CN112107686B - 乙氧基荧光素乙酯在肝癌细胞中的靶向作用 - Google Patents
乙氧基荧光素乙酯在肝癌细胞中的靶向作用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了乙氧基荧光素乙酯在肝癌、胃癌中的靶向用途。具体地,本发明提供了一种式A所示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其光学异构体或其外消旋体、或其溶剂化物的用途,用于制备用于靶向肿瘤细胞中的靶向剂。本发明的乙氧基荧光素乙酯可以对肿瘤细胞进行特异性识别,可以作为肿瘤的高选择性靶向工具,在诊治疾病上,将具有广泛的潜在使用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及乙氧基荧光素乙酯在肝癌细胞中的靶向作用。
背景技术
目前恶性肿瘤是威胁人类生命的最为重要的原因之一,而在年龄较轻中的人群中,更是第一位的致死原因,虽然近百年的抗癌研究取得了一些成绩,但根本性问题没有得到解决,主要原因是目前使用的化疗,放疗等疗法都缺乏定向,靶向,精准的杀伤能力。
因此,本领域迫切需要开发一种特异性识别肿瘤细胞的靶向工具。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种特异性识别肿瘤细胞的靶向工具。
本研究利用细胞培养,荧光激发显影技术,发现一个小分子物质,乙氧基荧光素乙酯可以进入肝癌细胞,胃癌细胞,并可留置富集很长时间,大于24小时,具有定向,靶向肝癌,胃癌细胞作用,可为此类癌细胞的靶向性,精准性,甚至是特异性诊断及治疗提供了理想的靶向性工具。
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种式A所示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其光学异构体或其外消旋体、或其溶剂化物的用途,用于制备用于靶向肿瘤细胞中的靶向剂,
式中,
R1为C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基;
L1为-CO-、或-CH2-;
L2为-O-、或-NH-;
R2为H、C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、或(C1-C4亚烷基)-Z,其中Z为氮芥、铂类等烷化剂毒素分子、核素。
在另一优选例中,所述毒素分子包括抗代谢、抗有丝分裂类毒素、MMAE(单甲基奥瑞他汀E)。
在另一优选例中,所述肿瘤细胞包括:肝癌细胞、胃癌细胞、恶性母细胞瘤。
在另一优选例中,所述恶性母细胞瘤包括与HepG2类似的恶性母细胞瘤。
在另一优选例中,所述肿瘤细胞包括:肝母细胞瘤细胞。
在另一优选例中,所述肿瘤细胞选自选自下组:HepG2、MGC-803。
在另一优选例中,R1为甲基、乙基、或丙基。
在另一优选例中,R2为甲基、乙基、或丙基。
在另一优选例中,L1为-CO-,且L2为-O-。
在另一优选例中,所述的式A化合物选自下组:
在另一优选例中,所述的靶向肿瘤细胞中的靶向剂包括:造影剂。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种体外的、非诊断的特异性识别肿瘤细胞的方法,包括:在体外,将待检测的细胞与肿瘤细胞靶向剂进行接触并孵育,然后测定所述细胞的胞内中所述肿瘤细胞靶向剂的数量;
其中,所述的肿瘤细胞靶向剂是式A所示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其光学异构体或其外消旋体、或其溶剂化物;(其中式A如权利要求1中所定义);
其中,如果所述细胞的胞内所述肿瘤细胞靶向剂的数量S1显著高于正常细胞内所述肿瘤细胞靶向剂的数量S0,则表示所述细胞为肿瘤细胞。
在另一优选例中,所述的“显著高于”指S1/S0≥1.5,较佳地≥2.0,更佳地≥3.0。
在另一优选例中,所述的测定包括荧光测定。
在另一优选例中,所述的荧光测定是测定所述细胞的胞内荧光量。
在另一优选例中,所述的荧光检测采用EFEE458nm激发光,并在558nm下检测荧光。
在另一优选例中,所述的待检测的细胞为哺乳动物的细胞。
在另一优选例中,所述的待检测的细胞包括:血液样品中的细胞、体液样品中的细胞、尿液样品中的细胞、呕吐物中的细胞、胃液中的细胞、排泄物中的细胞。
在另一优选例中,所述的体液包括:腹水、胸腔积液、胆汁、宫腔液、或其组合。
在另一优选例中,所述肿瘤细胞包括:肝癌细胞、胃癌细胞、各种恶性母细胞瘤,如神经母细胞瘤,肾母细胞瘤,视网膜母细胞瘤,髓母细胞瘤。
在另一优选例中,所述肿瘤细胞包括:肝母细胞瘤细胞。
在另一优选例中,所述肿瘤细胞选自选自下组:HepG2、MGC-803。
在另一优选例中,所述的方法是非诊断和非治疗的。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了一种试剂盒,包括:
(i)第一容器,以及位于所述第一容器内的第一试剂,所述的第一试剂为肿瘤细胞靶向剂,所述的肿瘤细胞靶向剂是式A所示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其光学异构体或其外消旋体、或其溶剂化物;(其中式A如权利要求1中所定义);和
(2)使用说明书,所述使用说明书记载了所述式A化合物作为靶向造影剂的用法。
在本发明的第四方面,提供了一种特异性识别肿瘤细胞的方法,包括:给需要的对象施用一肿瘤细胞靶向剂,所述的肿瘤细胞靶向剂是式A所示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其光学异构体或其外消旋体、或其溶剂化物;(其中式A如权利要求1中所定义);
在另一优选例中,所述的对象包括人和非人哺乳动物。
在另一优选例中,所述方法为非诊断性和非治疗性的。
在另一优选例中,所述的施用包括口服、注射、或其组合。
在另一优选例中,所述的施用包括口服。
在本发明的第五方面,提供了一种试剂产品(或试剂组合),包括:
(i)第一试剂,所述的第一试剂为肿瘤细胞靶向剂,所述的肿瘤细胞靶向剂是式A所示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其光学异构体或其外消旋体、或其溶剂化物;(其中式A如权利要求1中所定义);和
(ii)药学上可接受的载体。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
附图说明
图1显示了EFEE染色液(2#)与荧光素(1#)染色三株不同类型癌细胞的效果,HepG2:肝癌细胞;A549:肺癌细胞;MGC-803:胃癌细胞。
图2显示了不同浓度的EFEE染色液对肝癌细胞与非肝癌细胞的染色,HepG2:肝癌细胞;HL-7702:正常肝细胞。
图3显示了EFEE染色液孵育时间对肝癌细胞染色的影响。
图4显示了EFEE染色液染色肝癌细胞后保留时间的测定,0h:表示2#染料孵育细胞3h撤掉后,立即拍照;-1h:表示2#染料孵育细胞3h后,撤掉染料,洗净后换新鲜培养液继续培养1h后,在荧光显微镜下观察(其他时间以此类推)。
图5显示了EFEE以及荧光素的吸收光谱图。
图6显示了EFEE以及荧光素的激发光谱图。
图7显示了EFEE以及荧光素的发射广谱图。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究,首次开发了一种式A化合物,以乙氧基荧光素乙酯为例,式A化合物在肝癌细胞中作为靶向剂。利用显微荧光技术,在体外细胞培养体系中,式A化合物在很低浓度(3uM)时,在很短时间(15分钟)内就可以对具有代表性的肝癌细胞,胃癌细胞实现选择性摄入,出现特异性荧光显色,而对同类型的非癌细胞没有选择性摄入(或者很少能摄入),不出现特异性荧光显色。并且这样的选择性摄入,在经过洗涤,并换用没有染色液的细胞培养液后,不会从癌细胞中流出,保留时间至少大于24小时。EFEE可以对肝癌细胞、胃癌细胞或类似的恶性母细胞瘤细胞进行特异性识别,可以作为肝癌和胃癌等癌症的高选择性靶向工具,在诊治疾病上,将具有广泛的潜在使用价值。在此基础上完成了本发明。
HepG2肝癌细胞株
HepG2肝癌细胞株是属于肝母细胞瘤(Heptoblastoma),母细胞瘤在人类是属于高度恶性的肿瘤,多见于小儿,常见的有神经母细胞瘤,视网膜母细胞瘤,髓母细胞瘤,骨母细胞瘤,胶质母细胞瘤,肾母细胞瘤等。
式A
其中,R1、R2、L1、L2如上所述。
优选地,式A化合物为乙氧基荧光素乙酯
乙氧基荧光素乙酯,Ethoxyfluorescein ethyl ester(EFEE),乙基-2-(6-乙氧基-3-氧代-3H-氧杂蒽-9-基)苯甲酸酯,英文名称:ethyl 2-(3-ethoxy-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate。
细胞毒素
术语“细胞毒素”是指抑制或阻止细胞表达活性、细胞功能和/或造成细胞破坏的物质。该术语包括放射性同位素、化学治疗剂以及毒素,如细菌、真菌、植物或动物来源的小分子毒素或酶活性毒素,包括其片段和/或变体。毒素的例子包括但不限于:耳他汀类(例如,耳他汀E、耳他汀F、MMAE和MMAF)、金霉素、类美坦西醇、篦麻毒素、篦麻毒素A-链、考布他汀、多卡米星、多拉司他汀、阿霉素、柔红霉素、紫杉醇、顺铂、cc1065、溴化乙锭、丝裂霉素、依托泊甙、替诺泊甙(tenoposide)、长春新碱、长春碱、秋水仙素、二羟基炭疽菌素二酮、放线菌素、白喉毒素、假单胞菌外毒素(PE)A、PE40、相思豆毒素、相思豆毒素A链、蒴莲根毒素A链、α-八叠球菌、白树毒素、迈托毒素(mitogellin)、局限曲菌素(retstrictocin)、酚霉素、依诺霉素、麻疯树毒蛋白(curicin)、巴豆毒素、卡奇霉素、肥皂草(Sapaonariaofficinalis)抑制剂以及糖皮质激素和其它化学治疗剂,以及放射性同位素,如At211、I131、I125、Y90、Re186、Re188、Sm153、Bi212或213、P32和包括Lu177在内的Lu的放射性同位素。抗体也可与能够将前药转化成其活性形式的抗癌前药活化酶偶联。
优选的小分子药物为具有高细胞毒性的化合物,优选单甲基澳瑞他汀(monomethylauristatin)、加利车霉素、美登素类、或其组合;更佳地选自:单甲基澳瑞他汀-E(MMAE)、单甲基澳瑞他汀-D(MMAD)、单甲基澳瑞他汀-F(MMAF)、或其组合。
本发明的主要优点包括:
1)本发明所述的乙氧基荧光素乙酯可以对肿瘤细胞进行特异性识别,可以作为肿瘤的高选择性靶向工具,具有广泛的潜在使用价值;
2)本发明所述的乙氧基荧光素乙酯只进入肿瘤细胞,而不进入正常细胞,对正常细胞损伤小,副作用低;
3)基于以上二点,乙氧基荧光素乙酯可以作为一个全新的化学实体(NCE)进行优化,再接上毒素,核素等,估计可实现对正常细胞损伤小,对能选择性进入的癌细胞达到靶向性,选择性,精准性杀伤,甚至是特异性诊断及治疗。包括利用荧光技术实现手术导航,实现精准性根治的目标。甚至可以通过静脉滴注或口服乙氧基荧光素乙酯,待24-48小时后,机体体液中乙氧基荧光素乙酯基本排空时,再通过活检病人癌瘤组织,在细胞病理水平,利用特定波长激发及荧光显色技术,用于活体肿瘤诊断,或者根据该化合物在癌瘤细胞内的情况,事先预测该靶向治疗的疗效。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,例如Sambrook等人,分子克隆:实验室手册(New York:Cold Spring HarborLaboratory Press,1989)中所述的条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数是重量百分比和重量份数。本发明所用的材料和试剂为市售产品。
材料
荧光素
实施例1.
乙氧基荧光素酸乙酯的制备
将荧光素(5g)溶解在DMF中,滴加20倍当量的溴乙烷,氮气保护,室温搅拌过夜。后加入二氯甲烷,水洗三次,收集有机相,旋蒸,过硅胶柱纯化,从而得到乙氧基荧光素酸乙酯(EFEE),收率≥80%。
实施例2.
EFEE染色液与荧光素染色三株不同类型癌细胞的效果
实验方法:
1)HepG2,A549,MGC-803细胞种于6孔板(30万细胞/孔),置于细胞培养箱培养过夜。
2)分别加入终浓度为0μM,20μM荧光染料,孵育3h后,弃尽培液,使用温的1xPBS清洗3次,各孔再加入适量的温PBS。
3)使用奥林巴斯IX73型倒置荧光显微镜拍摄荧光照片。
结果:如图1所示,
1.荧光素荧光染料(1#)在HepG2细胞中的摄入量与A549和MGC-803细胞没有明显差异,都没有细胞内摄入。
2.EFEE荧光染料(2#)在HepG2细胞中的摄入量非常显著高于A549和MGC-803细胞,在MGC-803细胞也有明显摄入。
实施例3.
不同浓度的EFEE染色液对肝癌细胞与非肝癌细胞的代表性人肝细胞(HL-7702=L02)的染色
实验方法
1)HepG2,HL-7702细胞种于6孔板(30万细胞/孔),置于细胞培养箱培养过夜。
2)分别加入终浓度为0μM,5μM,20μM荧光染料,孵育3h后,弃尽培液,使用温的1xPBS清洗3次,各孔再加入适量的温PBS。
3)使用奥林巴斯IX73型倒置荧光显微镜拍摄荧光照片。
结果:如图2所示,
1.EFEE荧光染料在HepG2细胞中摄入量非常显著高于HL-7702细胞。
2.EFEE荧光染料在HL-7702细胞中的摄入量很少,几乎没有。
3.EFEE荧光染料在HepG2细胞中摄取没有明显的浓度差异性。
实施例4.
EFEE染色液孵育时间对肝癌细胞染色的影响
实验方法
1)HepG2细胞种于6孔板(30万细胞/孔),置于细胞培养箱培养过夜。
2)加入终浓度为20μM的EFEE荧光染料,分别孵育15min,30min,1h,2h,3h后,弃尽培液,使用温的1xPBS清洗3次,各孔再加入适量的温PBS。
3)使用奥林巴斯IX73型倒置荧光显微镜拍摄荧光照片。
结果:如图3所示,
EFEE荧光染料可以快速被HepG2细胞摄取,随孵育时间延长,荧光强度没有明显增加。
实施例5.
EFEE染色液染色肝癌细胞后保留时间的测定
实验方法
1)HepG2细胞种于6孔板(30万细胞/孔),置于细胞培养箱培养过夜。
2)加入终浓度为20μM的EEEE荧光染料,孵育3h后,弃尽培液,使用温的1xPBS清洗3次,各孔再加入适量的温PBS。继续培养。
4)分别在弃掉EFEE荧光染料后的0h,1h,2h,3h,6h,12h,24h,使用奥林巴斯IX73型倒置荧光显微镜拍摄荧光照片。
结果:如图4所示,
EFEE荧光染料在HepG2细胞中可以长久保持24h不被降解。随着撤销染料的时间延长,细胞的荧光强度没有明显的变化。
实施例6.
诊断:用于胃镜下的胃癌诊断。在血液,腹水,胸腔积液,尿液,宫腔液,其它体液中,以及组织或其病理切片中等,寻找癌细胞用于诊断。带上碘,钆,放射性F18等用于肿瘤结节影像学定性,定位,定量等诊断、鉴别诊断等。
实施例7.
治疗:作为肝癌,胃癌识别导引剂,带上放射性,细胞毒药物,或者毒性基团等杀伤剂,对肝癌,胃癌等实施选择性杀伤。以肝癌经皮选择性肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗为例,可通过供血动脉灌注性化疗。还可以用于肿瘤病人手术时的导航,前哨淋巴结转移的识别,根治性手术清扫,以及前面所述机体静脉注射或口服24-48后,用于活体肿瘤诊断,利用该方法的靶向治疗对肿瘤疗效的预测等。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (15)
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述肿瘤细胞为HepG2细胞。
4.一种体外的、非诊断的特异性识别肿瘤细胞的方法,其特征在于,包括:在体外,将待检测的细胞与肿瘤细胞靶向剂进行接触并孵育,然后测定所述细胞的胞内中所述肿瘤细胞靶向剂的数量;
其中,所述的肿瘤细胞靶向剂是如权利要求1中式A所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;
其中,如果所述细胞的胞内所述肿瘤细胞靶向剂的数量S1显著高于正常细胞内所述肿瘤细胞靶向剂的数量S0,则表示所述细胞为肿瘤细胞;
所述肿瘤细胞选自下组:HepG2、MGC-803。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的“显著高于”指S1/S0≥1.5。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的“显著高于”指S1/S0≥2.0。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的“显著高于”指S1/S0≥3.0。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的测定包括荧光测定。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的荧光检测采用EFEE458nm激发光,并在558nm下检测荧光。
10.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的待检测的细胞为血液样品中的细胞。
11.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的待检测的细胞为体液样品中的细胞。
12.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的待检测的细胞为尿液样品中的细胞。
13.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的待检测的细胞为呕吐物中的细胞。
14.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的待检测的细胞为胃液中的细胞。
15.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的待检测的细胞为排泄物中的细胞。
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