CN112124511A - Device and method for measuring head-to-tail draft lines of ships in port - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring head-to-tail draft lines of ships in port Download PDFInfo
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- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
- B63B39/12—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude for indicating draught or load
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the head-tail draft line of a ship in a port, wherein the device comprises a cantilever mounting mechanism, an image acquisition mechanism, a supporting mechanism, a laser range finder, a connecting rod angle adjusting device and a plurality of lateral thrusters, the laser range finder is fixed at the bottom of the balance adjusting device, the lifting of a connecting line is controlled according to the measuring signal of the laser range finder, the connecting rod angle adjusting device is used for adjusting the relative angle between a telescopic connecting rod and the balance adjusting device and comprises a columnar electromagnet, a spring and a hemispherical cap which are sequentially connected, the lateral thrusters are arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the balance adjusting device at equal intervals, and each lateral thruster is independently controlled. The device can effectively prevent the device from being immersed in water through the laser range finder, can improve the stability and the accuracy of head and tail draft measurement through the connecting rod angle adjusting device, can carry out measurement at any position of a ship through the lateral thruster, and further improves the accuracy of water gauge measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement of displacement of ships berthing in ports, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the head-to-tail draft lines of ships in ports.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, the marine transportation industry has been developed vigorously, more and more ships are sailing on the water, the ships can stop at wharfs in the operation process, and the wharfs can charge different fees due to different ship types and different loaded goods. The method for measuring the weight of the ship by using the water gauge is one of the main methods for measuring the goods in the marine industry, and is widely applied to bulk solid commodities with low value and difficult weight balance, such as coal, iron ore, cement, grain and the like. The ship water gauge weighing method has the characteristics of simplicity, rapidness, labor saving, high accuracy and efficiency, the weight of the cargo loaded on the ship can be rapidly calculated by the method, and the calculation result can be used as the basis for commodity handover settlement, claim settlement, freight calculation and customs clearance and tax calculation. Therefore, people provide a method for weighing and charging the water gauge, namely, a water gauge public estimator drives a boat to identify and estimate the waterline, waves fluctuate greatly due to the influence of factors such as water quality, seasons and weather, the labor intensity of workers and the difficulty of identifying the water gauge are increased, the accuracy cannot be guaranteed, and the result that a shipper, a harbor party and a purchasing party are satisfied at the same time is difficult to ensure, so that an objective detection system is designed, and the automatic detection of the waterline becomes the problem to be solved urgently.
Chinese patent CN109808851A discloses a boats and ships side weight mechanical device based on video identification, the fixed subassembly of centre gripping through cantilever device is fixed in on the hull topside, then slowly put down image acquisition device through the connecting wire, and the picture that passes back through image acquisition device observes the whereabouts condition, stop when can observing the draught condition, open triangular prism electro-magnet switch, make image acquisition device fix on the outer deck of hull, thereby shoot the angle through rotatable camera adjustment, accomplish the observation to the ship draught condition, a structure is simple, the operation is reliable. However, practice shows that the device is only suitable for measuring the waterline at the position of a parallel middle body of a ship, and as for places with large curvature change of the bow and the stern and visual blind areas, the device is difficult to bear the measurement work, and the following problems mainly exist: (1) the camera is easy to be soaked in water in the process of lowering the image acquisition device; (2) when the camera is lowered to the position above the water surface, the draft image to be collected is not easy to adjust to the position at the center of the collection window; (3) because the bow floats outwards, the triangular prism electromagnet is far away from the hull outer plate and is difficult to adsorb to the outer plate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the defects of the prior art are overcome, and provides a device and a method for measuring the head and tail draft lines of ships in ports.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a device for measuring the head and tail waterlines of ships in ports comprises a cantilever mounting mechanism, an image acquisition mechanism and a supporting mechanism; the cantilever mounting mechanism is fixedly connected with the ship board side to be tested and is connected with the image acquisition mechanism through a connecting wire, and the height of the image acquisition mechanism is adjusted by adjusting the length of the connecting wire; the image acquisition mechanism comprises a balance adjustment device and a camera, the balance adjustment device is used for ensuring that the image acquisition mechanism is always in a balance state, and the camera is mounted at the bottom of the balance adjustment device and used for shooting the draft information of the ship to be measured; the supporting mechanisms are arranged in a plurality of groups along the circumferential direction of the image acquisition mechanism, each group of supporting mechanisms comprises a telescopic connecting rod and a triangular prism electromagnet, one end of the telescopic connecting rod is hinged with the balance adjusting device through a first joint, the other end of the telescopic connecting rod is hinged with the triangular prism electromagnet through a second joint, and the triangular prism electromagnet is located at the outermost end and is used for being connected with a shipboard side of a ship to be measured;
the image acquisition mechanism further comprises a laser range finder which is fixed at the bottom of the balance adjusting device and controls the lifting of the connecting wire according to a measurement signal of the laser range finder;
each group of supporting mechanisms further comprises a connecting rod angle adjusting device, the connecting rod angle adjusting device is used for adjusting the relative angle between the telescopic connecting rod and the balance adjusting device, and the connecting rod angle adjusting device comprises a columnar electromagnet, a spring and a hemispherical cap which are sequentially connected; the first joint is provided with a first rotating shaft and a hemispherical cap hole, the connecting rod angle adjusting device is positioned in the hemispherical cap hole, and the hemispherical cap can extend out of the hemispherical cap hole; the side surface of the lower part of the balance adjusting device is correspondingly provided with a mounting plate of the supporting mechanism along the circumferential direction, the mounting plate is provided with a first rotating shaft hole, a plurality of first limiting holes are formed along the circumferential direction of the first rotating shaft hole, a first rotating shaft on a first joint is assembled with the first rotating shaft hole on the mounting plate to realize hinging, and a hemispherical cap in the first joint can be inserted into one of the first limiting holes to realize the fixation of the telescopic connecting rod; when the columnar electromagnet is powered on, the hemispherical cap compresses the spring to withdraw from the first limiting hole under the action of magnetic force, the angle of the telescopic connecting rod can be adjusted at the moment, and when the columnar electromagnet is powered off, the hemispherical cap is inserted into the first limiting hole under the action of resilience force of the spring to realize the positioning of the telescopic connecting rod;
the measuring device further comprises a plurality of lateral thrusters, the lateral thrusters are arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the balance adjusting device at equal intervals, and each lateral thruster is independently controlled.
In the above scheme, each group of supporting mechanisms further comprises an electromagnet angle adjusting device, and the electromagnet angle adjusting device is used for adjusting the relative angle between the telescopic connecting rod and the triangular prism electromagnet.
In the above scheme, the second joint is provided with a second rotating shaft and an elastic bulge; the lower end of the electromagnet angle adjusting device is fixedly connected with the triangular prism electromagnet, the upper end of the electromagnet angle adjusting device is provided with a second rotating shaft hole, two second limiting holes are formed along the circumferential direction of the second rotating shaft hole, and the connecting lines of the two second limiting holes and the second rotating shaft hole are mutually vertical; the second rotating shaft on the second joint is hinged to the second rotating shaft hole in an assembling mode, and the elastic bulge can be inserted into one of the second limiting holes to achieve positioning of the triangular prism electromagnet.
In the scheme, the laser range finder comprises a common magnet base, a laser emitting and installing machine and a data transmission and intelligent control early warning system; the laser range finder is fixed on the bottom plane of the horizontal adjusting chassis of the balance adjusting device through a common magnet base at the tail of the laser range finder; and when the distance between the laser range finder and the water surface reaches a set value, the data transmission and intelligent control early warning system sends an alarm.
In the above scheme, the lateral propeller comprises a bearing and a paddle wing, and the lateral propeller is installed between the two telescopic connecting rods through the bearing.
In the above scheme, measuring device still includes the receiver, measuring device is when accomodating the state, image acquisition mechanism, retractable connecting rod and triangular prism electro-magnet three axial are parallel to each other, and measuring device is whole to be put in the receiver.
In the above scheme, the telescopic connecting rod comprises a sleeve, a telescopic rod and a telescopic valve, wherein one end of the telescopic rod is arranged in the sleeve, and the telescopic rod can move along the sleeve and is fastened through the telescopic valve; the first joint is arranged at the end part of the sleeve, and the second joint is arranged at the end part of the telescopic rod.
In the scheme, the cantilever mounting mechanism comprises a square tube, a fixed pulley, a separation winding pulley, a permanent magnet base and a connecting wire; the permanent magnet base is arranged below the tail part of the square pipe, and the cantilever mounting mechanism is fixed on the side of the ship board to be tested through the permanent magnet base; the separating winding pulley is arranged in the tail box of the square tube and comprises an electric wire pulley and a connecting wire pulley, and the electric wire pulley and the connecting wire pulley are connected through a gear; the fixed pulley is arranged at the front end of the square pipe; one end of the connecting wire is wound on the connecting wire pulley, and the other end of the connecting wire is connected with the balance adjusting device after passing around the fixed pulley; one end of the wire is wound on the connecting wire pulley, and the other end of the wire is connected with the columnar electromagnet and the triangular prism electromagnet after passing around the fixed pulley; the release and recovery of the connecting wire and the electric wire are realized by rotating the electric wire pulley or the connecting wire pulley.
In the scheme, the balance adjusting device comprises a shell, a level gauge, an adjusting compass, a horizontal adjusting chassis and a screw cap; the shell is installed on the horizontal adjusting chassis, the level gauge is arranged on the upper end face of the shell, a through hole is formed in the middle of the shell, the large end of the adjusting compass is located inside the shell, the small end of the adjusting compass extends out of the through hole in the middle of the shell, the aperture of the through hole in the middle of the shell is larger than the outer diameter of the small end of the adjusting compass, the nut sleeve is arranged at the small end of the adjusting compass, and the balance state of the balance adjusting device is controlled by unscrewing the nut and adjusting the horizontal position of the adjusting compass.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a method for measuring the head-to-tail draft line of a ship in the port, which is carried out by adopting the measuring device and comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a cantilever mounting mechanism: taking out the whole measuring device from the storage box, and fixing one end of the cantilever mounting mechanism on a side outer plate of the ship to be measured;
s2, adjusting a supporting mechanism: electrifying the connecting rod angle adjusting device, pulling the supporting mechanism to the periphery, adjusting the telescopic connecting rod to a proper length, and adjusting the angle of the triangular prism electromagnet by the electromagnet angle adjusting device to enable the triangular prism electromagnet to be adjusted from a storage state to a working state;
s3, adjusting the balance of the measuring device: adjusting the device to be horizontal by a balance adjusting device;
s4, collecting waterline: the image acquisition mechanism is slowly lowered, the falling condition is observed under the condition that the pictures returned by the camera are matched with the laser range finder, and the falling is stopped when the draught condition can be clearly observed through the returned images; controlling the image acquisition mechanism to be close to the ship side as much as possible through a lateral thruster according to needs, and then controlling the triangular prism electromagnets close to the ship plate to be adsorbed on the surface of the outer plate; finally, the connecting rod angle adjusting device is electrified according to actual conditions, the height of the image acquisition mechanism is finely adjusted through the telescopic connecting wire, so that the draft image to be acquired is located at the center of the acquisition window, and the draft data is acquired by the camera at the moment;
s5, recovery measuring device: after the collection is completed, the triangular prism electromagnet is disconnected, the image collection mechanism is recovered, and the support mechanism is integrally adjusted to a storage state from a working state and then is placed into the storage box together with the cantilever installation mechanism.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the device, the laser range finder is additionally arranged at the bottom of the image acquisition mechanism, and when the image acquisition mechanism is lowered to a set distance from the water surface, the motor for separating the winding pulley is controlled to stop running, so that the device can be effectively prevented from being soaked in water. The camera is used with the cooperation of laser range finder, can make image acquisition mechanism transfer to predetermineeing the position safely.
2. Through install connecting rod angle adjusting device additional between retractable connecting rod and balance adjustment device, transfer to suitable position after image acquisition mechanism, further finely tune the position of camera, make the draft image of gathering be located acquisition window central point and put to improve head and the tail draft measurement's stability and accuracy nature.
3. Install a plurality of independent propellers additional in balancing unit side, to the broadside of head and the tail leanin through side direction propeller messenger mechanism take place lateral motion to make the device fix on hull outer deck, can solve the influence that boats and ships head and the tail special shape brought to boats and ships displacement measurement, can measure at the optional position of boats and ships, further improved the measuring accuracy nature of water gauge.
4. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, simple operation, low cost, reliable operation and easy storage.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration view of a device for measuring the fore-aft draft line of a ship in a port according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a cantilever mounting mechanism of the measuring device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the image acquisition mechanism, support mechanism and lateral thruster of the measurement apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the balance adjusting device of the image pickup mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a laser rangefinder of the image acquisition mechanism;
FIG. 7 is a structural view of a link angle adjusting device of the support mechanism;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the telescoping links of the support mechanism;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the telescoping linkage and balance adjustment mechanism;
FIG. 10 is a view showing the construction of the retractable linkage, the electromagnet angle adjusting means, and the triangular prism electromagnet;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a side thruster;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of a storage state of the measuring apparatus shown in fig. 1.
In the figure: 10. a cantilever mounting mechanism; 11. a square tube; 12. a fixed pulley; 13. separating the winding pulley; 131. a wire pulley; 132. a connecting wire pulley; 14. a permanent magnet base; 15. a connecting wire;
20. an image acquisition mechanism; 21. a balance adjustment device; 211. a housing; 212. a level gauge; 213. an adjusting compass; 214. a horizontal adjustment chassis; 215. a nut; 216. a first mounting plate; 217. a second mounting plate; 218. a first spindle hole; 219. a first limit hole; 22. a camera; 23. a laser range finder; 231. a common magnet base; 232. a switch; 233. laser emission installation; 234. a data display screen; 235. a data transmission and intelligent control early warning system;
30. a support mechanism; 31. a connecting rod angle adjusting device; 311. a columnar electromagnet; 312. a spring; 313. a hemispherical cap; 32. a telescopic connecting rod; 321. a sleeve; 322. a telescopic rod; 323. a telescoping valve; 324. a first joint; 3241. a first rotating shaft; 3242. a hemispherical cap hole; 325. a second joint; 3251. a second rotating shaft; 3252. an elastic bulge; 33. an electromagnet angle adjusting device; 331. a second spindle hole; 332. a second limiting hole; 34. a triangular prism electromagnet;
40. a lateral thruster; 41. a bearing; 42. a paddle wing;
50. an accommodating box.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the device for measuring the water line of a ship in a port from head to tail provided by the invention comprises a cantilever mounting mechanism 10, an image acquisition mechanism 20, a support mechanism 30 and a lateral thruster 40. The cantilever mounting mechanism 10 is fixedly connected with the ship side to be tested and is connected with the image acquisition mechanism 20 through a connecting wire 15, and the height of the image acquisition mechanism 20 is adjusted by adjusting the length of the connecting wire 15. The supporting mechanisms 30 are uniformly arranged in multiple groups along the circumferential direction of the image acquisition mechanism 20, and are used for connecting the image acquisition mechanism 20 with the shipboard side to be measured during measurement so as to provide a stable working environment for the shipboard side to be measured. The lateral thrusters 40 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the image acquisition mechanism 20, are used for measuring the water gauge of the head and tail sides of the ship, can perform vector intelligent control, enable the device to move in any direction as required, and overcome the influence of the complex shape of the ship on the measurement of the water discharge amount.
As shown in fig. 3, the cantilever mounting mechanism 10 includes an aluminum alloy square tube 11, a fixed pulley 12, a separation wire winding pulley 13, a permanent magnet base 14, and a connecting wire 15. The permanent magnet base 14 is arranged below the tail part of the square pipe 11, and the cantilever installation mechanism 10 is dually fixed on the ship board side to be tested through the nut and the permanent magnet base 14, so that the stability in working is ensured. The separation winding pulley 13 is arranged in the tail box of the square tube 11 and comprises an electric wire pulley 131 and a connecting wire pulley 132, and the electric wire pulley 131 is connected with the connecting wire pulley 132 through a gear. The fixed pulley 12 is provided at the front end of the square tube 11. One end of the connecting wire 15 is wound on the connecting wire pulley 132, and the other end of the connecting wire is connected with the balance adjusting device 21 after passing around the fixed pulley 12; one end of the wire is wound around the connecting wire pulley 132, and the other end of the wire is connected to the columnar electromagnet and the triangular prism electromagnet after passing around the fixed pulley 12. The release and recovery of the connection wire 15 and the wire is achieved by rotating the wire pulley 131 or the connection wire pulley 132.
As shown in fig. 4, the image pickup mechanism 20 includes a balance adjustment device 21, a camera 22, and a laser range finder 23. The balance adjustment device 21 is located at the center of the image capturing mechanism 20 for ensuring that the device is always in a balanced state. The camera 22 is installed at the bottom of the balance adjusting device 21 and used for shooting the draft information of the ship to be measured and transmitting the acquired image signal to the terminal in a wireless mode. Laser range finder 23 is installed in balanced adjusting device 21 bottom, can monitor the device and put the in-process camera 22 distance apart from the surface of water under, also can control the condition that the device surpassed operating personnel field of vision scope, can prevent that the device from touching water or soaking water carelessly.
As shown in fig. 5, the balance adjusting means 21 includes a housing 211, a level 212, an adjusting compass 213, a leveling chassis 214, and a nut 215. The shell 211 is installed on the horizontal adjusting chassis 214, the level gauge 212 is arranged on the upper end face of the shell 211, a through hole is formed in the middle of the shell 211, the large end of the adjusting compass 213 is located inside the shell 211, the small end of the adjusting compass extends out of the through hole in the middle of the shell 211, and the connecting wire 15 is connected with the small end of the adjusting compass 213. The aperture of the through hole in the middle of the housing 211 is larger than the outer diameter of the small end of the adjusting compass 213, that is, a gap is left between the small end and the through hole, so that the adjusting compass 213 can move left and right to adjust balance, the nut 215 is sleeved on the small end of the adjusting compass 213, and the horizontal position of the adjusting compass 213 is adjusted by unscrewing the nut 215, so that the connecting wire 15 passes through the center of the measuring device, and the measuring device keeps balance.
The lower side of the horizontal adjusting chassis 214 is correspondingly provided with mounting plates of the supporting mechanism 30 along the circumferential direction, each group of mounting plates comprises a first mounting plate 216 and a second mounting plate 217 which are oppositely arranged, first rotating shaft holes 218 are formed in the first mounting plate 216 and the second mounting plate 217, and a plurality of first limiting holes 219 are formed in the second mounting plate 217 along the circumferential direction of the first rotating shaft holes 218.
As shown in fig. 6, the laser distance measuring device 23 includes a common magnet base 231, a switch 232, a laser emitting device 233, a data display 234, and a data transmission and intelligent control early warning system 235. The laser distance measuring device 23 is fixed on the bottom plane of the horizontal adjusting chassis 214 of the balance adjusting device 21 through a common magnet base 231 at the tail part thereof.
With continued reference to fig. 4, each set of support mechanisms 30 includes a link angle adjustment device 31, a telescoping link 32, an electromagnet angle adjustment device 33, and a triangular prism electromagnet 34. As shown in fig. 7, the link angle adjusting device 31 includes a cylindrical electromagnet 311, a spring 312, and a hemispherical cap 313, which are connected in sequence. As shown in fig. 8, the retractable linkage 32 includes a sleeve 321, a retractable rod 322, a retractable valve 323, a first joint 324 and a second joint 325, wherein one end of the retractable rod 322 is disposed in the sleeve 321, the retractable rod 322 can move along the sleeve 321 and is fastened by the retractable valve 323, the first joint 324 is mounted at an end of the sleeve 321, and the second joint 325 is mounted at an end of the retractable rod 322. The first joint 324 is provided with a first rotating shaft 3241 and a hemispherical cap hole 3242, the link angle adjusting means 31 is located in the hemispherical cap hole 3242, and the hemispherical cap 313 may protrude from the hemispherical cap hole 3242. The second connector 325 is provided with a second shaft 3251 and an elastic protrusion 3252.
As shown in fig. 9, the connection manner of the telescopic link 32 and the balance adjusting device 21 is as follows: the first joint 324 is arranged between the first mounting plate 216 and the second mounting plate 217, the first rotating shaft 3241 on the first joint 324 is assembled with the first rotating shaft holes 218 on the two mounting plates to realize hinge joint, and the hemispherical cap 313 in the first joint 324 can be inserted into one of the first limiting holes 219 to realize the fixing of the telescopic connecting rod 32. When the columnar electromagnet 311 is powered on, the hemispherical cap 313 compresses the spring 312 to withdraw from the first limiting hole 219 under the action of magnetic force, at the moment, the telescopic connecting rod 32 can be adjusted to a proper angle, then the columnar electromagnet 311 is powered off, and the hemispherical cap 313 is inserted into the other first limiting hole 219 under the action of resilience force of the spring 312 to realize positioning again.
As shown in fig. 10, the connection between the telescopic link 32 and the triangular prism electromagnet 34 is as follows: electromagnet angle adjusting device 33 lower extreme and triangular prism electro-magnet 34 fixed connection, the draw-in groove is seted up to electromagnet angle adjusting device 33 upper end, the draw-in groove divides electromagnet angle adjusting device 33 into two lamella bodies, second pivot hole 331 has all been seted up on two lamella bodies, two spacing holes 332 of second are seted up along second pivot hole 331 circumference to one of them lamella body, the line mutually perpendicular of two spacing holes 332 of second and second pivot hole 331, second pivot 3251 on the second connects 325 is articulated with second pivot hole 331 assembly realization, elastic bulge 3252 can insert in one of them spacing hole 332 of second, realize triangular prism electro-magnet 34's fixed. Before use, the elastic protrusion 3252 is pressed and the triangular prism-shaped electromagnet 34 is rotated, and after a predetermined angle is reached, the small ball is ejected, so that the triangular prism-shaped electromagnet 34 is fixed to the telescopic link 32. When in use, the triangular prism electromagnet 34 rotates to the axis vertical to the telescopic connecting rod 32; in the stored state, the triangular prism electromagnet 34 rotates to have an axis parallel to the telescopic link 32.
On one hand, the supporting mechanism 30 is firmly adsorbed on the outer plate of the ship to be measured through the triangular prism electromagnet 34, so that a stable working environment is provided for the camera 22; on the other hand, the height of the camera 22 can be finely adjusted when the image acquisition mechanism 20 is placed at the preliminary predetermined position according to actual needs, so that the draft image to be acquired is located at the center of the acquisition window as much as possible.
As shown in fig. 11, the lateral thruster 40 comprises a bearing 41 and a paddle 42, the lateral thruster 40 being mounted between the two telescopic links 32 by means of the bearing 41.
As shown in fig. 12, the measuring apparatus further includes a storage box 50, and when the measuring apparatus is in the storage state, the axes of the image capturing mechanism 20, the retractable link 32, and the triangular prism-shaped electromagnet 34 are parallel to each other, and the whole measuring apparatus is placed in the storage box 50. Adopt retractable connecting rod 32 can reduce shared space when out of work, be convenient for accomodate.
Further preferably, in the present embodiment, three groups of the supporting mechanisms 30 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the balance adjusting device 21, three triangular prism electromagnets 34 are first close to the hull plate when not energized, the triangular prism electromagnets 34 can be attached to the plate when any side of the measuring device faces the hull plate, and the triangular prism electromagnets are firmly fixed to the hull plate after being energized. Correspondingly, three lateral thrusters 40 are provided.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a method for measuring the head-to-tail draft line of a ship in the port, which is carried out by adopting the measuring device and comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the cantilever mounting mechanism 10: one end of the cantilever mounting mechanism 10 is fixed on a side outer plate of a ship to be measured by utilizing a nut and a permanent magnet base 14;
s2, adjusting the support mechanism 30: electrifying the connecting rod angle adjusting device 31 and pulling the supporting mechanism 30 to the periphery to adjust the supporting mechanism from the storage state to the working state, adjusting the telescopic connecting rod 32 to a proper length, and adjusting the angle of the triangular prism electromagnet 34 by the electromagnet angle adjusting device 33 to adjust the supporting mechanism from the storage state to the working state;
s3, adjusting the balance of the measuring device: the device is adjusted to be horizontal by a balance adjustment device 21;
s4, collecting waterline: slowly lowering the image acquisition mechanism 20, observing the falling condition by matching the pictures returned by the camera 22 and the laser range finder 23, and stopping falling when the draught condition can be clearly observed by the returned images; controlling the image acquisition mechanism 20 to be close to the ship side as much as possible through the lateral thruster 40 according to requirements, and then controlling the two triangular prism electromagnets 34 close to the ship plate to be adsorbed on the surface of the outer plate; finally, the connecting rod angle adjusting device 31 is electrified according to actual conditions, the height of the image acquisition mechanism 20 is finely adjusted through the telescopic connecting wire 15, so that the draft image to be acquired is located at the center of the acquisition window, and the draft data is acquired by the camera 22 at the moment;
s5, recovery measuring device: after completion of the collection, the triangular prism electromagnet 34 is turned off, the image collection mechanism 20 is collected, and the entire support mechanism 30 is adjusted from the operating state to the storage state, and then placed in the storage box 50 together with the cantilever mounting mechanism 10.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A device for measuring the head and tail waterlines of ships in ports comprises a cantilever mounting mechanism, an image acquisition mechanism and a supporting mechanism; the cantilever mounting mechanism is fixedly connected with the ship board side to be tested and is connected with the image acquisition mechanism through a connecting wire, and the height of the image acquisition mechanism is adjusted by adjusting the length of the connecting wire; the image acquisition mechanism comprises a balance adjustment device and a camera, the balance adjustment device is used for ensuring that the image acquisition mechanism is always in a balance state, and the camera is mounted at the bottom of the balance adjustment device and used for shooting the draft information of the ship to be measured; the supporting mechanisms are arranged in a plurality of groups along the circumferential direction of the image acquisition mechanism, each group of supporting mechanisms comprises a telescopic connecting rod and a triangular prism electromagnet, one end of the telescopic connecting rod is hinged with the balance adjusting device through a first joint, the other end of the telescopic connecting rod is hinged with the triangular prism electromagnet through a second joint, and the triangular prism electromagnet is located at the outermost end and is used for being connected with a shipboard side of a ship to be measured; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the image acquisition mechanism further comprises a laser range finder which is fixed at the bottom of the balance adjusting device and controls the lifting of the connecting wire according to a measurement signal of the laser range finder;
each group of supporting mechanisms further comprises a connecting rod angle adjusting device, the connecting rod angle adjusting device is used for adjusting the relative angle between the telescopic connecting rod and the balance adjusting device, and the connecting rod angle adjusting device comprises a columnar electromagnet, a spring and a hemispherical cap which are sequentially connected; the first joint is provided with a first rotating shaft and a hemispherical cap hole, the connecting rod angle adjusting device is positioned in the hemispherical cap hole, and the hemispherical cap can extend out of the hemispherical cap hole; the side surface of the lower part of the balance adjusting device is correspondingly provided with a mounting plate of the supporting mechanism along the circumferential direction, the mounting plate is provided with a first rotating shaft hole, a plurality of first limiting holes are formed along the circumferential direction of the first rotating shaft hole, a first rotating shaft on a first joint is assembled with the first rotating shaft hole on the mounting plate to realize hinging, and a hemispherical cap in the first joint can be inserted into one of the first limiting holes to realize the fixation of the telescopic connecting rod; when the columnar electromagnet is powered on, the hemispherical cap compresses the spring to withdraw from the first limiting hole under the action of magnetic force, the angle of the telescopic connecting rod can be adjusted at the moment, and when the columnar electromagnet is powered off, the hemispherical cap is inserted into the first limiting hole under the action of resilience force of the spring to realize the positioning of the telescopic connecting rod;
the measuring device further comprises a plurality of lateral thrusters, the lateral thrusters are arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the balance adjusting device at equal intervals, and each lateral thruster is independently controlled.
2. The device for measuring the fore-aft waterline of a ship in a port as recited in claim 1, wherein each set of support mechanisms further comprises an electromagnet angle adjusting device for adjusting the relative angle between the retractable connecting rod and the triangular prism electromagnet.
3. The device for measuring the fore-aft waterline of a ship in a port according to claim 2, wherein a second rotating shaft and an elastic bulge are arranged on the second joint; the lower end of the electromagnet angle adjusting device is fixedly connected with the triangular prism electromagnet, the upper end of the electromagnet angle adjusting device is provided with a second rotating shaft hole, two second limiting holes are formed along the circumferential direction of the second rotating shaft hole, and the connecting lines of the two second limiting holes and the second rotating shaft hole are mutually vertical; the second rotating shaft on the second joint is hinged to the second rotating shaft hole in an assembling mode, and the elastic bulge can be inserted into one of the second limiting holes to achieve positioning of the triangular prism electromagnet.
4. The device for measuring the fore-aft waterline of a ship in a port according to claim 1, wherein the laser range finder comprises a common magnet base, a laser emission installation machine and a data transmission and intelligent control early warning system; the laser range finder is fixed on the bottom plane of the horizontal adjusting chassis of the balance adjusting device through a common magnet base at the tail of the laser range finder; and when the distance between the laser range finder and the water surface reaches a set value, the data transmission and intelligent control early warning system sends an alarm.
5. The device for measuring the fore-aft waterline of a ship in a port as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lateral thruster includes a bearing and a paddle, and is mounted between two telescopic links through the bearing.
6. The device for measuring the fore-aft draft line of a ship in a port according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a storage box, when the device is in a storage state, the image acquisition mechanism, the telescopic connecting rod and the triangular prism electromagnet are axially parallel to each other, and the whole device is placed in the storage box.
7. The device for measuring the head-to-tail draft line of a ship in a port according to claim 1, wherein the telescopic connecting rod comprises a sleeve, a telescopic rod and a telescopic valve, one end of the telescopic rod is arranged in the sleeve, and the telescopic rod can move along the sleeve and is fastened through the telescopic valve; the first joint is arranged at the end part of the sleeve, and the second joint is arranged at the end part of the telescopic rod.
8. The device for measuring the head-to-tail draft line of a ship in a port according to claim 1, wherein the cantilever mounting mechanism comprises a square pipe, a fixed pulley, a separation winding pulley, a permanent magnet base and a connecting wire; the permanent magnet base is arranged below the tail part of the square pipe, and the cantilever mounting mechanism is fixed on the side of the ship board to be tested through the permanent magnet base; the separating winding pulley is arranged in the tail box of the square tube and comprises an electric wire pulley and a connecting wire pulley, and the electric wire pulley and the connecting wire pulley are connected through a gear; the fixed pulley is arranged at the front end of the square pipe; one end of the connecting wire is wound on the connecting wire pulley, and the other end of the connecting wire is connected with the balance adjusting device after passing around the fixed pulley; one end of the wire is wound on the connecting wire pulley, and the other end of the wire is connected with the columnar electromagnet and the triangular prism electromagnet after passing around the fixed pulley; the release and recovery of the connecting wire and the electric wire are realized by rotating the electric wire pulley or the connecting wire pulley.
9. The device for measuring the fore-aft waterline of a ship in a port according to claim 1, wherein the balance adjusting device comprises a shell, a level gauge, an adjusting compass, a level adjusting chassis and a screw cap; the shell is installed on the horizontal adjusting chassis, the level gauge is arranged on the upper end face of the shell, a through hole is formed in the middle of the shell, the large end of the adjusting compass is located inside the shell, the small end of the adjusting compass extends out of the through hole in the middle of the shell, the aperture of the through hole in the middle of the shell is larger than the outer diameter of the small end of the adjusting compass, the nut sleeve is arranged at the small end of the adjusting compass, and the balance state of the balance adjusting device is controlled by unscrewing the nut and adjusting the horizontal position of the adjusting compass.
10. A method for measuring the fore-aft waterline of a ship in a port, which is characterized by adopting the measuring device of claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a cantilever mounting mechanism: taking out the whole measuring device from the storage box, and fixing one end of the cantilever mounting mechanism on a side outer plate of the ship to be measured;
s2, adjusting a supporting mechanism: electrifying the connecting rod angle adjusting device, pulling the supporting mechanism to the periphery, adjusting the telescopic connecting rod to a proper length, and adjusting the angle of the triangular prism electromagnet by the electromagnet angle adjusting device to enable the triangular prism electromagnet to be adjusted from a storage state to a working state;
s3, adjusting the balance of the measuring device: adjusting the device to be horizontal by a balance adjusting device;
s4, collecting waterline: the image acquisition mechanism is slowly lowered, the falling condition is observed under the condition that the pictures returned by the camera are matched with the laser range finder, and the falling is stopped when the draught condition can be clearly observed through the returned images; controlling the image acquisition mechanism to be close to the ship side as much as possible through a lateral thruster according to needs, and then controlling the triangular prism electromagnets close to the ship plate to be adsorbed on the surface of the outer plate; finally, the connecting rod angle adjusting device is electrified according to actual conditions, the height of the image acquisition mechanism is finely adjusted through the telescopic connecting wire, so that the draft image to be acquired is located at the center of the acquisition window, and the draft data is acquired by the camera at the moment;
s5, recovery measuring device: after the collection is completed, the triangular prism electromagnet is disconnected, the image collection mechanism is recovered, and the support mechanism is integrally adjusted to a storage state from a working state and then is placed into the storage box together with the cantilever installation mechanism.
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