumatic stop valve is a plug-shaped valve clack, the sealing surface is a plane or a conical surface, and the valve clack moves linearly along the central line of fluid. The movement form of the valve rod is a lifting rod type (the valve rod is lifted, the hand wheel is not lifted), and a lifting rotating rod type (the hand wheel and the valve rod rotate together to lift, and the nut is arranged on the valve body). The stop valve is only suitable for full opening and full closing, and does not allow adjustment and throttling.

Still there is the gap between disk seat and the case, and under the low temperature condition, lubricating oil or moisture permeate easily and produce and solidify, are unfavorable for opening once more, and the repeated opening and close easily causes the damage to stop valve internals under the jam state moreover, reduces the life of stop valve, improves the stop valve and changes the frequency, the increase cost, and for this reason, we provide a pneumatic stop valve and solve above-mentioned problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pneumatic stop valve, which solves the problems that in the use process of the existing pneumatic stop valve in the background art, because a gap is still formed between a valve seat and a valve core, lubricating oil or moisture is easy to permeate and solidify under the low-temperature condition, so that the pneumatic stop valve is not beneficial to be opened again, and the repeated opening and closing of the pneumatic stop valve in a blocking state easily damages internal components of the stop valve, thereby reducing the service life of the stop valve, improving the replacement frequency of the stop valve and increasing the cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: pneumatic stop valve, including the valve body, the one end fixedly connected with discharging pipe of valve body, the other end of valve body is provided with the inlet pipe, the outer wall of inlet pipe and the outer wall fixed connection of valve body, the inner wall fixed mounting of valve body has the disk seat, the inner wall swing joint of disk seat has the case, the inside of disk seat is including separating the platform, separate the outer wall of platform and the inner wall fixed connection of valve body, the inner wall fixed mounting who separates the platform has the heat-conducting plate, the inner wall fixed mounting who separates the platform has sealing washer one, the outer wall fixed mounting who separates the platform has the electro-magnet.

Preferably, the inside of case includes the chucking seat, the outer wall of chucking seat and the inner wall swing joint of disk seat, the one end fixed mounting of chucking seat has last arc platform, the outer wall fixed mounting of going up the arc platform has electric heating wire, the top fixed mounting of going up the arc platform has solid fixed ring.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, electric heating wire can prevent that the liquid in the valve body from solidifying at low temperature, guarantees the normal operating of this device, prevents to open and close repeatedly under the disk seat jam state and causes the damage to case and disk seat internals easily, prolongs the life of stop valve, can accelerate heat transfer through the heat-conducting plate.

Preferably, the outer wall bottom fixed mounting of chucking seat has lower arc platform, the inner wall fixed mounting of chucking seat has an adjusting cylinder, adjusting cylinder's inside is provided with magnetism and inhales the piece, the outer wall of magnetism and the inner wall swing joint who adjusts the cylinder of inhaling the piece, the outer wall fixed mounting of chucking seat has sealing washer two.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the piece can prevent that the stop valve mistake from starting with the magnetism is inhaled to electro-magnet and magnetism to can make accurate counterpoint of case and disk seat, further effectively fix case and disk seat, improve the leakproofness.

Preferably, the top of case is provided with the valve rod, the bottom of valve rod and the top fixed connection of case, the outer wall swing joint of valve rod has down and connects the platform, the outer wall fixed mounting who connects the platform down has the joint piece, the inner wall threaded connection of joint piece has the screw rod, the outer wall threaded connection of screw rod has the stopper, the one end outer wall threaded connection of screw rod has the snap ring.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the screw rod is connected joint piece and stopper, and the joint is fixed between joint piece and the stopper, and easy to assemble is fixed.

Preferably, the outer wall fixed mounting of stopper has last connection platform, the bottom of going up the connection platform and the top fixed connection of connecting the platform down, the inner wall fixed mounting of going up the connection platform has spacing platform, the top fixed mounting of going up the connection platform has the regulation seat, the inner wall swing joint of going up the connection platform has last connecting rod, the one end of going up the connecting rod and the top fixed connection of valve rod, the right-hand member fixed mounting of adjusting the seat has the pressure regulating pipe.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adjust the effect that the seat played buffering and adjusting valve rod and go up and down, connect the platform through last connection and connect the device from top to bottom down

Preferably, the pressure regulating pipe comprises a pipe body, a sliding groove is formed in the inner wall of the pipe body, a sliding table is connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove in a sliding mode, a fixing column is arranged on the outer wall of the sliding table, one end of the fixing column is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the sliding table, a sealing gasket is fixedly mounted at the other end of the fixing column, a sealing cover is arranged at one end, away from the fixing column, of the sealing gasket, and the outer wall of the sealing cover is fixedly connected with the outer wall of.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the atmospheric pressure was higher in adjusting the seat, the sliding stand slided, and the fixed column drives sealed pad and sealed lid and removes, and sealed lid leaves the body, and gaseous release reduces the pressure in adjusting the seat.

Preferably, the outer wall of the upper connecting rod is provided with an adjusting spring, the inner wall of the adjusting spring is movably connected with the outer wall of the upper connecting rod, the top of the adjusting seat is fixedly provided with a connecting seat, the inner wall of the connecting seat is movably connected with the outer wall of the upper connecting rod, and the top of the connecting seat is fixedly provided with a fixing table.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, go up connecting rod extrusion regulating spring, regulating spring can further adjust the speed of rising or descending of control valve rod, guarantees that the valve rod steadily rises or descends.

Preferably, the inner wall fixed mounting of fixed station has the spacing ring, the inner wall fixed mounting of spacing ring has the intake pipe, the one end fixed mounting that the fixed station was kept away from to the intake pipe has the control valve, the top of fixed station is provided with the cylinder, the one end of cylinder and the top fixed connection of fixed station, the other end fixed mounting of cylinder has the adjusting knob.

By adopting the technical scheme, the air inlet and the air outlet of the air inlet pipe are controlled by the control valve, and the pressure in the air cylinder is adjusted.

Preferably, the bottom of the valve body is provided with an installation base, and the top of the installation base is fixedly connected with the bottom of the valve body.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the installation base is used for connecting this device of fixed, improves the stability of this device.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. liquid in the valve body can be prevented from solidifying at low temperature through the electric heating wire, valve blockage is prevented, the normal operation of the device is ensured, the valve core and the valve seat internal member are prevented from being damaged easily by repeatedly opening and closing under the valve seat blockage state, the service life of the stop valve is prolonged, the cost is reduced, heat transfer can be accelerated through the heat conducting plate, liquid solidification is further avoided, in addition, the upper arc table and the lower arc table are smooth and convenient to clean, and when the valve core ascends, the upper arc table and the liquid contact area are large, stress can be dispersed, and the valve rod ascending is facilitated.

2. The stop valve can be prevented from being started by mistake through the electromagnet and the magnetic attraction block, the valve core and the valve seat can be accurately aligned, the valve core and the valve seat are further effectively fixed, the sealing performance is improved, the valve core and the valve seat are prevented from being staggered when in use, the electromagnet is electrified to have magnetism and the magnetic attraction block mutually attract, the magnetic attraction block attracts a sliding out, and after the electromagnet is powered off, the magnetic attraction block returns to the clamping seat.

3. The pressure regulating pipe can prevent the excessive lifting of the valve rod from being influenced by the pressure in the regulating seat, when the pressure in the regulating seat is higher, the sliding table slides in the pipe body, the fixing column drives the sealing gasket and the sealing cover to move, the sealing gasket and the sealing cover leave the pipe body, gas is released, the pressure in the regulating seat is reduced, and the device damage caused by the excessive pressure of the gas in the device is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic external view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 2B according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at C in fig. 2 according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a valve body; 2. a discharge pipe; 3. a feed pipe; 4. a valve seat; 401. a separating table; 402. a heat conducting plate; 403. a first sealing ring; 404. an electromagnet; 5. a valve core; 501. a clamping seat; 502. an upper arc-shaped table; 503. an electric heating wire; 504. a fixing ring; 505. a lower arc-shaped table; 506. a magnetic block; 507. a second sealing ring; 6. a valve stem; 7. a lower connecting table; 8. a clamping block; 9. a screw; 10. a snap ring; 11. a limiting block; 12. an upper connecting table; 13. an adjusting seat; 14. an upper connecting rod; 15. a pressure regulating pipe; 1501. a pipe body; 1502. a sliding table; 1503. fixing a column; 1504. a gasket; 1505. a sealing cover; 16. adjusting the spring; 17. a connecting seat; 18. a fixed table; 19. a limiting ring; 20. an air inlet pipe; 21. a control valve; 22. a cylinder; 23. an adjusting knob; 24. and (5) installing a base.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: pneumatic stop valve, including valve body 1, the one end fixedly connected with discharging pipe 2 of valve body 1, the other end of valve body 1 is provided with inlet pipe 3, the outer wall of inlet pipe 3 and the outer wall fixed connection of valve body 1, the inner wall fixed mounting of valve body 1 has disk seat 4, the inner wall swing joint of disk seat 4 has case 5, the inside of disk seat 4 is including separating platform 401, the outer wall of separating platform 401 and the inner wall fixed connection of valve body 1, the inner wall fixed mounting of separating platform 401 has heat-conducting plate 402, the inner wall fixed mounting of separating platform 401 has a sealing washer 403, the outer wall fixed mounting of separating platform 401 has electro-magnet 404.

In this embodiment, heat transfer can be accelerated through heat-conducting plate 402, further avoids liquid to solidify, guarantees the normal operating of this device, prevents to open and close repeatedly under the disk seat 4 jam state easily to case 5 and disk seat 4 internals cause the damage, the life of extension stop valve, reduce cost.

Specifically, the inside of case 5 includes chucking seat 501, the outer wall of chucking seat 501 and the inner wall swing joint of disk seat 4, and the one end fixed mounting of chucking seat 501 has last arc platform 502, and the outer wall fixed mounting of going up arc platform 502 has electric heating wire 503, and the top fixed mounting of going up arc platform 502 has solid fixed ring 504.

In this embodiment, can prevent through electric heating wire 503 that the liquid in the valve body 1 from solidifying at low temperature, prevent the valve jam, guarantee the normal operating of this device, prevent to open and close repeatedly easily to

case

5 and 4 internals of disk seat under the disk seat 4 jam state and cause the damage, the life of extension stop valve, go up arc platform 502 and arc platform 505 surface level and smooth down, convenient washing, and when case 5 rose, it was big to go up arc platform 502 and liquid area of contact, can disperse the atress, be favorable to valve rod 6 to rise.

Specifically, the outer wall bottom fixed mounting of chucking seat 501 has lower arc platform 505, and the inner wall fixed mounting of chucking seat 501 has an adjusting cylinder, and the inside of adjusting cylinder is provided with magnetism piece 506, and magnetism piece 506's outer wall and the inner wall swing joint of adjusting cylinder are inhaled to magnetism, and chucking seat 501's outer wall fixed mounting has sealing washer two 507.

In this embodiment, the piece 506 is inhaled to electro-magnet 404 and magnetism can prevent that the stop valve from the false start, the electro-magnet 404 circular telegram has magnetism and inhales piece 506 inter attraction, make case 5 and disk seat 4 accurate counterpoint, further effectively fix case 5 and disk seat 4, improve disk seat 4 and case 5 leakproofness, dislocation when preventing case 4 and disk seat 5 to use, magnetism is inhaled piece 506 and is attracted the roll-off by electro-magnet 404, after the electro-magnet 404 outage, magnetism is inhaled piece 506 and is got back to in the chucking seat 501, make case 5 normally open and close.

Specifically, the top of case 5 is provided with valve rod 6, the bottom of valve rod 6 and the top fixed connection of case 5, and the outer wall swing joint of valve rod 6 has down to connect platform 7, and the outer wall fixed mounting of lower connection platform 7 has joint piece 8, and the inner wall threaded connection of joint piece 8 has screw rod 9, and the outer wall threaded connection of screw rod 9 has stopper 11, and the one end outer wall threaded connection of screw rod 9 has snap ring 10.

In this embodiment, connect joint piece 8 and stopper 11 through screw rod 9, the joint is fixed between joint piece 8 and the stopper 11, and is easy to assemble, connects platform 12 and lower stability of connecting between the platform 7 on further improving, goes up when avoiding using and connects the removal of platform 12 top device.

Specifically, the outer wall fixed mounting of stopper 11 has last connection platform 12, goes up the bottom of connection platform 12 and the top fixed connection of lower connection platform 7, and the inner wall fixed mounting of going up connection platform 12 has spacing platform, and the top fixed mounting of going up connection platform 12 has regulation seat 13, and the inner wall swing joint of going up connection platform 12 has last connecting rod 14, goes up the one end of connecting rod 14 and the top fixed connection of valve rod 6, and the right-hand member fixed mounting of regulation seat 13 has pressure regulating pipe 15.

In this embodiment, the adjustment seat 13 plays a role of buffering, and the upper and lower devices are connected through the upper connection table 12 and the lower connection table 7.

Specifically, the inside of pressure regulating pipe 15 includes body 1501, and the spout has been seted up to the inner wall of body 1501, and the inner wall sliding connection of spout has slide table 1502, and slide table 1502's outer wall is provided with fixed column 1503, and the one end of fixed column 1503 and slide table 1502's outer wall fixed connection, the other end fixed mounting of fixed column 1503 has sealed the pad 1504, and the one end that sealed pad 1504 kept away from fixed column 1503 is provided with sealed lid 1505, the outer wall of sealed lid 1505 and the outer wall fixed connection of fixed column 1503.

In this embodiment, the pressure regulating pipe 15 can prevent the excessive lifting of the valve rod 6 that is affected by the air pressure in the regulating seat 13, when the air pressure in the regulating seat 13 is high, the sliding table 1502 slides in the pipe body 1501, the fixing column 1503 drives the sealing gasket 1504 and the sealing cover 1505 to move, the sealing gasket 1504 and the sealing cover 1505 leave the pipe body 1501, and the air is released to reduce the pressure in the regulating seat 13.

Specifically, an adjusting spring 16 is arranged on the outer wall of the upper connecting rod 14, the inner wall of the adjusting spring 16 is movably connected with the outer wall of the upper connecting rod 14, a connecting seat 17 is fixedly mounted at the top of the adjusting seat 13, the inner wall of the connecting seat 17 is movably connected with the outer wall of the upper connecting rod 14, and a fixing table 18 is fixedly mounted at the top of the connecting seat 17.

In this embodiment, when the valve rod 6 ascends or descends, the upper connecting rod 14 presses the adjusting spring 16, and the adjusting spring 16 can further adjust and control the ascending or descending speed of the valve rod 6, so as to ensure that the valve rod 6 ascends or descends stably.

Specifically, the inner wall of the fixed station 18 is fixedly provided with a limiting ring 19, the inner wall of the limiting ring 19 is fixedly provided with an air inlet pipe 20, one end of the air inlet pipe 20, which is far away from the fixed station 18, is fixedly provided with a control valve 21, the top of the fixed station 18 is provided with an air cylinder 22, one end of the air cylinder 22 is fixedly connected with the top of the fixed station 18, and the other end of the air cylinder 22 is fixedly provided with an adjusting button 23.

In this embodiment, the control valve 21 controls the air intake of the air intake pipe 20, adjusts the pressure in the air cylinder 22, and is convenient for controlling the lifting of the valve rod 6.

Specifically, the bottom of the valve body 1 is provided with an installation base 24, and the top of the installation base 24 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the valve body 1.

In this embodiment, the mounting base 24 facilitates mounting and fixing of the device.

The working principle and the using process of the invention are as follows: when the device is used, the electric heating wire 503 is electrified to generate heat to prevent liquid in the valve body 1 from being solidified at a low temperature, the valve is blocked, the normal operation of the device is ensured, the damage to internal components of the valve core 5 and the valve seat 4 is prevented when the valve seat 4 is blocked, the heat transfer can be accelerated through the heat conducting plate 402, the surfaces of the upper arc-shaped platform 502 and the lower arc-shaped platform 505 are smooth and convenient to clean, the control valve 21 controls the air inlet pipe 20 to intake air, the pressure in the air cylinder 22 is adjusted, the upper connecting rod 14 drives the valve rod 6 to ascend, the contact area between the upper arc-shaped platform 502 and the liquid is large at the moment, the stress can be dispersed, the valve rod 6 is favorably ascended, the adjusting spring 16 can further adjust the ascending or descending speed of the control valve rod 6, after the control electromagnet 404 is powered off, the magnetic attraction block 506 slides back to the clamping seat 501, when the air pressure in the adjusting seat 13 is high, the sliding table 1502 slides in the tube 1501, the fixing column 1503 drives the sealing gasket 1504 and the sealing cover 1505 to move, the sealing gasket 1504 and the sealing cover 1505 are separated from the tube 1501, and the air is released to reduce the pressure in the adjusting seat 13.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Pneumatic stop valve, including valve body (1), its characterized in that: the one end fixedly connected with discharging pipe (2) of valve body (1), the other end of valve body (1) is provided with inlet pipe (3), the outer wall of inlet pipe (3) and the outer wall fixed connection of valve body (1), the inner wall fixed mounting of valve body (1) has disk seat (4), the inner wall swing joint of disk seat (4) has case (5), the inside of disk seat (4) is including separating platform (401), separate the outer wall of platform (401) and the inner wall fixed connection of valve body (1), the inner wall fixed mounting who separates platform (401) has heat-conducting plate (402), the inner wall fixed mounting who separates platform (401) has sealing washer (403), the outer wall fixed mounting who separates platform (401) has electro-magnet (404).

2. The pneumatic stop valve of claim 1, wherein: the inside of case (5) includes chucking seat (501), the outer wall of chucking seat (501) and the inner wall swing joint of disk seat (4), the one end fixed mounting of chucking seat (501) has last arc platform (502), the outer wall fixed mounting of going up arc platform (502) has electric heating wire (503), the top fixed mounting of going up arc platform (502) has solid fixed ring (504).

3. A pneumatic stop valve as defined in claim 2, wherein: outer wall bottom fixed mounting of chucking seat (501) has down arc platform (505), the inner wall fixed mounting of chucking seat (501) has an adjusting cylinder, adjusting cylinder's inside is provided with magnetism and inhales piece (506), the outer wall of magnetism and the inner wall swing joint who adjusts a cylinder of inhaling piece (506), the outer wall fixed mounting of chucking seat (501) has sealing washer two (507).

4. The pneumatic stop valve of claim 1, wherein: the top of case (5) is provided with valve rod (6), the bottom of valve rod (6) and the top fixed connection of case (5), the outer wall swing joint of valve rod (6) connects platform (7) down, the outer wall fixed mounting who connects platform (7) down has joint piece (8), the inner wall threaded connection of joint piece (8) has screw rod (9), the outer wall threaded connection of screw rod (9) has stopper (11), the one end outer wall threaded connection of screw rod (9) has snap ring (10).

5. The pneumatic stop valve of claim 4, wherein: the outer wall fixed mounting of stopper (11) has last connection platform (12), the top fixed connection of the bottom of going up connection platform (12) and lower connection platform (7), the inner wall fixed mounting of going up connection platform (12) has spacing platform, the top fixed mounting of going up connection platform (12) has regulation seat (13), the inner wall swing joint of going up connection platform (12) has last connecting rod (14), the top fixed connection of the one end of going up connecting rod (14) and valve rod (6), the right-hand member fixed mounting of adjusting seat (13) has pressure regulating pipe (15).

6. The pneumatic stop valve of claim 5, wherein: the pressure regulating pipe (15) comprises a pipe body (1501) inside, a sliding groove is formed in the inner wall of the pipe body (1501), a sliding table (1502) is connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove in a sliding mode, a fixing column (1503) is arranged on the outer wall of the sliding table (1502), one end of the fixing column (1503) is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the sliding table (1502), a sealing gasket (1504) is fixedly installed at the other end of the fixing column (1503), a sealing cover (1505) is arranged at one end, far away from the fixing column (1503), of the sealing gasket (1504), and the outer wall of the sealing cover (1505) is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the.

7. The pneumatic stop valve of claim 5, wherein: go up the outer wall of connecting rod (14) and be provided with adjusting spring (16), the inner wall of adjusting spring (16) and the outer wall swing joint of last connecting rod (14), the top fixed mounting who adjusts seat (13) has connecting seat (17), the inner wall of connecting seat (17) and the outer wall swing joint of last connecting rod (14), the top fixed mounting of connecting seat (17) has fixed station (18).

8. The pneumatic stop valve of claim 7, wherein: the inner wall fixed mounting of fixed station (18) has spacing ring (19), the inner wall fixed mounting of spacing ring (19) has intake pipe (20), the one end fixed mounting that fixed station (18) were kept away from in intake pipe (20) has control valve (21), the top of fixed station (18) is provided with cylinder (22), the one end of cylinder (22) and the top fixed connection of fixed station (18), the other end fixed mounting of cylinder (22) has adjusting button (23).

9. The pneumatic stop valve of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of valve body (1) is provided with installation base (24), the top of installation base (24) and the bottom fixed connection of valve body (1).