CN112112692B

CN112112692B - Turbine assembling method and lifting appliance

Info

Publication number: CN112112692B
Application number: CN201910529213.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡一廷; 姚星; 史新宇; 李志平; 朱亮
Original assignee: AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
Current assignee: AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-06-19
Filing date: 2019-06-19
Publication date: 2022-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-19
Also published as: CN112112692A

Abstract

The invention discloses a turbine assembling method and a lifting appliance, relates to the field of aircraft engines, and aims to optimize the assembling efficiency of a low-pressure turbine. The assembling method comprises the following steps: installing a guide mandrel on the base; the first-stage stator inner ring and the first-stage stator outer ring are coaxially arranged on the base together with the guide mandrel; hoisting a turbine disc of the primary rotor by using a lifting appliance; coaxially connecting the lifting appliance with the guide mandrel; and moving the lifting appliance to drive the turbine disc to move until the turbine disc is installed in place. According to the technical scheme, the multistage turbine rotor is accurately hoisted, the turbine disc has good centering guide in the hoisting process of the rotor turbine disc, the rotor and the stator are prevented from being scraped and damaged in the installation process, the assembly quality of the unit body of the low-vortex rotor and the stator is improved, and the possibility of scraping due to the fact that the gap between the rotor and the stator is too small and the operation is improper is reduced.

Description

Turbine assembling method and lifting appliance

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aircraft engines, in particular to a turbine assembling method and a lifting appliance.

Background

The low-vortex stator unit body is an important component of an engine. The low-pressure turbine rotor-stator unit body comprises a rotor, a stator and a casing. The rotor and the stator are tightly sealed by adopting the labyrinth, so that air leakage is reduced. To ensure turbine efficiency, the radial clearance of the rotor and stator is about 0.8 mm. The assembly method adopted at present directly hooks the rotor through the lifting appliance and then installs the edge installation hole, so as to realize the installation of the rotor.

The inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art: in addition, in the hoisting process, the comb teeth of the rotor and the honeycombs of the stator are easy to scrape and touch, so that the parts are damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a turbine assembling method and a lifting appliance, which are used for optimizing the assembling efficiency of a low-pressure turbine.

The invention provides a turbine assembling method, which comprises the following steps:

a guide mandrel is arranged on the base;

mounting a primary stator inner ring and a primary stator outer ring on the base coaxially with the guide mandrel;

hoisting a turbine disc of the primary rotor by using a lifting appliance;

coaxially connecting a lifting appliance with the guide mandrel;

and moving the lifting appliance to drive the turbine disc to move until the turbine disc is installed in place.

In some embodiments, the hanger hangs over the inner edge of the through hole of the turbine disk.

In some embodiments, the turbine includes a multi-stage stator inner ring, a multi-stage stator outer ring, and a multi-stage turbine disk; and the stator inner ring, the stator outer ring and the turbine disc at each stage are sequentially installed.

In some embodiments, said mounting a primary stator inner ring and a primary stator outer ring to said base coaxially with said guiding mandrel comprises:

mounting a primary stator inner ring and the guide mandrel on the base coaxially;

and a primary stator outer ring and the guide mandrel are coaxially arranged on the base.

In some embodiments, before said installing the guide mandrel on the base, further comprising the steps of:

mounting a case to the base.

In some embodiments, the spreader comprises a guide, and the coaxially coupling the spreader with the guide mandrel comprises:

and connecting the guide part with the guide mandrel, and enabling the guide hole of the guide part to be coaxial with the guide mandrel.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a lifting appliance, which is used for the turbine assembling method provided by any technical scheme of the invention, and the lifting appliance comprises:

the connecting part is used for connecting with the crown block;

a drive mechanism mounted on the connecting portion;

a chucking part for chucking a turbine disc of the rotor; the clamping part is in driving connection with the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used for driving and adjusting the opening angle of the clamping part so as to lift the turbine discs with different inner diameter sizes; and

the guide part is connected with the clamping part; the guide portion includes a guide hole for coaxial mounting with the guide spindle.

In some embodiments, the connecting portion is configured to be freely rotatable relative to the drive mechanism.

In some embodiments, the drive mechanism comprises:

a screw;

the first connecting body is fixedly connected with the screw;

the second connecting body is in threaded connection with the screw; and

the second connecting body is connected with the first connecting body through the first connecting rod assembly; the clamping part is arranged on the second connecting body.

In some embodiments, the second connector is located at an end of the first connector facing away from the connecting portion; the clamping part is positioned on one side of the second connecting body, which deviates from the first connecting rod component.

In some embodiments, the first link assembly comprises more than two sets, each set comprising two links with rotatably connected ends; the first end of each first link assembly is rotatably connected with the first connecting body, and the second end of each first link assembly is rotatably connected with the second connecting body.

In some embodiments, the first link assemblies are evenly distributed around the circumference of the screw.

In some embodiments, the spreader further comprises:

the guide part and the clamping part are connected through the second connecting rod assembly.

In some embodiments, the second linkage assembly comprises more than two sets, each set comprising two links with rotatably connected ends; the first end of each second connecting rod component is rotatably connected with the clamping part, and the second end of each second connecting rod component is rotatably connected with the guide part.

In some embodiments, each of the second link assemblies is evenly distributed around a circumference of the guide hole of the guide portion.

In some embodiments, the drive mechanism further comprises:

and the force application rod is fixed with the screw rod and is used for driving the screw rod to rotate relative to the second connecting body.

In some embodiments, the holding part is rod-shaped, and the free end of the holding part is provided with a hook claw bent outwards, and the hook claw is used for hooking the inner edge of the through hole of the turbine disc.

In some embodiments, the guide is annular.

According to the technical scheme, the guide mandrel is arranged firstly, and then the stator inner rings, the stator outer rings and the rotor turbine disc at all levels are installed. During the mounting process of the stator and the rotor, the guide mandrels are taken as reference and are coaxially mounted with the guide mandrels. The multi-stage turbine disk and the multi-stage stator inner and outer rings of the turbine have the same coaxial reference during installation. Therefore, the technical scheme realizes accurate hoisting of the turbine disc of the multistage turbine rotor, the turbine disc has good centering guide in the hoisting process, damage to parts caused by scraping of the rotor in the installation process is reduced or even avoided, the assembly quality of the low-vortex rotor and stator unit body is improved, and the possibility of scraping due to too small clearance of the rotor and stator and misoperation is reduced.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of assembling a turbine provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor and stator unit of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a multi-stage rotor hoisting of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hanger for hanging a turbine disk according to another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a spreader according to another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic partial perspective view of a spreader according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a top view of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 7;

fig. 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 8.

Detailed Description

The technical solution provided by the present invention is explained in more detail with reference to fig. 1 to 9.

The aero-engine comprises a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, a tail nozzle and the like. The turbine includes a rotor and a stator 200. The rotor includes a multi-stage turbine disk 100 and a packing ring. The stator 200 includes a casing, a multi-stage stator inner ring 202, and a multi-stage stator outer ring 201.

During assembly, a mode of alternately assembling the first-stage turbine disc 100 and the first-stage stator inner ring and the first-stage stator outer ring is adopted. Specifically, for a stage one rotor and stator, the stage one stator inner ring 202 is installed first; then the stator outer ring 201 is installed; the turbine disk 100 of the rotor of that stage is then installed. The above sequence is then repeated for the next rotor: firstly, a secondary stator inner ring 202 is installed; then a secondary stator outer ring 201 is installed; finally, the turbine disk 100 of the secondary rotor is mounted. In this order, the installation of all stages of turbine disks 100 and the inner and outer rings of the stages of stators is completed. Referring to fig. 2, the radial clearance a of the rotor and stator 200 of the same stage is about 0.8 mm. The specific method of assembly of the turbine is described below.

Referring to fig. 1-3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a turbine assembly method, including the steps of:

step S10 is to attach the guide mandrel 6 to the base.

In the above step S10, the guide spindle 6 is detachably fixed to the base, for example. The guiding mandrel 6 is a straight shaft which is used to provide an axis reference for the subsequent component installation. The guide mandrel 6 is provided with a threaded section, for example, to enable a detachable connection of the guide mandrel 6 to the base.

Step S20 is to mount the primary stator inner ring 202 and the primary stator outer ring 201 on the base coaxially with the guide spindle 6.

Each stage of the stator inner and outer rings includes a stator inner ring 202 and a stator outer ring 201. The central axes of the stator inner ring 202 and the stator outer ring 201 coincide with the central axis of the guide spindle 6.

Specifically, the above step S20 is performed by: firstly, a first-stage stator inner ring 202 and a guide mandrel 6 are coaxially arranged on a base; and then the primary stator outer ring 201 and the guide mandrel 6 are coaxially arranged on the base.

And step S30, lifting the turbine disc 100 of the rotor in the rotor and the stator of the same stage by using a lifting appliance.

The specific structure of the spreader will be described later.

And step S40, coaxially connecting the lifting appliance with the guide mandrel 6.

The central axis L1 of the guide hole 41 of the spreader coincides with the central axis L2 of the guide spindle 6.

And step S50, moving the lifting appliance to drive the turbine disc 100 to move until the turbine disc 100 is installed in place.

In keeping with the above, the turbine includes a rotor and a stator 200. The rotor includes a multi-stage turbine disk 100, and the stator 200 includes a multi-stage stator inner ring 202 and a multi-stage stator outer ring 201. For each stage of rotor stator, a turbine disc 100, a stator outer ring 201 and a stator inner ring 202 are included. The rotor and stator for each stage are installed according to the above steps S20 to S50 until the installation of the turbine disc 100, the stator outer ring 201, and the stator inner ring 202 for each stage is completed.

In some embodiments, the slings suspend the inner edges of the through holes 102 of the turbine disk 100. This way, the defects caused by the fact that the lifting tool hooks the mounting edge 101 after the turbine are avoided, and the position of the axis of the turbine disc 100 of the rotor can be easily positioned in the mounting process.

In some embodiments, the turbine includes a multi-stage stator inner ring 202, a multi-stage stator outer ring 201, and a multi-stage turbine disk 100. The stator inner ring 202, the stator outer ring 201 and the turbine disc 100 of each stage are installed in sequence.

In some embodiments, prior to step S10, the turbine assembly method further includes the steps of: the receiver 300 is mounted to the base.

In some embodiments, the spreader comprises a guide 4, and coaxially connecting the spreader to a guide mandrel 6 comprises: the guide part 4 is connected to the guide mandrel 6 such that the guide hole 41 of the guide part 4 is coaxial with the guide mandrel 6.

The guide 4 is, for example, annular.

Referring to fig. 1-6, specific embodiments are described below.

Step one, the turbine casing 300 is installed at the supporting position of the stator 200 of the rotor-stator assembly base.

And step two, installing a 1-stage stator outer ring 201.

And step three, mounting the lifting appliance on a turbine disc 100 of the 1-stage rotor, and driving the first connecting body 22 of the lifting appliance to move downwards through the driving mechanism 2. Under the action of the second connecting rod assembly 5 of the hanger, the clamping part 3 expands outwards to hook the turbine disc 100 connected with the rotor.

And step four, mounting the 1-stage rotor on a rotor supporting position of a rotor and stator assembling seat through a turbine disc 100 assembly lifting appliance. Before the turbine disk 100 of the rotor is not assembled in place, the guide hole 41 of the guide portion 4 is in contact with the guide spindle 6 mounted on the rotor and stator assembly base. Under the guidance of the guide mandrel 6, the turbine disc of the rotor falls down along the axis of the stator 200, and the turbine disc 100 of the rotor is prevented from being scraped against the stator 200.

And step five, enabling the first connecting body 22 of the lifting appliance to move upwards through the driving mechanism 2 of the lifting appliance, enabling the clamping part 3 to contract inwards under the action of the second connecting rod assembly 5, enabling the lifting appliance to be separated from the turbine disc 100, and removing the lifting appliance.

And step six, installing the next-stage stator inner ring 202, specifically installing the 2-stage stator inner ring 202.

And seventhly, assembling the stator outer ring 201, the turbine disc 100 of the rotor and the stator inner ring 202 of other stages one by one.

Referring to fig. 3 to 9, further embodiments of the present invention further provide a lifting appliance for implementing the turbine assembling method according to any of the above technical solutions.

Referring to fig. 3 to 5, the spreader comprises a link 1, a drive mechanism 2 and a catch 3. The connecting part 1 is used for connecting with a crown block. The drive mechanism 2 is attached to the connecting portion 1. The chucking part 3 is used to chuck the turbine disk 100 of the rotor. The clamping part 3 is in driving connection with the driving mechanism 2, and the driving mechanism 2 is used for driving and adjusting the opening angle of the clamping part 3 so as to lift the turbine discs 100 of rotors with different inner diameter sizes. The guide portion 4 is connected to the chucking portion 3. The guide portion 4 includes a guide hole 41 for mounting coaxially with the guide spindle 6.

The driving mechanism 2 is used for realizing the size of the opening angle of the clamping part 3 so as to meet the hoisting requirements of the turbine discs 100 of rotors with different sizes. A specific implementation of the drive mechanism 2 will be described in detail later.

Referring to fig. 5 and 9, in some embodiments, the link 1 is configured to be freely rotatable relative to the drive mechanism 2.

Specifically, the lower part of the connecting part 1 is provided with a mounting hole 12, and a connecting block 11 is arranged in the mounting hole 12. The connecting block 11 is connected with the second bolt 8 through the first bolt 9. The middle part of the second bolt 8 is provided with a groove 81, and the groove 81 is internally provided with a bush 13, a disc 14 and an elastic sheet 15 which are fixed with the connecting block 11. The lower end of the groove 81 is provided with a clamping groove 82. One end of the elastic piece 15 is clamped into the clamping groove 82 of the second bolt 8, and the other end of the elastic piece 15 is abutted against the disc 14. One end of the disc 14 is stepped, and the stepped end of the disc 14 is in contact with the second bolt 8 and the elastic piece 15, respectively. The other end of the disc 14 contacts the nut 7. The nut 7 is screwed to the lower end of the second bolt 8. A screw 21 described later is screw-engaged with the nut 7.

By means of the structure, in the hoisting process, the turbine disc 100 of the rotor can freely rotate along the axis of the screw rod 21, so that the installation holes in the base can be conveniently aligned, and the assembly efficiency of the low-vortex rotor stator unit body is improved.

Referring to fig. 5-9, in some embodiments, the drive mechanism 2 includes a screw 21, a first connecting body 22, and a second connecting body 23. The first connecting body 22 is fixedly connected with the screw 21. The second connecting body 23 is threadedly coupled to the screw 21, and is coupled to the first connecting body 22 by a first link assembly 24. The catch 3 is mounted to the second connecting body 23.

The first connecting body 22 and the second connecting body 23 are, for example, annular.

Referring to fig. 5, the catches 3 include a plurality of catches 3, and the plurality of catches 3 are uniformly distributed with respect to the circumferential direction of the guide spindle 6.

Referring to fig. 5-9, in some embodiments, the second connector 23 is located at an end of the first connector 22 facing away from the connector 1; the catch 3 is located on the side of the second connecting body 23 facing away from the first link assembly 24.

Referring to fig. 5-9, in some embodiments, the first link assembly 24 includes more than two sets, each set including two rotatably connected links. A first end of each first link assembly 24 is rotatably coupled to the first connecting body 22, and a second end of each first link assembly 24 is rotatably coupled to the second connecting body 23.

The length of the first link assembly 24 is changed so that the distance between the first connecting body 22 and the second connecting body 23 in the axial direction of the guide spindle 6 is changed to change the opening angle of the catch 3.

The first connecting rod assembly 24 and the force application rod 25 are used for shrinking and expanding the lifting tool, the lifting of the turbine discs 100 with different inner diameters is met, the rotors with different levels and sizes share the same lifting tool, and the design and manufacturing cost of special tools is reduced.

In the technical scheme, a guide mandrel 6 is used as a reference axis of the geometric center of the turbine disc 100 and the stator 200 of the low-pressure turbine rotor. When the rotors at all stages are hoisted, the rotors are guided by the guide mandrels 6, the guide mandrels 6 are installed on the low-vortex stator installation seats, and the axes of the guide mandrels 6 are used as the common axes of the rotors and the stators 200. The rotor is rotated along the axis in the hoisting process through the rotatable connecting part 1, and the requirement of adjusting and aligning the mounting holes is met.

Referring to fig. 5 to 9, in some embodiments, the first link assemblies 24 are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the screw 21 so that the catching of the holding part 3 is reliable.

Referring to fig. 5 to 9, in some embodiments, the guide portion 4 and the catch portion 3 are connected by a second link assembly 5.

Specifically, the second connecting rod assembly 5 comprises more than two groups, and each group comprises two connecting rods with the ends rotatably connected; a first end of each second link assembly 5 is rotatably connected to the retaining portion 3, and a second end of each second link assembly 5 is rotatably connected to the guide portion 4.

The guide part 4 and the second connecting rod assembly 5 form an auxiliary support of the lifting appliance, so that the strength and stability of the lifting appliance are enhanced, and the service life of the lifting appliance is prolonged.

Because the low vortex rotor has multistage, and the axial span is great, and the davit (being card portion 3) of hoist is longer, in order to reduce the risk that has the intensity not enough, through the mode that auxiliary stay combines together with guide part 4, has improved the intensity and the stability of hoist, prolongs the life of hoist.

In some embodiments, the second connecting-rod assemblies 5 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the guide hole 41 of the guide portion 4.

Referring to fig. 5 to 9, in order to facilitate adjustment of the opening angle of the catch 3, in some embodiments, the driving mechanism 2 further includes a force applying rod 25, and the force applying rod 25 is fixed with the screw 21 and is used for driving the screw 21 to rotate relative to the second connecting body 23.

Referring to fig. 5 to 9, in some embodiments, the holding part 3 is rod-shaped, and the free end of the holding part 3 is provided with a hook 31 bent outward, and the hook 31 is used for hooking the inner edge of the disk center through hole of the rotor.

In some embodiments, the guide 4 is annular.

The lifting appliance is integrated with a guide ring as a guide part 4, the rotor is lifted along the axis by the guide of the guide ring and the guide mandrel 6, and the rotor and the stator 200 are prevented from being scraped and colliding to damage machine parts.

Because the diameter of the turbine rotor is large, the weight of the single-stage rotor is about 100kg, and the rear mounting edge 101 of the turbine is thin, the rear mounting edge 101 of the turbine is hoisted by the mounting edge in the related art, so that the mounting edge is easy to deform, and the coaxiality of the rotor is unqualified. By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the coaxiality of the turbine disc 100, the stator inner ring 202 and the stator outer ring 201 of the turbine can be improved.

The lifting appliance provided by the technical scheme is suitable for lifting multistage rotors with different inner diameters; the centering guide of the rotor is realized by means of the guide mandrel 6 in the hoisting process of the rotor, so that the orientation of the rotor can be adjusted along the axis in the hoisting process, and the rotor is aligned with the mounting hole; and the geometric axes of the rotor and the stator 200 are unified.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: it is to be understood that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof, but such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of assembling a turbine, comprising the steps of:

installing a guide mandrel on the base;

hoisting a turbine disc of the primary rotor by using a lifting appliance; the lifting appliance lifts the inner edge of the through hole of the turbine disc;

coaxially connecting a lifting appliance with the guide mandrel;

2. The turbine assembly method of claim 1, wherein the turbine includes a multi-stage stator inner ring, a multi-stage stator outer ring, and a multi-stage turbine disk; and the stator inner ring, the stator outer ring and the turbine disc at each stage are sequentially installed.

3. The turbine assembling method according to claim 1, wherein said mounting a first-stage stator inner ring and a first-stage stator outer ring to the base coaxially with the guide spindle includes:

4. The method of assembling a turbine according to claim 1, further comprising, prior to said installing a guide mandrel on a base, the steps of:

a case is mounted to the base.

5. The turbine assembly method of claim 1, wherein the spreader includes a guide, and wherein coaxially coupling the spreader with the guide mandrel includes:

6. A hanger for use in the turbine assembling method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hanger comprises:

a connecting part (1) for connecting with a crown block;

a drive mechanism (2) attached to the connection section (1);

a chucking part (3) for chucking a turbine disk (100) of the rotor; the clamping part (3) is in driving connection with the driving mechanism (2), and the driving mechanism (2) is used for driving and adjusting the opening angle of the clamping part (3) so as to hoist the turbine discs (100) with different inner diameter sizes; and

a guide part (4) connected with the clamping part (3); the guide part (4) comprises a guide hole (41) for coaxial mounting with the guide mandrel (6).

7. A spreader according to claim 6, wherein the connection (1) is configured to be freely rotatable relative to the drive mechanism (2).

8. The spreader according to claim 6, wherein the drive mechanism (2) comprises:

a screw (21);

the first connecting body (22) is fixedly connected with the screw rod (21);

a second connection body (23) in threaded connection with the screw (21); and

a first link assembly (24) through which the second link body (23) and the first link body (22) are connected; the clamping part (3) is arranged on the second connecting body (23).

9. The spreader according to claim 8, wherein the second connection body (23) is located at an end of the first connection body (22) facing away from the connection portion (1); the clamping part (3) is positioned on one side of the second connecting body (23) departing from the first connecting rod component (24).

10. A spreader according to claim 8, wherein the first link assemblies (24) comprise more than two sets, each set comprising two pivotally connected links; the first end of each first link assembly (24) is rotatably connected with the first connecting body (22), and the second end of each first link assembly (24) is rotatably connected with the second connecting body (23).

11. A spreader according to claim 10, wherein the first link assemblies (24) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the threaded rod (21).

12. The spreader of claim 8, further comprising:

the guide part (4) is connected with the clamping part (3) through the second connecting rod assembly (5).

13. A spreader according to claim 12, wherein the second linkage assembly (5) comprises more than two sets, each set comprising two links with rotatably connected ends; the first end of each second connecting rod component (5) is rotatably connected with the clamping part (3), and the second end of each second connecting rod component (5) is rotatably connected with the guide part (4).

14. A spreader according to claim 13, wherein the second link assemblies (5) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the guide hole (41) of the guide portion (4).

15. The spreader according to claim 8, wherein the drive mechanism (2) further comprises:

and the force application rod (25) is fixed with the screw rod (21) and is used for driving the screw rod (21) to rotate relative to the second connecting body (23).

16. The spreader according to claim 6, wherein the catch (3) is rod-shaped, and the free end of the catch (3) is provided with outwardly bent fingers (31), the fingers (31) being used to hook the inner edge of the through hole (102) of the turbine disc (100).

17. A spreader according to claim 6, wherein the guides (4) are annular.