CN112110435A - Preparation method of bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel - Google Patents
Preparation method of bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112110435A CN112110435A CN202010858972.XA CN202010858972A CN112110435A CN 112110435 A CN112110435 A CN 112110435A CN 202010858972 A CN202010858972 A CN 202010858972A CN 112110435 A CN112110435 A CN 112110435A
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0004—Preparation of sols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological nano materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel and application of the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel in a super capacitor. The preparation method of the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving tetramethylpiperidine oxide and sodium bromide in water, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution; (2) adding the bacterial cellulose dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution and hydrochloric acid for reaction, adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the reaction process to obtain a reaction product, and washing with water; (3) then adding a mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol, and stirring to form uniform hydrogel; (4) and (3) after the hydrogel is frozen and dried, carbonizing to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel. The method can improve the dispersibility of the bacterial cellulose and enhance the structural stability of the bacterial cellulose, thereby preparing the carbon aerogel with high mechanical strength and high flexibility and providing an electrode material with excellent electrical property for the super capacitor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological nano materials, relates to a carbon aerogel material, and particularly relates to a preparation method of bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel.
Background
Carbon Aerogel (CA) is a lightweight, shape-variable, nano-scale porous carbon material, and has recently received much attention due to its excellent physical and chemical properties such as high porosity, large theoretical specific surface area, and high electrical conductivity. The unique structural characteristics enable the carbon aerogel to be widely applied to various fields of catalysis: thermal insulation, strain sensor, adsorption and capacitance deionization technologies, and can also be applied to electrode materials for energy storage. The carbon aerogel has three-dimensional reticular pores, the characteristic of high specific surface area enables the carbon skeleton to promote electron transfer and provide abundant activation sites, and meanwhile, the carbon aerogel can also serve as a storage buffer zone of electrolyte, and the excellent conductivity and the good mechanical strength are ideal materials for being used as electrodes of a super capacitor.
The raw materials of the carbon aerogel mainly comprise graphene, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), carbon fibers and the like, wherein the graphene and the CNTs have excellent mechanical, electrochemical and thermal properties, but the application of the CNTs and the carbon aerogel derived from the graphene is greatly limited by the defects of high cost, complex preparation process, poor mechanical stability and the like. In contrast, the biomass material has wide sources, is renewable and has little pollution to the environment, and is very suitable to be used as a precursor raw material of carbon aerogel. The preparation of high-performance carbon aerogel materials from low-cost and abundant-source biomass raw materials and the application of the high-performance carbon aerogel materials to green energy have led to strong research interest. However, the structure of the biomass-based carbon aerogel is difficult to regulate, the preparation process is complex, the production efficiency is low, the structure still stays in the research and exploration stage at present, and the industrialization is difficult to realize. Carbon aerogels prepared from materials such as plants and marine organisms have high brittleness, and Bacterial Cellulose (BC) has solid toughness, water holding capacity and mechanical strength higher than those of plant cellulose, is low in cost and can be prepared in a large scale, so that the carbon aerogels become candidates for preparing carbon nano materials.
At present, the preparation of bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel usually adopts a sol-gel method, wherein a precursor gel is firstly obtained based on chemical crosslinking between BC nanofibers, then the aerogel is obtained through solvent exchange and drying treatment, and finally the carbon aerogel material is obtained through carbonization/activation. However, the porous network structure composed of the fibers connecting the BC is fragile during the high temperature pyrolysis process, and the large number of O atoms and OH groups in the cellulose chain further causes the large number of defects in the carbon network, which aggravates the structural collapse during the pyrolysis process. In order to make the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel have better elasticity, methods of mixing a second phase (such as graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, etc.) are often used in the prior art to increase the high modulus and strength, so as to improve the mechanical properties of the mixed aerogel. Meanwhile, the interaction of chemical bonds between two phases can induce a gel mechanism, and network connection nodes are added to improve the mechanical performance. The Chinese invention patent CN 107134373B is based on the in-situ precipitation technology of an organic polymer gel template to prepare a multi-stage porous carbon aerogel/metal oxide composite material, and improves the mechanical property and the electrical property of the composite material; in order to improve the flexibility of the carbon aerogel, the other Chinese patent application CN106698389A provides a preparation method of lignin/bacterial cellulose composite flexible carbon aerogel. However, from a practical standpoint, BC-derived carbon aerogels are less likely to exhibit high flexibility under multiple compressions in a real-world application environment.
Therefore, the breakthrough point of the BC derived carbon aerogel in practical application is promoted to improve the stability of the physical structure and the controllability of chemical defects, which is also a scientific problem to be solved at present. In addition, due to the problems of carbon network defects, poor mechanical strength and the like, research on potential application of bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel in a free-standing electrode is very little, and application of pure BC-derived carbon aerogel in the field of green energy such as supercapacitors is a direction worthy of being explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a preparation method of bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel, which improves the mechanical strength and structural stability of the carbon aerogel and is used as a stand-alone electrode with good performance for a super capacitor.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the preparation method of the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO) and sodium bromide (NaBr) in water, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding the BC dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) aqueous solution and hydrochloric acid, then adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution for reaction, continuously dropwise adding until the reaction is finished, and washing the obtained reaction product with water;
(3) then adding a mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol, and stirring to form uniform hydrogel;
(4) and (3) freezing and drying the hydrogel to obtain aerogel, and carbonizing to obtain the bacterial cellulose base carbon aerogel.
Preferably, the bacterial cellulose used in the present invention is cellulose synthesized by bacteria of the genus acetobacter.
The synthesis of cellulose by bacteria is a low-energy-consumption green process, takes nontoxic water-soluble glucose as a carbon source, synthesizes beta- (1,4) -D glucan chain under the combined action of various biological enzymes, is secreted by extracellular aerogel and assembled by a plurality of cellulose molecular chains, and forms cellulose with a supermolecular morphological structure between a culture medium liquid and an air interface. As bacteria freely move in a three-dimensional space in the process of synthesizing cellulose, the accumulation and arrangement of the cellulose are controlled, and a highly developed network structure is formed.
The bacterial cellulose carbon aerogel has rich chemical structures, and the nanofibers crosslinked through hydrogen bonds between polymer chains form a firm 3D network structure with strong mechanical properties. Whereas BC-derived carbon aerogels are graphene layer sp-through3C cross-linking makes interlayer sliding very difficult, and easily causes hardness and brittleness of the carbon aerogel. The structure of the biomass gel has an important influence on the structure and performance of the carbon aerogel derived from the biomass gel. The invention adopts TEMPO as an oxidation catalyst to form a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation system with sodium bromide and sodium hypochlorite, performs functional group oxidation on bacterial cellulose, and then maintains the stability of the oxidation system under an acidic condition. The unoxidized bacterial cellulose can not be completely dissolved in water, and the oxidation system provided by the invention can effectively solve the problem of dispersion of the bacterial cellulose in water, so that the bacterial cellulose can be dispersed in waterThe fiber welding is formed between the fibers, which is beneficial to the stability of the carbon aerogel structure and can improve the mechanical strength of the carbon aerogel.
Preferably, the concentration of TEMPO in the mixed solution in the step (1) is 0.01-0.2g/L, and the concentration of NaBr is 0.5-3 g/L.
More preferably, the concentration of TEMPO in the mixed solution in the step (1) is 0.16g/L, and the concentration of NaBr is 1 g/L.
The TEMPO-mediated oxidation reaction has a specific regioselectivity for the surface modification of nanocrystalline cellulose. Under the alkaline condition, when TEMPO coexists with NaBr and NaClO, C on the surface of the bacterial cellulose can be selectively removed6Primary hydroxyl is converted into carboxyl, and a large amount of uniformly distributed carboxyl on the surface is favorable for increasing the solubility of the bacterial cellulose in water. With the continuous reaction, the cellulose molecules can generate peeling reaction to generate glucosyl and cellulose terminal biased sugar acid group, wherein the glucosyl can be oxidized into micromolecular acid such as glucuronic acid, and the dispersibility and stability of the bacterial cellulose are further improved. Although the oxidation reaction changes the surface structure of the cellulose, the original crystal structure of the cellulose molecules is not changed, and the crystallinity and the grain size after oxidation are not obviously changed. The surface of the oxidized bacterial cellulose is provided with a large amount of carboxylate anions, electrostatic repulsion and permeation effects exist among the carboxylate anions, and the bacterial cellulose can be completely and uniformly dispersed in an aqueous solution under slight mechanical stirring treatment, so that the cellulose gel with high transparency, high flexibility and tensile strength is obtained.
In the oxidation system of the present invention, the pH value has a great influence on the reaction rate. When the reaction starts, the pH value of the reaction system is increased along with the addition of NaOH, the reaction rate is increased continuously, and the reaction rate reaches the maximum value when the pH value is 9.5-10.5. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pH of the solution is controlled to 9.5 to 10.5 during the reaction in step (2).
Further preferably, the pH value of the solution is controlled to be 10 during the reaction process of the step (2).
Preferably, the concentration of the NaOH aqueous solution added in the step (2) is 0.4-06M.
Further preferably, the concentration of the aqueous NaOH solution added in the step (2) is 0.5M.
After the oxidation reaction is finished, the reaction product is washed by deionized water, and simultaneously TEMPO serving as a catalyst can be recycled, so that the production cost can be reduced, the raw materials can be recycled, and the green synthesis of the cellulose carbon aerogel is realized.
Preferably, the concentration of the BC dispersion in step (2) is 0.5-0.7%.
The concentration and uniformity of the BC during the preparation process also affect the pore structure and mechanical properties of the carbon aerogel. When the BC concentration is increased, the density of the carbon aerogel is significantly increased and the specific surface area is also increased, but when the concentration is more than a certain value, the specific surface area of the carbon aerogel starts to decrease and the porosity is also slightly decreased.
In the invention, BC is dissolved in the ionic water solution, and then high-concentration ionic liquid is added, so that the elasticity and transparency of the carbon aerogel can be improved. Free anions and cations in the ionic liquid can give out and receive electrons, and the electrons sequentially enter an amorphous area and a crystalline area of a cellulose structure to destroy the hydrogen bond action between cellulose molecules and in the cellulose molecules, and are complexed with cellulose molecular chains to form sol, thereby being beneficial to generating the carbon aerogel with higher elasticity.
Preferably, the concentration of the NaClO aqueous solution in the step (2) is 6-14% by mass.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the NaClO aqueous solution to the hydrochloric acid added in the step (2) is 1: 1.
The gas generated in the activation process of the carbon material can shuttle back and forth in the material structure, so that the original pore structure is expanded by the collapse of tiny pores, and the pore size of the material is enriched. The invention firstly forms an acidic oxidation system, and finally adds NaOH solution to initiate oxidation reaction, CO generated by BC reaction2、CO、H2And H2O can open closed pores, collapse and expand a pore structure of a smaller microporous structure, enrich the pore size of the material, and simultaneously, the generated metal simple substance is usually embedded into a carbon matrix and leaves holes when being washed and removed, so that the porosity and specific surface of the carbon material are further increasedArea, which contributes to the formation of a pore-developed carbon aerogel material.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the water and the tertiary butanol added in the step (3) is 3-8: 1.
Further preferably, the volume ratio of the water and the tert-butyl alcohol added in the step (3) is 5: 1.
The aerogel with a porous structure can be prepared by drying the bacterial cellulose after the bacterial cellulose forms hydrogel. Due to the hydrophilic action of hydroxyl on a molecular chain, the biomass cellulose gel is easy to shrink in structure in the solvent exchange and drying processes, so that the drying technology is an important step for preparing the carbon aerogel with high specific surface area. Freeze drying is the current technique for drying cellulose gel. During the freezing process, the growing ice crystals extrude the cross-linked nanofibers to one side to form a lamellar structure, and the ice crystals sublimate and disappear in a vacuum state to finally form an open and continuous porous nanostructure. The invention adopts the tert-butyl alcohol with low surface tension to replace the aqueous solvent, so that the structural shrinkage caused by common freeze drying can be reduced, and the fiber structure is kept not to collapse in the freeze drying process, so that the obtained carbon aerogel has higher specific surface area. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the shrinkage rate of the sample is more effectively reduced by adopting a mode of deep freeze drying in liquid nitrogen in advance, so that the prepared BC-based carbon aerogel has better conductivity.
Preferably, the carbonization in the step (4) is performed in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
Preferably, the carbonization temperature in the step (4) is 500-.
The BC can completely preserve the three-dimensional reticular porous structure in the high-temperature pyrolysis process, and the chemical and structural modification can be carried out on the surface of the aerogel through high-temperature carbonization, so that the highly disordered amorphous carbon and graphite structures are further formed. The carbonization temperature also has a significant effect on the structure of the carbon aerogel, and generally, the increase of the carbonization temperature increases the graphitization degree of the carbon material, and the electrical conductivity also increases, but when the temperature continues to increase, the graphitization degree is obviously reduced. The invention can effectively optimize the graphitized structure and the conductivity of the carbon aerogel by controlling the carbonization temperature.
Further preferably, the carbonization temperature in the step (4) is 800 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2 h.
The invention also aims to provide a supercapacitor prepared by taking bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel as a self-supporting flexible electrode, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
and (2) immersing the two electrode materials into the electrolyte, taking out the two electrode materials, placing the two electrode materials in a face-to-face mode, symmetrically adhering the two electrode materials together, drying, and finishing assembly to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel supercapacitor.
The electrolyte may be an acidic electrolyte, an alkaline electrolyte, a neutral electrolyte, an organic electrolyte, or a solid conductive polymer electrolyte.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation system, the problem of uneven dispersion of bacterial cellulose in an aqueous solution is effectively solved, the dispersibility of the bacterial cellulose is improved, and the stability of a carbon aerogel structure is facilitated.
2. The invention takes bacterial cellulose as a precursor, selects a proper ionic solution, strictly controls reaction conditions, and optimizes the processes of drying and high-temperature carbonization to prepare the carbon aerogel with high mechanical strength, high specific surface area and high porosity, thereby providing the electrode active material with excellent electrochemical performance.
3. The method effectively enhances the structural stability of the carbon aerogel, enables the carbon aerogel to have good mechanical properties, greatly improves the flexibility and elasticity of the cellulose-based carbon aerogel material, and can better keep the original form under the high-strain condition.
4. The bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel disclosed by the invention can be used as a self-supporting flexible electrode for a super capacitor, so that the prepared super capacitor has good specific capacitance and high rate performance.
5. The method has the advantages of simple and controllable process, good repeatability and easy realization of industrialization, and can be popularized and applied in the field of green energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the carbon aerogel obtained in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the carbon aerogel prepared in comparative example 1.
Fig. 3 is a cyclic stress-strain curve of the carbon aerogel obtained in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a stress-strain curve for two carbon aerogels of example 1 and comparative example 1.
FIG. 5 shows the carbon aerogel electrodes of example 1 and comparative example 1 at 100mV s-1Cyclic voltammograms measured under the conditions described.
FIG. 6 shows two carbon aerogel electrodes at 0.5A g for example 1 and comparative example 1-1And (3) a charge-discharge curve measured under the condition.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the specific capacitance versus sweep rate of the carbon aerogel electrode obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described and illustrated by the following specific examples. The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are those commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the examples are those conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely to aid in the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention specifically.
Example 1
(1) Mixing 0.016g of TEMPO and 0.1g of NaBr, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding 14mg of BC dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding 2mL of 6-14% NaClO aqueous solution and 2mL of hydrochloric acid at room temperature, adding 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution for reaction, continuously dropwise adding so that the pH value of the reaction liquid is kept at about 10.0, and thoroughly cleaning the obtained reaction product by using deionized water;
(3) then adding 25mL of mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol (5:1, v/v), and stirring at room temperature for 2 hours to form uniform hydrogel;
(4) pre-freezing the obtained hydrogel in liquid nitrogen for 24h, drying in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48h, and dryingThe aerogel is put into a tubular resistance furnace for high-temperature carbonization and then is subjected to N2Heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2h, and taking out after the tubular resistance furnace is cooled to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1A carbon aerogel is prepared by a conventional method, bacterial cellulose is soaked in deionized water to be neutral, then is frozen by liquid nitrogen for 24 hours, and then is put into a vacuum freeze dryer for drying treatment for 48 hours, and then is put into a tubular resistance furnace for high-temperature carbonization, and is carbonized in N2Heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2h, and taking out after the tubular resistance furnace is cooled to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel.
The BC carbon aerogel samples obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1 were respectively scanned by a field emission scanning electron microscope to characterize their morphology and structure. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel prepared in example 1 has a rich chemical structure, the arrangement of the nanopores is dense, the porous network structure of the cellulose gel is well maintained, and the pores are adhered to one another. Fig. 2 shows that the carbon aerogel prepared in comparative example 1 still has a criss-cross nanofiber structure, a high aspect ratio, and the cross-linking is mainly macroporous, the structure is loose, and the carbon aerogel has no bonding force with each other. Therefore, the three-dimensional mesh and pore structure of the carbon aerogel prepared by the conventional method are not easy to regulate and control, and the carbon aerogel prepared by the method has richer pore size and higher porosity, and fiber welding is formed in the structure, so that the stability of the carbon aerogel structure is facilitated.
The sample prepared in example 1 was subjected to a compression cycle test to obtain a cyclic stress-strain curve as shown in fig. 3, which shows that the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel prepared by the method of the present invention has excellent flexibility and can maintain the original form after hundreds of tests under high strain conditions. Fig. 4 is a stress-strain curve of two carbon aerogels of example 1 and comparative example 1, wherein the carbon aerogel of example 1 shows better elasticity than the carbon aerogel of comparative example 1, and it can be seen that the method of the present invention can effectively improve the mechanical properties of BC-based carbon aerogel.
Two carbon aerogels obtained in comparative example 1 and example 1 are used as supercapacitor electrodes, named A and B respectively, and wrapped on foamed nickel clamped on an electrode clamp. In a three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum sheet electrode is used as a counter electrode, and 6M KOH solution is used as electrolyte, and the electrochemical performance of the three-electrode system is tested at room temperature.
FIG. 5 shows the sweep rate of 100mV s-1The cyclic voltammetry curves of the two carbon aerogels are shown, and therefore, the carbon aerogel obtained in the example 1 has a larger rectangular area, which indicates that the electrode has higher energy storage capacity.
FIG. 6 is 0.5A g-1Under the condition, the specific capacitance of the electrode A and the specific capacitance of the electrode B are respectively calculated to be 154 and 268F g-1Consistent with the cyclic voltammogram results.
FIG. 7 is a plot of specific capacitance versus sweep rate for electrode B, showing that even at 20A g-1The specific capacitance still is 160F g-1The carbon aerogel electrode prepared by the method has better rate performance.
Example 2
(1) Mixing 0.016g of TEMPO and 0.1g of NaBr, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding 14mg of BC dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding 2mL of 6-14% NaClO aqueous solution and 2mL of hydrochloric acid at room temperature for reaction, then adding 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution for reaction, continuously dropwise adding so that the pH value of the reaction liquid is kept at about 10.0, and thoroughly cleaning the obtained reaction product by using deionized water;
(3) then adding 25mL of mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol (8:1, v/v), and stirring at room temperature for 2 hours to form uniform hydrogel;
(4) pre-freezing the obtained hydrogel in liquid nitrogen for 24h, drying in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48h, carbonizing the dried aerogel in a tubular resistance furnace at high temperature, and carbonizing in N2Heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2h, and taking out after the tubular resistance furnace is cooled to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel.
Will be at the topThe bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel is wrapped on a foamed nickel clamp and clamped on an electrode clamp, and in a three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum sheet electrode is used as a counter electrode, 6M KOH solution is used as electrolyte, and 0.5A g is used at room temperature-1The electrochemical performance was tested under the conditions of (1) and the specific capacitance of the electrode was calculated to be 247F g-1.
Example 3
(1) Mixing 0.016g of TEMPO and 0.1g of NaBr, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding 14mg of BC dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding 2mL of 6-14% NaClO aqueous solution and 2mL of hydrochloric acid at room temperature for reaction, then adding 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution for reaction, continuously dropwise adding so that the pH value of the reaction liquid is kept at about 10.0, and thoroughly cleaning the obtained reaction product by using deionized water;
(3) then adding 25mL of mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol (3:1, v/v), and stirring at room temperature for 2 hours to form uniform hydrogel;
(4) pre-freezing the obtained hydrogel in liquid nitrogen for 24h, drying in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48h, carbonizing the dried aerogel in a tubular resistance furnace at high temperature, and carbonizing in N2Heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2h, and taking out after the tubular resistance furnace is cooled to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel.
Wrapping the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel on a foamed nickel clamp, and clamping the foamed nickel clamp on an electrode clamp, wherein in a three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum sheet electrode is used as a counter electrode, 6M KOH solution is used as electrolyte, and 0.5A g is used at room temperature-1The electrochemical performance was measured under the conditions of (1) and the specific capacitance of the electrode was calculated to be 249F g-1.
Example 4
(1) Mixing 0.016g of TEMPO and 0.1g of NaBr, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding 14mg of BC dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding 2mL of 6-14% NaClO aqueous solution and 2mL of hydrochloric acid at room temperature for reaction, then adding 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution for reaction, continuously dropwise adding so that the pH value of the reaction liquid is kept at about 10.0, and thoroughly cleaning the obtained reaction product by using deionized water;
(3) then adding 25mL of mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol (5:1, v/v), and stirring at room temperature for 2 hours to form uniform hydrogel;
(4) pre-freezing the obtained hydrogel in liquid nitrogen for 24h, drying in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48h, carbonizing the dried aerogel in a tubular resistance furnace at high temperature, and carbonizing in N2Heating to 700 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2h, and taking out after the tubular resistance furnace is cooled to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel.
Wrapping the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel on a foamed nickel clamp, and clamping the foamed nickel clamp on an electrode clamp, wherein in a three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum sheet electrode is used as a counter electrode, 6M KOH solution is used as electrolyte, and 0.5A g is used at room temperature-1The electrochemical performance was measured under the conditions of (1) and the specific capacitance of the electrode was calculated to be 243F g-1.
Example 5
(1) Mixing 0.016g of TEMPO and 0.1g of NaBr, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding 14mg of BC dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding 2mL of 6-14% NaClO aqueous solution and 2mL of hydrochloric acid at room temperature for reaction, then adding 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution for reaction, continuously dropwise adding so that the pH value of the reaction liquid is kept at about 10.0, and thoroughly cleaning the obtained reaction product by using deionized water;
(3) then adding 25mL of mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol (5:1, v/v), and stirring at room temperature for 2 hours to form uniform hydrogel;
(4) pre-freezing the obtained hydrogel in liquid nitrogen for 24h, drying in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48h, carbonizing the dried aerogel in a tubular resistance furnace at high temperature, and carbonizing in N2Heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2h, and taking out after the tubular resistance furnace is cooled to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel.
Wrapping the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel on foamed nickel, clamping the foamed nickel on an electrode clamp, and using Ag/Ag to prepare the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel in a three-electrode systemCl electrode as reference electrode, platinum sheet electrode as counter electrode, 6M KOH solution as electrolyte, 0.5A g at room temperature-1The electrochemical performance was tested under the conditions of (1), and the specific capacitance of the electrode was calculated to be 252F g-1.
Example 6
(1) Mixing 0.016g of TEMPO and 0.1g of NaBr, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding 14mg of BC dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding 2mL of 6-14% NaClO aqueous solution and 2mL of hydrochloric acid at room temperature for reaction, then adding 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution for reaction, continuously dropwise adding so that the pH value of the reaction liquid is kept at about 10.0, and thoroughly cleaning the obtained reaction product by using deionized water;
(3) then adding 25mL of mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol (5:1, v/v), and stirring at room temperature for 2 hours to form uniform hydrogel;
(4) pre-freezing the obtained hydrogel in liquid nitrogen for 24h, drying in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48h, carbonizing the dried aerogel in a tubular resistance furnace at high temperature, and carbonizing in N2Heating to 900 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2h, and taking out after the tubular resistance furnace is cooled to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel.
Wrapping the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel on a foamed nickel clamp, and clamping the foamed nickel clamp on an electrode clamp, wherein in a three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum sheet electrode is used as a counter electrode, 6M KOH solution is used as electrolyte, and 0.5A g is used at room temperature-1The electrochemical performance was tested under the conditions of (1), and the specific capacitance of the electrode was calculated to be 231F g-1.
Example 7
(1) Mixing 0.016g of TEMPO and 0.1g of NaBr, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding 14mg of BC dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding 2mL of 6-14% NaClO aqueous solution and 2mL of hydrochloric acid at room temperature for reaction, then adding 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution for reaction, continuously dropwise adding so that the pH value of the reaction liquid is kept at about 10.0, and thoroughly cleaning the obtained reaction product by using deionized water;
(3) then adding 25mL of mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol (5:1, v/v), and stirring at room temperature for 2 hours to form uniform hydrogel;
(4) pre-freezing the obtained hydrogel in liquid nitrogen for 24h, drying in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48h, carbonizing the dried aerogel in a tubular resistance furnace at high temperature, and carbonizing in N2Heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the heat for 1h, and taking out after the tubular resistance furnace is cooled to obtain the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel.
Wrapping the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel on a foamed nickel clamp, and clamping the foamed nickel clamp on an electrode clamp, wherein in a three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum sheet electrode is used as a counter electrode, 6M KOH solution is used as electrolyte, and 0.5A g is used at room temperature-1The electrochemical performance of the electrode was measured under the conditions of (1), and the specific capacitance of the electrode was calculated to be 209F g-1。
Compared with the carbon aerogel preparation method in the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the dispersibility of the bacterial cellulose is effectively increased, the appropriate ionic solution is selected, the reaction conditions are strictly controlled, the pore structure of the cellulose carbon aerogel is optimized and improved through the drying and high-temperature carbonization processes, the structural stability of the carbon aerogel is effectively enhanced, the carbon aerogel has excellent mechanical strength and mechanical properties, an electrode material with good performance is provided for a super capacitor, and the method can be used for preparing a green energy storage device with high specific capacitance, high rate capability, high load and long cycle life.
The above embodiments are not exhaustive of the range of parameters of the claimed technical solutions of the present invention and the new technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement of single or multiple technical features in the technical solutions of the embodiments are also within the scope of the claimed technical solutions of the present invention, and if no specific description is given for all the parameters involved in the technical solutions of the present invention, there is no unique combination of the parameters with each other that is not replaceable.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving tetramethylpiperidine oxide and sodium bromide in water, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding the bacterial cellulose dispersion liquid into the mixed solution, then adding a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution and hydrochloric acid, then adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for reaction, continuously dropwise adding until the reaction is finished, and washing the obtained reaction product with water;
(3) then adding a mixed solution of water and tert-butyl alcohol, and stirring to form uniform hydrogel;
(4) and (3) freezing and drying the hydrogel to obtain aerogel, and carbonizing to obtain the bacterial cellulose base carbon aerogel.
2. The method for preparing bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of tetramethylpiperidine oxide in the mixed solution of step (1) is 0.01-0.2g/L, and the concentration of sodium bromide is 0.5-3 g/L.
3. The method for preparing bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution in the step (2) is 6-14% by mass.
4. The method for preparing bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution added in the step (2) is 0.4-0.6M.
5. The method for preparing bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the solution is controlled to 9.5-10.5 during the reaction in step (2).
6. The method for preparing bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of water and tert-butanol added in the step (3) is 3-8: 1.
7. The preparation method of bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization temperature in the step (4) is 500-1450 ℃, and the carbonization time is 1-3 h.
8. The application of the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel in the super capacitor is characterized in that the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel is prepared by the preparation method of the bacterial cellulose-based carbon aerogel in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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