CN112125463A - Power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system - Google Patents
Power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
- F28D21/0014—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/18—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the purification of gaseous effluents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
Abstract
The invention discloses a power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero-discharge system which comprises an adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device, a desulfurization wastewater evaporation and concentration system using waste heat as a heat source, a desulfurization wastewater pretreatment system and a system for finally treating concentrated desulfurization wastewater to zero-discharge. Has the advantages that: through system adjustment that can be convenient, adapt to the influence of the automatic boiler load regulation that goes on of many power plant coal fired boiler along with the electric wire netting load change to boiler afterbody flue gas waste heat recovery device and desulfurization flash distillation concentration system, make waste heat recovery system and the concentrated system overall operation of low temperature flash distillation stable, wall temperature through automatic adjustment waste heat recovery device and the temperature difference of flue gas, guarantee that waste heat exchange volume is unchangeable basically, higher energy-conserving effect has, make full use of flue gas waste heat, desulfurization waste water need not add medicine preliminary treatment, reduce waste water treatment working costs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling and energy saving and the field of desulfurization wastewater zero-discharge treatment and environment-friendly water treatment, in particular to a desulfurization wastewater zero-discharge system of a variable-load coal-fired boiler of a power plant.
Background
The desulfurization wastewater is the wastewater generated after the coal-fired power plant removes dust and desulfurizes the flue gas. Because the desulfurization process is because evaporation and flue gas carry, need regularly to desulfurization system make-up water, but not high to moisturizing water quality requirement, so the reuse's in basically all power plants normal water can all be collected in the desulfurizing tower and be regarded as make-up water, include: circulating cooling tower drain water, reverse osmosis concentrated water, acid-base waste water, ground washing water and the like. Therefore, the desulfurization wastewater has the characteristics of high salt content, strong corrosivity, excessive heavy metal standard, high turbidity and the like. The desulfurization wastewater has complex components and great treatment difficulty.
The 1 st announcement attachment of the ministry of environmental protection in 2017, the regulations on the pollution control of wastewater from power plants in the technical policy of pollution control of thermal power plants: the water pollution prevention and control of the thermal power plant (I) should follow the principles of classified treatment and one-water multi-purpose. The heat-engine plant is encouraged to realize the treatment process which is encouraged to adopt the circulation use without discharging the wastewater and the evaporation drying, and realize the non-discharging of the desulfurization wastewater, and the desulfurization wastewater (IV) is suitable for recycling after being treated by the processes of lime treatment, coagulation, clarification, neutralization and the like. And encourages the adoption of treatment processes such as evaporation drying or evaporation crystallization and the like to realize the non-discharge of the desulfurization wastewater.
In 2017, the department of environmental protection issued a technical guideline on feasibility of pollution control in thermal power plants (HJ 2301-2017), and the technical guideline indicates two recommended technical routes for zero emission of desulfurization wastewater: the first is a flue gas waste heat spray evaporation drying technology, and the second is a high-salinity wastewater evaporation crystallization technology.
At present, domestic and foreign desulfurization wastewater treatment methods are many:
process analysis of zero-emission advanced treatment of desulfurization wastewater in Asahandong article number 1671-
Ajurte desulfurization wastewater: the desulfurization wastewater is neutralized, coagulated, precipitated and softened, then enters a seed crystal type vertical pipe falling film evaporator for concentration, and finally enters a forced circulation crystallizer for crystallization.
Zero discharge of the Wiliya desulfurization waste water, evaporation and crystallization technology, similar main process to that of the achite, concentration by a falling film evaporator and forced circulation crystallizer.
Feasibility analysis of desulfurization wastewater flue evaporation zero-emission treatment, Combrete institute of dynamics and engineering institute of Chongqing university science, institute of dynamics and engineering, document No. 1674-: the higher the flue gas inlet temperature is, the faster the particle evaporation speed is, and when the flue gas temperature is 130 ℃, the wastewater can be completely evaporated before entering the dust remover. When the temperature of the flue gas is 110, 115, 120 and the like, the waste water cannot be completely evaporated. For example, at 110 degrees, the amount of residual liquid is about 67% in total. It is considered that only 33% of the design amount was evaporated.
Various domestic research institutions and environmental protection enterprises have also applied for a plurality of patents in the aspect in recent years, and related equipment is put into production in power plants.
Such as: CN106167283A coal fired power plant desulfurization waste water flue spraying evaporation zero release processing apparatus and method. The device is positioned in a horizontal flue between an air preheater and a flue gas cooler, primary flue gas at the outlet of the air preheater, hot secondary air and a certain proportion of inlet hot flue gas adherent jet flow are utilized to quickly evaporate jet flow or liquid drops atomized by a desulfurization wastewater atomization component, so that salt in the desulfurization wastewater is crystallized and separated out, and crystallized salt particles are adsorbed and condensed in the flue gas cooling process and are removed in a synergistic manner in an electrostatic dust collector, thereby realizing zero emission of the desulfurization wastewater of the coal-fired power plant. The advantages are that: the flue spray evaporation method is more clearly illustrated, and the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized. The disadvantages are as follows: the operation condition when the boiler load changes is not considered, and the evaporation of a large amount of desulfurization waste water when the flue gas temperature is lower than 130 ℃ can cause the excessive reduction of the flue gas temperature and the increase of the flue gas humidity, and the subsequent flue and equipment corrosion can be caused, so that the method is not suitable for the variable-load coal-fired boiler of the power plant.
CN105502540A A method for treating scaling and corrosion resistant desulfurization waste water by multi-effect evaporation concentration crystallization discloses a method for treating scaling and corrosion resistant desulfurization waste water by multi-effect evaporation concentration crystallization, which has the advantages that: the scaling tendency of the desulfurization wastewater is reduced, and the phenomena that heat transfer is influenced due to scaling, corrosion ions corrode a heat exchange tube of an evaporation chamber and the like are avoided; and simultaneously, the waste steam of the coal-fired power plant is utilized to carry out multi-effect vacuum evaporation, concentration and crystallization on the desulfurization wastewater, and secondary industrial salt byproducts are generated, so that zero discharge of the desulfurization wastewater is realized. The disadvantages are as follows: firstly, the desulfurization wastewater needs to be softened by adding chemicals and removed by turbidity, and the operation cost is high; secondly, when the boiler operates under variable load, the exhaust steam amount is small, high-quality steam needs to be supplemented for heating and evaporation, and the operation cost is increased; thirdly, the crystalline product cannot be used as industrial salt. GB T5462-2015 Industrial salt Regulation: the standard is suitable for industrial salt prepared from seawater (containing coastal underground brine), salt extracted from lake salt or salt lake brine or underground brine as raw materials; nineteenth treatise on salt industry management: salt soil, saltpeter soil, industrial waste residues and waste liquid are forbidden to be utilized for processing and preparing salt.
CN105948364A a desulfurization waste water zero release processing system based on bypass flue evaporation provides a desulfurization waste water zero release processing system based on bypass flue evaporation, including second grade deposit pretreatment system, two membrane method concentration decrement systems, bypass flue evaporation system, desulfurization waste water gets into two membrane method concentration decrement systems after two grade deposit pretreatment system handles, introduces the concentrated water behind two membrane method concentration decrement systems handles the bypass flue evaporation system. The advantages are that: the secondary precipitation pretreatment system can remove suspended solid particles, heavy metals, SO42 & lt- & gt and the like, fully soften water quality and reduce the risk of membrane scaling in a concentration reduction system; the double-membrane concentration and reduction system effectively reduces the water load entering the bypass flue system and reduces the influence on the boiler efficiency; the bypass flue utilizes high-temperature flue gas, saves energy consumption, effectively reduces the operation cost and realizes zero discharge of desulfurization waste water. The disadvantages are as follows: the wastewater is softened for many times, and the cost for adding the medicament is very high; the bypass flue utilizes high-temperature flue gas to evaporate and crystallize, so that the heat efficiency of the boiler is actually reduced, and the operation cost is increased.
Comparing the above-mentioned national environmental protection policy, papers, inventions, etc., we can draw the following conclusions: the desulfurization wastewater zero-discharge treatment technology is feasible, the policy guidance direction is correct, but in practical application, high operation energy consumption (including medicament cost, electric cost, steam cost and the like) is an important reason that the projects cannot be popularized; in addition, the large unit boilers of most power plants in China are in variable load operation conditions, at the moment, flue spraying cannot be normally used, the amount of desulfurization wastewater is large, and the flue gas temperature is too low due to low-temperature spraying of large water amount, so that follow-up equipment and flues can be corroded.
How to reduce the working costs of desulfurization waste water treatment process to the utmost extent, how to guarantee that power plant boiler is when variable load operation, desulfurization waste water zero release system's steady operation is the problem that present environmental protection enterprise and power plant use unit need solve urgently.
The invention combines the actual working condition of variable load operation of the power station boiler, carries out systematic optimization design from several main high-operation energy consumption modules of flue gas waste heat recovery, desulfurization wastewater pretreatment, concentration and reduction after pretreatment and strong brine crystallization treatment, and realizes zero emission of desulfurization wastewater by completely using the flue gas waste heat after an air preheater as a vaporization heat source except for necessary power consumption.
An effective solution to the problems in the related art has not been proposed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the related art, the invention provides a power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero-discharge system, which aims to overcome the technical problems in the prior related art.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system comprises an adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device, a desulfurization wastewater evaporation and concentration system using waste heat as a heat source, a desulfurization wastewater pretreatment system and a system for finally treating concentrated desulfurization wastewater to zero discharge;
wherein, the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device comprises a water tank, a cooling drainage pump, a cooling drainage electric valve, an internal circulation water pump, a heating water supplementing valve, an overpressure and non-condensable gas discharge valve, a steam collection tank water distributor, a steam collection tank, a flue gas/water convection heat exchange tube bundle, a water collection tank, an external circulation water pump and a single-shell double-tube pass desulfurization waste water heater, wherein the water tank is respectively connected with the water collection tank through the cooling drainage pump, the cooling drainage electric valve, the internal circulation water pump and the heating water supplementing valve, the cooling drainage pump and the cooling drainage electric valve form a loop, the cooling drainage electric valve is connected with the steam collection tank, the overpressure and non-condensable gas discharge valve is connected with the top end of the steam collection tank, the steam collection tank water distributor is positioned in the steam collection tank, and the steam collection tank is connected with the water collection tank through the flue gas/water convection heat exchange, the water collection tank is connected with the single-shell pass double-tube pass desulfurization wastewater heater through the external circulating water pump, and the steam collection tank is connected with the single-shell pass double-tube pass desulfurization wastewater heater;
wherein the desulfurization wastewater evaporative concentration system using the waste heat as the heat source is composed of a single-shell pass double-tube pass desulfurization wastewater heater, a desulfurization wastewater single-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump, a desulfurization wastewater single-effect flash evaporation device, a single-shell pass single-tube pass double-effect desulfurization wastewater heater, a desulfurization wastewater double-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump, a desulfurization wastewater double-effect flash evaporation device, a desulfurization wastewater concentrated solution discharge pump, a flash steam cooler, a condensate water tank, a condensate water discharge pump and a desulfurization concentrated water reconcentrator, the single-shell pass double-tube pass desulfurization wastewater heater is connected with the desulfurization wastewater single-effect flash evaporation device through the desulfurization wastewater single-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump, the desulfurization wastewater single-effect flash evaporation device is connected with the single-shell pass single-tube pass double-effect desulfurization wastewater heater and the desulfurization wastewater double-effect flash evaporation device, the desulfurization waste water double-effect flash evaporation device is connected with the flash steam cooler, the flash steam cooler is connected with the condensate water tank, and the desulfurization waste water double-effect flash evaporation device is connected with the desulfurization concentrated water reconcentrator through the desulfurization waste water concentrated solution discharge pump;
the desulfurization wastewater pretreatment system comprises a desulfurization wastewater water supply pump, a sedimentation tank and an aeration tank, wherein the sedimentation tank is connected with the desulfurization wastewater one-effect flash evaporation device through the desulfurization wastewater water supply pump, and the sedimentation tank is connected with the aeration tank.
Further, the system for finally treating the concentrated desulfurization wastewater to zero emission consists of a low-temperature flue spraying evaporation crystallization treatment mode FD1, a fly ash solidification landfill treatment mode FD2 and a sludge dewatered landfill treatment SFD 1.
Furthermore, the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system has two main working states, wherein one working state is a working state in which liquid hot water is used as circulating water when the flue gas is at a high temperature; one is a working state that the inner part of the heat exchange tube bundle and the upper steam collecting tank are in a steam form and the inner part of the water collecting tank is in a liquid hot water form when the smoke is at low temperature.
Furthermore, the concentration and decrement of the desulfurization wastewater adopt a multi-effect low-temperature flash evaporation and concentration system matched with a flue gas waste heat recovery device.
Furthermore, the amount of the concentrated and reduced desulfurization wastewater is 10 percent of the emission amount of the desulfurization wastewater, and the final treatment of a small amount of concentrated wastewater adopts one of an atomization spray gun, a flue evaporation system and a fly ash solidification landfill technology.
Furthermore, the device of the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system is not uniformly limited to a desulfurization wastewater zero-discharge system, and can be used for reverse osmosis concentrated water of a power plant and concentrated water in a seawater desalination process.
Furthermore, the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device is suitable for heat exchange devices such as a boiler low-temperature economizer and the like.
Further, when the boiler operates under a stable working condition, the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device recycles 2 tons/hour of steam.
Further, the flash steam cooler is of a circulating cooling water structure.
Furthermore, a vacuum pump is arranged at the top end of the condensed water tank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the problems that a plurality of desulfurization waste water flue direct injection systems designed in the past can not operate, the heat exchange quantity of the flue gas waste heat recovery device designed in the past is insufficient, and normal operation can not be caused by low-temperature acid dew point corrosion when the load of a boiler changes are solved. The system can be conveniently adjusted through the system, the influence of boiler load adjustment automatically carried out along with power grid load change on a coal-fired boiler of a plurality of power plants on a boiler tail flue gas waste heat recovery device and a desulfurization flash evaporation concentration system is adapted, and the waste heat recovery system and the low-temperature flash evaporation concentration system are stable in integral operation.
2. When the temperature of the flue gas changes greatly and the temperature is very low, the wall surface temperature of the waste heat recovery device and the temperature difference of the flue gas are automatically adjusted, so that the waste heat exchange quantity is basically unchanged, and the energy-saving effect is higher.
3. The waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized, the operating cost of wastewater treatment is reduced, the evaporation capacity of the desulfurization wastewater is reduced, and the water supplement amount of a desulfurization system is reduced.
4. The desulfurization wastewater does not need chemical dosing pretreatment, pH value adjustment, hardness removal, heavy metal removal, flocculating agent and coagulant aid addition, and the operation cost is saved.
5. In the waste heat recovery process of low load and low temperature state of the boiler, the system can well keep the temperature of the whole pipe wall of the flue gas heat exchange pipe bundle consistent, automatically adjust the temperature to be in a low-smoke acid dew point corrosion region, and has no working condition with special design requirements; meanwhile, compared with a common economizer, the control of the low smoke acid dew point corrosion interval greatly prolongs the service life of equipment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a desulfurization wastewater zero-discharge system of a variable-load coal-fired boiler of a power plant according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
1. a water tank; 2. cooling and draining the water pump; 3. a cooling and draining electric valve; 4. an internal circulation water pump; 5. heating water supply valve; 6. overpressure and non-condensable gas discharge valves; 7. a steam collection tank water distributor; 8. a steam collection box; 9. a flue gas/water convective heat exchange tube bundle; 10. a water collection tank; 11. an external water circulation pump; 12. a single-shell pass double-tube pass desulfurization waste water heater; 13. a circulating pump of the desulfurization wastewater one-effect flash evaporation device; 14. a desulfurization wastewater one-effect flash evaporation device; 15. a single-shell pass single-tube pass double-effect desulfurization waste water heater; 16. a circulating pump of a desulfurization wastewater double-effect flash evaporation device; 17. a desulfurization wastewater double-effect flash evaporation device; 18. a desulfurization wastewater concentrated solution discharge pump; 19. a flash steam cooler; 20. a condensed water tank; 21. a condensed water discharge pump; 22. a desulfurization concentrated water re-concentrator; 23. a desulfurization wastewater feed pump; 24. a sedimentation tank; 25. an aeration tank.
Detailed Description
For further explanation of the various embodiments, the drawings which form a part of the disclosure and which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of operation of the embodiments, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the various embodiments and advantages of the invention, and, by reference to these figures, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which are not to scale and wherein like reference numerals generally refer to like elements.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the zero discharge system of the desulfurization wastewater of the variable-load coal-fired boiler of the power plant is provided.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero-emission system according to the embodiment of the invention includes an adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery system device 101, a desulfurization wastewater evaporative concentration system 102 using waste heat as a heat source, a desulfurization wastewater pretreatment system 103, and a zero-emission system 104 for finally treating concentrated desulfurization wastewater;
wherein, the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device 101 is composed of a water tank 1, a cooling drainage pump 2, a cooling drainage electric valve 3, an internal circulation water pump 4, a heating water supplementing valve 5, an overpressure and non-condensable gas discharge valve 6, a steam collection tank water distributor 7, a steam collection tank 8, a flue gas/water convection heat exchange tube bundle 9, a water collection tank 10, an external circulation water pump 11 and a single-shell double-tube pass desulfurization waste water heater 12, the water tank 1 is respectively connected with the water collection tank 10 through the cooling drainage pump 2, the cooling drainage electric valve 3, the internal circulation water pump 4 and the heating water supplementing valve 5, the cooling drainage pump 2 and the cooling drainage electric valve 3 form a loop, the cooling drainage electric valve 3 is connected with the steam collection tank 8, the overpressure and non-condensable gas discharge valve 6 is connected with the top end of the steam collection tank 8, the steam collection tank water distributor 7 is positioned inside the steam collection tank 8, the steam collection box 8 is connected with the water collection box 10 through the flue gas/water convection heat exchange tube bundle 9, the water collection box 10 is connected with the single-shell-pass double-tube-pass desulfurization waste water heater 12 through the external circulation water pump 11, and the steam collection box 8 is connected with the single-shell-pass double-tube-pass desulfurization waste water heater 12;
wherein the desulfurization wastewater evaporative concentration system 102 using waste heat as a heat source is composed of a single-shell pass double-tube pass desulfurization wastewater heater 12, a desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump 13, a desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device 14, a single-shell pass single-tube pass double-effect desulfurization wastewater heater 15, a desulfurization wastewater second-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump 16, a desulfurization wastewater second-effect flash evaporation device 17, a desulfurization wastewater concentrated solution discharge pump 18, a flash vapor cooler 19, a condensate water tank 20, a condensate water discharge pump 21 and a desulfurization concentrated water reconcentrator 22, the single-shell pass double-tube pass desulfurization wastewater heater 12 is connected with the desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device 14 through the desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump 13, the desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device 14 is connected with the single-shell pass single-tube pass double-effect desulfurization wastewater heater 15 and the desulfurization wastewater second-effect flash evaporation device 17, the single-shell-pass single-tube-pass two-effect desulfurization wastewater heater 15 is connected with the desulfurization wastewater two-effect flash evaporation device 17, the desulfurization wastewater two-effect flash evaporation device 17 is connected with the flash steam cooler 19, the flash steam cooler 19 is connected with the condensate water tank 20, and the desulfurization wastewater two-effect flash evaporation device 17 is connected with the desulfurization concentrated water reconcentrator 22 through the desulfurization wastewater concentrated solution discharge pump 18;
the desulfurization wastewater pretreatment system 103 is composed of a desulfurization wastewater feed pump 23, a sedimentation tank 24 and an aeration tank 25, wherein the sedimentation tank 24 is connected with the desulfurization wastewater one-effect flash evaporation device 14 through the desulfurization wastewater feed pump 23, and the sedimentation tank 24 is connected with the aeration tank 25.
In one embodiment, the final treatment of the concentrated desulfurization wastewater to zero-emission system 104 is composed of a low-temperature flue spray evaporation crystallization treatment mode FD1, a fly ash solidification landfill treatment mode FD2 and a dewatered sludge landfill treatment SFD 1.
In one embodiment, the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device 101 has two main working states, one is a working state in which liquid hot water is used as circulating water when the flue gas is at a high temperature; one is a working state that the inner part of the heat exchange tube bundle and the upper steam collecting tank are in a steam form and the inner part of the water collecting tank is in a liquid hot water form when the smoke is at low temperature.
In one embodiment, the concentration and reduction of the desulfurization wastewater adopts a multi-effect low-temperature flash evaporation and evaporation concentration system matched with a flue gas waste heat recovery device.
In one embodiment, the amount of the desulfurization wastewater after concentration and reduction is 10% of the emission amount of the desulfurization wastewater, and the final treatment of a small amount of concentrated wastewater adopts one of an atomization spray gun, a flue evaporation system and a fly ash solidification and landfill technology.
In one embodiment, the adjustable low temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device 101 is not limited to a desulfurization waste water zero discharge system, and can be used for reverse osmosis concentrated water of a power plant and concentrated water of a seawater desalination process.
In one embodiment, the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device 101 is suitable for heat exchange devices such as a boiler low-temperature economizer.
In one embodiment, when the boiler operates under a stable working condition, the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device 101 recovers 2 tons/hour of steam.
In one embodiment, the flash steam cooler 19 is a circulating cooling water structure.
In one embodiment, a vacuum pump is disposed at the top end of the condensed water tank 20.
The working principle is as follows:
the flue gas waste heat recovery device main body consists of a steam collecting tank 8, a flue gas/water convection heat exchange tube bundle 9, a water collecting tank 10 and internal accessories. The flue gas waste heat recovery device is arranged behind the dry dust collector and in front of the desulfurizing tower, and is convenient to install and maintain. The heat exchange tube bundle is arranged in the direction vertical to the ground, and the flue gas horizontally scours and flows through the heat exchange tube bundle. Because the temperature of the flue gas (100-.
1. When the flue gas is in the high temperature zone, i.e. the boiler is at design load:
the inside of the heat exchange device is desalted water, circulating water passes through the heat exchange tube bundle 9 by using the circulating pump 11, and the circulating water absorbs waste heat in high-temperature flue gas in the heat exchange tube bundle 9 through heat exchange of the tube wall to become high-temperature hot water. The desalted water after absorbing heat is sent to a waste heat utilization device: a single shell pass double tube pass desulfurization waste water heater 12. The circulating hot water is on the shell side, and the desulfurization waste water is in the tube bundle. The circulating water transfers heat to the desulfurization wastewater, the temperature is reduced, and the low-temperature desalted water returns to the heat exchange tube bundle to absorb the flue gas waste heat again to become high-temperature water. The circulation is carried out, and the heat absorption and heat release processes of waste heat utilization are completed.
2. When the flue gas changes from high temperature to low temperature, namely the boiler is under low load:
the heat exchange device starts to operate in a full water state, and the operating condition is the design load condition of the boiler. And when the temperature of the flue gas is detected to be reduced, the internal circulating pump 4, the electric valve 3 and the low-temperature drainage pump 2 are started in sequence. The cryopump 2 discharges the circulating water into the water tank 1. At this time, the amount of water in the waste heat recovery device decreases, and a negative pressure is formed when the water is full and the water is short. The proportional relation between the vacuum degree of negative pressure and the drainage range in constant volume and the proportional relation between the vacuum degree and the evaporation temperature range (an ideal gas state equation can be referred). Therefore, by controlling the amount of water discharged, the evaporation temperature of the desalted water in the heat exchange device can be adjusted. For example, when the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 120 ℃, the pressure in the heat exchange device can be reduced to 0.07MPa by draining, and the evaporation temperature in the heat exchange device can be controlled to 95 ℃. So as to increase the heat exchange temperature difference and enhance the heat exchange effect. And after the temperature adjustment is finished, closing the low-temperature drainage pump 2 and the electric valve 3 in sequence. At this time, the working state in the heat exchange tube bundle is as follows: the circulation pump 4 circulates steam/water in the waste heat recovery device, and the pump 11 recovers condensed water in the waste heat utilization device. The low-temperature circulating water after backflow is sent to a steam collection tank water distributor 7 in a steam collection tank 8 through a circulating pump, and the steam collection tank water distributor 7 can uniformly distribute the water in a heat exchange tube bundle 9 and downwards flow into a water collection tank 10 along the wall of the tube. During the flowing process, the flue gas heats the flue gas to form steam, and the steam rises to a steam collecting box along the center of a heating pipe. The steam flows to the heater 12 automatically by means of the negative pressure generated in the condensation process after the steam heats the desulfurization wastewater in the desulfurization wastewater heater 12, and the condensed water is conveyed back to the waste heat recovery device by the circulating pump 11 to complete the circulation.
3. When the flue gas changes from low temperature to high temperature, namely the load of the boiler changes from low to high:
the electric valve 5 is opened, and the water in the water tank 1 is returned to the pump inlet by the negative pressure in the device, so that the water tank is restored to a full water state. And recovering the design operation condition of the flue gas waste heat device. In whole adjustment process, the noncondensable gas of circulating water can spill over from the aquatic, and the existence of noncondensable gas can influence rivers and heat transfer effect, consequently is equipped with noncondensable gas discharge port 6 and carries out the getting rid of noncondensable gas, and the vacuum pump exhaust need be connected to the necessary time.
Waste water pretreatment device
The desulfurization wastewater is from FGDW, and is desulfurized by a calcium desulfurization tower. The desulfurization wastewater pretreatment required by the invention mainly comprises two processes of aeration and preliminary precipitation. The desulfurization waste water passes through the aeration tank 25 and the sedimentation tank 24 in sequence and is conveyed to the evaporation and concentration device 14 by the desulfurization waste water feed pump 23. The aeration can be selected from various suitable mature application modes, and the design basis is that the calcium sulfite oxidation effect inside the desulfurizing tower is taken as the design basis. The design of the sedimentation tank 24 can also adopt various mature technologies, and the content of solid particles in the effluent is controlled to be less than 3 percent.
Three, multiple-effect low-temperature vacuum evaporation concentration device
The multi-effect low-temperature vacuum evaporation and concentration device has been widely applied at home and abroad, the multi-effect evaporation device utilized by the invention can adopt 2-4-effect evaporation, and the description is carried out according to the configuration of the double-effect evaporation device for convenient description and understanding. Double-effect evaporation plant includes: the device comprises a single-shell-pass double-tube-pass desulfurization wastewater heater 12, a desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump 13, a desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device 14, a single-shell-pass single-tube-pass double-effect desulfurization wastewater heater 15, a desulfurization wastewater second-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump 16, a desulfurization wastewater second-effect flash evaporation device 17, a desulfurization wastewater concentrated solution discharge pump 18, a flash steam cooler 19, a condensate water tank 20, a condensate water discharge pump 21 and a desulfurization concentrated water reconcentrator 22.
The evaporation process is as follows: the supernatant of the desulfurization waste water passing through the sedimentation tank 24 is sent into the one-effect flash evaporator 14 by a desulfurization waste water feed pump 23, and the input point is below the evaporation liquid level. The desulfurization wastewater input into the desulfurization wastewater and the water after flash evaporation in the flash evaporation device are conveyed into a single-shell-pass double-tube-pass desulfurization wastewater heater 12 by a circulating pump 13 (the purpose of selecting the single-shell-pass double-tube-pass heater is to ensure that the low-temperature water after heat exchange of the waste heat recovery device keeps a higher temperature and avoid low-temperature acid dew point corrosion during heat exchange with flue gas), and the desulfurization wastewater passing through the heater 12 is heated to a designed temperature, such as 90 ℃. 90-degree high-temperature water enters the flash evaporation device 14, a steam space is arranged on the inlet side of hot desulfurization wastewater of the flash evaporation device, the absolute pressure of the steam space is 0.07MPa, and the boiling point of the water at the moment is 90 degrees, so that the heated desulfurization wastewater enters the flash evaporation device 14 and then is boiled and evaporated, and secondary steam after evaporation flows into the secondary heating device 15 along the top steam pipeline and serves as a heat source of secondary evaporation. In order to fully utilize the heat of the secondary steam, the heating device 15 adopts a single-shell-pass single-tube-pass heating mode; the temperature of the desulfurization waste water after the first-effect low-temperature flash evaporation is reduced, and the desulfurization waste water enters from the steam space at the upper part of the second-effect flash evaporation device 17 through a pipeline at the bottom of the device by means of the pressure difference between the first-effect flash evaporation device and the second-effect flash evaporation device to continue evaporation and concentration. The absolute pressure of the vapor space of the two-effect flash unit was 0.02 MPa, at which point the boiling point of the solution was about 60 degrees. The working process of the two-effect flash evaporation device is the same as that of the one-effect flash evaporation device. The evaporated concentrated solution is sent to a concentrated water reconcentrator 22 by a concentrated solution discharge pump 18 for final waste heat flash evaporation, cooling and precipitation. All flash steam has fine quality at the evaporative concentration in-process, can regard as the raw water use in boiler shop, reduces power plant's industrial water consumption: the steam generated by the evaporation of the desulfurization waste water is cooled and collected in the condensate water tank, the steam amount of the double-effect flash evaporation is large, the steam needs to be cooled by circulating water of a cooling tower of a power plant through the flash evaporation steam cooler 19 to become condensate water, the steam generated by the double-effect evaporation is cooled by the desulfurization water in the double-effect desulfurization waste water heater 15 to become the condensate water, and the condensate water formed by directly using a small amount of flash evaporation steam in the desulfurization concentrate reconcentrator 22 in the condensate water tank is sent to a pool or each water consumption point in a plant by the pump 21.
Fourthly, final treatment of concentrated water
In the concentrated water reconcentrator 22, the concentrated precipitate is collected from the bottom and discharged to SFD1 sludge for dehydration treatment, and the concentrated supernatant can be subjected to FD1 as a low-temperature flue evaporation crystallization treatment mode: the invention of the company: CN110894083B "a modified atomizing spray gun and flue evaporation system"; the fly ash can also be subjected to FD2 for solidification and landfill treatment or other treatment modes.
In conclusion, the technical scheme of the invention solves the problems that many desulfurization waste water flue direct injection systems designed in the prior art cannot operate, the flue gas waste heat recovery devices designed in the prior art have insufficient heat exchange amount, and the flue gas waste heat recovery devices cannot operate normally due to low-temperature acid dew point corrosion when the load of a boiler changes. The system can be conveniently adjusted through the system, the influence of boiler load adjustment automatically performed along with the change of power grid load of coal-fired boilers of a plurality of power plants on a flue gas waste heat recovery device at the tail part of the boiler and a desulfurization flash evaporation concentration system is adapted, and the waste heat recovery system and the low-temperature flash evaporation concentration system are enabled to integrally operate stably; when the temperature of the flue gas is changed greatly and the temperature is very low, the temperature difference between the wall surface temperature of the waste heat recovery device and the temperature of the flue gas is automatically adjusted, so that the heat exchange quantity of the waste heat is basically unchanged, and a higher energy-saving effect is achieved; the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized, the operation cost of wastewater treatment is reduced, the evaporation capacity of the desulfurization wastewater is reduced, and the water supplement amount of a desulfurization system is reduced; the desulfurization wastewater does not need chemical adding pretreatment, pH value adjustment, hardness removal, heavy metal removal, flocculating agent and coagulant aid addition, so that the operation cost is saved; in the waste heat recovery process of low load and low temperature state of the boiler, the system can well keep the temperature of the whole pipe wall of the flue gas heat exchange pipe bundle consistent, automatically adjust the temperature to be in a low-smoke acid dew point corrosion region, and has no working condition with special design requirements; meanwhile, compared with a common economizer, the control of the low smoke acid dew point corrosion interval greatly prolongs the service life of equipment.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero-emission system is characterized by comprising an adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device (101), a desulfurization wastewater evaporation and concentration system (102) using waste heat as a heat source, a desulfurization wastewater pretreatment system (103) and a zero-emission system (104) for finally treating concentrated desulfurization wastewater;
wherein the adjustable low-temperature flue gas waste heat recycling system device (101) is composed of a water tank (1), a cooling drainage pump (2), a cooling drainage electric valve (3), an internal circulation water pump (4), a heating water supplementing valve (5), an overpressure and non-condensable gas discharge valve (6), a steam collection tank water distributor (7), a steam collection tank (8), a flue gas/water convection heat exchange tube bundle (9), a water collection tank (10), an external circulation water pump (11) and a single-shell double-tube pass desulfurization waste water heater (12), the water tank (1) is respectively connected with the water collection tank (10) through the cooling drainage pump (2), the cooling drainage electric valve (3), the internal circulation water pump (4) and the heating water supplementing valve (5), the cooling drainage pump (2) and the cooling drainage electric valve (3) form a loop, and the cooling drainage electric valve (3) is connected with the steam collection tank (8), the overpressure and non-condensable gas discharge valve (6) is connected to the top end of the steam collection box (8), the steam collection box water distributor (7) is located inside the steam collection box (8), the steam collection box (8) is connected with the water collection box (10) through the flue gas/water convection heat exchange tube bundle (9), the water collection box (10) is connected with the single-shell-pass double-tube-pass desulfurization wastewater heater (12) through the external circulation water pump (11), and the steam collection box (8) is connected with the single-shell-pass double-tube-pass desulfurization wastewater heater (12);
the desulfurization wastewater evaporative concentration system (102) using waste heat as a heat source comprises a single-shell-pass double-tube-pass desulfurization wastewater heater (12), a desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump (13), a desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device (14), a single-shell-pass single-tube-pass double-effect desulfurization wastewater heater (15), a desulfurization wastewater second-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump (16), a desulfurization wastewater second-effect flash evaporation device (17), a desulfurization wastewater concentrated solution discharge pump (18), a flash evaporation steam cooler (19), a condensate water tank (20), a condensate water discharge pump (21) and a desulfurization concentrated water reconcentrator (22), wherein the single-shell-pass double-tube-pass desulfurization wastewater heater (12) is connected with the desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device circulating pump (13), the desulfurization wastewater first-effect flash evaporation device (14) is connected with the single-shell-pass single-tube-pass double-effect desulfurization wastewater heater (15) and the desulfurization wastewater second-effect flash evaporation device (17) The single-shell-pass single-tube-pass two-effect desulfurization waste water heater (15) is connected with the desulfurization waste water two-effect flash evaporation device (17), the desulfurization waste water two-effect flash evaporation device (17) is connected with the flash steam cooler (19), the flash steam cooler (19) is connected with the condensate water tank (20), and the desulfurization waste water two-effect flash evaporation device (17) is connected with the desulfurization concentrated water reconcentrator (22) through the desulfurization waste water concentrated solution discharge pump (18);
the desulfurization wastewater pretreatment system (103) is composed of a desulfurization wastewater water supply pump (23), a sedimentation tank (24) and an aeration tank (25), wherein the sedimentation tank (24) is connected with the desulfurization wastewater one-effect flash evaporation device (14) through the desulfurization wastewater water supply pump (23), and the sedimentation tank (24) is connected with the aeration tank (25).
2. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero-emission system according to claim 1, characterized in that the final treatment to zero-emission system (104) of the concentrated desulfurization wastewater is composed of a low-temperature flue spray evaporation crystallization treatment mode FD1, a fly ash solidification landfill treatment mode FD2 and a sludge dewatered landfill treatment SFD 1.
3. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustable low temperature flue gas waste heat recovery and utilization system device (101) has two main working states, one is a working state with liquid hot water as circulating water state when the flue gas is at high temperature; one is a working state that the inner part of the heat exchange tube bundle and the upper steam collecting tank are in a steam form and the inner part of the water collecting tank is in a liquid hot water form when the smoke is at low temperature.
4. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero-emission system according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration and reduction of desulfurization wastewater adopts a multi-effect low-temperature flash evaporation and evaporation concentration system matched with a flue gas waste heat recovery device.
5. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of desulfurization wastewater after concentration and reduction is 10% of the desulfurization wastewater discharge amount, and the final treatment of a small amount of concentrated wastewater adopts one of an atomization spray gun, a flue evaporation system and a fly ash solidification landfill technology.
6. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustable low temperature flue gas waste heat recovery system device (101) is not limited to desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system, and can be used for reverse osmosis concentrated water of power plant and concentrated water of sea water desalination process.
7. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustable low temperature flue gas waste heat recovery system device (101) is suitable for heat exchange devices such as boiler low temperature economizers.
8. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the boiler operates under a stable working condition, the adjustable low temperature flue gas waste heat recovery utilization system device (101) recovers 2 tons/hour of steam.
9. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that the flash steam cooler (19) is a circulating cooling water structure.
10. The power plant variable load coal-fired boiler desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that a vacuum pump is arranged on the top end of the condensed water tank (20).
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