CN112125685B - Low-heat-conduction mullite light heat-insulating brick - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-heat-conduction mullite light heat-insulating brick, belonging to the technical field of light heat-insulating refractory materials. The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from, by weight, 15-25% of kyanite tailings, 10-30% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 20-30% of kaolin, 20-40% of waste brick blank powder, and 100% of the total, wherein a pore-forming agent accounts for 3-4.5% of the total. The volume density of the mullite light heat-insulating brick is less than or equal to 0.6g/cm 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is less than or equal to 0.18W/(m.k) at the average temperature of 350 ℃, and the normal-temperature compressive strength is more than or equal to 2.0MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of light heat-insulating refractory materials, and particularly relates to a mullite light heat-insulating brick with low heat conductivity.
Background
The heat-insulating refractory material is also called a heat-insulating refractory material, and is a refractory material with low heat capacity and low heat conductivity. They are also known as lightweight refractory materials because of their low bulk density and high porosity. The product mainly comprises heat-insulating refractory products, refractory fibers and refractory fiber products, and is commonly used on industrial kilns and other thermal equipment. The mullite light heat-insulating material is prepared by using alumina, clay, tridymite and the like as main raw materials and forming a large number of communicated or closed holes inside the material in the process of molding or high-temperature sintering. Due to the high porosity, the mullite thermal conductivity coefficient is low, and the inherent characteristics of high temperature resistance, excellent thermal shock resistance and high chemical stability of the mullite make the mullite thermal conductivity coefficient have wide application prospects in various fields, thereby arousing high attention of the scientific community.
The preparation of the mullite material by utilizing the kyanite is one of the traditional methods, and the theoretical chemical composition of the kyanite is Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 ，Al 2 O 3 The content of SiO is 62.92 percent 2 37.08% of Cr, which belongs to a triclinic system 3+ (not more than 12.88 wt.%), and often Fe 2 O 3 (up to l-2wt.%, sometimes up to 7 wt.%), and small amounts of CaO, mgO, feO, tiO 2 The chemical composition of the mineral is often lower than the theoretical value. But the high-quality kyanite ore with relatively good quality and low impurity content is less and less at present, the price is high, and in addition, the steel industry consumes a large amount of kyanite minerals every year, and great pressure is brought to the development and utilization of kyanite mineral resources.
Patent document No. CN103864403A provides a mullite light heat-insulating brick based on kyanite tailings and a preparation method thereof. The adopted technical scheme is as follows: firstly, 50-85wt% of kyanite tailings, 10-36wt% of plastic clay and 2-18wt% of alpha-Al 2 O 3 And 1-5wt% of silicon micro powder as a raw material, then adding 30-60wt% of pore-forming agent, 0.4-1.4wt% of bonding agent and 15-50wt% of water as the raw material, uniformly mixing, ageing for 12-24 hours, forming, naturally drying, baking for 10-16 hours at 110 ℃, heating to 1300-1550 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-8 hours to obtain the kyanite tailing-based mullite light heat-insulating brick. The kyanite tailings used by the light heat-insulating brick have high zirconia content, and the thermal shock stability of the prepared mullite light brick is improved.
Publication No. CN110423108A relates to a preparation method of a zirconium-containing mullite material based on kyanite tailings. The technical scheme is as follows: taking 70 to 80wt% of kyanite tailing particles, 22 to 32wt% of alpha-alumina micropowder and 0.4 to 0.8wt% of beryllium oxide as raw materials, adding the raw materials into a ball mill, adding 300 to 400wt% of water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 4 to 6h to obtain slurry; drying the slurry at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, crushing and grinding to obtain fine powder; adding a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the weight percent of 3-5% of the fine powder into the fine powder, and uniformly stirring for ageing for 20-24h; then pressing and forming, and drying at the temperature of 80 to 140 ℃ for 14 to 24h; and (3) preserving the heat for 2 to 5 hours under the conditions of oxidizing atmosphere and 1200 to 1600 ℃ to prepare the zirconium-containing mullite material based on the kyanite tailings. The mullite material containing zirconium has remarkable compressive strength, but has large volume density and general heat insulation performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a mullite light heat-insulating brick aiming at the defects of the prior art so as to improve the heat-conducting property of the mullite light heat-insulating brick.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from, by weight, 15-25% of kyanite tailings, 10-30% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 20-30% of kaolin, 20-40% of waste brick blank powder, and 100% of the total, wherein a pore-forming agent accounts for 3-4.5% of the total.
Further, the kyanite tailings contain 8-18% of aluminum oxide by mass, and the iron oxide by mass is less than or equal to 2.5%.
Furthermore, the medium and low grade kyanite contains 25-45% of aluminum oxide by mass percent, and the iron oxide by mass percent is less than or equal to 2.0%.
Further, the mass percent of the waste brick blank powder containing aluminum oxide is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the mass percent of ferric oxide is less than or equal to 2.0 percent.
Furthermore, the light heat-insulating brick contains 40-50% of aluminum oxide by mass and less than or equal to 1.0% of ferric oxide by mass.
Furthermore, the particle size of the kyanite tailings, the medium-low grade kyanite and the waste brick blank powder is less than or equal to 0.10mm, and the particle size of the kaolin is less than or equal to 0.074mm.
Further, the low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared by the following method: mixing the kyanite tailings, the medium-low grade kyanite, the kaolin and the waste brick blank powder in proportion, adding a pore-forming agent, adding water, mixing, extruding, molding and calcining to obtain the light heat-insulating brick.
Furthermore, the calcining temperature is 1250-1300 ℃, and the time is 4-10h.
As is well known in the art, kyanite-rich ores are very rare, and a large fraction of kyanite ore contains relatively few kyanite concentrates, while other gangue minerals or impurity components are abundant. In order to improve the development and utilization value of the lean kyanite, the common practice is to increase the content of alumina, reduce the content of impurities to a standard allowable value (YB 4032-91), and then reuse the impurities for producing other high value-added products. The expectation can be conventionally realized through mineral separation and purification, but according to existing researches, the kyanite belongs to refractory minerals, the recovery rate is generally about 70%, and the recovery rate is lower than 50% or even lower, so that the mineral separation and recovery cost is high, the economic benefit of enterprises is directly influenced, the utilization efficiency of the medium-low-grade kyanite is always lower, the impurities are higher than the industry standard value, the influence on the performance of a finished product is obvious, and based on the general pursuit of maximization of profits, manufacturers in the field are generally reluctant to utilize the medium-low-grade kyanite to produce light heat-insulating bricks, and the light heat-insulating bricks produced by matching the medium-low-grade kyanite according to conventional components need to be formed again and research and development of process lines, the instability of the performance of the product is increased, and the technical output obstacle is objectively increased.
In addition, tailings after the kyanite ore is mined, namely, the 'waste' which is limited by the current technical and economic conditions and is not suitable for further separation treatment is left in mining and mineral separation operation, although the quantity is considerable, the utilization value is reduced along with the lower grade due to the lower grade, and most of the waste is left unused. In this regard, wuhan university of science and technology has made many useful systematic works and has also achieved significant research results, such as: CN103864403B, CN110204309A and CN110423108A, and the patent technologies all relate to the production of mullite materials from zirconium-containing kyanite tailings. However, the content of alumina in the kyanite tailings is relatively high and is relatively close to the standard value of YB4032-91, and the content of alumina and silicon dioxide in the kyanite tailings is hardly as high as that of the conventional kyanite tailings; unqualified green bricks in the production process are usually discarded, and cannot be recycled for secondary utilization; some of them have severer production process conditions and difficult quality control.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the content, the invention provides the low-heat-conduction mullite light heat-insulating brick which is prepared from the kyanite tailings, the medium-low-grade kyanite, kaolin, waste brick blank powder and a proper amount of pore-forming agent, and in the aspect of raw material utilization, the application range of kyanite ore resources in the field of preparing mullite light heat-insulating bricks is expanded, the utilization rate of the kyanite ore resources is improved, the medium-low-grade kyanite ore and the kyanite tailings outside the YB4032-91 standard are effectively utilized, and the additional value of the kyanite ore resources is improved.
The waste brick blank powder is an unqualified product in the production of the mullite light heat-insulating brick, is obtained by crushing or grinding, and is put into the manufacturing process for producing the mullite light heat-insulating brick, so that the input of the raw material cost is reduced, the utilization rate of the raw material is effectively improved, the raw material is applied in a closed loop mode, no solid waste is generated basically, and the practice shows that reasonable collocation can better exert the synergistic effect of the raw materials, so that the comprehensive performance of the obtained light heat-insulating brick is more outstanding.
The light refractory material has the main factors of heat conductivity, and the smaller the heat conductivity coefficient is, the larger the heat resistance is, the smaller the heat loss is, so that the heat loss can be reduced by reducing the heat conductivity coefficient, and the light refractory material is also a measure for saving energy and improving the heat efficiency. According to the invention, a great number of micropores are formed among particles by utilizing the decomposition and expansion of kyanite in the heating process, and kaolin, waste brick blank powder and a pore-forming agent are added to adjust and control the formation of the micropores and the size and distribution of the pore diameter in order to prepare the light mullite, so that the light mullite light heat-insulating brick with light weight, low heat conduction and obviously better normal-temperature compressive strength than the standard mullite is developed. The volume density of the mullite light heat-insulating brick is 0.50-0.60g/cm 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is less than or equal to 0.18W/(m.k) at the average temperature of 350 ℃, the normal-temperature compressive strength is more than or equal to 2.0MPa, and the re-firing line change rate is-0.45-0.20% (1250 ℃ multiplied by 12 h).
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to clearly illustrate the contents of the present invention, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following examples. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details.
In the invention, the kyanite tailings contain 8-18% of aluminum oxide by mass and less than or equal to 2.5% of ferric oxide by mass. The grain size of the kyanite tailings is less than or equal to 0.10mm.
The medium and low grade kyanite contains 25-45% of aluminum oxide by mass percent and less than or equal to 2.0% of ferric oxide by mass percent. The grain size of the medium and low grade kyanite is less than or equal to 0.10mm.
The waste brick blank powder contains more than or equal to 40 percent of aluminum oxide by mass percent and less than or equal to 2.0 percent of ferric oxide by mass percent. The grain size of the waste brick blank powder is less than or equal to 0.10mm.
The grain diameter of the kaolin is less than or equal to 0.074mm.
The pore-forming agent is biomass particles such as sawdust, straw, straws or rice hulls.
The 0.6 level in the invention means that the volume density of the mullite light heat-insulating brick is not more than 0.6g/cm 3 。
The pressure of extrusion molding in the invention is 2.5-3.5MPa.
The technical parameters of the raw materials used in the following specific examples all meet the above requirements and are not repeated.
The invention creatively takes unqualified mullite light heat-insulating waste adobes produced in the same production line as the raw materials for producing new products, and combines the scientific combination and proportion of the raw materials and the control of process parameters, so that the obtained mullite light heat-insulating brick has the excellent characteristics of good heat-insulating effect and high normal-temperature compressive strength.
Example 1
The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from 15% of kyanite tailings, 30% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 25% of kaolin, 30% of waste brick blank powder and 3% of saw dust serving as a pore-forming agent.
Example 2
The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from 20% of kyanite tailings, 25% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 30% of kaolin, 25% of waste brick blank powder and a pore-forming agent which is rice hull biomass particles, wherein the addition amount of the pore-forming agent accounts for 3.5% of the total weight of the raw materials.
Example 3
The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from 20% of kyanite tailings, 15% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 30% of kaolin, 35% of waste brick blank powder and 4% of straw biomass particles serving as pore-forming agents in percentage by weight.
Example 4
The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from 23 wt% of kyanite tailings, 20 wt% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 20 wt% of kaolin, 37 wt% of waste brick blank powder and 4.2 wt% of saw dust serving as a pore-forming agent.
Example 5
The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from 25 wt% of kyanite tailings, 10 wt% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 25 wt% of kaolin, 40 wt% of waste brick blank powder and 4.5 wt% of a pore-forming agent.
Example 6
The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from 25 wt% of kyanite tailings, 30 wt% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 25 wt% of kaolin, 20 wt% of waste brick blank powder and 3.5 wt% of a pore-forming agent.
Example 7
A low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared by the following steps: mixing the kyanite tailings, the medium-low-grade kyanite, the kaolin and the waste brick blank powder in proportion, adding a pore-forming agent, adding water, mixing, extruding and molding, and calcining at 1250 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the light heat-insulating brick.
The proportions of the raw materials in this example are shown in example 1.
Example 8
A low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared by the following steps: mixing the kyanite tailings, the medium-low grade kyanite, the kaolin and the waste brick blank powder in proportion, adding a pore-forming agent, adding water, mixing, extruding and molding, and calcining at 1275 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the light heat-insulating brick.
The proportions of the raw materials in this example are referred to in example 2.
Example 9
A low-heat-conduction mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared by the following steps: mixing the kyanite tailings, the medium-low-grade kyanite, the kaolin and the waste brick blank powder in proportion, adding a pore-forming agent, adding water, mixing, extruding and molding, and calcining at 1300 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the light heat-insulating brick.
The proportions of the raw materials in this example are referred to in example 3.
The light heat-insulating brick in the embodiment 1-6 can be prepared by referring to any one of the preparation methods in the embodiment 7-9, meanwhile, the mixture ratio of the raw materials in the embodiment 7-9 can be combined by referring to any one of the proportions in the embodiment 1-6, and the obtained light heat-insulating brick contains aluminum oxide with the mass percent of more than or equal to 40 percent and ferric oxide with the mass percent of less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
Comparative example 1
A low-heat-conduction mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared by the following steps: mixing the kyanite tailings, the medium-low grade kyanite, the kaolin and the waste brick blank powder according to a proportion, adding a pore-forming agent, adding water, mixing, extruding and molding, and calcining at 1340 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the light heat-insulating brick.
The raw material ratios are the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
A low-heat-conduction mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared by the following steps: mixing the kyanite tailings, the medium-low grade kyanite, the kaolin and the waste brick blank powder in proportion, adding a pore-forming agent with the mass percent of 2.5%, adding water for mixing, extruding and molding, and calcining at 1250 ℃ for 4 hours to prepare the light heat-insulating brick.
The raw material components and the compounding ratio of the comparative example are the same as those of example 1.
Comparative example 3
The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from 10% of kyanite tailings, 40% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 20% of kaolin, 30% of waste brick blank powder and 3% of saw dust serving as a pore-forming agent.
Comparative example 4
The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is prepared from 20 wt% of kyanite tailings, 10 wt% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 20 wt% of kaolin, 50wt% of waste brick blank powder and 3 wt% of saw dust serving as a pore-forming agent.
Comparative examples 3 to 4 light-weight insulating bricks were produced by the method according to any one of the production methods of examples 7 to 9.
The lightweight insulating bricks obtained in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to performance tests with reference to the following test standards. Wherein:
detecting the volume density of the sample according to GB/T2998;
detecting the normal-temperature compressive strength of the sample according to GB/T5072;
detecting the heating permanent line change rate of the sample according to GB/T5988;
detecting the thermal conductivity (350 ℃) of the sample according to YB/T4130;
the results are shown in the following table:
the volume density of the mullite light heat-insulating brick is less than or equal to 0.6g/cm 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is less than or equal to 0.19W/(m.k) at the average temperature of 350 ℃, the normal-temperature compressive strength is more than or equal to 2.0MPa, the change rate of the re-burning line is-0.45-0.20% (1250 ℃ multiplied by 12 h), the corresponding standard requirements of GB/T35845-2018 are met, meanwhile, the heat conductivity coefficient is lower, the normal-temperature compressive strength is higher, the change rate of the re-burning line is small, and the advantages are prominent.
The comparative examples 1 to 4 and the test data thereof also show that the mullite light heat-insulating brick has reasonable pore-forming agent addition amount and scientific calcining parameter design, and meanwhile, the proportion matching of the kyanite tailings, the medium-low grade kyanite, the kaolin and the waste brick blank powder is proper, so that the heat conductivity coefficient and the normal-temperature compressive strength of the mullite light heat-insulating brick are improved to a certain extent.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The low-heat-conductivity mullite light heat-insulating brick is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 15-25% of kyanite tailings, 10-30% of medium-low-grade kyanite, 20-30% of kaolin, 20-40% of waste brick blank powder, 100% in total, and 3-4.5% of pore-forming agents in total,
the kyanite tailings contain 8-18% of aluminum oxide by mass and less than or equal to 2.5% of ferric oxide by mass; the medium and low grade kyanite contains 25 to 45 mass percent of aluminum oxide and less than or equal to 2.0 mass percent of ferric oxide; the waste brick blank powder contains more than or equal to 40 percent of aluminum oxide by mass and less than or equal to 2.0 percent of ferric oxide by mass;
the light heat-insulating brick contains 40-50% of aluminum oxide by mass and less than or equal to 1.0% of ferric oxide by mass;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the kyanite tailings, the medium-low grade kyanite, the kaolin and the waste brick blank powder in proportion, adding a pore-forming agent, adding water, mixing, extruding, molding and calcining to prepare the light heat-insulating brick;
the calcining temperature is 1250-1275 ℃ and the calcining time is 4-10h.
2. The low thermal conductivity mullite light insulating brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle sizes of the kyanite tailings, the medium-low grade kyanite and the waste brick blank powder are less than or equal to 0.10mm, and the particle size of the kaolin is less than or equal to 0.074mm.
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