CN112121307A - Medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device - Google Patents

Medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112121307A
CN112121307A CN202010797024.XA CN202010797024A CN112121307A CN 112121307 A CN112121307 A CN 112121307A CN 202010797024 A CN202010797024 A CN 202010797024A CN 112121307 A CN112121307 A CN 112121307A
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coaxial cable
conductor
voltage
electrode needle
power supply
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谢斐
吴斌
张有干
陈永刚
陈新华
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Hangzhou Ruidi Biotechnology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Ruidi Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/38Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
    • A61N1/39Heart defibrillators
    • A61N1/3906Heart defibrillators characterised by the form of the shockwave
    • A61N1/3912Output circuitry therefor, e.g. switches
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/38Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
    • A61N1/39Heart defibrillators
    • A61N1/395Heart defibrillators for treating atrial fibrillation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/38Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
    • A61N1/39Heart defibrillators
    • A61N1/3968Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device used in the field of medical instruments. The invention provides a medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device, which comprises a grounding high-voltage power supply, a current-limiting resistor, a circuit formed by connecting an electrode needle anode contact and an electrode needle cathode contact in series, an air switch, a first coaxial cable and a second coaxial cable, wherein the air switch comprises two conductors with pointed ends, the distance between the two pointed ends is adjustable, central copper wires of the two coaxial cables are connected in series, the other ends of the central copper wires of the two coaxial cables are respectively connected with a current-limiting resistor output circuit and a conductor, the two ends of a mesh-shaped conducting layer of the first coaxial cable are connected with a high-voltage power supply cathode and an electrode needle cathode contact, and the two ends of a mesh-shaped conducting layer of the second coaxial cable are connected with the electrode needle anode contact and the other conductor. The invention can accurately adjust the pulse amplitude, does not need preheating, and has low working temperature and small volume.

Description

Medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-voltage pulse generator in the field of medical instruments, in particular to a medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device.
Background
Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias that can trigger stroke with high morbidity, recurrence, disability and mortality rates and low cure rates. The treatment of atrial fibrillation mainly recovers the sinus rhythm of the heart, and the currently achieved pulmonary vein isolation through catheter Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA) is considered as the mainstream method for treating atrial fibrillation, but the ablation mechanism has many problems due to the thermal effect of radio frequency current: 1) long ablation time 2) high recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation after surgery 3) risk of thrombus formation on the surface of the intima after ablation 4) unsatisfactory ablation transmural properties 5) possible gas explosion during surgery 6) narrowing of the pulmonary vein ostia after ablation 7) coronary stenosis 8) phrenic nerve paralysis 9) atrioesophageal fistula, all of which are present in varying degrees clinically and may lead to serious consequences or even death. Although some new technologies such as laser and freezing can partially solve the problems of poor transmural property, high time cost and the like, complications such as local thrombosis, pulmonary vein stenosis, peripheral vascular nerves and other tissue injuries cannot be avoided.
The current development of medical technology for treating atrial fibrillation utilizes Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for ablation, which can release very high electric field energy in a very short time to form irreversible electroporation (IRE) on the plasma membrane, causing leakage of cell contents, which in turn leads to cell death; since PEF ablation has tissue selectivity determined by tissue resistance specificity, the tissue impact on non-target thresholds is minimal. The existing pulsed electric field ablation mainly depends on a pulse generating device to generate adjustable accurate high-voltage electric pulses, and particularly utilizes a hydrogen thyratron as a main discharge switch to control the pulse peak value and frequency and output the required high-voltage pulses to a probe inserted into a heart, but the high-voltage pulse generating device based on the hydrogen thyratron cannot realize accurate pulse adjustment in a fixed pulse width, and needs 20 minutes of preheating before use; the temperature rises seriously during the work, and special heat dissipation treatment needs to be carried out, such as soaking in insulating oil, so that the volume of the generating device is increased, and a great deal of inconvenience is brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a medical high-voltage narrow pulse generator, which aims to solve the technical problems that a high-voltage pulse generator used for PEF ablation can be used only by preheating for a long time, the high-voltage pulse generator generates heat seriously during working and is special in insulating oil heat dissipation, so that the structure is complex, the size is increased and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the utility model provides a narrow pulse generating device of medical high pressure, includes circuit that ground connection high voltage power supply and current-limiting resistor and electrode needle positive pole contact, electrode needle negative pole contact were established ties into, current-limiting resistor connects at high voltage power supply anodally, and electrode needle negative pole contact connects the high voltage power supply negative pole, its characterized in that the circuit still includes air switch and two sections isometric same specification first coaxial cable line, second coaxial cable line, first coaxial cable line and second coaxial cable line all include the netted conducting layer in inboard center copper line and outside, air switch connects on the circuit between current-limiting resistor and the electrode needle positive pole contact, air switch includes two A conductors and the B conductor that take the pointed end, A, B conductor upper cusp just to just the mobile regulation of interval, A, B conductor passes through wire access circuit, and the center copper line of first coaxial cable line and second coaxial cable line passes through the wire and establishes ties, the other end of the central copper wire of the first coaxial cable is connected with the current-limiting resistor output circuit, the other end of the central copper wire of the second coaxial cable is connected with the conductor A, the two ends of the reticular conducting layer of the first coaxial cable are connected with the negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply and the negative electrode contact of the electrode needle, and the two ends of the reticular conducting layer of the second coaxial cable are connected with the positive electrode contact of the electrode needle and the conductor B. The invention adjusts the arc discharge through the distance between the two tips on the air switch to accurately control the voltage amplitude value, realizes the high-voltage nanosecond pulse transmission, can work by the instant discharge of the air switch without preparing for long-time preheating waiting, can keep the working temperature of the device at the room temperature level, does not need insulating oil heat treatment, effectively reduces the appearance volume of the device, and is easy to operate and place in the operating places of hospitals. When the high-voltage pulse generator works, when the charging voltage is large enough to exceed the threshold voltage of the two coaxial cables, the electric arc between the upper pointed ends of the two conductors can break down air, the air switch discharges to form nanosecond high-voltage pulses, the triggering times and the triggering time can be controlled, the follow-up high-voltage nanosecond pulses can be transmitted to the contact points of the positive electrode pin and the negative electrode pin, and then the positive electrode pin and the negative electrode pin discharge to perform pulse ablation. When the distance between the two sharp heads on the air switch is far in use, the voltage and the current of the high-voltage source need to be increased simultaneously so as to ensure that the transmitted coaxial cable has enough energy for charging. In addition, the high-voltage power supply can adopt a kilovolt high voltage converted from a 220V household low voltage and then connected into a circuit. The coaxial cable comprises an inner concentric conductor and an outer concentric conductor which are coaxial, and insulators are wrapped between the concentric conductors and outside the outer conductor, which is the prior art; the first coaxial cable and the second coaxial cable are equal-length cables with the same material specification.
As a further improvement and supplement to the above technical solution, the present invention adopts the following technical measures: the conductor A and the conductor B are respectively arranged on the two installation bases, at least one of the two installation bases is a movable base capable of translating, and the movable base is close to the other installation base through translation so as to adjust the distance between the two tips of the conductor A, B. The two conductors are respectively arranged on the two mounting seats, and at least one of the mounting seats is arranged to be capable of moving in a translation mode so as to change the distance between the two sharp heads to adjust arc discharge and control the voltage amplitude. The two conductors can also be respectively arranged on the two movable seats, and the two movable seats can move horizontally to rapidly change the distance between the two sharp heads to adjust the discharge of the air switch.
The conductor A is arranged on a fixed mounting seat, the conductor B is arranged on a movable seat which translates, the movable seat which translates is sleeved on a rotatable screw rod, an internal thread which is matched with the screw rod is arranged on the movable seat, the fixed mounting seat is arranged on a frame which is connected with one end of the screw rod, and the screw rod is connected with a numerical control stepping motor in a transmission way. The stepping motor through numerical control programming accurately controls the rotation stroke of the screw rod, then the translational sliding of the movable seat on the screw rod is accurately adjusted, so that the conductor B on the movable seat is close to the conductor A which is fixed, and the effect of accurately changing the discharge distance between the upper pointed ends of the two conductors is realized.
The sliding seat bottom is clamped on the sliding table and can move horizontally along the sliding table, and the extending direction of the sliding table corresponds to the length direction of the screw rod. The movable base is clamped on the sliding table to limit the translation direction, and the sliding table and the rotating screw rod act together to ensure that the movable base keeps good stability and directivity in translation.
The conductor A and the conductor B are both made of metal copper. The metal copper used as a conductor has excellent conductivity, better machining characteristics and convenience for processing a required shape and manufacturing an integrally-formed pointed end.
The total length of the first coaxial cable line and the second coaxial cable line is calculated according to the following formula:
propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in cable
Figure 780764DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
=1/
Figure 936939DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
High voltage pulse width t =
Figure 265152DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
L*
Figure 139567DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The characteristic impedance of the first coaxial cable line and the second coaxial cable line is designed to be Z0,Z0=
Figure 578639DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Wherein the high voltage pulse width is in units of nanoseconds; l is the total length of the first coaxial cable and the second coaxial cable in unit meter;
Figure 854900DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
the inductance value is the unit length of the coaxial cable, and the unit is H/m;
Figure 88435DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is the capacitance per unit length of the coaxial cable, i.e. the permittivity, in F/m.
The pulse width is determined by the length of the cable: the longer the cable, the wider the pulse. If the invention needs to output high-voltage pulse with 300 nsec pulse width, the total length of the high-voltage cable calculated by the formula is about 60 meters, wherein the first coaxial cable and the second coaxial cable are 30 meters respectively, and the two transmission lines are completely the same.
The voltage and the current of the high-voltage power supply are adjustable, and the voltage grade of the high-voltage power supply is continuously adjustable in a wide range from 0kV to 10 kV. When the myocardial tissue is ablated, the voltage amplitude needs to be adjusted according to different positions and electrode sizes, and when the high-voltage pulse amplitude with the pulse width of 300 nsec needs to be output, the required voltage range is 0 kV-10 kV.
The invention adjusts the arc discharge through the distance between the two tips on the air switch to accurately control the voltage amplitude value and realize the high-voltage nanosecond pulse transmission, the air switch can work immediately without preparing for long-time preheating waiting, the working temperature of the device can be kept at the room temperature level, the insulating oil heat treatment is not needed, and the appearance volume of the whole pulse generating device is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention is an electrical connection schematic diagram.
FIG. 2: the invention discloses a schematic structure of an air switch.
In the figure: 1. the high-voltage power supply, 2 current-limiting resistors, 3 first coaxial cables, 4 second coaxial cables, 5 air switches, 6 electrode needle positive contacts, 7 electrode needle negative contacts, 8A conductors, 9B conductors, 10 pointed ends, 11 movable seats, 12 fixed seats, 13 lead screws, 14 sliding seats.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following description and embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a medical high-voltage narrow pulse generator includes a circuit formed by connecting a grounding high-voltage power supply 1, a current-limiting resistor 2, an electrode needle positive contact 6 and an electrode needle negative contact 7 in series, wherein the current-limiting resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply, the electrode needle negative contact 7 is connected to the negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply, the circuit further includes an air switch 5, two sections of first coaxial cables 3 and second coaxial cables 4 with the same length and specification, the first coaxial cables 3 and the second coaxial cables 4 both include an inner central copper wire and an outer meshed conductive layer, the air switch is connected to the circuit between the current-limiting resistor 2 and the electrode needle positive contact 6, the air switch 5 includes two conductors a 8 and B9 with a tip 10, in this embodiment, the conductor a conductor 8 and the conductor B9 are made of metallic copper, the tip 10 on the conductor A, B is just opposite to the tip 10 and the distance D is, A. the conductor B is connected into the circuit through a lead, the central copper wires of the first coaxial cable 3 and the second coaxial cable 4 are connected in series through leads, the other end of the central copper wire of the first coaxial cable 3 is connected with the output circuit of the current-limiting resistor 2, the other end of the central copper wire of the second coaxial cable 4 is connected with the conductor A8, the two ends of the reticular conducting layer of the first coaxial cable 4 are connected with the negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply 1 and the negative electrode contact 7 of the electrode needle, and the two ends of the reticular conducting layer of the second coaxial cable 4 are connected with the positive electrode contact 6 of the electrode needle. The voltage and the current of the high-voltage power supply are adjustable, and the voltage grade of the high-voltage power supply is continuously adjustable in a wide range from 0kV to 10 kV.
As shown in fig. 2, conductor a 8 and conductor B9 divide and locate on two insulating mount pads, but one is the sliding seat 11 of translation in two mount pads, another is fixing base 12, and sliding seat 11 is close to the fixing base through the translation in order to adjust the distance between two cusps of A, B conductor, and preferred conductor a 8 establishes on fixed base 12 that is a mount pad of motionless in this embodiment, and conductor B9 establishes on the sliding seat 11 of translation, and the sliding seat cover of translation is put on rotatable lead screw 13, is equipped with the internal thread that matches with lead screw 13 on the sliding seat 11, and the joint in sliding seat 11 bottom can follow the slip table translation on slip table 14 simultaneously, the extending direction and the lead screw length direction of slip table 14 correspond, the fixing base is established in the frame that lead screw one end is connected, the lead screw links to each other with the step motor transmission of numerical control.
When the ablation device works, the positive electrode contact and the negative electrode contact of the electrode needle are connected with one electrode needle respectively in advance, and the two electrode needles are inserted into cardiac tissue to be ablated through the endoscope. When the charging voltage is large enough, the arc breaks down the air switch to form nanosecond-level high-voltage pulse, and the control of the triggering times and the triggering time is realized. High-voltage nanosecond pulses are input to an electrode needle inserted into the cardiac tissue through a catheter, so that the surgical position of the cardiac tissue is ablated. The pulse width is determined by the length of the cable: the longer the cable, the wider the pulse.
By adjusting the distance of the air switch (see fig. 2), it is possible to achieve an adjustment of the amplitude of the pulse. The two conductors of the air switch are made of two metal copper with prongs. When the charging voltage exceeds the threshold voltage of the transmission line cable (i.e., the first coaxial cable line and the second coaxial cable line), the arc breaks through the air and discharges with the air switch. The distance D between the two tips can be accurately controlled by only programming the stepping motor, so that the voltage amplitude can be accurately controlled. When the air switch is far away, the voltage and the current of the high-voltage source need to be increased at the same time, so that the transmission line cable is ensured to have enough energy for charging.
The total length of the first coaxial cable and the second coaxial cable in this embodiment is calculated according to the following formula:
propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in cable
Figure 450146DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
= 1/
Figure 427329DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
High voltage pulse width t =
Figure 558096DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
L*
Figure 228112DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
First coaxial cable and second coaxial cableThe characteristic impedance of the shaft cable is designed to be Z0,Z0=
Figure 77119DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Wherein the high voltage pulse width is in units of nanoseconds; l is the total length of the first coaxial cable and the second coaxial cable in unit meter;
Figure 592414DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
the inductance value is the unit length of the coaxial cable, and the unit is H/m;
Figure 843267DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is the capacitance per unit length of the coaxial cable, i.e. the permittivity, in F/m.
According to the electromagnetic wave transmission theory, the best transmission effect can be achieved only by matching the characteristic impedance of a transmission medium with the impedance of a load in the electromagnetic wave transmission process, and the loss is minimum; ideally, the electromagnetic energy is transmitted by a homogeneous lossless transmission line, for example, to realize a high voltage pulse with a pulse width of 300 nsec, the total length L of the high voltage cable is calculated to be about 60 meters, wherein the length of the first coaxial cable line and the length of the first coaxial cable line are 30 meters each, and the two transmission lines are completely the same.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a narrow pulse generating device of medical high pressure, includes circuit that ground connection high voltage power supply and current-limiting resistor and electrode needle positive pole contact, electrode needle negative pole contact were established ties into, current-limiting resistor connects at high voltage power supply anodally, and electrode needle negative pole contact connects the high voltage power supply negative pole, its characterized in that the circuit still includes air switch and two sections isometric same specification first coaxial cable line, second coaxial cable line, first coaxial cable line and second coaxial cable line all include the netted conducting layer in inboard center copper line and outside, air switch connects on the circuit between current-limiting resistor and the electrode needle positive pole contact, air switch includes two A conductors and the B conductor that take the pointed end, A, B conductor upper cusp just to just the mobile regulation of interval, A, B conductor passes through wire access circuit, and the center copper line of first coaxial cable line and second coaxial cable line passes through the wire and establishes ties, the other end of the central copper wire of the first coaxial cable is connected with the current-limiting resistor output circuit, the other end of the central copper wire of the second coaxial cable is connected with the conductor A, the two ends of the reticular conducting layer of the first coaxial cable are connected with the negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply and the negative electrode contact of the electrode needle, and the two ends of the reticular conducting layer of the second coaxial cable are connected with the positive electrode contact of the electrode needle and the conductor B.
2. The medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device according to claim 1, wherein the conductor A and the conductor B are separately arranged on two mounting seats, at least one of the two mounting seats is a movable seat capable of translating, and the movable seat is close to the other mounting seat through translation so as to adjust A, B the distance between two tips of the conductor.
3. The medical high-voltage narrow pulse generator according to claim 2, wherein the conductor a is disposed on a fixed mounting seat, the conductor B is disposed on a movable seat which is movable in translation, the movable seat which is movable in translation is sleeved on a rotatable lead screw, the movable seat is provided with an internal thread which is matched with the lead screw, the fixed mounting seat is disposed on a frame connected to one end of the lead screw, and the lead screw is in transmission connection with a numerical control stepping motor.
4. The medical high-pressure narrow pulse generator according to claim 3, wherein the bottom of the movable seat is clamped on the sliding table and can move horizontally along the sliding table, and the extending direction of the sliding table corresponds to the length direction of the screw rod.
5. The medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the conductor A and the conductor B are both made of metallic copper.
6. The medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the total length of the first coaxial cable line plus the second coaxial cable line is calculated according to the following formula:
electromagnetic waves in cablesPropagation velocity of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
=1/
Figure 607202DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
High voltage pulse width t =
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
L*
Figure 99364DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The characteristic impedance of the first coaxial cable line and the second coaxial cable line is designed to be Z0,Z0=
Figure 606568DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Wherein the high voltage pulse width is in units of nanoseconds; l is the total length of the first coaxial cable and the second coaxial cable in unit meter;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
the inductance value is the unit length of the coaxial cable, and the unit is H/m;
Figure 678430DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is the capacitance per unit length of the coaxial cable, i.e. the permittivity, in F/m.
7. The medical high-voltage narrow pulse generator according to claim 1, wherein the voltage and current of the high-voltage power supply are adjustable, and the voltage class of the high-voltage power supply is continuously and widely adjustable from 0kV to 10 kV.
CN202010797024.XA 2020-08-10 2020-08-10 Medical high-voltage narrow pulse generating device Pending CN112121307A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114343828A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-04-15 杭州维纳安可医疗科技有限责任公司 Ablation device, control method and control equipment thereof, and storage medium

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CN104635127A (en) * 2015-02-03 2015-05-20 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Temperature and air pressure controllable type laser-induced high voltage discharging simulating system
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CN104635127A (en) * 2015-02-03 2015-05-20 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Temperature and air pressure controllable type laser-induced high voltage discharging simulating system
CN204793619U (en) * 2015-05-20 2015-11-18 云南电网有限责任公司玉溪供电局 Switching device discharges in intelligence ball crack
CN108173534A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-06-15 中国科学院电工研究所 A kind of bipolar transmission line style millimicrosecond pulse generator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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