CN112111231A - High-temperature-resistant low-cost ceramic carbon fiber composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant low-cost ceramic carbon fiber composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006253 high performance fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J1/00—Adhesives based on inorganic constituents
- C09J1/02—Adhesives based on inorganic constituents containing water-soluble alkali silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/34—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
- C04B28/344—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders the phosphate binder being present in the starting composition solely as one or more phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J1/00—Adhesives based on inorganic constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant nano inorganic silicon high-temperature-resistant resin adhesive which has adhesive bonding and compounding characteristics, can be respectively fully mixed with cheap ceramic matrix materials with ultra-light weight, high hardness, high melting point, high hardness and the like and high-strength and high-elasticity carbon fibers, and can form ceramic carbon fiber composite materials with different functions and different specifications under certain temperature and certain pressure. The ceramic carbon fiber composite material prepared by the preparation method not only has the high-strength characteristic of carbon fiber, but also has the high-temperature resistance characteristic of a ceramic matrix, and is low in cost and suitable for industrial popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ceramic carbon fiber composite materials, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant low-cost ceramic carbon fiber composite material.
Background
In general, a carbon fiber composite material is a single composite of an organic adhesive material (e.g., epoxy resin) and carbon fibers, and has no ceramic matrix, thus having no ceramic properties and high cost.
Carbon fiber composite materials at home and abroad are not rare at present, a common carbon fiber composite material is a structural material compounded by carbon fibers, organic resin and the like, for example, a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material has the highest comprehensive index of specific strength and specific modulus, is superior in the existing structural material, and has applications in the aspects of domestic aviation and automobiles, but a high-temperature-resistant, high-hardness, light and low-cost carbon fiber composite material does not exist, the carbon fiber composite material of organic silicon modified epoxy resin or polyimide resin has the highest high-temperature resistance but only has the temperature resistance of 400 ℃ plus 500 ℃, the cost is very high, and the popularization and application range is limited. The ceramic carbon fiber composite material with high temperature resistance of more than 1000 ℃, particularly high temperature resistance of 2000 ℃ and low cost and high hardness is not reported at home and abroad.
The ceramic carbon fiber composite material is a composite material which is formed by uniformly mixing a ceramic material serving as a matrix, various high-performance fiber materials and a high-temperature-resistant resin adhesive in a mold through heating and pressing, wherein the ceramic matrix can be one or a combination of a plurality of pumice powder, silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, aluminum silicate, zirconium silicate and aluminum-based silicon carbide, and the fiber material can be graphitized carbon fiber precursors or silicon carbide fiber filaments. The composite material prepared by mixing the materials can keep the high-temperature resistance of ceramics, can also keep the high strength and high elasticity of carbon fibers, can be widely applied to parts in the aspects of aerospace, naval vessels, high-speed rails, automobiles and the like, has very wide market prospect, and the research of the materials also becomes a key research and development project of the national ministry of industry and confidence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature-resistant 1000-plus-2000-DEG C nano inorganic silicone adhesive which has adhesive bonding and composite characteristics and can be fully mixed with ceramic matrix materials and carbon fibers to form ceramic-carbon fiber composite materials with different functions and different specifications at a certain temperature and under a certain pressure, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The specific scheme is as follows:
a nanometer inorganic silicon high-temperature resistant resin adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-120 parts of inorganic salt high-temperature adhesive, 10-50 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 1-40 parts of metal oxide and 1-35 parts of metal hydroxide.
Preferably, the inorganic salt high-temperature adhesive is liquid sodium silicate (sodium silicate) or aluminum dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the nano silicon dioxide is nano silicon micro powder or superfine quartz powder with the silicon content of more than 99 percent.
Preferably, the metal oxide is magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide, and the metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide or zirconium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nano inorganic silicon high-temperature resistant resin adhesive, which comprises the steps of respectively adding the inorganic salt high-temperature adhesive, the nano silicon dioxide, the metal oxide and the metal hydroxide (the metal oxide is magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide, and the metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide or zirconium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide) in the formula amounts into a mixing stirrer, and stirring and mixing uniformly at normal temperature to obtain the nano inorganic silicon resin adhesive.
The invention also provides a ceramic carbon fiber composite material, which is prepared by fully mixing the nano inorganic silicon high-temperature resistant resin adhesive, the ceramic matrix material and the carbon fiber yarns and then processing the mixture under the action of a hot press.
Further, the ceramic matrix material is one or a combination of more than two of pumice powder, silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, aluminum silicate, zirconium silicate and aluminum-based silicon carbide.
Further, the ceramic matrix material is one of an ultra-light ceramic matrix material, a light high-hardness ceramic matrix material and a high-melting-point high-hardness ceramic matrix material; wherein the ultra-light ceramic matrix material is pumice powder or aluminum silicate powder or zirconium silicate powder or ceramic powder; the high-melting-point and high-hardness ceramic matrix material consists of zirconium silicate, silicon carbide and zirconium carbide; the light high-hardness ceramic matrix material consists of zirconium silicate and aluminum-based silicon carbide.
Further, when the ceramic matrix material is an ultra-light ceramic matrix material, the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises 50-80 parts (preferably 70 parts) of nano inorganic silicone adhesive, 5-15 parts (preferably 10 parts) of light ceramic matrix powder and 10-20 parts (preferably 15 parts) of carbon fiber yarns in parts by weight;
when the ceramic matrix material is a high-melting-point high-hardness ceramic matrix material, the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises, by weight, 30-80 parts (preferably 50 parts) of nano inorganic silicone adhesive, 20-80 parts (preferably 40 parts) of zirconium silicate, 10-50 parts (preferably 30 parts) of silicon carbide, 20-80 parts (preferably 60 parts) of zirconium carbide and 1-15 parts (preferably 3 parts) of carbon fiber yarns;
when the ceramic matrix material is a light high-hardness ceramic matrix material, the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises, by weight, 30-80 parts (preferably 50 parts) of nano inorganic silicone adhesive, 10-40 parts (preferably 30 parts) of zirconium silicate, 30-80 parts (preferably 70 parts) of aluminum-based silicon carbide and 1-30 parts (preferably 10 parts) of carbon fiber filaments.
Further, the carbon fiber filament is a graphitized carbon fiber precursor or a silicon carbide fiber filament with the length of 1-2 cm.
Further, the preparation method of the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises the steps of fully stirring and uniformly mixing the nano inorganic silicone adhesive, the ceramic matrix material and the carbon fiber yarns in a mixing stirrer, then putting the mixture into a mold with the required specification, and pressurizing and molding the mixture for 20 minutes at 250 ℃ for 20 minutes in a flat plate hot press under the pressure of 0.8-1.0MPa to obtain the ceramic carbon fiber composite plate with the required specification.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the high-temperature resistant ceramic carbon fiber composite material produced by adopting the technical scheme of the invention has the following properties: 1. high temperature resistant 1000-;
2. high strength and high hardness: the specific strength is 16 times greater than that of steel, and can reach 3.5GPO, and the hardness can reach 7-8H;
3. and (3) lightening: the specific gravity of the light ceramic matrix used in the invention can reach 1.7-2.0;
4. the thermal expansion is small;
5. the corrosion resistance and creep resistance integrity are good;
6. the tensile and wear resistance is good;
7. acid resistance, alkali resistance and heat resistance: soaking in 5% hydrochloric acid at normal temperature for 168 hr, soaking in 5% sodium hydroxide at normal temperature for 168 hr, and decocting in water for 1 hr;
8. oxidation resistance and ultraviolet resistance: AE ═ 2 (UV-weathering test 168 hours);
9. the cost is low: the low cost of the invention is represented by using a low-price light ceramic matrix material, the integral specific gravity of the composite material is 1.7-2.0, and the average cost of each kilogram of the composite material is 40-60 yuan;
10. the coating is nontoxic, tasteless, green and environment-friendly, and can be widely applied to parts in the aspects of aerospace, naval vessels, high-speed rails, automobiles and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following and detailed description. The main equipment used in the examples are a horizontal double-shaft mixer, a flat plate hot press, and a polytetrafluoroethylene mold.
The invention discloses a nano inorganic silicon high-temperature-resistant resin adhesive which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-120 parts of inorganic salt high-temperature adhesive, 10-50 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 1-40 parts of metal oxide; 1-35 parts of metal hydroxide; in practical operation, preferably, the metal oxide is magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide, and the metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide or zirconium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.
Furthermore, the optimal formula ratio is 100 parts of inorganic salt high-temperature adhesive, 30 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 10 parts of active magnesium oxide and 5 parts of aluminum hydroxide.
The preparation method of the nano inorganic silicon high-temperature resistant resin adhesive comprises the steps of respectively adding the inorganic salt high-temperature adhesive, the nano silicon dioxide, the metal oxide and the metal hydroxide in the formula amount into a mixing stirrer, and stirring and mixing uniformly at normal temperature to obtain the nano inorganic silicon resin adhesive.
The invention also provides a ceramic carbon fiber composite material, which is prepared by fully mixing the nano inorganic silicon high-temperature resistant resin adhesive, the ceramic matrix material and the carbon fiber yarns and then processing the mixture under the action of a hot press. The ceramic matrix material is one of an ultra-light ceramic matrix material, a light high-hardness ceramic matrix material and a high-melting-point high-hardness ceramic matrix material;
when the ceramic matrix material is an ultralight ceramic matrix material, the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises, by weight, 50-80 parts of nano inorganic silicone adhesive (the optimal ratio is 70 parts), 5-15 parts of ultralight ceramic matrix powder (the optimal ratio is 10 parts), and 10-20 parts of carbon fiber yarns (the optimal ratio is 15 parts);
when the ceramic matrix material is a high-melting-point high-hardness ceramic matrix material, the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises 30-80 parts (the optimal proportion is 50 parts) of nano inorganic silicone adhesive, 20-80 parts (the optimal proportion is 40 parts) of zirconium silicate, 10-50 parts (the optimal proportion is 30 parts) of silicon carbide, 20-80 parts (the optimal proportion is 60 parts) of zirconium carbide and 1-15 parts (the optimal proportion is 3 parts) of carbon fiber yarns by weight;
when the ceramic matrix material is a light high-hardness ceramic matrix material, the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises, by weight, 30-80 parts of nano inorganic silicone adhesive (the optimal ratio is 50 parts), 10-40 parts of zirconium silicate (the optimal ratio is 30 parts), 30-80 parts of aluminum-based silicon carbide (the optimal ratio is 70 parts), and 1-30 parts of carbon fiber filaments (the optimal ratio is 10 parts).
Preferably, the carbon fiber filament is 1-2 cm long graphitized carbon fiber precursor or silicon carbide fiber filament. The preparation method of the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises the steps of fully stirring and uniformly mixing the nano inorganic silicone adhesive, the ceramic matrix material and the carbon fiber filaments in a mixing stirrer, putting the mixture into a mold with the required specification, and pressurizing for 20 minutes at 250 ℃ for 20 minutes in a flat plate hot press under the pressure of 0.8-1.0MPa to form the ceramic carbon fiber composite plate with the required specification.
The technical solution of the present invention is described in more detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1 preparation of Low cost ultra-lightweight ceramic carbon fiber composite
(1) Production of nano inorganic silicone adhesive: the formula is as follows: 100 parts of inorganic salt high-temperature glue (sodium silicate is selected in the embodiment), 30 parts of nano silicon dioxide (nano silicon micropowder is selected in the embodiment), 10 parts of active magnesium oxide and 5 parts of aluminum hydroxide; adding sodium silicate, nano silicon micropowder, active magnesium oxide and aluminum hydroxide into a mixing stirrer respectively according to the formula ratio, and stirring and mixing uniformly at normal temperature to obtain the nano inorganic silicone adhesive. Respectively weighing 70 parts, 50 parts and 50 parts of nano inorganic silicone adhesive for later use;
(2) manufacturing carbon fiber yarns: respectively weighing 10 parts of carbon fiber (cut into short fibers of 1-2 cm), 15 parts of carbon fiber (cut into short fibers of 1-2 cm) and 3 parts of carbon fiber (cut into short fibers of 1-2 cm) for later use;
(3) preparing an ultralight ceramic carbon fiber composite material: 70 parts of nano inorganic silicone adhesive, 10 parts of ultralight ceramic matrix (pumice powder) and 10 parts of carbon fiber are fully stirred and uniformly mixed in a mixing stirrer, then the mixture is placed into a mould with the required specification of 10X10X2CM, and the mould is pressurized for 20 minutes at the temperature of 250 ℃ under the pressure of 0.8-1.0 in a flat plate hot press to form the 10X10X1CM low-cost ultralight high-temperature-resistant ceramic carbon fiber composite plate. According to the requirement, various plates, various parts and various shapes can be pressed by using the mould with various shapes.
Example 2 preparation of high-melting-point high-hardness ceramic-carbon fiber composite Material
Weighing 40 parts of zirconium silicate, 30 parts of silicon carbide and 60 parts of zirconium carbide, mixing with 50 parts of the prepared nano inorganic silicone adhesive and 15 parts of carbon fiber in the embodiment 1, fully stirring and uniformly mixing in a mixing stirrer, putting into a mould with the required specification of 10X10X2CM, and pressurizing at 250 ℃ for 20 minutes in a flat plate hot press under the pressure of 0.8-1.0 to obtain the low-cost light high-hardness ceramic-carbon fiber composite plate. According to the requirement, various plates, various parts and various shapes can be pressed by using the mould with various shapes.
Example 3 preparation of light-weight, high-melting-point, and high-hardness ceramic-carbon fiber composite Material
Weighing 30 parts of zirconium silicate and 60 parts of aluminum-based silicon carbide serving as superhard light ceramic matrix materials, 50 parts of nano inorganic silicone adhesive and 3 parts of carbon fiber which are prepared and prepared in the embodiment 1, fully stirring and uniformly mixing the materials in a mixing stirrer, putting the materials into a mould with the required specification of 10X10X2CM, and pressurizing the materials at 250 ℃ for 20 minutes in a flat plate hot press under the pressure of 0.8-1.0 to obtain the low-cost high-temperature-resistant high-hardness ceramic-carbon fiber composite plate of 10X10X1 CM. According to the requirement, various plates, various parts and various shapes can be pressed by using the mould with various shapes.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, but the description is only for the preferred examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The nano inorganic silicon high-temperature-resistant resin adhesive is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50-120 parts of inorganic salt high-temperature adhesive, 10-50 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 1-40 parts of metal oxide and 1-35 parts of metal hydroxide.
2. The nano inorganic silicon high temperature resistant resin adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inorganic salt high-temperature glue is liquid sodium silicate or aluminum dihydrogen phosphate.
3. The nano inorganic silicon high temperature resistant resin adhesive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the nano silicon dioxide is nano silicon micro powder or superfine quartz powder with the silicon content of more than 99 percent.
4. The method for preparing nano inorganic silicon high temperature resistant resin adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that: and respectively adding the inorganic salt high-temperature adhesive, the nano silicon dioxide, the metal oxide and the metal hydroxide in the formula ratio into a mixing stirrer, and stirring and mixing uniformly at normal temperature to obtain the nano inorganic silicone adhesive.
5. A ceramic carbon fiber composite material is characterized in that: the composite material is prepared by fully mixing the nano inorganic silicon high-temperature resistant resin adhesive, the ceramic matrix material and the carbon fiber filaments according to the claim 1 and then processing the mixture in a hot press.
6. The ceramic carbon fiber composite of claim 5, wherein: the ceramic matrix material is one or a combination of more than two of pumice powder, silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, aluminum silicate, zirconium silicate and aluminum-based silicon carbide.
7. The ceramic carbon fiber composite of claim 5, wherein: the ceramic matrix material is one of an ultra-light ceramic matrix material, a light high-hardness ceramic matrix material and a high-melting-point high-hardness ceramic matrix material; wherein the ultra-light ceramic matrix material is pumice powder or aluminum silicate powder or zirconium silicate powder or ceramic powder; the light high-hardness ceramic matrix material consists of zirconium silicate, silicon carbide and zirconium carbide; the high-melting-point and high-hardness ceramic matrix material consists of zirconium silicate and aluminum-based silicon carbide.
8. The ceramic carbon fiber composite of claim 7, wherein: when the ceramic matrix material is an ultralight ceramic matrix material, the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises, by weight, 50-80 parts of nano inorganic silicone adhesive, 5-15 parts of ultralight ceramic matrix material powder and 10-20 parts of carbon fiber yarns;
when the ceramic matrix material is a high-melting-point and high-hardness ceramic matrix material, the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises, by weight, 30-80 parts of nano inorganic silicone resin adhesive, 20-80 parts of zirconium silicate, 10-50 parts of silicon carbide, 20-80 parts of zirconium carbide and 1-15 parts of carbon fiber filaments;
when the ceramic matrix material is a light high-hardness ceramic matrix material, the ceramic carbon fiber composite material comprises, by weight, 30-80 parts of nano inorganic silicone adhesive, 10-40 parts of zirconium silicate, 30-80 parts of aluminum-based silicon carbide and 1-30 parts of carbon fiber wires.
9. The ceramic carbon fiber composite of claim 5, wherein: the carbon fiber filament is a graphitized carbon fiber precursor or a silicon carbide fiber filament with the length of 1-2 cm.
10. The method for preparing a ceramic carbon fiber composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: and (3) fully stirring and uniformly mixing the nano inorganic silicone adhesive, the ceramic matrix material and the carbon fiber filaments in the formula ratio in a mixing stirrer, putting the mixture into a mould with the required specification, and pressurizing for 20 minutes at 250 ℃ for 20 minutes in a flat plate hot press under the pressure of 0.8-1.0MPa to form the ceramic-carbon fiber composite board with the required specification.
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