CN112113470A

CN112113470A - Detonating device

Info

Publication number: CN112113470A
Application number: CN202011114570.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 迟力源; 杨军; 陈忠辉; 杨靖宇
Original assignee: Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Current assignee: Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Priority date: 2020-10-16
Filing date: 2020-10-16
Publication date: 2020-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-16
Also published as: CN112113470B

Abstract

The invention provides an initiator, which relates to the technical field of blasting equipment, and comprises: the drug-shaped cover is annular, two ends of the drug-shaped cover are respectively abutted against the shell and the supporting cylinder, and one end of the shell, which is far away from the shell, is provided with an end cover for supporting the supporting cylinder; from the first end of medicine shape cover to the middle part of medicine shape cover, the diameter of medicine shape cover reduces gradually, from the middle part of medicine shape cover to the second end of medicine shape cover, the diameter crescent of medicine shape cover, and the outer wall of medicine shape cover is equipped with the reduction structure. The detonator provided by the invention solves the technical problems that the working efficiency is influenced and the blasting cost is higher due to the fact that the ultra-deep mode is adopted to increase bottom charging to obtain the broken rock at the bottom of the step in the related technology.

Description

Detonating device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of blasting equipment, in particular to a detonating tool.

Background

In open-air bench blasting, because of the existence of the slope angle, the constraint of the bottom of the bench is relatively higher than that of the top of the bench, and blast holes are increased by adopting an ultra-deep mode to increase bottom charging to obtain the breaking of rocks at the bottom of the bench. Otherwise, after blasting, the root and the large blocks exist, secondary crushing is needed, and the mining and loading efficiency is greatly reduced. The step height is generally 10 m-15 m, and the ultra-depth is generally 1 m-1.5 m. Every time blasting all has hundreds of holes, adopts the super deep mode to increase the broken that bottom powder charge obtained the step bottom rock can influence work efficiency and make the blasting cost higher.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an initiator, which is used for relieving the technical problems that the working efficiency is influenced and the blasting cost is higher due to the fact that the ultra-deep mode is adopted to increase bottom charging to obtain the broken rocks at the bottom of a step in the related technology.

In a first possible embodiment, the present invention provides an initiator comprising: the drug-shaped cover is annular, two ends of the drug-shaped cover are respectively abutted to the shell and the supporting cylinder, and one end, far away from the shell, of the shell is provided with an end cover for supporting the supporting cylinder; from the first end of medicine shape cover extremely the middle part of medicine shape cover, the diameter of medicine shape cover reduces gradually, certainly the middle part of medicine shape cover extremely the second end of medicine shape cover, the diameter of medicine shape cover enlarges gradually, the outer wall of medicine shape cover is equipped with the reduction structure.

In combination with the first possible embodiment, the present invention provides a second possible embodiment, where the number of the weakening structures is four, and four weakening structures are spaced apart along the circumference of the drug-shaped cover.

In combination with the first or second possible embodiment, the present invention provides a third possible embodiment, wherein the weakening structure comprises a breaking groove extending in a radial extension direction of the outer wall.

With reference to the first possible embodiment, the invention provides a fourth possible embodiment, and the initiator further comprises a partition plate, the interior of the shell, the interior of the explosive shaped cap and the interior of the support cylinder are communicated to form an accommodating cavity, and the partition plate is mounted in the shell and divides the accommodating cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber;

the first cavity is located below the second cavity and located inside the shell, a first main charge is installed in the first cavity, and a second main charge is installed in the second cavity.

With reference to the fourth possible embodiment, the present invention provides a fifth possible embodiment, wherein the initiator further includes a reinforcing cap and an initiating explosive, the reinforcing cap is disposed above the partition plate, and the initiating explosive is disposed on the reinforcing cap.

In combination with the first possible embodiment, the invention provides a sixth possible embodiment, and the initiator further includes a weight portion, and the weight portion is disposed at the lower end of the support cylinder and is connected to the support cylinder and the end cap respectively.

With reference to the sixth possible embodiment, the present invention provides a seventh possible embodiment, wherein the weight portion is tapered, a diameter of a first end of the weight portion is smaller than a diameter of a second end of the weight portion, the first end of the weight portion is connected to the support cylinder, and the second end of the weight portion is connected to the end cap.

In combination with the fourth possible embodiment, the present invention provides a ninth possible embodiment, wherein the primer further includes a detonator and a leg wire, the detonator extends into the first chamber through the partition plate, one end of the leg wire is located outside the shell, and the other end of the leg wire is connected to the detonator.

In combination with the eighth possible embodiment, the invention provides a ninth possible embodiment, wherein the detonator is filled with a reinforcing agent, and the reinforcing agent is positioned on the same horizontal line with the middle part of the liner.

The invention provides an initiator comprising: the drug-shaped cover is annular, two ends of the drug-shaped cover are respectively abutted against the shell and the supporting cylinder, and one end of the shell, which is far away from the shell, is provided with an end cover for supporting the supporting cylinder; from the first end of medicine shape cover to the middle part of medicine shape cover, the diameter of medicine shape cover reduces gradually, from the middle part of medicine shape cover to the second end of medicine shape cover, the diameter crescent of medicine shape cover, and the outer wall of medicine shape cover is equipped with the reduction structure. When the bottom of the blast hole is exploded, the detonating primer provided by the invention forms annular energy-gathered jet flow through the explosive-shaped cover and outwards diffuses and acts on the inner wall of the rock blast hole to form horizontal cracks; in addition, the weakening structure locally weakens the medicine-shaped cover, the medicine-shaped cover is easy to break at the position where the weakening structure is arranged, and the randomness of the breaking position of the medicine-shaped cover is reduced, so that the annular jet flow breaks at the designated position, and the stable formation of the jet flow is ensured to have penetration capability; in addition, because the inner diameter of the shell is larger than the outer diameter of the shell, a hollow chamber is formed between the outer walls of the shell, the explosive-shaped cover and the supporting cylinder and the inner wall of the shell, so that required explosion height is provided for jet flow formation, and meanwhile, the influence of unexploded emulsion explosive outside (in a blast hole) on jet flow formation is blocked; on the other hand, the empty chamber can prevent the emulsion explosive in the blast hole from being detonated when the first main charge is exploded.

Compared with the prior art, the detonation device provided by the invention forms annular energy-gathered jet flow to diffuse outwards to act on the inner wall of a rock blast hole, ensures that the jet flow is stably formed through a weakening structure and has penetration capability, obtains good crushing effect at the bottom of a step under the condition of no or less ultra-depth, improves the working efficiency and saves the cost.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an initiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a traditional Chinese medicine shaped cap of the initiator according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a traditional Chinese medicine shaped cap of the initiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the initiator traditional Chinese medicine shaped cover according to the embodiment of the invention.

Icon: 100-a housing; 110 — a first chamber; 120-a second chamber; 200-a medicine-shaped cover; 210-a fracture groove; 300-a separator; 400-a reinforcement cap; 500-primary explosive; 600-a housing; 610-a support cylinder; 620-end cap; 630-empty chamber; 700-a weight; 800-detonator; 900-leg line; 910-sealing member.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1, an initiator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the medicine-shaped cover comprises a shell 100, a medicine-shaped cover 200, a shell 600 and a supporting cylinder 610, wherein the shell 100 and the shell 600 are both cylindrical, the shell 600 is fixedly connected to one end of the shell 100, the inner diameter of the shell 600 is larger than the outer diameter of the shell 100, the medicine-shaped cover 200 and the supporting cylinder 610 are both arranged in the shell 600, the supporting cylinder 610 is arranged opposite to the shell 100, the medicine-shaped cover 200 is annular, two ends of the medicine-shaped cover 200 are respectively abutted to the shell 100 and the supporting cylinder 610, and one end, far away from the shell 100, of the shell 600 is provided with an end cover 620; from the first end of medicine shape cover 200 extremely the middle part of medicine shape cover 200, the diameter of medicine shape cover 200 reduces gradually, and from the middle part of medicine shape cover 200 to the second end of medicine shape cover 200, the diameter of medicine shape cover 200 increases gradually, and the outer wall of medicine shape cover 200 is equipped with the weakening structure.

As shown in FIG. 3, the upper end of the medicine-shaped cover 200 is connected with the upper end of the annular opening, the lower end of the medicine-shaped cover 200 is connected with the lower end of the annular opening, and the left and right ends of the cross section of the medicine-shaped cover 200 are respectively in a ">" shape and a "<" shape.

The outer wall of the explosive-shaped cover 200 is provided with a plurality of weakening structures which are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the explosive-shaped cover 200, when an initiator explodes at the bottom of a blast hole, annular energy-gathered jet flow is formed by the explosive-shaped cover 200 and diffuses outwards to act on the inner wall of the rock blast hole to form horizontal cracks, the plurality of weakening structures locally weaken the explosive-shaped cover 200, the weakening structures are easy to break at the positions where the weakening structures are arranged, the randomness of the breaking positions of the explosive-shaped cover 200 is reduced, and accordingly the annular jet flow breaks at the designated positions to ensure that the jet flow is stably formed and has penetration capability; in addition, because the inner diameter of the casing 600 is larger than the outer diameter of the casing 100, a hollow chamber 630 is formed between the outer walls of the casing 100, the explosive-shaped cover 200 and the supporting cylinder 610 and the inner wall of the casing 600, which provides the required blast height for the jet formation and simultaneously blocks the influence of the unexploded emulsion explosive outside (in the blast hole) on the jet formation; on the other hand, void 630 may prevent the first main charge from detonating the emulsion explosive contained in the bore upon detonation.

The number of the weakening structures can be three, four or five, and the like, in the embodiment, the number of the weakening structures is four, and four weakening structures are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the medicine-shaped cover 200.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, four weakening structures are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the liner 200 to ensure that a quarter-perimeter jet is stably formed and has penetration capability, and the liner 200 is prevented from being broken at random positions. Four weakening structures are arranged on the outer wall of the medicine-shaped cover 200, so that the medicine-shaped cover 200 is prevented from being broken at random positions, and the processing cost is reduced.

In some embodiments, the weakening structure comprises a plurality of indentations spaced along the radial extension of the outer wall of the liner 200.

In this embodiment, the weakening structure comprises a breaking groove 210, and the breaking groove 210 extends in the radial extension direction of the outer wall.

As shown in fig. 4, the fracture groove 210 has a rectangular cross section and extends in the radial direction of the outer wall of the medicine cap 200. The rupture groove 210 mainly has two functions, the first function is to weaken the medicine-shaped cover 200 locally, and the rupture is easy to occur at the rupture groove 210; secondly, the explosive in the fracture groove 210 acts on two side walls of the fracture groove 210 to promote the medium of the explosive-shaped cover 200 to move towards two sides locally and block part of the force transmitted on the explosive-shaped cover 200, thereby reducing the circumferential displacement and enabling the energy-gathered jet to form relative concentration.

Further, the initiator further comprises a partition plate 300, the interior of the shell 100, the interior of the explosive shaped cap 200 and the interior of the support cylinder 610 are communicated to form a containing cavity, and the partition plate 300 is installed in the shell 100 and divides the containing cavity into a first cavity 110 and a second cavity 120; the first chamber 110 is located below the second chamber 120 and inside the housing 600, the liner 200 is located in the first chamber 110, the first chamber 110 contains a first main charge, and the second chamber 120 contains a second main charge.

Specifically, the shape of the partition 300 is adapted to the shape of the inner section of the case 100. The partition 300 is located at the center inside the case 100, and the inside of the case 100 is connected to the circumferential wall of the partition 300. The partition 300 divides the interior of the case 100 into a first chamber 110 and a second chamber 120, and a first main charge is mounted in the first chamber 110 and a second main charge is mounted in the second chamber 120.

The upper end of the casing 600 is coupled to the outer wall of the case 100, and the coupling position of the casing 600 to the case 100 is located at a level close to that of the lower end surface of the partition 300, so that the first chamber 110 is located in the empty chamber 630.

When the detonator provided by the embodiment of the invention is used, the first main charge is detonated firstly, the partition plate 300 is utilized to block the propagation of detonation waves of the first main charge, the partition plate 300 transmits shock waves to detonate the second main charge, the partition plate 300 plays a role in transmitting initiation energy, meanwhile, the partition plate 300 has certain sealing strength before and after the action, the sealing requirement that adjacent subsystems are not interfered by each other and are isolated relatively can be realized, the partition plate 300 can also reduce the propagation speed of the detonation waves, the shock waves are transmitted into the partition plate 300, pass through the partition plate 300 after being propagated, and then the second main charge is detonated. In contrast to detonation wave propagation formed by continuous explosives, the baffle 300 increases the transfer time, slows the propagation velocity, and provides a time interval for shaped jet formation (jet formation time is on the order of microseconds).

Further, the initiator further includes a reinforcing cap 400 and an initiator 500, the reinforcing cap 400 is disposed above the separator 300, and the initiator 500 is disposed on the reinforcing cap 400.

As shown in fig. 1, the reinforcement cap 400 is located in the case 100 and is mounted above the partition 300, and the upper end surface of the partition 300 is in contact with the lower end surface of the reinforcement cap 400. The combination of the initiating explosive 500 and the reinforcing cap 400 ensures that the spacer 300 impacts the initiation of the second main charge and hence the emulsion explosive in the blasthole, at which point the jet has completed its action on the blasthole wall.

Further, the initiator further comprises a weight part 700, and the weight part 700 is arranged at the lower end of the support cylinder 610; and are connected to the support cylinder 610 and the end cap 620, respectively.

The weight 700 is located in the case 600 and is fixedly coupled to the lower end of the support cylinder 610. The weight 700 ensures that the detonator is stable in shape during the falling process after being placed in the blast hole.

Further, the weight 700 is tapered, a diameter of a first end of the weight 700 is smaller than a diameter of a second end of the weight 700, the first end of the weight 700 is connected to the support cylinder 610, and the second end of the weight 700 is connected to the end cap 620.

As shown in fig. 1, a first end of the weight 700 is located in the first chamber 110, a lower end surface of the support cylinder 610 is connected with the tapered surface of the weight 700, and a second end of the weight 700 is connected with an inner wall of the end cap 620. The weight 700 is made of a medium having high wave impedance such as cast iron. The counterweight 700 has high impedance to dielectric waves, and after shock waves generated by explosion of the emulsion explosive act on the cone, the reflected compression waves are transmitted along the vertical direction of the side surface of the cone to perform secondary action on the hole wall of the bottom. The design of the tapered weight 700 on the one hand reflects the blast energy acting on the bottom of the hole to protect the bottom plate; on the other hand, the reflected compression wave further acts on the rock penetrated by the jet, and the stress concentration helps the rock to generate directional fracture.

Further, the primer further includes a detonator 800 and a leg wire 900, as shown in fig. 1, the detonator 800 extends into the first chamber 110 through the partition 300, one end of the leg wire 900 is located outside the casing 100, the other end is connected with the detonator 800, and a sealing member 910 is disposed between the leg wire 900 and the second main charge. The detonator 800 is used to initiate the first primary charge by transmitting a signal to the detonator 800 through the leg wire 900.

Further, the reinforcing agent is filled in the detonator 800, and the reinforcing agent and the middle part of the explosive-shaped cover 200 are positioned on the same horizontal line, so that the upper outer wall and the lower outer wall of the annular explosive-shaped cover 200 are ensured to be subjected to the load action of the symmetrical detonation waves generated by the first main charge.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An initiator, comprising: the medicine-shaped cover comprises a shell (100), a medicine-shaped cover (200), a shell (600) and a supporting cylinder (610), wherein the shell (100) and the shell (600) are cylindrical, the shell (600) is fixedly connected to one end of the shell (100), the inner diameter of the shell (600) is larger than the outer diameter of the shell (100), the medicine-shaped cover and the supporting cylinder (610) are arranged in the shell, the supporting cylinder (610) is arranged opposite to the shell (100), the medicine-shaped cover (200) is annular, two ends of the medicine-shaped cover are respectively abutted to the shell (100) and the supporting cylinder (610), and one end, far away from the shell (100), of the shell (600) is provided with an end cover (620) for supporting the supporting cylinder (610);

from the first end of medicine shape cover (200) extremely the middle part of medicine shape cover (200), the diameter of medicine shape cover (200) reduces gradually, from the middle part of medicine shape cover (200) extremely the second end of medicine shape cover (200), the diameter of medicine shape cover (200) increases gradually, the outer wall of medicine shape cover (200) is equipped with the weakening structure.

2. The primary detonator of claim 1 wherein the number of weakened structures is four, four of the weakened structures being spaced circumferentially around the liner (200).

3. The initiator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said weakening structure comprises a breaking groove (210), said breaking groove (210) extending in a radial extension direction of said outer wall.

4. The initiator according to claim 1, further comprising a partition plate (300), wherein the interior of the casing (100), the interior of the liner (200) and the interior of the support cylinder (610) communicate to form a receiving cavity, and wherein the partition plate (300) is installed in the casing (100) and divides the receiving cavity into a first chamber (110) and a second chamber (120);

the first chamber (110) is positioned below the second chamber (120) and inside the shell (600), the first chamber (110) is filled with a first main charge, and the second chamber (120) is filled with a second main charge.

5. The initiator according to claim 4, further comprising a reinforcement cap (400) and an initiator (500), the reinforcement cap (400) being disposed above the separator (300), the initiator (500) being disposed on the reinforcement cap (400).

6. The initiator according to claim 1, further comprising a weight (700), wherein the weight (700) is provided at a lower end of the supporting cylinder (610) and is connected to the supporting cylinder (610) and the end cap (620), respectively.

7. The initiator according to claim 6, wherein the weight (700) is tapered, a first end of the weight (700) has a smaller diameter than a second end of the weight (700), the first end of the weight (700) is connected to the support cylinder (610), and the second end of the weight (700) is connected to the end cap (620).

8. The initiator according to claim 4, further comprising a detonator (800) and a leg wire (900), wherein the detonator (800) protrudes through the barrier (300) into the first chamber (110), and wherein one end of the leg wire (900) is located outside the shell (100) and the other end is connected to the detonator (800).

9. The detonator of claim 8 wherein said primer (800) contains a reinforcing charge which is level with the central portion of said liner (200).