CN112116855A - Multifunctional skull and maxillofacial bone impact mechanics experimental device - Google Patents
Multifunctional skull and maxillofacial bone impact mechanics experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of biomechanics, in particular to an experimental device for carrying out various, angle and force impacts on human skull and maxillofacial bones, which comprises the following components: the pendulum impact device can replace a ram, an impact force and acceleration measuring system and a multi-angle height adjusting model mounting platform. Aiming at realizing the impact test of human skull and maxillofacial skeleton under different conditions. The experimental device realizes the multi-directional accurate adjustment of the model by additionally arranging the scale spherical hinge and the height adjusting chute on the model mounting platform; the detachable hammer is adopted to realize the collision conditions of different sizes, shapes and materials; and an impact force and acceleration sensor is additionally arranged, so that the acceleration and the impact force can be obtained in an experiment. The experimental device provides more accurate and comprehensive experimental conditions for researching the injury form, tolerance limit, function damage degree and protective measures of human skull and maxillofacial bones. At the same time, the experimental system can be applied to more fields of biomechanics and is not limited to the field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomechanics, and particularly relates to an experimental device for simulating various angles and force impact tests of various types of colliders on human skull and maxillofacial bones.
Background
In various sports or traffic collisions and other accidents, head and maxillofacial injuries are the most common serious injury types, the head injury is one of the main causes of serious injury or death, and the maxillofacial injury is not life-saving, but often causes disfigurement, functional loss, sequelae and the like, and causes serious physical and psychological trauma. Therefore, the research on the injury form, the injury degree, the tolerance limit and the protective measures of the human skull and maxillofacial bones has very important practical significance.
At present, the mechanical analysis of the impact damage of the maxillofacial part is mainly combined by methods such as numerical simulation or simulation experiment. In simulation experiments, commonly used models include human cadaver specimens, animal models, and physical models. Although the human cadaver specimen has the same anatomical structure as the living body and is an ideal experimental model, the human cadaver specimen is rare and expensive, and due to factors such as a preservation method, preservation time and the like, the human cadaver specimen causes tissue degradation and lacks of direct physiological or pathological reaction caused by impact on the body. However, the animal model and the human body model have great differences in structural morphology, stress process and other aspects, and the differences bring deviation to results, so that the quantitative results of animal experiments cannot be directly popularized to human bodies. According to various model forming technologies at present, the physical model can meet the experimental requirements of high manufacturing speed and high precision, and can meet the timeliness and repeatability of the experiment. The material is convenient to store, is beneficial to long-term preservation of experimental results, and avoids experimental errors caused by storage forms and individual differences.
In the experimental method, in the simulation experiment, the device is often only conformed to fix the model to be tested due to the limitation of the experimental device space and technology. In the impact experiment, the collision direction of the equipment is single and fixed, so that the simulation experiment cannot realize better reduction degree and higher precision. If the impact experiment of accurate position is to be realized, a special fixture for fixing the position is needed to control the impact part of the skull and the maxillofacial skeleton. The complicated process and preparation period of the special fixture not only reduce the experimental efficiency, but also increase the additional experimental cost. When the sample size is large, the fixture for preparing each type of sample is obviously not the best experimental choice. And the area and force of impact can only depend on the size, shape and material of the ram. Therefore, there are currently great limitations on the experimental methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an experimental device capable of realizing impact tests of various impacts on a skull and a maxillofacial skeleton at various angles and forces, and aims to solve the existing experimental limitations discussed in the background art so as to meet the experimental research requirements.
Description of problems to be solved
In view of the problems in the experimental methods mentioned in the above discussion, the problems to be solved in the experimental equipment include: 1, realizing impact at various angles. After the human head model is installed on the experimental equipment, the multi-angle adjustment of the model is carried out according to the experimental requirements so as to realize multi-azimuth collision experiment. And 2, realizing replaceable adjustment of the hammer. By adjusting the size of the hammer and changing the impact stress surface, experiments with different stress areas and different impact forces can be carried out; by changing the shape of the hammer, the experiment of the impact of objects with different shapes can be carried out; through changing the material of the ram, the simulation impact experiment of different material objects can be realized.
Second, technical scheme
Aiming at a plurality of problems to be solved, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the model installation platform comprises a model installation platform body, wherein the bottom of the model installation platform body is additionally provided with a spherical hinge, angle scales are marked in three directions, and a height adjusting sliding groove is additionally arranged on the installation platform body of the model, so that the accurate adjustment of the multi-directional angles of the model is realized. And 2, the hammer adopts a detachable installation mode, and is installed by using the slipknots with uniform use forms, so that the replacement of the hammers with different sizes, shapes and materials is realized (the hammers can also be manufactured by self-definition and then are installed in the same mode). And 3, an impact force sensor and an acceleration sensor are additionally arranged, so that impact force and acceleration during impact can be directly measured in an experiment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the experimental device can realize the setting of a plurality of parameters, and provides more accurate and comprehensive experimental conditions for researching the damage form, tolerance limit, function damage degree and protective measures of human skull and maxillofacial bones. 2, the experimental device can test various experimental models, such as physical models, establish three-dimensional numerical models of skull and maxillofacial skeleton based on the image data of human skull CT and MRI required by the experiment, and make use of model making technology (such as 3D printing technology) to prepare and shape the numerical models so as to realize the high similarity with the actually measured human skull and maxillofacial skeleton. Other model making methods can be selected according to different experimental requirements and research needs. 3, the experimental device can be matched with other experimental instruments to test various mechanical parameters of the experimental model, for example, a dynamic non-contact strain test system is used, so that the real-time strain distribution of the model in the experimental process can be tested; an acceleration sensor is additionally arranged on the experimental model, and the acceleration change of the model in the impact process can be measured and used as one of the judgment indexes of the damage degree; a film pressure sensor is arranged in a joint of the experimental model, and the change of the pressure value in the joint in the impact process can be measured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention, and is also a front view of the experimental system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of angle adjustment of a spherical hinge support of a model mounting platform.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the height adjustment of the model mounting platform.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an interchangeable ram.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the installation of the impact force sensor and the acceleration sensor.
In the figure: the tester comprises a full-automatic pendulum impact tester 1, a dial 2, a hammer rod 3, a hammer 4, a detachable buckle 5, an acceleration sensor 6, an acceleration display 7, an impact sensor 8, an impact display 9, a height adjusting chute 10, a model mounting platform 11, a multi-angle adjusting ball hinge 12, an adjusting scale 13 and a tester base 14.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be further described with reference to the impact test of human skull and maxillofacial bone under different impact conditions and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the multifunctional experimental device for impact mechanics of skull and maxillofacial bone comprises: a full-automatic pendulum impact tester (corresponding to 1, 2 and 14 in the figure); replaceable rams (corresponding to figures 3, 4, 5); acceleration measuring systems (corresponding to fig. 6 and 7); an impact force measuring system (corresponding to 8 and 9 in the figure); a model mounting platform height adjusting chute (corresponding to 10 in the figure); the multi-angle adjusting model mounting platform (corresponding to 11, 12 and 13 in the figure).
The experiment is completed by two parts of model making and experiment operation.
Firstly, model making
In order to satisfy the repeatability of the experiment, a physical model was used. And selecting a volunteer meeting experimental requirements, and respectively performing head CT and MRI scanning to obtain relevant data meeting the numerical modeling requirement.
Preferably, the scanned data file is exported in the form of digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) file, which is imported into medical three-dimensional modeling software to build a three-dimensional numerical model.
Furthermore, the experiment adopts a 3D printing model manufacturing method, the established three-dimensional numerical model is exported to be a 3D printing equipment universal format, 3D printing software is imported, printing materials meeting the experiment design requirements are selected, and the three-dimensional entity model required by the experiment is generated through printing.
Further, the surface of the printed three-dimensional solid model is polished and assembled for experiments.
Second, Experimental operation
First, experimental preparation was carried out: the experimental design uses the hammers made of rigid and flexible materials to carry out impact test on the model. Through the design of the initial swinging angle and the mass of the hammer in an impact experiment, the initial impact energy of the hammers made of two materials is the same, and the shape of an impact contact surface is the same. Each hammer test performed a single-sided impact on the same area of the maxillofacial region. The model strain data of the impact process is collected by a dynamic non-contact strain system, the pressure change in the temporomandibular joint in the impact process is obtained by a film pressure sensor, and the acceleration value of the model in the impact process is measured by an acceleration sensor additionally arranged on the experimental model. Before the experiment begins, each model to be tested which is made by the same numerical model is numbered, and the experiment data acquisition system is installed and debugged according to the experiment requirement.
Further, the 3D printed model to be tested is assembled and mounted on the experimental platform according to the physiological position, and is ensured to be fixed, as shown in fig. 1. And marking the installation position information of the model to be tested.
Further, the model angle of the experimental design is adjusted by adjusting the model mounting platform in multiple angles, as shown in fig. 2. And recording the adjusted model angle information.
Further, through the detachable buckle on the ram rod, the ram required by the experimental design is installed on the ram rod, as shown in fig. 4, and during installation, care needs to be taken to avoid contact with the model.
Further, the height required by the experimental design is adjusted through the height adjusting sliding groove of the model mounting platform, as shown in fig. 3. And recording the height position information of the adjusted model.
Firstly, performing impact test on a rigid material ram, lifting the rigid material ram to an initial swing angle of an experimental design, dropping the ram after an experimental recording device starts working, measuring the impact force by using an impact force sensor on the ram, measuring the acceleration by using an acceleration sensor on the ram, and recording the final swing angle of the ram after impact; and ensuring that the dynamic non-contact optical strain test system records the whole process of the model being impacted and stops the experiment after the data measured by the acceleration sensor and the film pressure sensor on the experimental model are completely recorded. All experimental data and the measured model are saved, and the experimental site is cleaned.
Furthermore, the flexible hammer is installed through the detachable buckle on the hammer rod, the model required by the flexible hammer experiment is installed according to the recorded position information, and the installation method is the same as the process.
And carrying out experimental test on the flexible hammer, lifting the flexible hammer to the initial swing angle of experimental design, wherein the rest experimental operation methods are the same as the process. And finishing the whole operation, recording two times of experimental data (including the mass of the hammer, the initial angle of the hammer, the final lifting angle after impact, the impact force and the acceleration of the hammer, the model impact process recorded by a dynamic non-contact strain measurement system, the acceleration of the model and the joint internal pressure value) and storing the well-measured model.
The experiment was developed around the temporomandibular joint, and the operation of the experimental set-up was described. This experiment does not cover all the experimental ranges that the device can accomplish. According to different experimental designs and research requirements, the size, the shape, the model angle and the like of the hammer can be changed.
In the experimental scheme, strain data of a designated area of the model in the experimental process can be obtained through the dynamic non-contact strain testing system, the acceleration value and the temporomandibular joint internal pressure value of the model in the impact process can be obtained through the acceleration sensor and the film pressure sensor on the experimental model, and different data acquisition methods can be adopted pertinently according to different experimental requirements.
The invention has the following advantages: 1, the test mode in the system is not limited in the biomechanics category, and the multi-angle impact test of the model to be tested and the impact test problems of different impacting objects can be completed by using the system. The experimental device can also be matched with other instruments to test various mechanical parameters of the experimental model, including and not limited to a non-contact strain testing system, an acceleration sensor, a film pressure sensor and the like used in the experiment. According to different experimental requirements, mechanical testing equipment such as a resistance strain gauge, a super-dynamic strain gauge and the like can also be adopted.
The invention is fully explained by the impact experiment test examples of human maxillofacial bones (including temporomandibular joints) under different impact conditions. The invention may be suitably expanded and the description may not enumerate all possible experimental conditions, and thus the above disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive. The invention can carry out relevant improvements according to experimental research requirements, such as changing the disassembling form of the hammer, changing an experimental object and the like. Therefore, all modifications which are based on the idea of the invention, do not create creative work and do not have innovation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. Multifunctional skull and maxillofacial bone impact mechanics experimental device includes: pendulum impact devices (1, 2, 14), replaceable rams (3, 4, 5), acceleration measuring systems (6, 7) and impact force measuring systems (8, 9), multi-angle and height adjustment model mounting platforms (10, 11, 12, 13).
2. Multifunctional skull and maxillofacial bone impact mechanics experimental device, its characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of applying impact load by using pendulum impact devices (1, 2 and 14), realizing different types of impact by using replaceable impact hammers (3, 4 and 5), obtaining the acceleration of a model in an experimental process by using acceleration measuring systems (6 and 7), obtaining the impact force during impact by using impact force measuring systems (8 and 9), adjusting the height position of the experimental model by using a height adjusting chute (10) of a model mounting platform (10), and adjusting the experimental model by using a multi-angle adjusting model mounting platform (11, 12 and 13) at different angles.
3. The impact force loading device (1, 2, 14) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a pendulum impact tester is used as impact force loading equipment, the initial rising and falling swing angle is determined through a dial, and the return rising swing angle of the hammer is determined after impact.
4. A replaceable ram (3, 4, 5) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the detachable installation mode is adopted, the slipknots with uniform use forms are installed, and the replacement of the hammers with different sizes, shapes and materials can be realized.
5. Acceleration measuring system (6, 7) according to claim 1 and 3, characterized in that: an acceleration sensor is additionally arranged on the hammer, so that the acceleration of the hammer can be measured in the experimental process; an acceleration sensor is additionally arranged on the experimental model, and the acceleration of the model in the impact process is measured and used as one of the judgment indexes of the damage degree.
6. An impact force determination system (8, 9) as claimed in claims 1 and 3, characterized in that: the pressure sensor is additionally arranged on the impact surface of the hammer and the model during impact, so that the impact force can be measured during impact.
7. A height-adjusting runner (10) for a model-mounting platform as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: the platform for installing the model is connected with the pendulum impact machine through the sliding groove with adjustable height, so that the vertical height of the model can be adjusted in an experiment.
8. A multi-angle adjustable pattern mounting platform (11, 12, 13) as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a spherical hinge is additionally arranged below a platform for installing the model, scales are respectively marked in the direction of an X, Y, Z axis, and the angle of the model required by the experiment can be adjusted during model installation.
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| CN202010133600.0A CN112116855A (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2020-03-02 | Multifunctional skull and maxillofacial bone impact mechanics experimental device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112834367A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 中国人民解放军陆军特色医学中心 | Skull collision test system and dynamic measurement method of brain tissue strain |
| CN113893057A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-07 | 中国人民解放军陆军特色医学中心 | Animal injury device capable of switching different impact means |
| CN114397205A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 国际竹藤中心 | Impact force testing device and method |
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