CN112107781A

CN112107781A - Ureteral stent

Info

Publication number: CN112107781A
Application number: CN202010919977.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘增钦; 李再尚; 刘岩峰; 赵楚标; 谢京; 彭俊铭; 余舟; 郭吉楠
Original assignee: Shenzhen Peoples Hospital
Current assignee: Shenzhen Peoples Hospital
Priority date: 2020-09-04
Filing date: 2020-09-04
Publication date: 2020-12-22

Abstract

The invention provides a ureteral stent, which comprises a first tube body, a second tube body communicated with the first tube body and arranged in a ureter, and a bladder section communicated with the second tube body and arranged in a bladder; the first tube body is an elastic hose which is horizontally curled in an Archimedes spiral shape. The first tube body of the ureteral stent arranged in the renal pelvis is an elastic hose horizontally curled in an Archimedes spiral shape, and the length of the whole ureteral stent placed in a human body can be adjusted by adjusting the number of curled circles of the first tube body, so that the ureteral stent with the same length is suitable for patients with different ureteral lengths; and the tape measure-shaped structure of the first pipe body is matched with the bladder section arranged in the bladder, so that the size of the bladder section of the ureteral stent tube kept in the bladder can be greatly shortened, and the bladder irritation caused by the placement of the ureteral stent tube can be greatly reduced.

Description

Ureteral stent

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a ureteral stent.

Background

A ureteral stent is a medical instrument used for patients who have urinary obstruction due to stenosis of a urinary tract caused by various diseases. The ureteral stent tube may be surgically placed between the patient's renal pelvis and bladder to support the ureter for directing urine within the patient's renal pelvis to the bladder. The ureteral stent tube has the functions of draining urine, expanding the ureteral stent tube and preventing ureteral stenosis adhesion.

At present, the traditional ureteral stent tube in the market is generally a bent section with two ends respectively provided with a section of 360-degree bending, and the middle part is of a slender straight tube section structure. The length of the traditional ureteral stent tube is fixed, when the ureteral stent tube is kept in a patient body, the length of the ureteral stent tube kept in a renal pelvis is constant, and the rest part of the ureteral stent tube is kept in the bladder of the patient. For patients with long ureters, the length of the tube body left in the bladder is small, and the tube body does not generally extend into the trigone of the bladder of the patient to cause irritation to the bladder of the patient. For patients with short ureters, the length of the tube body left in the bladder is large, and the tube body extends into the trigone of the bladder of the patient, so that the bladder of the patient is easily stimulated to cause bladder irritation.

The prior chinese patent publication No. CN209899674U provides a ureteral stent tube for reducing bladder irritation, the tubular body structure of which includes a straight tube portion, an elastic ring-shaped tube portion disposed at one end of the straight tube portion and located in the renal pelvis, and an elastic spiral tube portion disposed at the other end of the straight tube portion and located in the bladder. In this configuration, the tube disposed at one end of the bladder is configured in a flexible helical configuration, which results in an increased length of the tube in which the ureteral stent is disposed within the bladder of the patient. The elastic spiral structure causes the tube body not only to be easily touched with the trigone of the bladder of the patient, but also greatly increases the volume of the tube body extending in the bladder. Clinically, the ureteral stent tube not only has no effect of reducing the bladder irritation, but also converts the irritation of the ureteral stent tube to the bladder from point irritation to surface irritation, but the irritation of the ureteral stent tube to the bladder is not reduced, but is increased. Therefore, the ureteral stent provided in the above technical solutions cannot effectively reduce bladder irritation of patients after catheterization.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that after the existing ureteral stent is placed in a tube, redundant parts of the tube body are retained in the bladder of a patient, and the bladder irritation of the patient is caused by the irritation of the trigone of the bladder, and the defect that the bladder irritation of the patient is not reduced by adopting an elastic spiral structure in the existing structure, and provides a ureteral stent.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a ureteral stent comprises a first tube body, a second tube body communicated with the first tube body and arranged in a ureter, and a bladder section communicated with the second tube body and arranged in a bladder; the first pipe body is an elastic hose which is horizontally curled in an Archimedes spiral shape, and a first opening for urine to enter is formed in the front end of the first pipe body.

Further, the flexible transition piece is arranged between the second tube body and the bladder section and can be attached to the tube wall of the ureter.

Specifically, the elastic transition piece and the second pipe body are integrally formed.

Specifically, the cross-sectional area of the connection part of the elastic transition piece and the bladder section is more than or equal to one third of the cross-sectional area of the second tube body.

Specifically, the length of the elastic transition piece is 1cm-1.5 cm.

Further, the length of the first pipe body is 10cm-15cm, and the length of the second pipe body is 10cm-15 cm.

Further, the bladder section is a third pipe body which is bent relative to the second pipe body, and a second opening is formed in the tail end of the third pipe body.

Specifically, the length of the third pipe body is 1cm-1.5 cm.

Specifically, the first pipe, the second pipe, and the third pipe are integrally formed.

Further, the bladder section is a U-shaped elastic clip arranged at the tail end of the second pipe body.

The ureteral stent provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the first tube body arranged in the renal pelvis is an elastic hose horizontally curled in an Archimedes spiral shape, and the length of the whole ureteral stent tube arranged in a human body can be adjusted by adjusting the number of curled circles of the first tube body, so that the ureteral stent tube with the same length is suitable for patients with different ureteral lengths; and the tape measure-shaped structure of the first pipe body is matched with the bladder section arranged in the bladder, so that the size of the bladder section reserved in the bladder by the ureteral stent can be greatly shortened, the phenomenon that the bladder section is too long and extends into the trigone of the bladder of a patient is avoided, and the bladder irritation caused by the implantation of the ureteral stent can be greatly reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a ureteral stent provided in a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a ureteral stent provided in a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at A;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a ureteral stent provided in a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a ureteral stent provided in a third embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 100. 200, 300-ureteral stent tube, 11-first tube body, 111-first opening, 112, 121-first through hole; 12-a second tube body, 13, 14-a third tube body, 131-a second opening, 132-a second through hole, 15-a U-shaped elastic clamp, 151-a first connecting end, 152-a second connecting end, 20-an elastic transition piece, 21-a connecting part of the elastic transition piece and the bladder section, L1-the length of the second tube body, L2-the length of the elastic transition piece, L3-the length of the third tube body, L4-the length of the second connecting end, and alpha-an included angle formed between the second tube body and the third tube body.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 1-5, a ureteral stent tube 100(200, 300) is provided according to the present invention. The ureteral stent 100(200, 300) provided by the invention can be applied to patients with ureteral stenosis caused by various diseases, and the ureteral stent 100(200, 300) is placed into the ureter of the patient by a surgical mode to drain the urine in the renal pelvis to the bladder. The ureteral stent 100(200, 300) can be used for positively draining urine and avoiding secondary damage caused by urine backflow. It can also be used to dilate the ureter of a patient.

The first embodiment is as follows:

referring to fig. 1, a ureteral stent 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is provided. As shown in fig. 1, the ureteral stent 100 includes a first tube 11, a second tube 12 placed in the ureter in communication with the first tube 11, and a bladder segment placed in the bladder in communication with the second tube 12. The whole ureteral stent 100 is divided into three-section structures of a first tube body 11, a second tube body 12 and a bladder section, and the three-section structures are sequentially connected, so that the first tube body 11 and the bladder section are respectively located at two ends of the second tube body 12 and are fixedly communicated with the second tube body 12.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the first tube 11 of the ureteral stent 100 provided by the present invention is an elastic flexible tube horizontally curled in an archimedean spiral shape. The first tube 11 is to be disposed in the renal pelvis of a patient for guiding urine in the renal pelvis into the ureteral stent 100 and discharging the urine into the bladder through the guide of the ureteral stent 100. The first tube body 11 of the ureteral stent 100 provided by the invention is horizontally curled in a tape measure-shaped structure and has certain elasticity, so that the number of curled turns and the curled length of the first tube body 11 can be adjusted according to the actual requirements of different patients. The length of the first tube body 11 in the ureteral stent tube 100 provided by the invention is between 10cm and 15cm, namely, the length of the whole ureteral stent tube 100 which can be regulated in a patient body is between 10cm and 15 cm. The horizontal spiral crimp structure of the first tube 11 can satisfy the requirements for different lengths of the ureteral stent 100. When the patient ureter is long and the length of the second tube 12 is insufficient to meet the length of the patient ureter, the horizontally curled portion of the first tube 11 may be partially unfolded, and the curled portion may be extended to extend into the patient ureter to supplement the insufficient length of the second tube 12. When the length of the ureter of the patient is equal to the length of the second tube 12, the first tube 11 can be integrally disposed in the renal pelvis of the patient in a tape measure shape, so as to avoid the stimulation to the bladder caused by the excessive deep penetration of the bladder section of the ureteral stent 100 into the bladder.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a first opening 111 for urine to enter is disposed at a front end of the first tube 11, and a terminal of the first tube 11 is fixedly communicated with the second tube 12. When the first tube 11 is inserted into the renal pelvis of a patient, urine generated in the renal pelvis can flow into the ureteral stent 100 along with the first opening 111, and is guided to the second tube 12 communicated with the first tube 11 through the first tube 11. A plurality of first through holes 112 for urine to enter and exit are uniformly distributed on the tube wall of the first tube body 11, and a plurality of first through holes 112 are arranged on the tube wall of the first tube body 11, so that urine generated in the renal pelvis can enter the first tube body 11 through the first opening 111, and can enter the first tube body 11 through the first through holes 112 arranged on the tube wall of the first tube body 11, and is finally discharged into the bladder after being drained into the second tube body 12 by the first tube body 11.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the ureteral stent 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is provided with a second tube 12 disposed in the patient ureter, in communication with the end of the first tube 11, wherein the second tube 12 is an elastic hose disposed vertically. When the ureteral stent 100 is placed in a patient, the second tube 12 is disposed completely within the patient's ureter, and the distal end of the second tube 12 is located at the ureteral orifice of the patient's bladder. It is the mutual clamping of the second tube body 13 and the bladder section that secures the distal end of the ureteral stent tube 100 to the ureteral orifice of the patient's bladder.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of first through holes 121 for urine to enter and exit are uniformly distributed on a tube wall of the second tube body 12 of the ureteral stent 100. The second tube 12 communicates with the first tube 11 so that urine flowing into the first tube 11 in the renal pelvis can be drained into the bladder by the second tube 12. And set up a plurality of first through-hole 121 at second body 12 for the urine that the renal pelvis directly flowed in the ureter also can get into second body 12 through the first through-hole 121 that is located on second body 12, and drain to the bladder in by second body 12.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the bladder segment is a third tube 13 bent with respect to the second tube 12. The bladder section and the second tube 12 are bent to form a holding portion, and the ureteral stent 100 can be fixed on the ureteral orifice of the bladder through the holding portion. When the first tube 11 is curled in the renal pelvis in a tape measure-like structure, the renal pelvis forms an upward pulling force on the curled tube, and the third tube 13 bent at the tail end of the second tube 12 is hooked at the ureteral orifice of the bladder of a patient through the pulling force, so that the tail end of the ureteral stent 100 is fixed.

Specifically, the bladder section of the ureteral stent 100 is a third tube 13 that is bent relative to the second tube 12. The first tube 11, the second tube 12, and the third tube 13 of the ureteral stent 100 are integrally formed. Therefore, the third tube 13 is an elastic hose made of the same material as the first tube 11 and the second tube 12. In the process of placing the ureteral stent 100, the guide wire can pass through the first tube 11, the second tube 12 and the third tube 13, and the third tube 13 is an elastic hose structure, so that the guide wire can be placed conveniently. The bladder section is the only section of the entire ureteral stent 100 that is placed within the bladder, and the smaller the length of the bladder section, the less the bladder will be stimulated. Therefore, the third tube 13 only needs to ensure that the end of the ureteral stent 100 can be fixed to the ureteral orifice of the bladder.

The end of the third tube 13 is further provided with a second opening 131, and the second opening 131 of the third tube 13 is communicated with the first opening 111 of the first tube 11, so that the guide wire can be conveniently inserted into the ureteral stent 100 during catheterization. And a plurality of second through holes 132 through which urine can be discharged are formed in the third tube 13. The second through hole 132 also facilitates the urine in the third tube 13 to be discharged from the third tube 13 better and faster. According to the three-section structural design of the ureteral stent 100 provided by the invention, the tape measure-shaped structure of the first tube body 11 is matched with the hook structure of the bladder section, so that the size of the bladder section in the tube body 10 extending into the bladder can be greatly shortened, and the stimulation of the bladder section to the bladder of a patient is reduced.

Example two:

referring to fig. 2-4, a ureteral stent 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the ureteral stent 200 provided in the second embodiment of the present invention further includes an anti-reflux structure disposed on the tube body. The ureteral stent 200 is integrally placed in the ureter of a patient, so that not only can the ureteral stent 200 be used for carrying out urine drainage, but also the urine can be guided forward through the anti-backflow structure.

Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the ureteral stent 200 further includes an elastic transition piece 20 disposed between the second tube 12 and the bladder section, which can be fitted to the wall of the ureter. The material of the elastic transition piece 20 is the same as that of the second tube 12, and is a polymer material with a certain elastic deformation. The flexible transition piece 20 is positioned at the orifice of the ureter of the patient's bladder when placed in the patient. When the bladder is in a urination state, muscles on the bladder contract to press the ureter on the side of the bladder, so that the ureter also contracts. The elastic transition piece 20 in the ureter on the side of the bladder is pressed by the bladder and elastically deformed by the contraction of the ureter, and is attached to the wall of the ureter of the patient, so that the ureter stent 200 is sealed, and the urine in the bladder is prevented from flowing back to the renal pelvis from the ureter stent 200.

In this embodiment, the resilient transition piece 20 is integrally formed with the second tube 12. The flexible transition piece 20 is a valve structure formed by a cut-out provided in the end of the second body 12. The incision may be a vertical incision extending from the side of the tube wall of the second tube 12 to the bladder section, or an oblique incision extending from the side of the tube wall of the second tube 12 to the bladder section. If the incision is a vertical incision, the cross-sectional area of the flexible transition piece 20 from the end of the second tube 12 to the bladder segment is uniform. If the incision is a diagonal incision, the cross-sectional area of the flexible transition piece 20 decreases gradually from the end of the second tube 12 to the bladder section.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the cut at the end of the second tube 20 is a bevel cut, and the cross-sectional area of the flexible transition piece 20 gradually decreases. And the cross-sectional area at the junction 21 of the flexible transition piece 20 and the bladder segment is the smallest cross-section of the flexible transition piece 20. The area of the minimum cross section of the elastic transition piece 20 should be greater than or equal to one third of the cross section area of the second tube 12, so as to ensure that the elastic transition piece 20 can completely seal the second tube 12 of the ureteral stent 200 when being attached to the wall of the ureter of a patient, and prevent urine in the bladder from flowing back into the ureter from the bladder.

As shown in FIG. 4, the ureteral stent 200 provided in the second embodiment of the present invention has an overall length of 25cm to 32cm, wherein the length L1 of the second tube 12 located in the ureter is 10cm to 15cm, and the length L3 of the third tube 14 located in the bladder is 1cm to 1.5 cm. In this embodiment, the third tube 14 is bent relative to the second tube 12 to form an included angle α, where the included angle α is smaller than 90 °, and α is an acute angle, so that a clamping portion is formed between the third tube 14 and the second tube 12, and the third tube 14 of the bladder segment is fixed at the ureteral orifice of the bladder of the patient through the clamping portion. To ensure that the flexible transition piece 20 can function as an anti-reflux at the end of the patient's ureter, the flexible transition piece 20 has a length L2 of 1cm to 1.5 cm.

Example three:

as shown in fig. 5, a ureteral stent 300 according to a third embodiment of the present invention is provided. The third embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the ureteral stent 300 is provided with an anti-reflux structure, i.e., an elastic transition piece 20 disposed at the end of the second tube 12. The bladder section of the ureteral stent 300 is a U-shaped elastic clip 15 disposed at the end of the second tube 12. A clamping portion at the end of the second tube body 12 is formed by the U-shaped elastic clip 15, and the bladder section of the ureteral stent tube 300 is clamped at the ureteral orifice of the patient's bladder by the clamping portion.

The U-shaped elastic clip 15 is made of a medical polymer material with certain elasticity, and has a first connecting end 151 and a second connecting end 152 which are arranged in parallel, and the first connecting end 151 is fixedly connected with the elastic transition piece 20 at the end of the second tube 12. The U-shaped elastic clip 15 is disposed on the bladder of the patient, and the first connection end 151 and the second connection end 152 are used to clamp the end of the second tube 20 of the ureteral stent 300 at the ureteral orifice of the bladder of the patient. Compared with the hook part formed by the bent structure of the third tube 13 in the first embodiment, the U-shaped elastic clip 15 is more stable and effective in fixing the end of the second tube 12, and can ensure that the bladder section of the ureteral stent 300 is effectively fixed in the ureteral stent 300 while being placed in the bladder of a patient as little as possible.

Specifically, the length L4 of the second connection end 152 of the U-shaped spring clip 15 is 1cm to 1.5 cm. The smaller the U-shaped clip 15 extends into the bladder of the patient, the less the bladder is stimulated, thereby preventing the bladder section from extending into the trigone of the patient and causing stimulation to the bladder of the patient.

The first tube body 11 arranged in the renal pelvis in the ureteral stent tube 100(200, 300) provided by the invention is an elastic flexible tube horizontally curled in an Archimedes spiral shape, the length of the whole ureteral stent tube 100(200, 300) placed in a human body can be adjusted by adjusting the number of curled circles and the curled length of the first tube body 11, and the ureteral stent tube 100(200, 300) with the same length can be suitable for patients with different ureteral lengths to use, so that the urethral catheterization requirement from the renal pelvis to the bladder is met. When the ureter is used for a patient with a long ureter, the first tube body 11 of the ureteral stent 200(200, 300) can be completely unfolded to meet the catheterization requirement from the renal pelvis to the bladder. When the ureteral stent 200(200, 300) is used for a patient with a short ureter, the front end part of the first tube body 11 of the ureteral stent 200(200, 300) can be placed in the renal pelvis of the patient in an original curled shape, so that the phenomenon that the bladder of the patient is stimulated due to the fact that the overlong ureteral stent 200(200, 300) extends into the bladder of the patient is avoided.

In addition, the tape measure-shaped structure of the first tube 11 in the ureteral stent tube 100(200, 300) provided by the present invention is matched with the bladder section arranged in the bladder, so that the size of the bladder section can be greatly reduced, the bladder section is prevented from being too long and extending into the trigone of the bladder of the patient, and further, the bladder irritation caused by the insertion of the ureteral stent tube 200 can be greatly reduced.

Meanwhile, the ureteral stent 200(300) provided by the invention further comprises an elastic transition piece 20 which can be attached to the wall of the ureteral tube, and the elastic transition piece 20 is used as an anti-backflow structure, so that urine in the bladder can be effectively prevented from flowing back into the renal pelvis, and secondary damage to a patient can be caused.

The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ureteral stent is characterized by comprising a first tube body, a second tube body communicated with the first tube body and arranged in a ureter, and a bladder section communicated with the second tube body and arranged in a bladder; the first pipe body is an elastic hose which is horizontally curled in an Archimedes spiral shape, and a first opening for urine to enter is formed in the front end of the first pipe body.

2. The ureteral stent tube of claim 1, further comprising an elastic transition piece disposed between the second tube body and the bladder section and adapted to conform to a wall of the ureter.

3. The ureteral stent of claim 2, wherein the flexible transition piece is integrally formed with the second tubular body.

4. The ureteral stent of claim 2, wherein the cross-sectional area of the junction of the flexible transition piece and the bladder section is equal to or greater than one third of the cross-sectional area of the second tubular body.

5. The ureteral stent of claim 2, wherein the length of the flexible transition piece is 1cm to 1.5 cm.

6. The ureteral stent of claim 1, wherein the length of the first tube body is 10cm to 15cm, and the length of the second tube body is 10cm to 15 cm.

7. The ureteral stent tube of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bladder section is a third tube body that is disposed at an angle with respect to the second tube body, and wherein the third tube body terminates with a second opening.

8. The ureteral stent of claim 7, wherein the length of the third tube body is from 1cm to 1.5 cm.

9. The ureteral stent of claim 7, wherein the first tube, the second tube, and the third tube are integrally formed.

10. The ureteral stent tube of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bladder section is a U-shaped elastic clip disposed at an end of the second tube body.