CN112113672A - Monitoring device and monitoring method for temperature field and shape of molten pool of laser cladding equipment - Google Patents
Monitoring device and monitoring method for temperature field and shape of molten pool of laser cladding equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112113672A CN112113672A CN202010984890.XA CN202010984890A CN112113672A CN 112113672 A CN112113672 A CN 112113672A CN 202010984890 A CN202010984890 A CN 202010984890A CN 112113672 A CN112113672 A CN 112113672A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/60—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using determination of colour temperature
- G01J5/605—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using determination of colour temperature using visual determination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
- G01B11/285—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas using photoelectric detection means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/52—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using comparison with reference sources, e.g. disappearing-filament pyrometer
- G01J5/53—Reference sources, e.g. standard lamps; Black bodies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J2005/0077—Imaging
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Abstract
The invention discloses a molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device of laser cladding equipment, which comprises a reflecting mirror positioned in a cladding head, wherein a beam splitter is arranged outside the cladding head and positioned on a light path of the reflecting mirror, two filters with different wavelengths are respectively and coaxially arranged on a reflection light path and a transmission light path of the beam splitter, one ends of the two filters, which are far away from the beam splitter, are sequentially and coaxially provided with a lens and a black-and-white CCD camera, and the two black-and-white CCD cameras are electrically connected with an industrial personal computer and a display together. The invention also discloses a monitoring method of the device for monitoring the temperature field and the shape of the molten pool of the laser cladding equipment. The molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device of the laser cladding equipment adopts a coaxial installation mode, so that on one hand, the difficulty in obtaining molten pool images is greatly reduced, and the molten pool images are ensured not to be distorted; on one hand, a single camera mode is replaced by the double black and white cameras, the upper limit of the image acquisition frame frequency is improved, the wavelength selection of the molten pool image is not limited, and the temperature measurement precision is ensured to obtain the appearance characteristics of the molten pool at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing process monitoring, and particularly relates to a molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device of laser cladding equipment. The invention also relates to a monitoring method of the device for monitoring the temperature field and the shape of the molten pool of the laser cladding equipment.
Background
The laser cladding rapid forming technology is a forming technology which takes laser as an energy source and adopts a coaxial or paraxial powder feeding mode to clad material powder layer by layer on a substrate so as to generate a three-dimensional metal workpiece. In the laser cladding rapid forming process, a complex energy, momentum and mass transmission process exists in a laser molten pool, and the size and distribution of the quantities are reflected and influenced by the temperature field and the shape of the molten pool, so that the metallurgical performance and the quality of a formed workpiece are directly influenced.
In recent years, the correspondence between the temperature field of the molten pool and the appearance, the forming structure and the quality performance becomes a hot research in the field. In a full-view molten pool temperature field detection system based on a colorimetric temperature method (CN108279071A), a paraxial installation mode is adopted for welding processes such as CWT (continuous wave welding) and the like, molten pool images passing through different wavelengths are respectively collected by 2 cameras, and a molten pool temperature field is obtained based on a colorimetric temperature measurement principle. The paraxial real-time monitoring is difficult due to the high moving speed of the laser, the high brightness of the molten pool and the small size; and the acquired molten pool image has certain deformation due to the inclination of a view field, which causes certain difficulty in interpreting a molten pool temperature field and morphology. In the document "study on real-time detection of laser molten pool temperature field by image colorimetry" (ginger-pacific, information and control 2008), 1 CCD camera is used, a paraxial installation mode is adopted, a turntable is driven by a stepping motor, two optical filters are switched to be in an optical path in a time sharing mode, molten pool gray level images with different wavelengths are obtained, and a molten pool temperature field is obtained based on a colorimetric temperature measurement method. However, the filter plates need to be switched, the response speed of the system is slow, and the high-speed scanning application scene cannot be met. The literature Yuan channel union fertilizer industry university Master academic thesis and the literature CCD-based laser remanufacturing molten pool temperature field detection research (Lexibo Tianjin industry university Master academic thesis) both use 1 color CCD camera and respectively adopt coaxial and paraxial mounting modes to select images of two wave bands in RGB for colorimetric temperature measurement. Because the image wave band acquired by the color camera can be selected only in RGB three primary colors, the temperature measurement accuracy is easily influenced by the external environment; and the frame frequency of the color CCD camera is generally lower, and the temperature field of the molten pool and the shape detail can be acquired less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device for laser cladding equipment, and solves the problems that an existing temperature measuring device is low in acquisition rate, poor in dynamic characteristic and prone to being interfered by external environment.
The invention also aims to provide a monitoring method of the device for monitoring the temperature field and the shape of the molten pool of the laser cladding equipment.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a laser cladding equipment molten bath temperature field and appearance monitoring device, is including being located the speculum of cladding in the head, and the position that lies in the speculum light path outside cladding head is provided with the beam splitter, and the reflection light path and the transmission light path of beam splitter are the coaxial filter that is provided with two different wavelength respectively, and the one end that the beam splitter was kept away from to two filters all is coaxial camera lens and the black and white CCD camera of having set gradually in proper order, and two black and white CCD cameras are common the electricity and are connected with industrial computer and display.
The first technical scheme of the invention is also characterized in that:
the wavelengths of the two filters are respectively near infrared wave band lambda1And λ2The bandwidth is not more than 50nm, and the working band bandwidths of the two filters are not overlapped.
The model numbers of the two black-white CCD cameras are the same, when the field size is not more than 100x100pixels, the frame frequency is not less than 100fps, and the two black-white CCD cameras both adopt near infrared wave bands.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a monitoring method of a device for monitoring the temperature field and the shape of a molten pool of laser cladding equipment comprises the following steps:
step 2, in the laser cladding process, two black-and-white CCD cameras are controlled by an industrial personal computer to photograph the molten pool at the same time to obtain lambda1And λ2Weld pool topography image P of wavelength1And P2;
Step 3, two images P are processed through the highest peak point of the images1And P2Aligning up and down and left and right, cutting the overlapping area of the two images, and dividing each pixel value of the overlapping area to obtain different molten pool position gray scale ratios;
step 4, obtaining the temperature field distribution of the molten pool by utilizing the relation between the temperature and the gray scale ratio obtained in the step 1;
and 6, comparing the characteristic value of the molten pool obtained in the step 5 with a set threshold range, judging the stability of the process state, feeding the comparison result back to the laser cladding equipment, and providing data support for the closed-loop control of the laser cladding process parameters.
The second technical solution of the present invention is also characterized in that,
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, aligning a blackbody furnace mouth to a cladding head, and adjusting the temperature T of the blackbody furnace to 1000 k;
step 1.2, controlling two black-and-white CCD cameras to photograph the black-body furnace simultaneously through an industrial personal computer, and obtaining lambda when 1000k1And λ2Weld pool topography image P of wavelength1' and P2’;
Step 1.3, two images P1' and P2' Gray value averaging I1 ’And I2 ’;
Step 1.4, based on the colorimetric temperature measurement principle, ln (I)1/I2) Is in linear relation with 1/T, see formula (1):
in formula (1): i is1' and I2' shooting black body furnace image gray values by a camera respectively; t is 1000K; a. the1And A2Are overall efficiency coefficients, all of which are constants; lambda [ alpha ]1And λ2The wavelengths of the two filter plates are respectively;1is equal to2Are all emissivity;
h is Planck constant, c is speed of light, kbIf the value is a boltzmann constant, a is known, a group of gray scale ratio values and temperature values are obtained through the steps 1.1-1.3, and a b value is obtained according to the formula (1);
and then obtaining the relation between the temperature and the gray scale ratio according to the formula (2):
in the formula (2) I1And I2And respectively shooting a molten pool image gray value for the camera, wherein T is the molten pool temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device of the laser cladding equipment adopts a coaxial installation mode, so that on one hand, the difficulty in obtaining molten pool images is greatly reduced, and the molten pool images are ensured not to be distorted; on one hand, a single (color) camera mode is replaced by the double black and white cameras, the upper limit of the image acquisition frame frequency is improved, the selection of the image wavelength of the molten pool is not limited, and the temperature measurement precision is ensured to obtain the appearance characteristic of the molten pool at the same time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device of a laser cladding device;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a monitoring method of a molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device of a laser cladding device;
FIG. 3 is a curve of the relationship between the gray ratio and the temperature of the molten pool in the monitoring method of the molten pool temperature field and the shape monitoring device of the laser cladding equipment;
FIG. 4 is a molten pool shape graph with 750nm wavelength obtained in the monitoring method of the molten pool temperature field and shape monitoring device of the laser cladding equipment;
FIG. 5 is a molten pool shape graph with 850nm wavelength obtained in the monitoring method of the molten pool temperature field and shape monitoring device of the laser cladding equipment;
FIG. 6 is a molten pool temperature field distribution diagram obtained in the monitoring method of the molten pool temperature field and shape monitoring device of the laser cladding equipment.
In the figure, 1, a substrate, 2, a formed part, 3, a molten pool, 4, a cladding head, 5, a reflector, 6, an emission light path, 7, a beam splitter, 8, a black-and-white CCD camera, 9, a lens, 10, a first filter, 11, a second filter, 12, a cable, 13, an industrial personal computer, 14 and a display.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device of laser cladding equipment, which comprises a reflecting mirror 5 positioned in a cladding head 4, wherein a beam splitter 7 is arranged at the position of the cladding head 4, which is positioned on the light path of the reflecting mirror 5, namely an emission light path 6, two filter plates with different wavelengths are respectively and coaxially arranged on the reflection light path and the transmission light path of the beam splitter 7, and the wavelengths of the two filter plates are preferably near infrared wave band lambda1And λ2The bandwidth is not more than 50nm, the bandwidths of the working bands of the two filters can not be mutually overlapped, such as the first filter 10, the second filter 11 and the wavelength lambda of the first filter 101750nm, wavelength lambda of the second filter 112850nm and 40nm bandwidth. One ends of the two filter plates, which are far away from the beam splitter 7, are sequentially and coaxially provided with a lens 9 and a black-and-white CCD camera 8. The lens 9 is used for focusing and adjusting the view field of the molten pool 3 on the substrate 1 and the forming part 2; the models of the two black and white CCD cameras are the same, when the field size is not more than 100x100pixels, the frame frequency is not less than 100fps, and the preferred waveband is near infrared; MV1-D1024E of Photon focus can be adopted, the wave band is 400-900 nm, the field of view is set to be 50 multiplied by 50pixels, the frame frequency is 3000fps, and two black-white CCD cameras 8 are electrically connectedThe cable 12 is connected to an industrial control computer 13. The industrial personal computer 13 is used for camera acquisition control, and sends pulse level to trigger the two black-and-white CCD cameras 8 to synchronously take photos; on one hand, the real-time collected images are analyzed and processed through a built-in graphic processing algorithm, characteristic values of the temperature and the appearance of the molten pool 3 are obtained, the calculation of the area and the length-width ratio of the molten pool is included, the molten pool temperature field is solved, and the calculation result is displayed through the display 14.
The invention also provides a monitoring method of the device for monitoring the temperature field and the shape of the molten pool of the laser cladding equipment, as shown in figure 2, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, aligning a blackbody furnace mouth to a cladding head 4, and adjusting the blackbody furnace temperature T to 1000 k;
step 1.2, based on the coaxial light path, controlling two black-and-white CCD cameras 8 through an industrial personal computer 13 to shoot the black-body furnace at the same time, and obtaining lambda at 1000k1750nm and λ2Weld pool shape image P with 850nm wavelength1' and P2’;
Step 1.3, the uniformity of the temperature field of the black body furnace is higher, and two images P are obtained1' and P2' Gray value averaging I1' and I2’;
Step 1.4, based on the colorimetric temperature measurement principle, ln (I)1/I2) Is in linear relation with 1/T, see formula (1):
in formula (1): i is1' and I2Respectively shooting black body furnace image gray values by a camera, wherein T is 1000K; a. the1And A2The efficiency coefficients are constants for the overall (light path system, optical filter, and camera detector) efficiency; lambda [ alpha ]1And λ2750nm and 850 nm; emissivity1And2the system performs approximately equal processing;
h is PlanckConstant (h-6.62606896 × l 0)-34J) C is the speed of light (c: 299792458m/s), kbIs boltzmann constant (1.3806504 × 10)-23J/K), if a is known, acquiring a group of gray scale ratio values and temperature values through the step 1.1-step 1.3, and acquiring a b value according to the formula (1);
the values of a and b are known, and the relationship between the temperature and the gray scale ratio is obtained according to the formula (2), as shown in fig. 3:
in the formula I1And I2And respectively shooting a molten pool image gray value for the camera, wherein T is the molten pool temperature.
Step 2, in the laser cladding process, two black-and-white CCD cameras 8 are controlled by an industrial personal computer 13 to photograph the molten pool 3 at the same time, and molten pool morphology images P with wavelengths of 750nm and 850nm are obtained1And P2As shown in fig. 4 and 5;
step 3, because the two black-and-white CCD cameras 8 are positioned on the same plane, the upper and lower images are in an aligned state, and the two images P are processed through the highest peak point of the images1And P2Left and right alignment, cutting the overlapped area of the two images, and dividing each pixel value of the overlapped area to obtain different molten pool position gray scale ratio (I)1/I2);
Step 4, obtaining the temperature field distribution of the molten pool by utilizing the relation between the temperature and the gray scale ratio obtained in the step 1, as shown in fig. 6;
and 6, comparing the characteristic value of the molten pool obtained in the step 5 with a set threshold range, judging the stability of the process state, feeding the comparison result back to the laser cladding equipment, and providing data support for the closed-loop control of the laser cladding process parameters.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: in the laser cladding process, a molten pool 3 can generate plasma radiation, radiation reflected light is folded back along an original light path through a reflector 5, a beam splitter 7 is arranged on a folding back loop, the folding back reflected light can be divided into two beams of same light, and the two beams of same light pass through filters with different wavelengths and then enter a black-and-white CCD camera 8 through a lens 9; the two cameras are connected with the industrial personal computer 13, the industrial personal computer 13 is internally provided with an image processing module, the cameras obtain gray level images with different wavelengths to be processed in real time, and a colorimetric temperature measurement principle and an image processing algorithm are combined, so that the real-time monitoring of a molten pool temperature field and morphology is realized, a monitoring result is fed back to laser cladding equipment in real time, and data support is provided for adjusting process parameters of the laser cladding equipment.
Through the mode, the molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device of the laser cladding equipment adopts a coaxial installation mode, so that on one hand, the difficulty in obtaining molten pool images is greatly reduced, and the molten pool images are guaranteed not to be distorted; on one hand, a single (color) camera mode is replaced by the double black and white cameras, the upper limit of the image acquisition frame frequency is improved, the selection of the image wavelength of the molten pool is not limited, and the temperature measurement precision is ensured to obtain the appearance characteristic of the molten pool at the same time. The high-quality and high-dynamic monitoring of the temperature field and the appearance of the molten pool is realized, thereby providing a necessary basis for further quality control of the laser cladding process.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a laser cladding equipment molten bath temperature field and appearance monitoring device, a serial communication port, including being located reflector (5) of cladding head (4), the position that lies in reflector (5) light path outside cladding head (4) is provided with beam splitter (7), the reflection light path and the transmission light path of beam splitter (7) are coaxial respectively to be provided with the filter of two different wavelengths on, the one end that beam splitter (7) were kept away from to two filters all is coaxial in proper order to be provided with camera lens (9) and black and white CCD camera (8), two black and white CCD cameras (8) are connected with industrial computer (13) and display (14) jointly electricity.
2. The device for monitoring the temperature field and the morphology of the molten pool of the laser cladding equipment according to claim 1, wherein the wavelengths of the two filters are respectively near infrared band lambda1And λ2The bandwidth is not more than 50nm, and the working band bandwidths of the two filters are not overlapped.
3. The molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device of laser cladding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the two black and white CCD cameras (8) are the same type, the frame rate is not less than 100fps when the field size is not more than 100x100pixels, and both black and white CCD cameras (8) adopt near infrared band.
4. A monitoring method using the device for monitoring the temperature field and the shape of the molten pool of the laser cladding equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, before laser cladding, carrying out colorimetric temperature measurement calibration by using a black body furnace to obtain a relation between temperature and gray scale;
step 2, in the laser cladding process, two black-and-white CCD cameras (8) are controlled by an industrial personal computer (13) to photograph the molten pool (3) at the same time to obtain lambda1And λ2Weld pool topography image P of wavelength1And P2;
Step 3, two images P are processed through the highest peak point of the images1And P2Aligning up and down and left and right, cutting the overlapping area of the two images, and dividing each pixel value of the overlapping area to obtain different molten pool position gray scale ratios;
step 4, obtaining the temperature field distribution of the molten pool by utilizing the relation between the temperature and the gray scale ratio obtained in the step 1;
step 5, acquiring characteristic values of a length-width ratio of the molten pool, an area of the molten pool, a temperature peak value of the molten pool and a temperature gradient based on the temperature field distribution of the molten pool and in combination with a built-in image processing module of an industrial personal computer (13);
and 6, comparing the characteristic value of the molten pool obtained in the step 5 with a set threshold range, judging the stability of the process state, feeding the comparison result back to the laser cladding equipment, and providing data support for the closed-loop control of the laser cladding process parameters.
5. The monitoring method of the laser cladding equipment molten pool temperature field and morphology monitoring device according to claim 4, wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, aligning a blackbody furnace mouth to a cladding head (4), and adjusting the blackbody furnace temperature T to 1000 k;
step 1.2, controlling two black-and-white CCD cameras (8) to photograph the blackbody furnace simultaneously through an industrial personal computer (13), and obtaining lambda when 1000k1And λ2Weld pool topography image P of wavelength1' and P2’;
Step 1.3, two images P1' and P2' Gray value averaging I1' and I2’;
Step 1.4, based on the colorimetric temperature measurement principle, ln (I)1/I2) Is in linear relation with 1/T, see formula (1):
in formula (1): i is1' and I2' shooting black body furnace image gray values by a camera respectively; t is 1000K; a. the1And A2Are overall efficiency coefficients, all of which are constants; lambda [ alpha ]1And λ2The wavelengths of the two filter plates are respectively;1is equal to2Are all emissivity;
h is Planck constant, c is speed of light, kbIf the value is a boltzmann constant, a is known, a group of gray scale ratio values and temperature values are obtained through the steps 1.1-1.3, and a b value is obtained according to the formula (1);
and then obtaining the relation between the temperature and the gray scale ratio according to the formula (2):
in the formula (2) I1And I2And respectively shooting a molten pool image gray value for the camera, wherein T is the molten pool temperature.
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Cited By (4)
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CN112857271A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-28 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method for judging stability of laser cladding process |
CN112985621A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | Device and method for measuring metal wire electric explosion temperature distribution |
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2020
- 2020-09-18 CN CN202010984890.XA patent/CN112113672A/en not_active Withdrawn
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CN112857271A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-28 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method for judging stability of laser cladding process |
CN112857271B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-03-11 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method for judging stability of laser cladding process |
CN112985621A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | Device and method for measuring metal wire electric explosion temperature distribution |
CN114939726A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-08-26 | 大连理工大学 | Ultrasonic jet assisted femtosecond laser rotary cutting air film cooling hole machining equipment and method |
CN115096200A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-23 | 湖南大学 | Deformation field-temperature field synchronous online monitoring method in laser near-net forming process |
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