CN1121122C - Method and apparatus for encoding contour image of object in video signal - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for encoding contour image of object in video signal Download PDFInfo
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- CN1121122C CN1121122C CN96120393A CN96120393A CN1121122C CN 1121122 C CN1121122 C CN 1121122C CN 96120393 A CN96120393 A CN 96120393A CN 96120393 A CN96120393 A CN 96120393A CN 1121122 C CN1121122 C CN 1121122C
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- G06T9/00—Image coding
- G06T9/001—Model-based coding, e.g. wire frame
Abstract
The present invention relates to an apparatus for encoding a contour of an object, which determines a plurality of vertexes according to polygonal approximation to the contour. Each group of approximate errors, which are obtained by computing the places of sampling points with preset number on a line segment between each two adjacent vertexes, are converted for obtaining each corresponding group of conversion coefficients. The apparatus converts a part of the group of the conversion coefficients into zero according to each designation signal, which corresponds to each line segment, of each masking range. Consequently, each corresponding group of masking conversion coefficients are generated. Each masking conversion coefficient group is quantified and encoded for transmission by one transmitter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus to encoding video signal; More particularly, relate to a kind of can the coding to the profile of contained in a vision signal target effectively, and reduce the method and apparatus of the data volume that will send thus.
Background technology
In such as digital television systems such as video telephone, communication conference and high definition TVs, because each the video line signal in each frame of video signal all includes a series of numerical datas that are called pixel value, so in order to determine that each frame of video signal all needs a large amount of numerical datas.Yet, because the available frequency bandwidth of common transmission channel is limited, so in order to send a large amount of numerical datas by it, just have to utilize various data compression techniques to compress or reduce data volume, this is for all the more so the low-bit rate video signal coder situation as video telephone and communication conference.
For a compression coding technology of low rate encoding video signal system is decomposition/integrated encode technology at target, one of them input video image is broken down into a plurality of targets, and three groups of parameters that are used to define motion, profile and the pixel data of each target are handled with different coding channels.
When the profile of processing target, the information of profile is important for the shape of decomposition and integration objective.The coding method of representing a kind of classics of profile information is the chain compiling method.Though but the chain compiling method can not lost profile information, it needs a large amount of bits to represent its shape.
In order to overcome this shortcoming, the method for several coding profile informations had once been proposed, for example polygonal approximation and B batten are approximate.A shortcoming of polygonal approximation is its roughening when representing profile.On the other hand, can more accurately represent profile though the B batten is approximate, it needs senior time multinomial to reduce the error of approximation, thereby has increased the overall computational complexity of video encoder.
To represent these problems coarse and the increase computational complexity in order improving in the above-mentioned approximation method about profile, to have proposed some technology again, one of them is the contour approximation technology that adopts discrete sine transform (DST).
At total unsettled Chinese patent application NO.95104784.1, title " ACONTOUR APPROXIMATION APPARATUS FOR REPRESENTING A CONTOUR OF ANOBJECT (a kind of contour approximation equipment that is used for representing an objective contour) ", in the equipment of a kind of employing based on the contour approximation technology of polygonal approximation and DST is disclosed, wherein determined some summits, and come the polygonal approximation method of match profile to make approximate by some line segments the profile of target by utilizing.Simultaneously,, on each line segment, selected N sampled point, and calculated approximate error successively each sample point in the sampled point of the N on each line segment in order to obtain one group of approximate error to each line segment.This N sampled point is equally spaced on each line segment, and each approximate error is being represented the distance between each sample point profile and the line segment.By being carried out one dimension DST computing, each group approximate error respectively organized the DST coefficient then.
Though by using contour approximation might reduce the problem of representing coarse and computational complexity based on DST, and reduced the data volume that sends, but, still wish further to reduce the transmission data volume in order to realize for example sending the low rate encoding decode system that channel bandwidth is 64kb/s effectively.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, a main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus of the improved profile that is used for a target in the encoded video signal, and it can shelter some DST coefficients rightly by the output of handling according to polygonal approximation further reduce the transmission data volume.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind ofly improvedly can come the method and apparatus of enhancement quantized effect by the adaptive quantizer that utilization has various quantization steps.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of profile to the target represented with digital video signal to carry out Methods for Coding, it may further comprise the steps:
(a) determine some summits on the profile;
(b) by come the match profile to provide polygonal approximation to this profile with a plurality of line segments, produce the vertex information of the position of representing the profile summit thus, wherein each line segment is all linking two adjacent summits;
(c) on each line segment, get N sampled point respectively, and each line segment is calculated the error of N sample point on it, so that each line segment is produced a grouping error, wherein, an above-mentioned N sampled point is equally spaced on each line segment, the error of a sample point is represented the distance of this sample point from line segment to corresponding profile on the line segment, and N is a positive integer;
(d) grouping error of each line segment is carried out one dimension DST computing to produce one group of corresponding D ST coefficient;
(e) calculate the length L of each line segment between two adjacent vertexs;
(f) according to length L and number N, do not cover or cover some part in every group of conversion coefficient, each group that corresponds respectively to every group of conversion coefficient with generation is covered conversion coefficient, comprises step; (f11) produce corresponding to each of each line segment according to length L and number N and cover scope specification signal, wherein the coverage scope specification signal SMC for each line segment press following formula generation: SMC=N-(L-1), and wherein N is the number of sampled point; L represents two line segment lengths between the adjacent vertex, and wherein needs be re-set as zero to it less than zero the time when the value of coverage scope specification signal; (f12) cover above-mentioned every group of conversion coefficient according to the scope of coverage specification signal, to produce the corresponding conversion coefficient of covering of each group;
(g) cover conversion coefficient to every group respectively and convert to and organize quantization transform coefficient accordingly, comprise the following steps: that (g11) is quantized into first group of quantization transform coefficient to the low frequency coefficient in every group of coverage conversion coefficient according to first quantization step; (g12) according to second quantization step every group of high frequency coefficient of covering in the conversion coefficient is quantized into second group of quantization transform coefficient;
(h) quantization transform coefficient of respectively organizing that corresponds respectively to each line segment is encoded.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of equipment that the profile of the target represented with digital video signal is encoded, it comprises:
Be used for determining the device on some summits on the profile;
Be used for producing the device of the vertex information of the position of representing the profile summit thus by come the match profile to provide polygonal approximation to this profile with a plurality of line segments, wherein each line segment is all linking two adjacent summits;
Be used on each line segment, getting respectively N sampled point, and each line segment is calculated the error of N sample point on it, each line segment is produced the device of a grouping error, wherein, an above-mentioned N sampled point is equally spaced on each line segment, the error of a sample point is represented the distance of this sample point from line segment to corresponding profile on the line segment, and N is a positive integer;
Be used for a grouping error of each line segment is carried out one dimension DST computing to produce the device of one group of corresponding D ST coefficient;
Be used for calculating the device of the length L of each line segment between two adjacent vertexs;
Be used for not covering or cover some part in every group of conversion coefficient according to length L and number N, correspond respectively to the device of each group coverage conversion coefficient of every group of conversion coefficient with generation, comprise: be used for producing each that correspond respectively to each line segment and cover the device of scope specification signal according to length L and number N, wherein the coverage scope specification signal SMC for each line segment presses following formula generation: SMC=N-(L-1), and wherein N is the sampled point number; L represents two line segment lengths between the adjacent vertex, and wherein needs be re-set as zero to it less than zero the time when the value of coverage scope specification signal; Be used for covering above-mentioned every group of conversion coefficient, cover the device of conversion coefficient to produce above-mentioned corresponding each group according to the scope of coverage specification signal;
Be used for covering conversion coefficient to every group respectively and convert the device of organizing quantization transform coefficient accordingly to, comprising: be used for every group of low frequency coefficient of covering in the conversion coefficient being quantized into first of first group of quantization transform coefficient and install according to first quantization step; Being used for according to second quantization step every group of high frequency coefficient of covering in the conversion coefficient being quantized into second of second group of quantization transform coefficient installs; And
Be used for the quantization transform coefficient of respectively organizing that corresponds respectively to each line segment is carried out apparatus for encoding.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention and other purposes and characteristics will be by becoming clear below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing description of a preferred embodiment, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates the principle block diagram of the present invention to the equipment of objective contour coding;
Fig. 2 illustrates the more detailed block diagram of the coverage control module shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 A and 4B illustrate some exemplary patterns, and each figure is all represented the error between line segment connecting two summits and the contour segment corresponding with it;
Fig. 5 provides a processing of calculating line segment length; And
Fig. 6 represents and covers the example results of handling.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, wherein show principle block diagram according to the invention equipment that the profile of a target of representing with vision signal is encoded of the present invention.
The contour images data of target are transfused to polygonal approximation module 100 and sampling and error-detecting module 200 in the vision signal.
In polygonal approximation module 100,, obtain inputing to the polygonal approximation of profile of the target shape of this module by utilizing the common approximate data of coming the match profile by line segment.
Referring to Fig. 3 A to 3D, the there shows the processing to the polygonal approximation of an exemplary profile 10, wherein at first selects two initial vertexs.If this profile does not seal, then select two end points, as A among Fig. 3 A and B, as the initial vertex.On the other hand, close-shaped if this profile has, then select on the profile at a distance of farthest two points as the initial vertex.Then, determine on the profile 10 apart from line segment AB point, for example a C farthest.If the point of the C on the profile greater than a predetermined threshold TH1, then selects the C point to be another summit apart from the distance D max of line segment AB.This process repeats down always, and up to the line segment for two adjacent vertexs of each connection, Dmax becomes and is equal to or less than predetermined threshold TH1.
The number on summit is difference along with the difference of predetermined threshold TH1.As from Fig. 3 A to 3D as can be seen, TH1 diminishes gradually along with predetermined threshold, comes approximate contours 10 to become accurate gradually with line segment, and its cost is to reduce code efficiency.
Turn back to Fig. 1, represent all summits that are determined on the profile 10, for example the vertex information of the position of A to G is provided for sampling and error-detecting module 200, covers control module 400 and vertex encoding device 900 by circuit L10 from polygonal approximation module 100.
Sampling and error-detecting module 200 are selected N sampled point on each line segment, and according to the approximate error of N sample point on vertex information and each line segment of contour images data computation, wherein N sampled point is equally spaced on the line segment between each two summit, and N is a positive integer.The approximate error of a sample point is being represented line segment and its distance between the respective profile section of sample point that connects two summits.
Fig. 4 A and 4B show the exemplary patterns of representing the approximate error between line segment and the respective profile section, wherein, Fig. 4 A illustrates line segment AD and the approximate error between the respective profile section of the sample point on the line segment AD, and Fig. 4 B illustrates line segment CF and the approximate error between the respective profile section of the sample point on the line segment CF.Error d1 to d8 or d1 ' represent each sampled point S1 to S8 on the line segment AD or the distance of each the sampled point S1 ' on the line segment CF to S8 ' to the respective profile section respectively to d8 '.As can be seen, the approximate error at summit place always equals " zero " from Fig. 4 A and 4B, this be because of all summits all on profile.
The approximate error that calculates in sampling and the error-detecting module 200 is provided for DST module 400.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the DST module 400.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, DST module 400 is carried out one dimension DST computing to one group of approximate error of each line segment, to produce one group of corresponding D ST coefficient, wherein one of each line segment group of approximate error all contains the approximate error of N sample point on the corresponding line segment.Because being provided for, the DST coefficient sets that DST module 400 is produced covers module 500.
Simultaneously, cover control module 600 and calculate the length of each line segment, and utilize the length of each line segment and number N to produce a coverage scope specification signal SMC, cover module 500 with control according to the vertex information on the circuit L10.
Referring to Fig. 2, the there illustrates has adopted a length computation part 610 and a more detailed block diagram of covering the coverage control module 600 of scope determining section 620.Length computation part 610 is in turn determined the length of each line segment according to vertex information shown in Figure 5.That is to say that calculating section 610 calculates on the line segments difference between two summit V1 and the V2, and difference rounded off obtain an immediate integer, then this integer is offered coverage scope determining section 620 as line segment length L.Coverage scope determining section 620 is calculated coverage scope specification signal SMC according to following formula, and it is exported to coverage module 500 by circuit L20.
SMC=N-(L-1) formula 1
Wherein, the SMC representative is corresponding to the coverage scope specification signal of a line segment; N is the sampled point number; L represents two line segment lengths between the summit.
But, if calculate coverage scope specification signal SMC, then it is reset to zero less than zero.
According to the coverage scope specification signal SMC that is provided by circuit L20, cover module 500 and cover high frequency coefficient in the DST coefficient of each line segment, to reduce the amount that sends data corresponding to each line segment.The result that this coverage is handled is that SMC high frequency coefficient is changed zero.For instance, as shown in Figure 6, when N equaled 8, if length L equals 2, then SMC equaled 7, thereby 7 are with hatched high frequency coefficient to be covered; And SMC equals 4 when L equals 5, thereby 4 are with hatched high frequency coefficient to be covered.
On the other hand, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, DST module 400 is carried out one dimension DST computing to one group of approximate error of each line segment, respectively organize the DST coefficient with what produce corresponding line segment, wherein one of each line segment group of approximate error all comprises N the sample point on this line segment and the errors at place, two summits.The same with previous embodiment of the present invention, the DST coefficient sets that produces in the DST module 400 also is transmitted to covers module 500.
In this case, the coverage scope determining section of covering in the control module 600 620 utilizes formula 1 to produce coverage scope specification signal SMC, because the number of approximate error has increased by 2, so N wherein will be substituted by N+2.In addition, for covering the minus situation of scope specification signal SMC, need it is reset to zero.
The distribution that has statistical in the frequency range of DST coefficient sets between flip-flop district and high frequency region, wherein non-zero or bigger conversion coefficient mainly appears at low frequency range, and null value or less conversion coefficient mainly appear at high frequency region.So use less quantization step to quantize low frequency coefficient, it is comparatively favourable using bigger quantization step to quantize high frequency coefficient.
Therefore, first and second quantization modules 710 and 720 use different quantization step ST1 and ST2 to quantize every group of low frequency and radio-frequency component of covering the DST coefficient respectively, to produce one group of corresponding quantitative DST coefficient with it, offer coefficient coding device 800.Employed quantization step ST1 and ST2 determine by following two respectively in first and second quantization modules 710 and 720:
ST1=4TH1/2 (M+1) formula 2
ST2=4TH1/ (M+1) formula 3
Wherein TH1 represents a predetermined threshold value; M is the step-length that quantizes.
In other words, utilize above-mentioned formula 2 and formula 3 after, quantization step ST2 becomes the twice of quantization step ST1.Because quantization step is littler, the error of quantized data is just little, so more accurate with the coefficient of quantization step ST1 quantification.
In coefficient coding device 800, the binary arithmetic sign indicating number that for example utilizes JPEG (associating figure expert group) is to quantizing the DST coefficient coding, and Bian Ma quantification DST coefficient is sent to channel encoder 950 then.
Though the present invention illustrates certain embodiments,, obviously can under the situation that does not depart from defined the present invention's spirit and category, make various changes and modification by the aftermentioned claim for those skilled in the art that.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of profile to the target represented with digital video signal carries out Methods for Coding, and it may further comprise the steps:
(a) determine some summits on the profile;
(b) by come the match profile to provide polygonal approximation to this profile with a plurality of line segments, produce the vertex information of the position of representing the profile summit thus, wherein each line segment is all linking two adjacent summits;
(c) on each line segment, get N sampled point respectively, and each line segment is calculated the error of N sample point on it, so that each line segment is produced a grouping error, wherein, an above-mentioned N sampled point is equally spaced on each line segment, the error of a sample point is represented the distance of this sample point from line segment to corresponding profile on the line segment, and N is a positive integer;
(d) grouping error of each line segment is carried out one dimension DST computing to produce one group of corresponding D ST coefficient;
(e) calculate the length L of each line segment between two adjacent vertexs;
(f) according to length L and number N, do not cover or cover some part in every group of conversion coefficient, each group that corresponds respectively to every group of conversion coefficient with generation is covered conversion coefficient, comprises step;
(f11) produce corresponding to each of each line segment according to length L and number N and cover scope specification signal, wherein the coverage scope specification signal SMC for each line segment press following formula generation: SMC=N-(L-1), and wherein N is the number of sampled point; L represents two line segment lengths between the adjacent vertex, and wherein needs be re-set as zero to it less than zero the time when the value of coverage scope specification signal;
(f12) cover above-mentioned every group of conversion coefficient according to the scope of coverage specification signal, to produce the corresponding conversion coefficient of covering of each group;
(g) cover conversion coefficient to every group respectively and convert to and organize quantization transform coefficient accordingly, comprise the following steps:
(g11) according to first quantization step every group of low frequency coefficient of covering in the conversion coefficient is quantized into first group of quantization transform coefficient;
(g12) according to second quantization step every group of high frequency coefficient of covering in the conversion coefficient is quantized into second group of quantization transform coefficient; And
(h) quantization transform coefficient of respectively organizing that corresponds respectively to each line segment is encoded.
2, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that length L is by calculating on the line segment distance between two adjacent vertexs and it being rounded to an immediate integer and definite.
3, according to the method for claim 2, wherein step (f12) changes into zero to M the high frequency coefficient that begins from the highest frequency coefficient in every group of conversion coefficient, and wherein M equals the value of corresponding coverage scope specification signal.
4, according to the method for claim 3, if wherein also contain the error at the place, two summits of each line segment in the error group of each line segment of step (d), then the coverage scope specification signal SMC to each line segment press the following formula generation:
SMC＝(N+2)-(L-1)。
5, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that second quantization step is the twice of first quantization step.
6, a kind of equipment that the profile of the target represented with digital video signal is encoded, it comprises:
Be used for determining the device on some summits on the profile;
Be used for producing the device of the vertex information of the position of representing the profile summit thus by come the match profile to provide polygonal approximation to this profile with a plurality of line segments, wherein each line segment is all linking two adjacent summits;
Be used on each line segment, getting respectively N sampled point, and each line segment is calculated the error of N sample point on it, each line segment is produced the device of a grouping error, wherein, an above-mentioned N sampled point is equally spaced on each line segment, the error of a sample point is represented the distance of this sample point from line segment to corresponding profile on the line segment, and N is a positive integer;
Be used for a grouping error of each line segment is carried out one dimension DST computing to produce the device of one group of corresponding D ST coefficient;
Be used for calculating the device of the length L of each line segment between two adjacent vertexs;
Be used for not covering or cover some part in every group of conversion coefficient according to length L and number N, each group that corresponds respectively to every group of conversion coefficient with generation is covered the device of conversion coefficient, comprising:
Be used for producing each that correspond respectively to each line segment according to length L and number N and cover the device of scope specification signal, wherein the coverage scope specification signal SMC for each line segment press following formula generation: SMC=N-(L-1), and wherein N is the sampled point number; L represents two line segment lengths between the adjacent vertex, and wherein needs be re-set as zero to it less than zero the time when the value of coverage scope specification signal;
Be used for covering above-mentioned every group of conversion coefficient, cover the device of conversion coefficient to produce above-mentioned corresponding each group according to the scope of coverage specification signal;
Be used for covering conversion coefficient to every group respectively and convert the device of organizing quantization transform coefficient accordingly to, comprising:
Being used for according to first quantization step every group of low frequency coefficient of covering in the conversion coefficient being quantized into first of first group of quantization transform coefficient installs;
Being used for according to second quantization step every group of high frequency coefficient of covering in the conversion coefficient being quantized into second of second group of quantization transform coefficient installs; And
Be used for the quantization transform coefficient of respectively organizing that corresponds respectively to each line segment is carried out apparatus for encoding.
7, according to the equipment of claim 6, wherein length L is by calculating on the line segment distance between two adjacent vertexs and it being rounded to an immediate integer and definite.
8, according to the equipment of claim 7, wherein mask changes into zero to M the high frequency coefficient that begins from the highest frequency coefficient in every group of conversion coefficient, and wherein M equals to cover the value of scope specification signal.
9, equipment according to Claim 8, if wherein also contain the error at the place, two summits of each line segment in the error group of each line segment, then the coverage scope specification signal SMC for each line segment press the following formula generation:
SMC＝(N+2)-(L-1)。
10, according to the equipment of claim 6, wherein second quantization step is the twice of first quantization step.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96120393A CN1121122C (en) | 1996-10-25 | 1996-10-25 | Method and apparatus for encoding contour image of object in video signal |
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| CN96120393A CN1121122C (en) | 1996-10-25 | 1996-10-25 | Method and apparatus for encoding contour image of object in video signal |
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| CN1121122C true CN1121122C (en) | 2003-09-10 |
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| CN96120393A Expired - Lifetime CN1121122C (en) | 1996-10-25 | 1996-10-25 | Method and apparatus for encoding contour image of object in video signal |
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| CN1326395C (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2007-07-11 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Data processing method,data processing device |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04167082A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-06-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Polygonal approximation system for curved section |
| US5295201A (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1994-03-15 | Nec Corporation | Arrangement of encoding motion image signals using motion compensation and orthogonal transformation |
| EP0595218A1 (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-05-04 | Nec Corporation | Image sub-sampling apparatus and method |
| EP0684738A2 (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-11-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image encoding apparatus |
| CN1131875A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1996-09-25 | 大宇电子株式会社 | Improved contour approximation method for representing contour of object |
| CN1131868A (en) * | 1995-03-18 | 1996-09-25 | 大宇电子株式会社 | Contour approximation apparatus for representing contour of object |
-
1996
- 1996-10-25 CN CN96120393A patent/CN1121122C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04167082A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-06-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Polygonal approximation system for curved section |
| US5295201A (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1994-03-15 | Nec Corporation | Arrangement of encoding motion image signals using motion compensation and orthogonal transformation |
| EP0595218A1 (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-05-04 | Nec Corporation | Image sub-sampling apparatus and method |
| EP0684738A2 (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-11-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image encoding apparatus |
| CN1131868A (en) * | 1995-03-18 | 1996-09-25 | 大宇电子株式会社 | Contour approximation apparatus for representing contour of object |
| CN1131875A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1996-09-25 | 大宇电子株式会社 | Improved contour approximation method for representing contour of object |
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| CN1180974A (en) | 1998-05-06 |
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