CN112112630A - Sector sound wave relative amplitude calculation method based on attenuation rate scales - Google Patents
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
- E21B47/16—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the drill string or casing, e.g. by torsional acoustic waves
Abstract
The invention discloses a sector sound wave relative amplitude calculation method based on attenuation rate scales, which comprises the following steps of: 1) carrying out 3ft probe acoustic wave response consistency calibration on an acoustic wave variable density measuring unit of the radial acoustic wave amplitude logging instrument; 2) calibrating the acoustic wave response consistency of a sector acoustic wave probe for an acoustic wave variable density measuring unit of the radial acoustic wave amplitude logging instrument; 3) selecting a section of well section on a logging site, recording a plurality of points at fixed points of an instrument, and obtaining related scale parameters; 4) ALK (amplitude of attenuation) of sound wave of each sector of each measuring point is obtained based on related scale parametersjSector acoustic wave amplitude: 5) and logging according to the requirements of the instrument, and calculating and outputting the relative sound wave amplitude value of each sector. Therefore, each sector can calculate the cement bond rate of each sector according to the existing explanation plate, and the quantitative description of the sector cement cementing quality is realized; thereby, the curve quality and the interpretation accuracy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum logging, in particular to a sector sound wave relative amplitude calculation method based on attenuation rate scales.
Background
The well cementation quality evaluation well logging is an important basis for inspecting the well cementation construction quality and is also a basic basis for deploying oil testing, gas testing and analyzing the productivity of a production layer. The radial sound wave amplitude logging instrument is an important tool for evaluating the well cementation quality and is one of main means for accurately describing the distribution condition of cement outside a casing. Wherein, radial sound wave amplitude logging instrument includes 8 sectors radial sound wave amplitude logging instruments, 6 sectors radial sound wave amplitude logging instruments again, and its probe structure is: the system comprises 1 common transmitting probe, 8 or 6 receiving probes (called sector acoustic probes) are uniformly arranged at the source distance position with the source distance of 1.5 feet (or other sizes) in the circumferential direction, and a whole-borehole acoustic wave receiving transducer is respectively arranged at the source distances of 3 feet and 5 feet. The combination of the transmitting probe, the 3-foot receiving probe and the 5-foot receiving probe realizes the function of acoustic variable density logging; the transmitting probe-sector acoustic probe realizes the function of radial acoustic amplitude logging.
The scale of the equipment still adopts an empty sleeve scale method: the sound amplitude, the variable density and the sound wave amplitude of eight sectors are scaled asTheoretical engineering value. Where the theoretical engineering values require that the measurement environment meet certain criteria (e.g. 139.7mm outer diameter casing, 8mm wall thickness, and a fluid density in the casing-formation annulus of 1.0g/cm3). In actual work, because many wells have no empty sleeves, free sleeve scales are difficult to implement, and the adjacent well scales are adopted for replacement, so that deviation is generated under the influence of slurry components and the size difference of the sleeve. During the calibration, the free sleeve is manually identified by an operator, and the human factor can cause larger calibration deviation; even if the well section is empty, the density of the casing-formation annulus medium may not be 1.0g/cm3(including various components such as the pad fluid) and the scale deviation caused by the artificial setting to a fixed value.
In addition, in the original empty calibration method, the theoretical engineering value of the relative sound wave amplitude of the sector is the same as the theoretical engineering value of the variable density of the sound wave. In fact, the source distance of the sector acoustic probe is 1.5 feet, the source distance of the acoustic variable density is 3 feet (referring to an acoustic amplitude curve), so that the relative acoustic amplitude value of the sector is not comparable to the relative acoustic amplitude of the acoustic variable density (the relative acoustic amplitude of the acoustic variable density has practical engineering significance: in a well with a casing diameter of 178mm and a wall thickness of 8mm, the relative acoustic amplitudes 10 and 20 respectively represent that the cement cementation rate is 50 percent and 30 percent), and the difference of cement cementation of different sectors can only be indicated qualitatively, and the requirement of fine interpretation of the cement cementation quality cannot be met.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a scientific, radial sonic amplitude well logging calibration method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of quantitative calibration of the relative amplitude of radial acoustic amplitude logging, the invention provides a sector acoustic relative amplitude calculation method based on attenuation rate calibration.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the sector acoustic wave relative amplitude calculation method based on the attenuation rate scales comprises the following steps of:
step 1) according to the sector attenuation rate equal to the sum of the average attenuation rate and the differential attenuation rate, wherein the average attenuation rate is equal to the attenuation rate of the acoustic wave variable density measuring unit, and the differential attenuation rate can be obtained by the difference relation between the amplitude of the current sector and the average amplitude, so as to obtain the attenuation rate of each measuring unit of the sector acoustic wave amplitude;
and 2) calculating and outputting the relative sound wave amplitude value of each sector according to the attenuation rate of each measuring unit of the sound wave amplitude of each sector.
Preferably, the specific steps of step 1) are as follows:
step 11) obtaining an attenuation rate ALK of the acoustic variable density measuring unitcbl：
In the formula: AM 3-Acoustic amplitude, mv, for a 3ft probe;
AM 5-Acoustic amplitude, mv, for a 5ft probe.
Wherein, the acoustic wave response consistency calibration is required to be carried out on a 3ft probe and a 5ft probe.
Step 12) obtaining an attenuation ratio ALK of each sectori(8 sectors are taken as an example, where the source distance of the sector probe is 1.5 feet):
in the formula, AM 3-the acoustic amplitude, mv, of the 3ft probe;
AM 5-Acoustic amplitude, mv, for a 5ft probe;
ap — average acoustic amplitude, mv, for 8 sector probes, calculated by:
Aii the acoustic amplitude of the sector probe, mv;
wherein, the sector acoustic wave probe is required to make acoustic wave response consistency calibration;
if the borehole mud is not 1.0g/cm3And if the thickness of the sleeve wall is not 8.0mm, corresponding correction is needed.
Preferably, the step 2) comprises the following steps:
relative sound wave amplitude SFj for each sector:
in the formula:
AMX-the theoretical value of the maximum relative amplitude corresponding to the outside diameter of the well casing to be measured, for example, this value is 72 in a casing with an outside diameter of 139.7mm and a wall thickness of 8mm, and is dimensionless;
ALK0the attenuation ratio of the free casing corresponding to the outer diameter of the well casing to be tested, for example, 4.42dB/m, dB/m for a casing with an outer diameter of 139.7mm and a wall thickness of 8 mm;
ALKi-the decay rate of i sectors, dB/m, is obtained from step 1).
Wherein, the acoustic frequency of the transmitting probe of the instrument is required to be 20KHz, and if the acoustic frequency is not 20K, the frequency effect calibration is carried out.
Compared with the prior art, after the scale of the scheme is adopted, the radial sound wave amplitude logging can output m relative sound amplitudes of sectors which have the same significance as the relative sound amplitude of the conventional sound wave variable density; therefore, each sector can work out the cement bond rate of each sector according to the existing explanation plate (as shown in the figure, the relative sound amplitude and the cement bond rate correlation plate in the casing with the external diameter of 178mm and the wall thickness of 8mm), thereby realizing the quantitative description of the sector cement cementing quality; thereby, the curve quality and the interpretation accuracy are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a sector acoustic wave relative amplitude calculation method based on attenuation rate scales;
FIG. 2 shows the correlation between relative sound amplitude and cement bond rate (external diameter of the casing tube 178mm, wall thickness 8 mm).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for calculating relative amplitude of sector acoustic waves based on attenuation rate scales of the present invention includes:
1) and calibrating the acoustic response consistency of the 3ft probe in the radial acoustic amplitude logging data.
2) And calibrating the acoustic wave response consistency of the sector acoustic wave probe for the acoustic wave variable density measuring unit of the radial acoustic wave amplitude logging instrument.
3) And 8, calculating the average sound wave amplitude and the average attenuation rate of each sector.
4) The decay rate of each sector is calculated.
5) The relative sound amplitude of each sector is calculated.
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific examples:
example 1
A sector sound wave relative amplitude calculation method based on attenuation rate scales comprises the following steps:
1) implementing acoustic response consistency calibration for a 3ft probe of a radial acoustic amplitude logging instrument
The calibration method requires another patent application: the acoustic amplitude attenuation rate calibration method of the acoustic variable density logging instrument is disclosed. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the instrument is placed in a sleeve in the middle, the sleeve is placed in a pressure container, a transmitting probe is placed in the sleeve and at the tail end of the acoustic variable density instrument, the distance from the transmitting probe to a 5ft probe of the acoustic variable density instrument is 3ft, and the frequency is equal to that of the transmitting probe of the logging instrument. The 3ft probe and the 5ft probe of the logging instrument respond to the emission probe of the logging instrument and the emission probe of the calibration device in a time-sharing manner.
(2) When a transmitting probe of the logging instrument transmits, the instrument records a certain amount of data, and the average sound wave amplitudes of the 3ft probe and the 5ft probe are respectively: a. the3ft、A5ft。
(3) When the emission probe at the tail end of the instrument emits, the instrument records a certain amount of data, and the average sound wave amplitude of the 3ft probe and the 5ft probe responding to the tail probe is calculated, wherein the average sound wave amplitude is as follows: a. the3'ft、A'5ft。
(4) The acoustic wave response consistency calibration coefficient of the acoustic wave variable density 3ft probe is obtained:
(5) after consistency calibration, the acoustic amplitude of the 3ft probe is a · AM3, where AM3 is the original acoustic amplitude of the 3ft probe, mv.
2) Sector probe acoustic response consistency calibration
The calibration method requires another patent application: 'a radial acoustic amplitude logger rotating structure probe calibration device'. The method is briefly described as follows:
(1) placing the instrument in a casing, and recording and obtaining the average amplitudes A11, A21, A31, A41, A51, A61, A71 and A81 of the probes of all sectors; after rotating the instrument by 45 degrees (aiming at 8 sectors), recording the same amount of data, and averaging amplitudes A12, A22, A32, A42, A52, A62, A72 and A82; rotating the cylinder by 45 degrees … …; after 7 th revolution, average amplitudes a18, a28, a38, a48, a58, a68, a78, a88 were obtained.
(2) The consistency difference coefficient X of the probe of the i sector can be obtained when the probe is over against the j area of the casingij：
Xij＝Aij/Aj
In the formula:
Aijaverage amplitude after j-1 rotations of the i sector probe (assuming j sectors are directly opposite), i, j are 1, 2 … … 8;
Ajaverage amplitude of 8 sector probes in j sector.
(3) Obtaining the consistency calibration coefficient X of the i sector probeiComprises the following steps:
in the formula:
Xijthe coefficient of the difference in consistency of the i sector probe over the j zone of the casingAnd is given by the formula (3).
(4) After the consistency is calibrated, the sound wave amplitude AM of the i sectoriComprises the following steps:
AMi＝Ai/Xi (mv)
after the eight-sector probe response consistency is calibrated, the difference of the sound wave amplitude of each sector is only related to the cementation rate.
3) Calculating sector average sound wave amplitude
ApSector average acoustic amplitude:
wherein m is the number of the sector acoustic wave probes.
(4) Calculating the attenuation rate ALK of the sound wave of each sector of each measuring pointjSector acoustic wave amplitude:
the theory of sound wave propagation can prove that:
ALKi＝ALKp+ALKRi
wherein: ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase)pFor the average attenuation rate, assuming that the bonding rate between the emission probe of the logging instrument and the 5ft probe of the target layer is unchanged, the bonding rate can be proved by the acoustic wave propagation theory:
in the formula, AM 3-the amplitude of sound waves (calibrated for consistency) for a 3ft probe, mv;
AM 5-Acoustic amplitude, mv, for a 5ft probe.
Ap-average sound wave amplitude of 8 sector probes (source distance 0.457m), mv;
ai-i the acoustic amplitude of the sector probe, mv.
(5) Calculating relative sound wave amplitude SF of each sectori：
Where AMX, the maximum relative sound amplitude in a free casing, is constant (e.g., 61 for a 178mm OD casing; 72 for a 139.7mm OD casing);
ALK0the attenuation rate in the free casing, constant (looked up by the plate), dB/m;
ALKi-attenuation ratio of i sector of the destination layer, dB/m.
The relative sound amplitude is the relative sound amplitude after the scale division.
The relative sound amplitude is the relative sound amplitude after the scale division.
Examples are as follows:
in a casing with an outer diameter of 139.7mm and a wall thickness of 8mm, the sound wave amplitudes of the eight-sector logging instrument are respectively 130mv, 127mv, 142mv, 100mv, 136mv, 128mv, 122mv and 123mv, wherein the response consistency calibration coefficients of 8 sectors are respectively 1.1, 1.02, 1.3, 1.1, 1.03, 0.82, 0.83 and 0.89; the sound wave amplitudes of a 3ft probe and a 5ft probe in the sound wave variable density measuring unit are 870mv and 450mv respectively, and the consistency calibration coefficient of the 3ft probe is 1.12.
The relative sound amplitude of each sector is calculated as follows:
(1) and (3) solving the acoustic wave amplitude after the 3ft probe response consistency calibration in the acoustic variable density measurement unit of the 8-sector logging instrument:
870×1.12＝974.4
(2) and (3) carrying out response consistency calibration on the amplitude of the sound wave of each sector:
the acoustic wave amplitude (unit: mv) values after the acoustic wave response consistency calibration of the 8 sectors are respectively as follows: 130/1.1, 127/1.02, 142/1.3, 100/1.1, 136/1.03, 128/0.82, 122/0.83, 123/0.89, i.e.: 118.18, 124.51, 109.23, 90.91, 132.04, 156.10, 146.99, 138.20.
(3) And (3) calculating the average attenuation rate of the sector average sound wave amplitude (equal to the attenuation rate of the sound wave variable density measuring unit):
sector average acoustic amplitude Ap:
AP＝(118.18×124.51×109.23×90.91×132.04×156.10×146.99×138.2)0.125＝125.41mv；
average attenuation rate (determined by sonic variable density measuring unit) ALKP：
(4) Determine an attenuation ratio ALK for each sectori:
By
The significance of each parameter is the same as the above, the attenuation rate value of each sector is (unit dB/m): 12.14, 11.15, 13.63, 17.12, 10.03, 6.85, 7.99, 9.17.
(5) Calculating relative sound amplitude SF of each sectori:
By
If the meaning of each parameter is the same, the relative sound amplitude of each sector is (ALK)04.42dB/m) of 31.96, 35.47, 27.31, 18.92, 39.89, 55.75, 49.43, 43.70. From the plate, the corresponding cementation rates are respectively: 13.9%, 20.1%, 24.5%, 31.1%, 18.1%, 12.3%, 14.3%, 16.5%.
Compared with the scale of the existing equipment, the scale of the existing equipment still adopts an empty sleeve scale method, a logging team is on the well, the best scale slurry mixing zone is often found out, and the best scale data cannot be obtained, so that the quality of a logging curve is influenced, and the interpretation accuracy is deviated. After the scale of the scheme is adopted, the radial sound wave amplitude logging can output m sector relative sound amplitudes which have the same significance as the relative sound amplitudes of the conventional sound wave variable density; therefore, each sector can calculate the cement bond rate of each sector according to the existing explanation plate (such as figure 2), and quantitative description of the sector cement cementing quality is realized.
Because the original logging method adopts an empty sleeve scale method, the judgment of the empty sleeve is manually judged, and the difference of the annular well fluid pair is ignored, the scale is inaccurate even if the empty sleeve exists; when empty casing does not exist (the current is most), the scale error of adjacent wells is larger due to the difference of well fluids in the wells and the difference of casings; the method introduces the attenuation interest rate parameter, the relative amplitude of the attenuation interest rate parameter is completely quantized, and the scale is automated, so that the logging result is more real, and the quality of the logging curve is obviously improved. Accordingly, the reliability of the logging interpretation based on the method is greatly improved; quantitative interpretation conclusions (the original method can only give qualitative conclusions) improve the accuracy of interpretation. For example, in the foregoing example, the cementation rate of each sector can be quantified, and the original method can only qualitatively indicate the cementation quality preference or deviation of a certain sector relative to other sectors.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A sector acoustic wave relative amplitude calculation method based on attenuation rate scales is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) according to the sector attenuation rate equal to the sum of the average attenuation rate and the differential attenuation rate, wherein the average attenuation rate is equal to the attenuation rate of the acoustic wave variable density measuring unit, and the differential attenuation rate can be obtained by the difference relation between the amplitude of the current sector and the average amplitude, so as to obtain the attenuation rate of each measuring unit of the sector acoustic wave amplitude;
and 2) calculating and outputting the relative sound wave amplitude value of each sector according to the attenuation rate of each measuring unit of the sound wave amplitude of each sector.
2. The method for calculating the relative amplitude of the sector sound wave based on the attenuation rate scale according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps in the step 1) are as follows:
step 11) obtaining an attenuation rate ALK of the acoustic variable density measuring unitcbl：
In the formula: AM 3-Acoustic amplitude, mv, for a 3ft probe;
AM 5-Acoustic amplitude, mv, for a 5ft probe.
Wherein, the acoustic wave response consistency calibration is required to be carried out on a 3ft probe and a 5ft probe.
Step 12) obtaining an attenuation ratio ALK of each sectori(8 sectors are taken as an example, where the source distance of the sector probe is 1.5 feet):
in the formula, AM 3-the acoustic amplitude, mv, of the 3ft probe;
AM 5-Acoustic amplitude, mv, for a 5ft probe;
ap — average acoustic amplitude, mv, for 8 sector probes, calculated by:
Ap＝(A1×A2×......Ag)0.125；
Aii the acoustic amplitude of the sector probe, mv;
wherein, the sector acoustic wave probe is required to make acoustic wave response consistency calibration;
if the borehole mud is not 1.0g/cm3And if the thickness of the sleeve wall is not 8.0mm, corresponding correction is needed.
3. The method for calculating the relative amplitude of the sector sound wave based on the attenuation rate scale according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) comprises the following specific steps:
relative sound wave amplitude SFj for each sector:
in the formula:
AMX-the theoretical value of the maximum relative amplitude corresponding to the outside diameter of the well casing to be measured, for example, this value is 72 in a casing with an outside diameter of 139.7mm and a wall thickness of 8mm, and is dimensionless;
ALK0the attenuation ratio of the free casing corresponding to the outer diameter of the well casing to be tested, for example, 4.42dB/m, dB/m for a casing with an outer diameter of 139.7mm and a wall thickness of 8 mm;
ALKi-the decay rate of i sectors, dB/m, is obtained from step 1).
Wherein, the acoustic frequency of the transmitting probe of the instrument is required to be 20KHz, and if the acoustic frequency is not 20K, the frequency effect calibration is carried out.
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