CN112111167B - Preparation method of modified asphalt - Google Patents
Preparation method of modified asphalt Download PDFInfo
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- CN112111167B CN112111167B CN202011079932.1A CN202011079932A CN112111167B CN 112111167 B CN112111167 B CN 112111167B CN 202011079932 A CN202011079932 A CN 202011079932A CN 112111167 B CN112111167 B CN 112111167B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/09—Stirrers characterised by the mounting of the stirrers with respect to the receptacle
- B01F27/091—Stirrers characterised by the mounting of the stirrers with respect to the receptacle with elements co-operating with receptacle wall or bottom, e.g. for scraping the receptacle wall
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
- B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/10—Maintenance of mixers
- B01F35/145—Washing or cleaning mixers not provided for in other groups in this subclass; Inhibiting build-up of material on machine parts using other means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/181—Preventing generation of dust or dirt; Sieves; Filters
- B01F35/188—Preventing generation of dust or dirt; Sieves; Filters using sieves in mixers for purposes other than mixing, e.g. eliminating dust during venting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
- B01F35/31—Couplings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
- B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
- B01F35/71775—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using helical screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
- B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/38—Mixing of asphalt, bitumen, tar or pitch or their ingredients
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Road Paving Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of modified asphalt preparation methods, and particularly relates to a preparation method of modified asphalt, which comprises the following steps: s1: heating the base asphalt to 160 ℃, and then heating the base asphalt to 185-210 ℃ by using a heat exchanger; s2: moving the matrix asphalt into the stirring tank, adjusting the stirring speed in the stirring tank to be 100-210 ℃ at 120r/min, and keeping the temperature in the stirring tank at 185-210 ℃; according to the invention, the part of the asbestos wool extending out of the lower end of the clamping plate is pulled down through the second material pulling bristles, so that the dispersion and the straightening of the asbestos wool are realized, the asbestos wool is dispersed more uniformly in the asphalt, and the phenomenon that the asbestos wool is distributed in the matrix asphalt in a lump and is difficult to disperse is avoided; simultaneously through the first mode of dialling that the material brush hair will be located rubber powder bottom of the case portion of swinging on the roller and dialling down through the radial sieve, saved and carried out the step of screening to rubber powder, saved the manpower, this kind of mode of limit screening limit unloading simultaneously for reinforced more even of rubber powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of modified asphalt preparation methods, and particularly relates to a preparation method of modified asphalt.
Background
The modified asphalt is an asphalt binder prepared by adding external additives (modifiers) such as rubber, resin, high molecular polymer, ground rubber powder or other fillers or by adopting measures such as mild oxidation processing of the asphalt and the like, so that the performance of the asphalt or the asphalt mixture is improved. The modified asphalt has two mechanisms, namely, the chemical composition of the asphalt is changed, and the modifier is uniformly distributed in the asphalt to form a certain space network structure.
At present, many researches on asphalt modification are carried out, experiments prove that the strength of asphalt can be improved by adding rubber powder into matrix asphalt, the temperature sensitivity and other performances of the asphalt can be improved by adding mineral fillers, the invention adopts a mode of adding the rubber powder and asbestos wool into the matrix asphalt to improve the strength, toughness, heat resistance, viscosity and other performances of the asphalt, but most of the commercially available rubber powder is pure in larger particles and cannot meet the production requirement, so the rubber powder needs to be screened before use, the rubber powder meeting the particle size requirement is used for modifying the asphalt, obviously, the process is troublesome, and simultaneously, the process steps are added; and because the asbestos wool has the characteristics that the asbestos wool is easy to agglomerate, when the asbestos wool is added into the asphalt with higher viscosity, the agglomerated asbestos wool is obviously difficult to disperse in the asphalt, and further the modification of the asphalt is influenced.
Therefore, the invention provides a preparation method of modified asphalt to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art and solve the problems that the rubber powder needs to be screened to increase the process steps and the asbestos wool is obviously difficult to disperse in the asphalt, thereby influencing the modification of the asphalt, the invention provides the preparation method of the modified asphalt.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the preparation method of the modified asphalt comprises the following steps:
s1: heating the base asphalt to 160 ℃, and then heating the base asphalt to 185-210 ℃ by using a heat exchanger;
s2: moving the matrix asphalt into the stirring tank, adjusting the stirring speed in the stirring tank to be 100-210 ℃ at 120r/min, and keeping the temperature in the stirring tank at 185-210 ℃;
s3: placing a material scattering device at the top of a stirring tank, then filling fiber-shaped asbestos wool into an asbestos wool box of the material scattering device, adding rubber powder into the interior of a rubber powder box in batches, and starting a driving motor on a rotating rod and a swinging roller to enable the asbestos wool and the rubber powder meeting the requirement of particle size to be uniformly scattered in the stirring tank through a material scattering opening at the bottom of the material scattering box; the rubber powder can improve the toughness and strength of the asphalt, while the mineral filler asbestos wool can improve the viscosity and heat resistance of the asphalt, reduce the temperature sensitivity of the asphalt and simultaneously reduce the consumption of the asphalt;
s4: guiding the mixture obtained in the step S3 into a colloid mill, adding a stabilizer, and shearing for 25-35min at the temperature of 180-185 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product;
s5: guiding the product obtained in the step S4 into a development tank, and developing for 2-3h at the temperature of 180-185 ℃ to obtain the rubber modified asphalt;
the material scattering device in the S3 comprises a material scattering box, an asbestos wool box, a discharging pipe, a rubber powder box and a swing roller; the asbestos wool box is positioned above the spreading box; a discharging pipe is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the asbestos wool box; a plurality of groups of rotating rods are arranged inside the asbestos wool box, the bottom ends of the rotating rods are fixedly connected with the top end of the packing auger, and the packing auger is positioned inside the blanking pipe; the top end of the rotating rod extends out of the top of the asbestos wool box and is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the driving motor; the inner wall of the bottom end of the blanking pipe is movably hinged with two groups of clamping plates; a columnar air bag is arranged between the clamping plate and the inner wall of the blanking pipe; the columnar air bag is fixedly connected with the clamping plate; second material poking bristles for poking down asbestos wool are arranged on the surface of the swing rod arranged on the right side of the lower port of the blanking pipe; an accelerating circular gear is fixedly arranged on the outer edge of the swinging rod; the accelerating circular gear and the driving circular gear are in meshed transmission with each other; the driving circular gear is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the oscillating roller; the rear end of the oscillating roller is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the driving motor; first material shifting bristles are uniformly arranged on the edge of the oscillating roller and extend out of the outer edge of the driving circular gear; the oscillating roller and the driving circular gear are both positioned in the rubber powder box; an arc-shaped screen is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the rubber powder box; the top of the material spreading box is provided with a feeding port for adding rubber powder into the rubber powder box; a horizontal round rod is arranged inside the spreading box and below the clamping plate; two ends of the horizontal round rod are fixedly connected with the upper surface of the horizontal mounting rod through springs; one end of the horizontal mounting rod is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the rubber powder box; the top edges of the two ends of the horizontal round rod are fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope, and the other end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the group of clamping plates close to the rubber powder box;
when the feeding device works, asbestos wool is added into an asbestos wool box, meanwhile, rubber powder is added into the rubber powder box through a feeding port at the top of a spreading box, a driving motor fixedly connected with a swing roller and a driving motor fixedly connected with a rotating rod are started, the driving motor drives the rotating rod to rotate, so as to drive the rotation of an auger, the asbestos wool falling into a blanking pipe from the asbestos wool box is conveyed towards the bottom end of the blanking pipe while the auger rotates, when the asbestos wool is conveyed between two groups of clamping plates, the asbestos wool is pressed between the two groups of clamping plates at the moment, the driving motor fixedly connected with the swing roller drives the swing of the swing roller, so as to drive the swing of a driving circular gear at the outer edge of the swing roller, the driving circular gear drives the swing of the swing rod through the meshing transmission with an accelerating circular gear, so as to enable second material stirring bristles on the surface of the swing rod to swing, and the second material stirring bristles can instantly pass through the lower parts of the two groups of the clamping plates and the upper surface of the horizontal circular rod in the swinging process, the horizontal round rod is slightly pressed downwards, the bottom end of the clamping plate is pulled by the horizontal round rod through the pull rope at the moment, so that the distance between the two groups of clamping plates is instantly enlarged, the asbestos wool extruded between the two groups of clamping plates is instantly moved downwards, and the second material shifting bristles are instantly clamped when being swept from the surface of the horizontal round rod, so that the asbestos wool is in a partially clamped state, and then the second material shifting bristles on the swinging rod can be uniformly shifted down when passing through the lower port of the clamping plate next time, and then enter the stirring tank through the material scattering port at the bottom of the material scattering box, so that the matrix asphalt and the asbestos wool are mixed more uniformly; when the oscillating roller oscillates, the first material stirring bristles at the edge of the oscillating roller continuously oscillate at the bottom of the rubber powder box, and the first material stirring bristles are in mutual contact with the arc-shaped screen at the bottom of the rubber powder box, so that the first material stirring bristles stir the rubber powder at the bottom of the rubber powder box to move at the bottom of the arc-shaped screen, and the rubber powder meeting the particle size requirement in the moving process uniformly leaks from the arc-shaped screen and finally enters the stirring tank through a material scattering port at the bottom of the material scattering box;
the asbestos wool in the asbestos wool box is conveyed to the lower port of the lower material pipe at a constant speed, the clustered and flocculent asbestos wool is partially clamped by the clamping plate, and the part of the asbestos wool extending out of the lower end of the clamping plate is pushed down by the second material pushing bristles, so that the asbestos wool is dispersed and straightened, and the asbestos wool can be added in batches by the mode, so that the asbestos wool is dispersed more uniformly in the asphalt, and the phenomenon that the asbestos wool is clustered and distributed in the matrix asphalt is difficult to disperse is avoided; simultaneously through the first mode of dialling that the material brush hair will be located rubber powder bottom of the case portion of swinging on the roller and dialling down through the radial sieve, saved and carried out the step of screening to rubber powder, saved the manpower, this kind of mode of limit screening limit unloading simultaneously for reinforced more even of rubber powder.
Preferably, carding rods are uniformly arranged on the upper surface of the horizontal round rod; the diameter of the carding bar is matched with the gap between the second material-poking bristles; when the second material shifting brush hair swings, the second material shifting brush hair at the edge of the swing rod is contacted with the top edge of the horizontal round rod and slightly presses the horizontal round rod downwards, meanwhile, the second material shifting brush hair slides downwards on the surface of the horizontal round rod and finally breaks away from the surface of the horizontal round rod, and when the second material shifting brush hair slides on the surface of the horizontal round rod, the carding rod on the horizontal round rod passes through a gap between the second material shifting brush hairs, so that the asbestos wool adhered to the second material shifting brush hairs is picked down, and the next material shifting of the second material shifting brush hairs is not influenced; meanwhile, when the second material stirring bristles slide off the surface of the horizontal round rod, due to the fact that the second material stirring bristles have certain toughness, the resilience force generated when the second material stirring bristles are separated from the surface of the horizontal round rod can pop up the remaining asbestos wool on the second material stirring bristles.
Preferably, a flexible extrusion rod is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the rotating rod; the inner wall of the blanking pipe close to the top end is provided with a compression groove, and the bottom of the compression groove is fixedly provided with an extrusion plate through a spring; the extrusion plate is fixedly connected with the bottom of the compression groove through a spring compression pipe; a columnar cavity is formed in the wall of the blanking pipe above the compression groove, and a piston plate is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the columnar cavity through a spring; the upper surface of the piston plate is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the material loosening rod, and the top end of the material loosening rod extends out of the bottom of the asbestos wool box; a threading groove is formed in the material loosening rod; the outer edge of the material loosening rod is movably hinged with a material scattering rod through a pin shaft; the upper surface of the bulk material rod, which is close to one end of the loosening rod, is fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope, the other end of the pull rope passes through a threading groove in the loosening rod and penetrates out of the top of the loosening rod to be fixedly connected with the bottom end of a spring, and the top end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the asbestos wool box; the bottom end of the spring compression pipe is communicated with the bottom end of the columnar cavity through an airflow channel in the blanking pipe;
when the device works, in the process that the driving motor drives the rotating rod to rotate, the flexible extrusion rod at the bottom end of the rotating rod intermittently extrudes the extrusion plate, the extrusion plate extrudes the spring compression pipe positioned in the compression groove, and further extrudes gas in the spring compression pipe into the bottom of the cylindrical cavity, and further pushes the piston plate in the cylindrical cavity upwards, so that the loose material rod moves upwards, and when the loose material rod moves upwards, the pull rope for connecting the loose material rod and a top spring of the asbestos wool box becomes loose, at the moment, the loose material rod is opened towards the outer side of the loose material rod, and further, the asbestos wool can be lifted upwards and scattered, the phenomenon that the asbestos wool is bonded and is not beneficial to discharging due to long-time standing is prevented, when the flexible extrusion rod is not in contact with the extrusion plate, the extrusion plate rebounds under the spring fixedly connected with the flexible extrusion rod, and simultaneously drives the rebounding of the spring compression pipe fixedly connected with the flexible extrusion rod, and gas can be extracted from the bottom of the cylindrical cavity in the rebounding process of the spring compression pipe, and then make the piston board remove downwards, and then make the bottom of pine material pole to the inside shrink of column cavity, the in-process that the pine material pole moved down, a stay cord for connecting bulk material pole and asbestos wool case top spring is in the tensioning state, and then can drag the bulk material pole and make the bulk material pole remove to the direction that is close to the loose material pole, and then can reduce the resistance that the loose material pole moved down, and prevent simultaneously that the in-process bulk material pole that the pine material pole moved down from the bottom of asbestos wool case with the asbestos wool compaction.
Preferably, a material storage box is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the side wall of the rubber powder box far away from the discharging pipe; the rubber powder box is provided with a material collecting port for communicating the material storage box and the rubber powder box; during operation, drive the first in-process of dialling the material brush hair wobbling at the swing roller, satisfy the rubber powder of particle size and will leak from the bottom of radial screen, and the rubber powder that does not satisfy the particle size requirement will be stirred to the port of gathering materials the mouth by the first material brush hair of dialling to gather materials the inside that mouthful gets into the storage case and collect through gathering materials, and then avoid the rubber powder of big granule to pile up the screening that influences the rubber powder in the bottom of rubber powder case.
Preferably, a vertical mounting rod is fixedly arranged at one side of the bottom of the rubber powder box, which is close to the material storage box, and the bottom of the vertical mounting rod is movably hinged with a knocking hammer through a pin shaft; the rod piece of the knocking hammer is fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope, and the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the interior of the rubber powder box and extends out of an upper port of the rubber powder box to be fixedly connected with one end of the inclined hinged plate; the position of the inclined hinged plate close to the middle part is movably hinged on the inclined mounting plate through a torsional spring, and the bottom end of the inclined mounting plate is fixed at the upper port of the rubber powder box; the inclined hinged plate inclines towards the upper left, and a poking rod for flapping the inclined hinged plate is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the driving circular gear; the during operation, at the wobbling in-process of initiative circular gear, the poker rod that is located initiative circular gear edge will intermittent type pat the one end of slope articulated slab, and then makes the one end that the initiative circular gear was kept away from to the slope articulated slab raise, and then can make the stay cord that links firmly with the member of beating the hammer pulled for the end striking of beating the hammer is in the bottom of sieve bend, and then plays the effect of shaking the sieve, prevents that the sieve mesh of sieve bend from blockking up, improves the efficiency of unloading simultaneously.
Preferably, the surface of the clamping plate is uniformly provided with protrusions for clamping asbestos wool; the surface of the protrusion is in a rough design; during operation, because the surface of the clamping plate is uniformly provided with the protrusions, and the surfaces of the protrusions are designed in a rough manner, the asbestos wool can be better clamped between the clamping plates, so that the clamping plate has a better clamping effect on the asbestos wool.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the preparation method of the modified asphalt, the asbestos wool in the asbestos wool box is conveyed to the lower end opening of the lower material pipe at a constant speed, the mass flocculent asbestos wool is partially clamped through the clamping plate, the part of the asbestos wool extending out of the lower end of the clamping plate is pulled down through the second material pulling bristles, and then the effects of dispersing and smoothening the asbestos wool are achieved, and the asbestos wool can be added in batches in the mode, so that the dispersion of the asbestos wool in the asphalt is more uniform, and the condition that the mass distribution of the asbestos wool in the matrix asphalt is difficult to disperse is avoided; simultaneously through the first mode of dialling that the material brush hair will be located rubber powder bottom of the case portion of swinging on the roller and dialling down through the radial sieve, saved and carried out the step of screening to rubber powder, saved the manpower, this kind of mode of limit screening limit unloading simultaneously for reinforced more even of rubber powder.
2. According to the preparation method of the modified asphalt, the material loosening rod and the spring compression pipe are arranged, the tough extrusion rod at the bottom end of the rotating rod intermittently extrudes the extrusion plate in the rotating process of the rotating rod, the extrusion plate extrudes the spring compression pipe positioned in the compression groove, air in the spring compression pipe is extruded into the bottom of the cylindrical cavity, the piston plate in the cylindrical cavity is pushed upwards, the material loosening rod moves upwards, the pull rope used for connecting the material loosening rod and the spring at the top of the asbestos wool box is loosened while the material loosening rod moves upwards, the material loosening rod is opened towards the outer side of the material loosening rod, then asbestos wool can be lifted upwards and scattered, and the phenomenon that the asbestos wool is bonded and is not beneficial to discharging due to long-time standing is avoided.
3. According to the preparation method of the modified asphalt, the inclined hinged plate and the beating hammer are arranged, so that in the swinging process of the driving circular gear, the poke rod positioned at the edge of the driving circular gear intermittently beats one end of the inclined hinged plate, the end, away from the driving circular gear, of the inclined hinged plate is lifted, the pull rope fixedly connected with the rod piece of the beating hammer is pulled, the end head of the beating hammer impacts the bottom of the arc-shaped screen, the vibrating screen effect is achieved, the screen holes of the arc-shaped screen are prevented from being blocked, and meanwhile the blanking efficiency is improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of the modified asphalt of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a material spreading device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at A;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the scattering device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 4 at B;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at C;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at D;
in the figure: the device comprises a scattering box 1, an asbestos wool box 2, a rotating rod 3, a loosening rod 4, a discharging pipe 5, a carding rod 6, a horizontal round rod 7, a horizontal mounting rod 8, a rubber powder box 9, first material stirring bristles 10, a swinging roller 11, an arc-shaped screen 12, a rapping hammer 13, a vertical mounting rod 14, a storage box 15, an inclined hinged plate 16, an auger 17, second material stirring bristles 18, an accelerating round gear 19, a swinging rod 20, a driving round gear 21, a clamping plate 22, a stirring rod 23, a bulge 24, a columnar air bag 25, a bulk material rod 26, a threading groove 27, a piston plate 28, a columnar cavity 29, an extrusion plate 30, a flexible extrusion rod 31, a spring compression pipe 33, a compression groove 34, a feeding port 36, a scattering port, a collecting port 38 and an inclined mounting plate 39.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the preparation method of modified asphalt of the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1: heating the base asphalt to 160 ℃, and then heating the base asphalt to 185-210 ℃ by using a heat exchanger;
s2: moving the matrix asphalt into the stirring tank, adjusting the stirring speed in the stirring tank to be 100-210 ℃ at 120r/min, and keeping the temperature in the stirring tank at 185-210 ℃;
s3: placing a material scattering device at the top of the stirring tank, then filling fiber-shaped asbestos wool into an asbestos wool box 2 of the material scattering device, adding rubber powder into a rubber powder box 9 in batches, and starting a driving motor on a rotating rod 3 and a swinging roller 11 to enable the asbestos wool and the rubber powder meeting the requirement of particle size to be uniformly scattered in the stirring tank through a material scattering opening 37 at the bottom of a material scattering box 1; the rubber powder can improve the toughness and strength of the asphalt, while the mineral filler asbestos wool can improve the viscosity and heat resistance of the asphalt, reduce the temperature sensitivity of the asphalt and simultaneously reduce the consumption of the asphalt;
s4: guiding the mixture obtained in the step S3 into a colloid mill, adding a stabilizer, and shearing for 25-35min at the temperature of 180-185 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product;
s5: guiding the product obtained in the step S4 into a development tank, and developing for 2-3h at the temperature of 180-185 ℃ to obtain the rubber modified asphalt;
the spreading device in the S3 comprises a spreading box 1, an asbestos wool box 2, a feeding pipe 5, a rubber powder box 9 and a swing roller 11; the asbestos wool box 2 is positioned above the material spreading box 1; a blanking pipe 5 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the asbestos wool box 2; a plurality of groups of rotating rods 3 are arranged inside the asbestos wool box 2, the bottom ends of the rotating rods 3 are fixedly connected with the top end of an auger 17, and the auger 17 is positioned inside the blanking pipe 5; the top end of the rotating rod 3 extends out of the top of the asbestos wool box 2 and is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the driving motor; the inner wall of the bottom end of the blanking pipe 5 is movably hinged with two groups of clamping plates 22; a columnar air bag 25 is arranged between the clamping plate 22 and the inner wall of the blanking pipe 5; the columnar air bag 25 is fixedly connected with the clamping plate 22; the surface of a swing rod 20 arranged on the right side of the lower port of the blanking pipe 5 is provided with second material poking bristles 18 for poking down asbestos wool; an accelerating circular gear 19 is fixedly arranged on the outer edge of the swinging rod 20; the accelerating circular gear 19 and the driving circular gear 21 are in meshed transmission with each other; the driving circular gear 21 is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the oscillating roller 11; the rear end of the oscillating roller 11 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of a driving motor; first material stirring bristles 10 are uniformly arranged on the edge of the oscillating roller 11, and the first material stirring bristles 10 extend out of the outer edge of the driving circular gear 21; the oscillating roller 11 and the driving circular gear 21 are both positioned inside the rubber powder box 9; an arc-shaped screen 12 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the rubber powder box 9; the top of the material spreading box 1 is provided with a feeding port 36 for adding rubber powder into the rubber powder box 9; a horizontal round rod 7 is arranged below the clamping plate 22 in the material spreading box 1; two ends of the horizontal round rod 7 are fixedly connected with the upper surface of the horizontal mounting rod 8 through springs; one end of the horizontal mounting rod 8 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the rubber powder box 9; the top edges of the two ends of the horizontal round rod 7 are fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope, and the other end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the group of clamping plates 22 close to the rubber powder box 9;
when the device works, asbestos wool is added into the asbestos wool box 2, meanwhile, rubber powder is added into the rubber powder box 9 through the feeding port 36 at the top of the scattering box 1, the driving motor fixedly connected with the oscillating roller 11 and the driving motor fixedly connected with the rotating rod 3 are started, the driving motor drives the rotating rod 3 to rotate, and further drives the packing auger 17 to rotate, the packing auger 17 rotates and simultaneously transports the asbestos wool falling into the discharging pipe 5 from the asbestos wool box 2 to the bottom end direction of the discharging pipe 5, when the asbestos wool is transported between the two groups of clamping plates 22, the asbestos wool is tightly pressed between the two groups of clamping plates 22, the driving motor fixedly connected with the oscillating roller 11 drives the oscillating roller 11 to oscillate, and further drives the oscillating of the driving circular gear 21 at the outer edge of the oscillating roller 11, the driving circular gear 21 drives the oscillating rod 20 to oscillate through the meshing transmission with the accelerating circular gear 19, and further causes the second material stirring bristles 18 on the surface of the oscillating rod 20 to oscillate, the second material shifting bristles 18 can instantly pass through the lower parts of the two groups of clamping plates 22 and the upper surface of the horizontal round rod 7 in the swinging process, so that the horizontal round rod 7 is slightly pressed downwards, the bottom ends of the clamping plates 22 are pulled by the horizontal round rod 7 through the pull ropes, the distance between the two groups of clamping plates 22 is instantly enlarged, asbestos wool extruded between the two groups of clamping plates 22 is instantly moved downwards, the second material shifting bristles 18 are instantly clamped when being swept from the surface of the horizontal round rod 7, and then the asbestos wool is in a partially clamped state, so that the second material shifting bristles 18 on the swinging rod 20 can evenly shift the asbestos wool when passing through the lower port of the clamping plates 22 next time, and then enter the stirring tank through the material scattering port 37 at the bottom of the material scattering box 1, and the mixing of matrix asphalt and the asbestos wool is more even; when the oscillating roller 11 oscillates, the first material stirring bristles 10 at the edge of the oscillating roller 11 continuously oscillate at the bottom of the rubber powder box 9, and the first material stirring bristles 10 are in mutual contact with the arc-shaped screen 12 at the bottom of the rubber powder box 9, so that the first material stirring bristles 10 stir the rubber powder at the bottom of the rubber powder box 9 to move at the bottom of the arc-shaped screen 12, and the rubber powder meeting the particle size requirement in the moving process uniformly leaks from the arc-shaped screen 12 and finally enters the stirring tank through the material scattering port 37 at the bottom of the material scattering box 1;
the asbestos wool in the asbestos wool box 2 is conveyed to the lower port of the discharging pipe 5 at a constant speed, the clustered and flocculent asbestos wool is partially clamped through the clamping plate 22, and the part of the asbestos wool extending out of the lower end of the clamping plate 22 is pushed down through the second material pushing bristles 18, so that the asbestos wool is dispersed and straightened, and the asbestos wool can be added in batches in the mode, so that the asbestos wool is dispersed more uniformly in the asphalt, and the phenomenon that the asbestos wool is clustered and distributed in the matrix asphalt and is not easily dispersed is avoided; simultaneously through the first mode of dialling material brush hair 10 on the swing roller 11 and dialling down through radial sieve 12 the rubber powder that is located the rubber powder case 9 bottom, saved the step of screening the rubber powder, saved the manpower, this kind of side screening side unloading's mode simultaneously for the reinforced more even of rubber powder.
As an embodiment of the invention, the upper surface of the horizontal round bar 7 is uniformly provided with carding bars 6; the diameter of the carding bar 6 is matched with the gap between the second material-poking bristles 18; when the second material shifting brush 18 works, when the second material shifting brush 18 passes through the lower port of the clamping plate 22 in the swinging process, asbestos wool at the lower port of the clamping plate 22 is shifted down, when the swinging rod 20 continuously swings, the second material shifting brush 18 at the edge of the swinging rod 20 is contacted with the top edge of the horizontal round rod 7 and slightly presses the horizontal round rod 7 downwards, meanwhile, the second material shifting brush 18 slides downwards on the surface of the horizontal round rod 7 and finally breaks away from the surface of the horizontal round rod 7, when the second material shifting brush 18 slides on the surface of the horizontal round rod 7, the carding rod 6 on the horizontal round rod 7 passes through the gap between the second material shifting brush 18, so that the asbestos wool adhered to the second material shifting brush 18 is shifted down, and the next material shifting of the second material shifting brush 18 is not influenced; meanwhile, when the second material-stirring brush hairs 18 slide off the surface of the horizontal round bar 7, due to the fact that the second material-stirring brush hairs 18 have certain toughness, the remaining asbestos wool on the second material-stirring brush hairs 18 can be ejected out by resilience force generated when the second material-stirring brush hairs 18 are separated from the surface of the horizontal round bar 7.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a flexible pressing rod 31 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the rotating rod 3; a compression groove 34 is formed in the inner wall, close to the top end, of the blanking pipe 5, and the bottom of the compression groove 34 is fixedly provided with an extrusion plate 30 through a spring; the bottom of the compression groove 34 is fixedly connected with the extrusion plate 30 through a spring compression pipe 33; a cylindrical cavity 29 is formed in the wall of the blanking pipe 5 above the compression groove 34, and a piston plate 28 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical cavity 29 through a spring; the upper surface of the piston plate 28 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the loosening rod 4, and the top end of the loosening rod 4 extends out of the bottom of the asbestos wool box 2; a threading groove 27 is formed in the material loosening rod 4; the outer edge of the material loosening rod 4 is movably hinged with a material scattering rod 26 through a pin shaft; the upper surface of the bulk material rod 26 close to one end of the loosening rod 4 is fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope, the other end of the pull rope passes through a threading groove 27 in the loosening rod 4 and penetrates out of the top of the loosening rod 4 to be fixedly connected with the bottom end of a spring, and the top end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the asbestos wool box 2; the bottom end of the spring compression pipe 33 is communicated with the bottom end of the columnar cavity 29 through an airflow channel inside the blanking pipe 5;
in the process of driving the rotating rod 3 to rotate by the driving motor, the flexible extrusion rod 31 at the bottom end of the rotating rod 3 intermittently extrudes the extrusion plate 30, the extrusion plate 30 extrudes the spring compression tube 33 positioned in the compression groove 34, and then the gas in the spring compression tube 33 is extruded to enter the bottom of the cylindrical cavity 29, and then the piston plate 28 in the cylindrical cavity 29 is pushed upwards, so that the material loosening rod 4 moves upwards, when the material loosening rod 4 moves upwards, the pull rope for connecting the material loosening rod 26 with the spring at the top of the asbestos wool box 2 becomes loose, at the moment, the material loosening rod 26 is opened towards the outer side of the material loosening rod 4, and then the asbestos wool can be lifted upwards and scattered, thereby preventing the asbestos wool from being bonded for a long time in standing, which is not beneficial to discharging, when the flexible extrusion rod 31 is not in contact with the extrusion plate 30, at the moment, the extrusion plate 30 rebounds under the spring fixedly connected with the extrusion plate, and drives the spring compression tube 33 fixedly connected with the extrusion plate to rebound, the in-process that spring compression pipe 33 kick-backed will be followed the bottom extraction gas of column cavity 29, and then make piston plate 28 remove downwards, and then make the bottom of pine material pole 4 to the inside shrink of column cavity 29, the in-process that pine material pole 4 moved down, a stay cord for connecting bulk cargo pole 26 and asbestos wool case 2 top spring is in the tensioning state, and then can drag bulk cargo pole 26 and make bulk cargo pole 26 remove to the direction that is close to pine material pole 4, and then can reduce the resistance that pine material pole 4 moved down, and prevent simultaneously that the in-process bulk cargo pole 26 that pine material pole 4 moved down from the asbestos wool compaction in the bottom of asbestos wool case 2.
As an embodiment of the invention, a storage tank 15 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the side wall of the rubber powder tank 9 far away from the blanking pipe 5; the rubber powder box 9 is provided with a material collecting port 38 for communicating the material storage box 15 and the rubber powder box 9; during operation, drive first group at swing roller 11 and expect the wobbling in-process of brush hair 10, satisfy the rubber powder of particle size and will leak down from the bottom of radial screen 12, and the rubber powder that does not satisfy the particle size requirement will be stirred to the port of gathering materials mouth 38 by first group material brush hair 10 to the inside that gets into storage case 15 through gathering materials mouth 38 is collected, and then avoids the rubber powder of big granule to pile up the screening that influences the rubber powder in the bottom of rubber powder case 9.
As an embodiment of the invention, a vertical mounting rod 14 is fixedly arranged at one side of the bottom of the rubber powder box 9 close to the material storage box 15, and a knocking hammer 13 is movably hinged at the bottom of the vertical mounting rod 14 through a pin shaft; the rod piece of the knocking hammer 13 is fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope, and the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the interior of the rubber powder box 9 and extends out of the upper port of the rubber powder box 9 to be fixedly connected with one end of an inclined hinged plate 16; the position of the inclined hinge plate 16 close to the middle part is movably hinged on an inclined mounting plate 39 through a torsion spring, and the bottom end of the inclined mounting plate 39 is fixed at the upper port of the rubber powder box 9; the inclined hinged plate 16 inclines towards the upper left, and a poke rod 23 for flapping the inclined hinged plate 16 is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the driving circular gear 21; the during operation, at the wobbling in-process of initiative circular gear 21, the poker rod 23 that is located initiative circular gear 21 edge will intermittent type pat the one end of slope articulated slab 16, and then make the one end that the slope articulated slab 16 kept away from initiative circular gear 21 raise, and then can make the stay cord that links firmly with the member of rapping hammer 13 pulled, make the end striking of rapping hammer 13 in the bottom of sieve bend 12, and then play the effect of sieve shake, prevent sieve mesh blockage of sieve bend 12, improve the efficiency of unloading simultaneously.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the clamping plate 22 is uniformly provided with protrusions 24 for clamping asbestos wool; the surface of the protrusion 24 is of a rough design; in operation, because the surface of the clamping plate 22 is uniformly provided with the protrusions 24, and the surface of the protrusions 24 is in a rough design, the asbestos wool can be better clamped between the clamping plates 22, so that the clamping effect of the clamping plate 22 on the asbestos wool is better.
The specific working process of the invention is as follows:
when the device works, asbestos wool is added into the asbestos wool box 2, meanwhile, rubber powder is added into the rubber powder box 9 through the feeding port 36 at the top of the scattering box 1, the driving motor fixedly connected with the oscillating roller 11 and the driving motor fixedly connected with the rotating rod 3 are started, the driving motor drives the rotating rod 3 to rotate, and further drives the packing auger 17 to rotate, the packing auger 17 rotates and simultaneously transports the asbestos wool falling into the discharging pipe 5 from the asbestos wool box 2 to the bottom end direction of the discharging pipe 5, when the asbestos wool is transported between the two groups of clamping plates 22, the asbestos wool is tightly pressed between the two groups of clamping plates 22, the driving motor fixedly connected with the oscillating roller 11 drives the oscillating roller 11 to oscillate, and further drives the oscillating of the driving circular gear 21 at the outer edge of the oscillating roller 11, the driving circular gear 21 drives the oscillating rod 20 to oscillate through the meshing transmission with the accelerating circular gear 19, and further causes the second material stirring bristles 18 on the surface of the oscillating rod 20 to oscillate, the second material shifting bristles 18 can instantly pass through the lower parts of the two groups of clamping plates 22 and the upper surface of the horizontal round rod 7 in the swinging process, so that the horizontal round rod 7 is slightly pressed downwards, the bottom ends of the clamping plates 22 are pulled by the horizontal round rod 7 through the pull ropes, the distance between the two groups of clamping plates 22 is instantly enlarged, asbestos wool extruded between the two groups of clamping plates 22 is instantly moved downwards, the second material shifting bristles 18 are instantly clamped when being swept from the surface of the horizontal round rod 7, and then the asbestos wool is in a partially clamped state, so that the second material shifting bristles 18 on the swinging rod 20 can evenly shift the asbestos wool when passing through the lower port of the clamping plates 22 next time, and then enter the stirring tank through the material scattering port 37 at the bottom of the material scattering box 1, and the mixing of matrix asphalt and the asbestos wool is more even; when the oscillating roller 11 oscillates, the first material stirring bristles 10 at the edge of the oscillating roller 11 continuously oscillate at the bottom of the rubber powder box 9, and the first material stirring bristles 10 are in mutual contact with the arc-shaped screen 12 at the bottom of the rubber powder box 9, so that the first material stirring bristles 10 stir the rubber powder at the bottom of the rubber powder box 9 to move at the bottom of the arc-shaped screen 12, and the rubber powder meeting the particle size requirement in the moving process uniformly leaks from the arc-shaped screen 12 and finally enters the stirring tank through the material scattering port 37 at the bottom of the material scattering box 1;
the asbestos wool in the asbestos wool box 2 is conveyed to the lower port of the discharging pipe 5 at a constant speed, the clustered and flocculent asbestos wool is partially clamped through the clamping plate 22, and the part of the asbestos wool extending out of the lower end of the clamping plate 22 is pushed down through the second material pushing bristles 18, so that the asbestos wool is dispersed and straightened, and the asbestos wool can be added in batches in the mode, so that the asbestos wool is dispersed more uniformly in the asphalt, and the phenomenon that the asbestos wool is clustered and distributed in the matrix asphalt and is not easily dispersed is avoided; simultaneously through the first mode of dialling material brush hair 10 on the swing roller 11 and dialling down through radial sieve 12 the rubber powder that is located the rubber powder case 9 bottom, saved the step of screening the rubber powder, saved the manpower, this kind of side screening side unloading's mode simultaneously for the reinforced more even of rubber powder.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of modified asphalt is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: heating the base asphalt to 160 ℃, and then heating the base asphalt to 185-210 ℃ by using a heat exchanger;
s2: moving the matrix asphalt into the stirring tank, adjusting the stirring speed in the stirring tank to be 100-210 ℃ at 120r/min, and keeping the temperature in the stirring tank at 185-210 ℃;
s3: placing a scattering device at the top of a stirring tank, then filling fiber-shaped asbestos wool into an asbestos wool box (2) of the scattering device, adding rubber powder into a rubber powder box (9) in batches, and starting a driving motor on a rotating rod (3) and a swinging roller (11) to uniformly scatter the asbestos wool and the rubber powder meeting the particle size requirement in the stirring tank through a scattering port (37) at the bottom of the scattering box (1);
s4: guiding the mixture obtained in the step S3 into a colloid mill, adding a stabilizer, and shearing for 25-35min at the temperature of 180-185 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product;
s5: guiding the product obtained in the step S4 into a development tank, and developing for 2-3h at the temperature of 180-185 ℃ to obtain the rubber modified asphalt;
the spreading device in the S3 comprises a spreading box (1), an asbestos wool box (2), a blanking pipe (5), a rubber powder box (9) and a swinging roller (11); the asbestos wool box (2) is positioned above the spreading box (1); a blanking pipe (5) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the asbestos wool box (2); a plurality of groups of rotating rods (3) are arranged inside the asbestos wool box (2), the bottom ends of the rotating rods (3) are fixedly connected with the top end of the packing auger (17), and the packing auger (17) is positioned inside the blanking pipe (5); the top end of the rotating rod (3) extends out of the top of the asbestos wool box (2) and is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the driving motor; the inner wall of the bottom end of the blanking pipe (5) is movably hinged with two groups of clamping plates (22); a columnar air bag (25) is arranged between the clamping plate (22) and the inner wall of the blanking pipe (5); the columnar air bag (25) is fixedly connected with the clamping plate (22); a second material poking brush hair (18) used for poking down asbestos wool is arranged on the surface of a swinging rod (20) arranged on the right side of the lower port of the blanking pipe (5); an accelerating circular gear (19) is fixedly arranged on the outer edge of the swinging rod (20); the accelerating circular gear (19) and the driving circular gear (21) are in meshed transmission with each other; the driving circular gear (21) is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the oscillating roller (11); the rear end of the oscillating roller (11) is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of a driving motor; first material stirring bristles (10) are uniformly arranged on the edge of the oscillating roller (11), and the first material stirring bristles (10) extend out of the outer edge of the driving circular gear (21); the oscillating roller (11) and the driving circular gear (21) are both positioned in the rubber powder box (9); an arc-shaped screen (12) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the rubber powder box (9); the top of the material spreading box (1) is provided with a feeding port (36) for adding rubber powder into the rubber powder box (9); a horizontal round rod (7) is arranged in the spreading box (1) and below the clamping plate (22); two ends of the horizontal round rod (7) are fixedly connected with the upper surface of the horizontal mounting rod (8) through springs; one end of the horizontal mounting rod (8) is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the rubber powder box (9); the top edges of the two ends of the horizontal round rod (7) are fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope, and the other end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the group of clamping plates (22) close to the rubber powder box (9).
2. The method for preparing modified asphalt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carding rods (6) are uniformly arranged on the upper surface of the horizontal round rod (7); the diameter of the carding bar (6) is matched with the clearance between the second material-poking bristles (18).
3. The method for preparing modified asphalt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a flexible extrusion rod (31) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the rotating rod (3); a compression groove (34) is formed in the inner wall, close to the top end, of the blanking pipe (5), and an extrusion plate (30) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the compression groove (34) through a spring; the extrusion plate (30) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the compression groove (34) through a spring compression pipe (33); a cylindrical cavity (29) is formed in the wall of the blanking pipe (5) above the compression groove (34), and a piston plate (28) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical cavity (29) through a spring; the upper surface of the piston plate (28) is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the material loosening rod (4), and the top end of the material loosening rod (4) extends out of the bottom of the asbestos wool box (2); a threading groove (27) is formed in the loosening rod (4); the outer edge of the material loosening rod (4) is movably hinged with a material scattering rod (26) through a pin shaft; the upper surface of one end, close to the loosening rod (4), of the bulk material rod (26) is fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope, the other end of the pull rope penetrates out of the top of the loosening rod (4) through a threading groove (27) in the loosening rod (4) and is fixedly connected with the bottom end of a spring, and the top end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the asbestos wool box (2); the bottom end of the spring compression pipe (33) is communicated with the bottom end of the columnar cavity (29) through an airflow channel in the blanking pipe (5).
4. The method for preparing modified asphalt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a material storage box (15) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the side wall of the rubber powder box (9) far away from the discharging pipe (5); the rubber powder box (9) is provided with a material collecting port (38) for communicating the material storage box (15) with the rubber powder box (9).
5. The method for preparing modified asphalt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a vertical mounting rod (14) is fixedly arranged on one side, close to the material storage box (15), of the bottom of the rubber powder box (9), and a knocking hammer (13) is movably hinged to the bottom of the vertical mounting rod (14) through a pin shaft; a rod piece of the knocking hammer (13) is fixedly connected with one end of a pull rope, and the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the interior of the rubber powder box (9) and extends out of an upper port of the rubber powder box (9) to be fixedly connected with one end of an inclined hinged plate (16); the position of the inclined hinge plate (16) close to the middle part is movably hinged on an inclined mounting plate (39) through a torsion spring, and the bottom end of the inclined mounting plate (39) is fixed at the upper port of the rubber powder box (9); the inclined hinge plate (16) inclines towards the upper left, and a poking rod (23) for flapping the inclined hinge plate (16) is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the driving circular gear (21).
6. The method for preparing modified asphalt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the surface of the clamping plate (22) is uniformly provided with bulges (24) for clamping asbestos wool; the surface of the projection (24) is of a rough design.
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