CN112115223A - Geographic information system data processing method for three-dimensional visualization - Google Patents
Geographic information system data processing method for three-dimensional visualization Download PDFInfo
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- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
Abstract
The invention discloses a geographic information system data processing method for three-dimensional visualization, which models and updates and maintains an oblique image of an area obtained by an oblique camera in real time, and comprises the following steps of S1: performing model data processing according to an oblique image obtained by an oblique camera to establish a three-dimensional model; step S2: carrying out model modification on the established three-dimensional model; step S3: and maintaining and updating the two-dimensional data and the three-dimensional data of the three-dimensional model according to the continuous change of the actual geographic information. The invention discloses a data processing method for a three-dimensional visual geographic information system, which is used for modeling an oblique image of an area obtained by an oblique camera, so that the method has the advantages of short model production period, low cost, rich visual details and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional visual geographic information data processing, and particularly relates to a data processing method for a three-dimensional visual Geographic Information System (GIS).
Background
In order to deal with different scenes (such as mining areas, hospitals, grain bins and the like), the scene relates to the flow and management of professional vehicles, equipment and personnel, and factors such as data impurity, real-time performance and the like, so that the real-time vehicle dynamics of the whole scene needs to be displayed and monitored in a three-dimensional visual mode, a three-dimensional display form combining oblique photography and 3DMAX modeling is provided by a mature two-three-dimensional integration technology, and the electronization of the scene three-dimensional data and the production data is realized.
The oblique photography measurement technology can comprehensively sense complex scenes in a large-range, high-precision and high-definition mode, data achievements generated through efficient data acquisition equipment and a professional data processing flow can visually reflect the attributes of the appearance, the position, the height and the like of ground objects, guarantee is provided for the real effect and the surveying and mapping precision, the manual production cost and the time period of three-dimensional data are greatly reduced through the oblique photography technology, a high-quality and high-standard data platform is quickly built, a perfect data interface is provided, and the calling requirement of a user business system on a 3D model is met.
However, the existing three-dimensional model built by oblique photography has the defects of complex operation, high difficulty in processing (including deletion, modification, replacement and the like of the model), long production period of the model, high cost and the like, and the corresponding data is updated slowly along with the change of geographic information in the later period, so that the latest situation of the region cannot be reflected immediately, and the model has hysteresis and brings certain difficulty for management and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a geographic information system data processing method for three-dimensional visualization, which models an oblique image of an area obtained by an oblique camera, so that the oblique image has the advantages of short model production period, low cost, rich visual details and the like, updates and maintains data in real time, updates corresponding data quickly with the change of geographic information in the later period, reflects the latest condition of the area immediately, and provides reliable support for management and application.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a Geographic Information System (GIS) data processing method for three-dimensional visualization, which models and updates and maintains in real time an oblique image of an area obtained by an oblique camera, comprising the steps of:
step S1: performing model data processing according to an oblique image obtained by an oblique camera to establish a three-dimensional model;
step S2: carrying out model modification on the established three-dimensional model;
step S3: and maintaining and updating the two-dimensional data and the three-dimensional data of the three-dimensional model according to the continuous change of the actual geographic information.
As a further preferable embodiment of the above technical means, step S1 is specifically implemented as the following steps:
step S1.1: performing monomer objectification model data processing according to an inclined image obtained by an inclined camera to establish a monomer objectification model;
step S1.2: and performing non-monomer model data processing according to the inclined image obtained by the inclined camera to establish a non-monomer model.
As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, step S1.1 is specifically implemented as the following steps:
step S1.1.1: obtaining a multi-view image provided by a tilt camera;
step S1.1.2: carrying out geometric correction on the obtained multi-view image and then establishing a three-dimensional model;
step S1.1.3: and importing the established three-dimensional model into a 3D database.
As a further preferable embodiment of the above technical solution, the step S1.1.2 is specifically implemented as the following steps:
step S1.1.2.1: performing area joint adjustment on the multi-view image after geometric correction to obtain area joint adjustment data;
step S1.1.2.2: and establishing a three-dimensional model for the obtained regional joint adjustment data.
As a further preferable embodiment of the above technical solution, the step S1.1.2 is further specifically implemented as the following steps:
step T1.1.2.1: performing area joint adjustment on the multi-view image after geometric correction to obtain area joint adjustment data;
step T1.1.2.2: performing multi-view image matching on the obtained area joint adjustment data to obtain matched data;
step T1.1.2.2: generating DSM (Digital Surface Model) on the obtained matching data to obtain Digital Surface Model data;
step T1.1.2.3: and establishing a three-dimensional model for the obtained digital earth surface model data.
As a further preferable embodiment of the above-mentioned technical means, the step T1.1.2.2 is followed by the steps of:
step T1.1.2.2.4: performing real emission correction on the obtained digital earth surface model data to obtain corrected data;
step T1.1.2.2.5: and importing the obtained correction data into a 3D database.
As a further preferable embodiment of the above technical means, step S3 is specifically implemented as the following steps:
step S3.1: an oblique camera installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires field data to obtain an oblique image;
step S3.2: performing data processing on the obtained oblique image and importing the oblique image subjected to the data processing into a database;
step S3.3: and providing a sharing service for the data imported into the database.
As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, step S3.2 is specifically implemented as the following steps:
step S3.2.1: performing three-dimensional data processing on the obtained oblique image to generate three-dimensional data;
step S3.2.2: the obtained oblique image is subjected to two-dimensional data processing to generate two-dimensional data, and the three-dimensional data and the two-dimensional data are matched and processed to be imported into a database (the database comprises the 3D database).
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention, as defined in the following description, may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art should note that the drone, the oblique image, the oblique camera, and the like, to which the present invention relates, may be regarded as the prior art.
A first embodiment.
The invention discloses a data processing method of a Geographic Information System (GIS) for three-dimensional visualization, which models and updates and maintains an oblique image of an area obtained by an oblique camera in real time, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: performing model data processing according to an oblique image obtained by an oblique camera to establish a three-dimensional model;
step S2: carrying out model modification on the established three-dimensional model (the model modification only repairs water area vacancy or model loophole in principle, and the model is regenerated after constraint intervention is carried out on Smart LMS (light map) software and water surface or flying compensation data, so that no loophole exists in the model);
step S3: and maintaining and updating the two-dimensional data and the three-dimensional data of the three-dimensional model according to the continuous change of the actual geographic information.
Specifically, step S1 is implemented as the following steps:
step S1.1: performing monomer objectification model data processing according to an inclined image obtained by an inclined camera to establish a monomer objectification model;
step S1.2: and performing non-monomer model data processing according to the inclined image obtained by the inclined camera to establish a non-monomer model.
More specifically, step S1.1 is embodied as the following steps:
step S1.1.1: obtaining a multi-view image provided by a tilt camera;
step S1.1.2: carrying out geometric correction on the obtained multi-view image and then establishing a three-dimensional model;
step S1.1.3: and importing the established three-dimensional model into a 3D database.
Further, step S1.1.2 is specifically implemented as the following steps:
step S1.1.2.1: performing area joint adjustment on the multi-view image after geometric correction to obtain area joint adjustment data;
step S1.1.2.2: and establishing a three-dimensional model for the obtained regional joint adjustment data.
Preferably, step S3 is embodied as the following steps:
step S3.1: an oblique camera installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires field data to obtain an oblique image;
step S3.2: performing data processing on the obtained oblique image and importing the oblique image subjected to the data processing into a database;
step S3.3: and providing a sharing service for the data imported into the database.
Preferably, step S3.2 is embodied as the following steps:
step S3.2.1: performing three-dimensional data processing on the obtained oblique image to generate three-dimensional data (performing field data processing on three-dimensional data, point cloud data and the like obtained by an oblique camera installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle to generate basic three-dimensional data, and loading orthoimage data generated by the unmanned aerial vehicle through professional GIS desktop software);
step S3.2.2: and performing two-dimensional data processing on the obtained oblique image to generate two-dimensional data, matching and processing the three-dimensional data and the two-dimensional data, and then importing the three-dimensional data and the two-dimensional data into a database (the database comprises the 3D database) (plotting and vectorizing data such as a working area, a road network, a POI (point of interest) and the like to finally form two-dimensional vector map data, then performing registration, processing and the like on the two-dimensional data to finally finish warehousing, issuing on a three-dimensional geographic information platform, and finally providing an API (application program interface) interface for calling to perform secondary development to finish integration of a service system).
Preferably, the production model should meet the following requirements:
(1) the three-dimensional model is formed by determining a block model according to oblique image matching, the models of terrain, buildings and the like are integrally expressed, and the texture of the model is expressed by the acquired aerial image. The three-dimensional block model of the building should be complete, accurate in position, realistic, and consistent in the performance of the acquired aerial images.
(2) The three-dimensional model of the building accurately reflects the basic characteristics of the roof and the outer contour of the house. And browsing the model at the viewpoint height of 200m, wherein the model has no obvious tensile deformation or texture leak, and has no tensile deformation and side view. When the buildings in the area are dense or the buildings are high and are mutually shielded, the side-looking texture of the shielded part of the buildings cannot be obtained, and the corresponding model cannot express all the details of the buildings, so that a little tensile deformation is allowed to occur.
(3) The height and the plane size of the building model are in a proportion which is consistent with the actual height and the height error of the building model is not more than 10 percent, and the condition of the terminal device can be clearly distinguished by the finished three-dimensional image.
Preferably, for the shared service of step S3.3:
in the overall architecture of the system, the system is divided into four layers, namely an infrastructure layer, an information transmission layer, a data resource layer and an application service layer, which cover key elements of the system, and the overall system design is developed based on an architecture platform.
The system comprises an infrastructure layer, a monitoring layer and a control layer, wherein the infrastructure layer is used for sensing a natural environment, a living environment, a working environment and the like; the information transmission layer is a shared support platform for the application of the Internet of things; the system comprises a shared data layer (projects need to collect field service data, such as vehicles and mechanical facilities, call a regional platform data interface, a map interface and a statistical analysis interface, and need a unified platform for data resource construction and system basic function construction) and an application layer service layer.
A second embodiment.
The invention discloses a data processing method of a Geographic Information System (GIS) for three-dimensional visualization, which models and updates and maintains an oblique image of an area obtained by an oblique camera in real time, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: performing model data processing according to an oblique image obtained by an oblique camera to establish a three-dimensional model;
step S2: carrying out model modification on the established three-dimensional model (the model modification only repairs water area vacancy or model loophole in principle, and the model is regenerated after constraint intervention is carried out on Smart LMS (light map) software and water surface or flying compensation data, so that no loophole exists in the model);
step S3: and maintaining and updating the two-dimensional data and the three-dimensional data of the three-dimensional model according to the continuous change of the actual geographic information.
Specifically, step S1 is implemented as the following steps:
step S1.1: performing monomer objectification model data processing according to an inclined image obtained by an inclined camera to establish a monomer objectification model;
step S1.2: and performing non-monomer model data processing according to the inclined image obtained by the inclined camera to establish a non-monomer model.
More specifically, step S1.1 is embodied as the following steps:
step S1.1.1: obtaining a multi-view image provided by a tilt camera;
step S1.1.2: carrying out geometric correction on the obtained multi-view image and then establishing a three-dimensional model;
step S1.1.3: and importing the established three-dimensional model into a 3D database.
Further, step S1.1.2 is further embodied as the following steps:
step T1.1.2.1: performing area joint adjustment on the multi-view image after geometric correction to obtain area joint adjustment data;
step T1.1.2.2: performing multi-view image matching on the obtained area joint adjustment data to obtain matched data;
step T1.1.2.2: generating DSM (Digital Surface Model) on the obtained matching data to obtain Digital Surface Model data;
step T1.1.2.3: and establishing a three-dimensional model for the obtained digital earth surface model data.
Still further, step T1.1.2.2 is followed by the steps of:
step T1.1.2.2.4: performing real emission correction on the obtained digital earth surface model data to obtain corrected data;
step T1.1.2.2.5: and importing the obtained correction data into a 3D database.
Preferably, step S3 is embodied as the following steps:
step S3.1: an oblique camera installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires field data to obtain an oblique image;
step S3.2: performing data processing on the obtained oblique image and importing the oblique image subjected to the data processing into a database;
step S3.3: and providing a sharing service for the data imported into the database.
Preferably, step S3.2 is embodied as the following steps:
step S3.2.1: performing three-dimensional data processing on the obtained oblique image to generate three-dimensional data (performing field data processing on three-dimensional data, point cloud data and the like obtained by an oblique camera installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle to generate basic three-dimensional data, and loading orthoimage data generated by the unmanned aerial vehicle through professional GIS desktop software);
step S3.2.2: and performing two-dimensional data processing on the obtained oblique image to generate two-dimensional data, matching and processing the three-dimensional data and the two-dimensional data, and then importing the three-dimensional data and the two-dimensional data into a database (the database comprises the 3D database) (plotting and vectorizing data such as a working area, a road network, a POI (point of interest) and the like to finally form two-dimensional vector map data, then performing registration, processing and the like on the two-dimensional data to finally finish warehousing, issuing on a three-dimensional geographic information platform, and finally providing an API (application program interface) interface for calling to perform secondary development to finish integration of a service system).
Preferably, the production model should meet the following requirements:
(1) the three-dimensional model is formed by determining a block model according to oblique image matching, the models of terrain, buildings and the like are integrally expressed, and the texture of the model is expressed by the acquired aerial image. The three-dimensional block model of the building should be complete, accurate in position, realistic, and consistent in the performance of the acquired aerial images.
(2) The three-dimensional model of the building accurately reflects the basic characteristics of the roof and the outer contour of the house. And browsing the model at the viewpoint height of 200m, wherein the model has no obvious tensile deformation or texture leak, and has no tensile deformation and side view. When the buildings in the area are dense or the buildings are high and are mutually shielded, the side-looking texture of the shielded part of the buildings cannot be obtained, and the corresponding model cannot express all the details of the buildings, so that a little tensile deformation is allowed to occur.
(3) The height and the plane size of the building model are in a proportion which is consistent with the actual height and the height error of the building model is not more than 10 percent, and the condition of the terminal device can be clearly distinguished by the finished three-dimensional image.
Preferably, for the shared service of step S3.3:
in the overall architecture of the system, the system is divided into four layers, namely an infrastructure layer, an information transmission layer, a data resource layer and an application service layer, which cover key elements of the system, and the overall system design is developed based on an architecture platform.
The system comprises an infrastructure layer, a monitoring layer and a control layer, wherein the infrastructure layer is used for sensing a natural environment, a living environment, a working environment and the like; the information transmission layer is a shared support platform for the application of the Internet of things; the system comprises a shared data layer (projects need to collect field service data, such as vehicles and mechanical facilities, call a regional platform data interface, a map interface and a statistical analysis interface, and need a unified platform for data resource construction and system basic function construction) and an application layer service layer.
It should be noted that the technical features of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the oblique image, the oblique camera, and the like related to the present patent application should be regarded as the prior art, and the specific structure, the operation principle, the control mode and the spatial arrangement mode of the technical features may be conventional in the art, and should not be regarded as the invention point of the present patent, and the present patent is not further specifically described in detail.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made in the embodiments and/or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A geographic information system data processing method for three-dimensional visualization, modeling and updating and maintaining in real time oblique images of an area acquired by an oblique camera, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step S1: performing model data processing according to an oblique image obtained by an oblique camera to establish a three-dimensional model;
step S2: carrying out model modification on the established three-dimensional model;
step S3: and maintaining and updating the two-dimensional data and the three-dimensional data of the three-dimensional model according to the continuous change of the actual geographic information.
2. The method for processing geographic information system data for three-dimensional visualization according to claim 1, wherein step S1 is embodied as the following steps:
step S1.1: performing monomer objectification model data processing according to an inclined image obtained by an inclined camera to establish a monomer objectification model;
step S1.2: and performing non-monomer model data processing according to the inclined image obtained by the inclined camera to establish a non-monomer model.
3. The geographic information system data processing method for three-dimensional visualization according to claim 2, wherein step S1.1 is embodied as the following steps:
step S1.1.1: obtaining a multi-view image provided by a tilt camera;
step S1.1.2: carrying out geometric correction on the obtained multi-view image and then establishing a three-dimensional model;
step S1.1.3: and importing the established three-dimensional model into a 3D database.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S1.1.2 is implemented as the following steps:
step S1.1.2.1: performing area joint adjustment on the multi-view image after geometric correction to obtain area joint adjustment data;
step S1.1.2.2: and establishing a three-dimensional model for the obtained regional joint adjustment data.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S1.1.2 is further embodied as the following steps:
step T1.1.2.1: performing area joint adjustment on the multi-view image after geometric correction to obtain area joint adjustment data;
step T1.1.2.2: performing multi-view image matching on the obtained area joint adjustment data to obtain matched data;
step T1.1.2.2: DSM generation is carried out on the obtained matching data to obtain digital earth surface model data;
step T1.1.2.3: and establishing a three-dimensional model for the obtained digital earth surface model data.
6. The method of processing GIS data for three-dimensional visualization of claim 5, further comprising the following steps after step T1.1.2.2:
step T1.1.2.2.4: performing real emission correction on the obtained digital earth surface model data to obtain corrected data;
step T1.1.2.2.5: and importing the obtained correction data into a 3D database.
7. The geographic information system data processing method for three-dimensional visualization according to any one of claims 4 or 6, wherein step S3 is embodied as the following steps:
step S3.1: an oblique camera installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires field data to obtain an oblique image;
step S3.2: performing data processing on the obtained oblique image and importing the oblique image subjected to the data processing into a database;
step S3.3: and providing a sharing service for the data imported into the database.
8. The geographic information system data processing method for three-dimensional visualization according to claim 7, wherein step S3.2 is embodied as the following steps:
step S3.2.1: performing three-dimensional data processing on the obtained oblique image to generate three-dimensional data;
step S3.2.2: and performing two-dimensional data processing on the obtained oblique image to generate two-dimensional data, and matching and processing the three-dimensional data and the two-dimensional data and then importing the three-dimensional data and the two-dimensional data into a database.
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