CN112104095B - Design method of constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-migration capability - Google Patents

Design method of constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-migration capability Download PDF

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CN112104095B
CN112104095B CN202010996326.XA CN202010996326A CN112104095B CN 112104095 B CN112104095 B CN 112104095B CN 202010996326 A CN202010996326 A CN 202010996326A CN 112104095 B CN112104095 B CN 112104095B
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CN112104095A (en
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王懿杰
麦建伟
曾宪瑞
姚友素
张相军
徐殿国
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract

A design method of constant voltage or constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-migration capability belongs to wireless power transmission technologyThe field of the technology. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing compensation topology is poor in anti-offset capability. The method comprises the following steps: the wireless electric energy transmission system is equivalent to a two-port network; obtaining a two-port network relational expression described by A; a and AP、ASAnd AMThe relation between the two ports and the characteristic relation of the corresponding two-port network transmission matrix; further obtaining a ratio E of output voltage to input voltage, a ratio G of output current to input voltage and a compensation topology input impedance Z of the two-port networkinThe expression of (1); obtaining a constant voltage mode expression and a constant current mode expression corresponding to an S/T type compensation network of the wireless power transmission system through a series of calculations; and obtaining final compensation networks in various forms under the constraint of constant voltage mode and constant current mode expressions corresponding to the S/T type compensation network. The invention can enhance the anti-offset capability of the ICPT system and simultaneously ensure that the output voltage/current is basically constant.

Description

Design method of constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-migration capability
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design method of a constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-migration capability, and belongs to the technical field of wireless power transmission.
Background
With the wide application of the inductive wireless power transmission technology (ICPT) in the fields of electric vehicles, aerospace industry, underwater operation and the like, the technology has received more and more attention and has been developed very rapidly. However, in applications such as electric vehicle charging, underwater robot charging, spacecraft docking, etc., misalignment between primary and secondary sides of a loosely coupled transformer may occur, causing parameters such as coupling coefficient, self-inductance, etc. of the transformer to change. For the traditional compensation topology designed based on the resonance state, the original resonance state is broken, the output of the wireless power transmission system changes along with the original resonance state, and therefore the constant voltage or constant current characteristic of the system is lost, and the load requirement cannot be met. The problem seriously limits the application of the ICPT technology in the field of constant voltage/constant current output, and prevents the further development of the ICPT technology.
The research on the compensation topology with strong offset resistance can be divided into three categories, which have advantages and have certain limitations, so that the expected effect cannot be achieved. The first type is topology with constant output power, such as SS, SP/S, T/S, etc.; the constant power topology has fewer application occasions and is far less popular than the constant voltage/constant current topology; the second category is compensation topologies used in conjunction with certain loosely coupled transformers, including single compensation topologies (S/SP) and hybrid topologies; the drawback of this type of topology is that its direction of resistance to migration is often limited and adds significantly to the complexity of the ICPT system; the third kind is a compensation topology with constant voltage or constant current output characteristics, including S/SP, PS/S and hybrid topologies, which have the disadvantages of non-adjustable output voltage, limited by large output current fluctuation with anti-offset capability, etc.
Therefore, there is also a need to obtain more forms of compensation topologies with strong offset resistance in different ways; that is, the strong anti-offset capability of many compensation topologies may not be explored, and the anti-offset capability of some compensation topologies will be greatly improved if the parameters are designed reasonably.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of poor anti-offset capability of the existing compensation topology, a design method of a constant-voltage or constant-current compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability is provided.
The invention relates to a design method of a constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability, which comprises the following steps,
the wireless electric energy transmission system is equivalent to a two-port network;
the compensation topology is divided into a primary side compensation topology and a secondary side compensation topology, and the two-port transmission matrix of the primary side compensation topology is APThe two-port transmission matrix of the secondary side compensation topology is AS(ii) a With AMA two-port transmission matrix representing a loosely coupled transformer; obtaining a total two-port transmission matrix A of a compensation topology and a loose coupling transformer from the two-port network, and describing the two ports by using the two-port transmission matrix AA relational expression of the network; and determining a two-port transmission matrix A and a two-port transmission matrix APTwo-port transmission matrix ASAnd a two-port transmission matrix AMThe relation between the two ports and the characteristic relation of the corresponding two-port network transmission matrix;
calculating according to the obtained relational expression to obtain a ratio E of output voltage and input voltage of the two-port network, a ratio G of output current and input voltage and a compensation topology input impedance ZinThe expression of (1);
setting values of partial elements in the two-port transmission matrix A, so that the output voltage or current of the wireless power transmission system is irrelevant to load and coupling, and obtaining an expression that the system output is in a constant voltage mode and a constant current mode;
the primary side compensation topology and the secondary side compensation topology are subjected to equivalence of a T-shaped compensation network at the same time, and a corresponding constant voltage mode expression and a constant current mode expression when the wireless power transmission system adopts a double T-shaped compensation network are further obtained;
setting the reactance of a primary side T-shaped left branch of the double T-shaped compensation network to be zero, and setting the reactance of a middle vertical branch to be infinite to obtain a single primary side equivalent S-shaped compensation network; obtaining a secondary equivalent T-shaped compensation network from a secondary T-shaped compensation network of the double T-shaped compensation network, and further obtaining a constant voltage mode and a constant current mode expression corresponding to the S/T-shaped compensation network of the wireless power transmission system;
and obtaining final compensation networks in various forms under the constraint of constant voltage mode and constant current mode expressions corresponding to the S/T type compensation network.
According to the design method of the constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability, in all final compensation networks, the load R is selectedLIs mapped to a value F (R)E) The same part eventually compensates the network, with the same anti-drift capability.
According to the design method of the constant voltage or constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability, the relational expression for describing the two-port network by using the two-port transmission matrix A comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002692636300000021
in the formula IinInput current for primary side compensation topology, IoIs the output current, V, of the secondary side compensation topologyinIs the effective value of the fundamental wave of the AC voltage after the output of the equivalent inverter bridge, VoIs the effective value of the equivalent fundamental voltage output by the equivalent rectifier bridge; a isijRepresents an element in the two-port transmission matrix a, where i represents the number of rows, i is 1, 2; j represents the number of rows, j is 1, 2;
two-port transmission matrix A and two-port transmission matrix APTwo-port transmission matrix ASAnd a two-port transmission matrix AMThe relationships between include:
A＝APAMAS， (2)
the characteristic relation of the two-port network transmission matrix comprises:
a11a22-a21a12＝1。 (3)
according to the design method of the constant voltage or constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-migration capability, the ratio E of the output voltage of the two-port network to the input voltage is as follows:
Figure BDA0002692636300000031
in the formula REIs the equivalent input impedance of the rectifier bridge;
the ratio G of output current to input voltage is:
Figure BDA0002692636300000032
compensating the topological input impedance ZinComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002692636300000033
according to the bookThe invention relates to a design method of a constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-migration capability, which sets a21And a12Is a pure imaginary number, a11And a22Is purely real, when a210 or a22When the coupling coefficient k of the loosely coupled transformer is kept constant, the output voltage or current of the wireless power transmission system obtains a characteristic independent of the load; when the coupling coefficient k of the loosely coupled transformer fluctuates, the | E | is constant, and the output voltage or current of the wireless power transmission system obtains the characteristic irrelevant to the coupling coefficient k; while maintaining the load-independent behavior, E is purely real and G is purely imaginary; the expression for obtaining a constant voltage mode independent of load and coupling is then:
Figure BDA0002692636300000034
the expression for constant current mode is:
Figure BDA0002692636300000035
according to the design method of the constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability, the primary side compensation topology and the secondary side compensation topology are simultaneously subjected to equivalence of a T-shaped compensation network, and A is usedP *Two-port transmission matrix, A, representing a primary T-type compensation networkM *Two-port transmission matrix representing loosely coupled transformers, AS *And representing a two-port transmission matrix of the secondary side T-shaped compensation network to obtain:
A＝AP *AM *AS *， (9)
the corresponding constant voltage mode expression is transformed to:
Figure BDA0002692636300000041
the constant current mode expression transforms to:
Figure BDA0002692636300000042
in the formula, ZP1Representing the reactance value, Z, of the left branch of a primary T-type compensation networkP2Representing the reactance value, Z, of the intermediate vertical branch of a primary T-type compensation networkP3Representing the reactance value of the right branch of the primary side T-shaped compensation network; zS1Representing the reactance value, Z, of the left branch of a T-type compensation network of the secondary sideS2Representing the reactance value, Z, of the middle vertical branch of a T-type compensation network of the secondary sideS3Representing the reactance value of a branch on the right side of the secondary side T-shaped compensation network;
because of the reactance value Z of the right branch of the primary side T-shaped compensation networkP3Self-inductance L with the primary sidePAre connected in series and are collectively denoted as ZP3 *(ii) a Similarly, the reactance value Z of the left branch of the secondary side T-shaped compensation networkS1And the secondary side self-inductance LSAre collectively represented by ZS1 *；
Where ω is the operating angular frequency, k0The coupling coefficient in the loosely coupled transformer pair.
According to the design method of the constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability, after a double-T type compensation network is converted into an S/T type compensation network, a formula (10) and a formula (11) are simplified to obtain a corresponding constant-voltage mode expression:
Figure BDA0002692636300000043
constant current mode expression:
Figure BDA0002692636300000044
wherein: zP1 *Is a primary side series compensation capacitor C1And self-inductive reactance:
Figure BDA0002692636300000051
according to the design method of the constant voltage or constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability, for the wireless power transmission system of the S/T type compensation network, a two-port transmission matrix A of a secondary side T type compensation networkS *Input impedance ZSComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002692636300000052
wherein α is an intermediate variable:
Figure BDA0002692636300000053
then the topological input impedance Z is compensatedinIn the constant pressure mode:
Figure BDA0002692636300000054
in the constant current mode:
Figure BDA0002692636300000055
in the formula ZMInductive reactance value, Z, of the mutual inductance of loosely coupled transformersM0For a coupling coefficient of k0The inductive reactance value of the time-loose coupling transformer.
According to the design method of the constant voltage or constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability, in order to realize soft switching and enable the input impedance angle of the wireless power transmission system to be larger than zero, the following requirements are met:
ZP1*/j>0，
the corresponding constant voltage mode constraints at this time are:
Figure BDA0002692636300000056
the constant current mode constraints are:
Figure BDA0002692636300000061
in the formula, thetaSFor the secondary input impedance angle, θinInputting an impedance angle for the wireless power transmission system;
wherein the equivalent input impedance Zin' is:
Figure BDA0002692636300000062
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a design method of a constant voltage or constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability, according to the method of the invention, a family of constant voltage/constant current type compensation topologies with strong anti-offset capability can be obtained, secondary sides of the compensation topologies can contain parallel compensation elements, and the topology forms comprise S/P, S/SP, S/PS, S/SPS, PS/SP, SPS/SPS and the like. And the anti-offset capability of the ICPT system can be enhanced by matching with corresponding parameter selection, and the output voltage/current is ensured to be basically constant.
The compensation topology obtained by the method can realize ZVS (Zero-voltage switching) in a wider coupling coefficient and load change range, greatly reduce the switching loss and obviously improve the transmission efficiency of the ICPT system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless power transfer system equivalent to a two-port network;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an ICPT system controlled source model employing a T-type compensation network;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an ICPT system controlled source model of a T-type compensation network represented by a new two-port matrix;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the design steps of a constant voltage type S/SP compensation topology with anti-offset capability;
FIG. 5 is F (R)E) When 1 is true，sk1A plot of variation with gamma;
FIG. 6 is F (R)E) When 1, | E |/| E | non-woven phosphormaxA plot of variation with k;
FIG. 7 is F (R)E) When changing sk1A plot of variation with gamma;
FIG. 8 is F (R)E) When changed | E |/| E |maxA plot of variation with k;
FIG. 9 is Z in CV modeS'、θSAnd a;
FIG. 10 shows Z in CV modein'、θinA graph of the relationship of α and k;
FIG. 11 shows Z in CC modeS'、θSAnd a;
FIG. 12 shows Z in CC modein'、θinA graph of the relationship of α and k;
FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of an IPT system employing S/SP compensation;
FIG. 14 is a graph of load voltage as a function of coupling coefficient and load;
FIG. 15 is a graph of system efficiency as a function of coupling coefficient and load;
FIG. 16 is a graph of system efficiency as a function of load resistance with the coupling coefficient at maximum;
FIG. 17 is RL＝R1、k＝kmaxWhen the system is in use, the waveforms of output voltage, current and load voltage of the inverter bridge are obtained; time in the figure represents Time;
FIG. 18 is RL＝R1、k＝kminWhen the system is in use, the waveforms of output voltage, current and load voltage of the inverter bridge are obtained;
FIG. 19 is RL＝R2、k＝kmaxWhen the system is in use, the waveforms of output voltage, current and load voltage of the inverter bridge are obtained;
FIG. 20 is RL＝R2、k＝kminWhen the system is in use, the waveforms of output voltage, current and load voltage of the inverter bridge are obtained;
FIG. 21 is RL＝R3、k＝kmaxOutput voltage of time, system inverter bridgeWaveforms of current, and load voltage;
FIG. 22 is RL＝R3、k＝kminWhen the system is in use, the waveforms of output voltage, current and load voltage of the inverter bridge are obtained;
FIG. 23 shows the gate-source voltage U of the upper arm of the inverter bridgeGSAnd drain-source voltage UDSA waveform diagram;
FIG. 24 shows the gate-source voltage U of the lower arm of the inverter bridgeGSAnd drain-source voltage UDSAnd (4) waveform diagrams.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
First embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for designing a constant-voltage or constant-current compensation topology with strong offset resistance, including,
1. the anti-offset compensation topological parameter design method comprises the following steps:
first, it is assumed that the self-inductance of the transformer does not change with the coupling coefficient when the loosely coupled transformer is shifted, or the change is very small and can be ignored.
The wireless power transmission system is equivalent to a two-port network, as shown in fig. 1;
the compensation topology is divided into a primary side compensation topology and a secondary side compensation topology, and the two-port transmission matrix of the primary side compensation topology is APThe two-port transmission matrix of the secondary side compensation topology is AS(ii) a With AMIndicating loosely coupled changeA two-port transmission matrix of the transformer; obtaining a total two-port transmission matrix A of a compensation topology and a loose coupling transformer by the two-port network, and describing a relational expression of the two-port network by using the two-port transmission matrix A; and determining a two-port transmission matrix A and a two-port transmission matrix APTwo-port transmission matrix ASAnd a two-port transmission matrix AMThe relation between the two ports and the characteristic relation of the corresponding two-port network transmission matrix;
calculating according to the obtained relational expression to obtain a ratio E of output voltage and input voltage of the two-port network, a ratio G of output current and input voltage and a compensation topology input impedance ZinThe expression of (1);
setting values of partial elements in the two-port transmission matrix A, so that the output voltage or current of the wireless power transmission system is irrelevant to load and coupling, and obtaining an expression that the system output is in a constant voltage mode and a constant current mode;
the primary side compensation topology and the secondary side compensation topology are subjected to equivalence of a T-shaped compensation network at the same time, and a corresponding constant voltage mode expression and a constant current mode expression when the wireless power transmission system adopts a double T-shaped compensation network are further obtained;
setting the reactance of a primary side T-shaped left branch of the double T-shaped compensation network to be zero, and setting the reactance of a middle vertical branch to be infinite to obtain a single primary side equivalent S-shaped compensation network; obtaining a secondary equivalent T-shaped compensation network from a secondary T-shaped compensation network of the double T-shaped compensation network, and further obtaining a constant voltage mode and a constant current mode expression corresponding to the S/T-shaped compensation network of the wireless power transmission system;
and obtaining final compensation networks in various forms under the constraint of constant voltage mode and constant current mode expressions corresponding to the S/T type compensation network.
Further, in all final compensation networks, a load R is selectedLIs mapped to a value F (R)E) The same part eventually compensates the network, with the same anti-drift capability.
Still further, describing the relationship of the two-port network with a two-port transmission matrix a includes:
Figure BDA0002692636300000081
in the formula IinInput current for primary side compensation topology, IoIs the output current, V, of the secondary side compensation topologyinIs the effective value of the fundamental wave of the AC voltage after the output of the equivalent inverter bridge, VoIs the effective value of the equivalent fundamental voltage output by the equivalent rectifier bridge; a isijRepresents an element in the two-port transmission matrix a, where i represents the number of rows, i is 1, 2; j represents the number of rows, j is 1, 2;
two-port transmission matrix A and two-port transmission matrix APTwo-port transmission matrix ASAnd a two-port transmission matrix AMThe relationship between includes:
A＝APAMAS， (2)
the characteristic relation of the two-port network transmission matrix comprises:
a11a22-a21a12＝1。 (3)
obviously, Vo＝-IoRE。
Still further, the ratio E of the output voltage to the input voltage of the two-port network is:
Figure BDA0002692636300000091
in the formula REIs the equivalent input impedance of the rectifier bridge;
the ratio G of output current to input voltage is:
Figure BDA0002692636300000092
compensating the topological input impedance ZinComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002692636300000093
further, setting a21And a12Is a pure imaginary number, a11And a22Is purely real, when a210 or a22When the coupling coefficient k of the loosely coupled transformer is kept constant at 0, the output voltage or current of the wireless power transmission system obtains a characteristic independent of the load, i.e., a Constant Voltage (CV) mode or a Constant Current (CC) mode; when the coupling coefficient k of the loosely coupled transformer fluctuates, as long as | E | is made substantially constant, the output voltage or current of the wireless power transmission system can obtain an output characteristic independent of the coupling coefficient k; while maintaining the load-independent behavior, E is purely real and G is purely imaginary; the expression for obtaining a constant voltage mode independent of load and coupling is then:
Figure BDA0002692636300000094
the expression for constant current mode is:
Figure BDA0002692636300000095
a circuit diagram of a controlled source model of an ICPT system using a T-type compensation network is shown in fig. 2.
Further, the primary side compensation topology and the secondary side compensation topology are simultaneously subjected to the equivalence of a T-shaped compensation network, and A is usedP *Two-port transmission matrix, A, representing a primary T-type compensation networkM *Two-port transmission matrix representing loosely coupled transformers, AS *And representing a two-port transmission matrix of the secondary side T-shaped compensation network to obtain:
A＝AP *AM *AS *， (9)
therefore, each element of the two-port transmission matrix a can be represented by using the circuit parameters shown in fig. 3, and then, by combining with the formula (7) or (8), a general condition that needs to be satisfied by designing the compensation topology parameters with constant voltage or constant current anti-offset capability can be obtained, and the corresponding constant voltage mode expression is transformed into:
Figure BDA0002692636300000101
the constant current mode expression is transformed into:
Figure BDA0002692636300000102
in the formula, ZP1Representing the reactance value, Z, of the left branch of a primary T-type compensation networkP2Representing the reactance value, Z, of the intermediate vertical branch of a primary T-type compensation networkP3Representing the reactance value of the right branch of the primary side T-shaped compensation network; zS1Representing the reactance value, Z, of the left branch of a T-type compensation network of the secondary sideS2Representing the reactance value, Z, of the middle vertical branch of a T-type compensation network of the secondary sideS3Representing the reactance value of a branch on the right side of the secondary side T-shaped compensation network;
because of the reactance value Z of the right branch of the primary side T-shaped compensation networkP3Self-inductance L with the primary sidePAre connected in series and are collectively denoted as ZP3 *(ii) a Similarly, the reactance value Z of the left branch of the secondary side T-shaped compensation networkS1Self-induction with minor side LSAre collectively represented by ZS1 *；
Where ω is the operating angular frequency, k0The coupling coefficient in the loosely coupled transformer pair.
2. S/T compensation topology with anti-offset capability:
although the compensation topology such as PS/SP, SPS/SPS and the like has strong anti-offset capability, the number of compensation devices used is large, the cost of the system is high, and the complexity is greatly increased. The S/T (primary side series connection, secondary side T type compensation network) compensation topology has the same anti-offset capability, and meanwhile, the S/T (primary side series connection, secondary side T type compensation network) compensation topology has the advantages of less compensation elements and low cost and mainly comprises S/P, S/SP, S/PS, S/SPS and other compensation topologies. Equations (10) and (11) corresponding to the parameter design method for the S/T compensation topology can be reduced to equations (12) and (13) below.
Further, after the double-T type compensation network is converted into the S/T type compensation network, the formula (10) and the formula (11) are simplified to obtain a corresponding constant voltage mode expression:
Figure BDA0002692636300000111
constant current mode expression:
Figure BDA0002692636300000112
wherein: zP1 *Is a primary side series compensation capacitor C1And self-inductive reactance:
Figure BDA0002692636300000113
still further, for the wireless power transmission system of the S/T type compensation network, the two-port transmission matrix A of the secondary side T type compensation networkS *Input impedance ZSComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002692636300000114
wherein α is an intermediate variable:
Figure BDA0002692636300000115
then the topological input impedance Z is compensatedinIn the constant pressure mode:
Figure BDA0002692636300000116
in the constant current mode:
Figure BDA0002692636300000117
in the formula ZMInductive reactance value, Z, of the mutual inductance of loosely coupled transformersM0For a coupling coefficient of k0The inductive reactance of the time-loose coupling transformer.
To achieve soft switching, the system needs to achieve an input impedance angle greater than zero while having strong offset resistance. The compensation parameters satisfy Z while satisfying the equations (12) and (13)P1*/j>0. If the loosely coupled transformer is centered, the coupling coefficient is k0Then the input impedance angle theta of the S/T compensation topology ICPT system at this timeinEquivalent input impedance Zin', secondary input impedance angle thetaSComprises the following steps:
the corresponding constant voltage mode constraints are:
Figure BDA0002692636300000121
the constant current mode constraints are:
Figure BDA0002692636300000122
in the formula, thetaSFor the secondary input impedance angle, θinInputting an impedance angle for the wireless power transmission system;
wherein the equivalent input impedance Zin'：
Figure BDA0002692636300000123
In summary, the steps of designing the constant voltage type S/SP compensation topology with anti-offset capability can be summarized as shown in fig. 4. Inputting the initial value s as long as the anti-offset capability is presetkmax(output Voltage constant capability skDefining and calculating formulas are given later), combining other initial value conditions, calculating each parameter of the constant voltage type S/T compensation topology with strong anti-deviation capability by an iterative method according to the above formulas (4), (12), (19) and the following formula (23), and the like, and carrying out the steps ofAnd establishing an ICPT system meeting the requirements. The design idea of the constant current type compensation topology is completely consistent with that of the constant voltage type, and only partial formulas are different.
To verify the effect of the present invention, the following description is made:
in order to analyze the anti-offset capability of the wireless power transmission system, the variation range γ of the coupling coefficient k of the loosely coupled transformer is defined as follows:
Figure BDA0002692636300000124
wherein k is2Is the maximum value of the coupling coefficient, k1Is the minimum value of the coupling coefficient. Output voltage constancy s in CV (constant Voltage) modekDefined as formula (23), according to which s is knownkThe smaller the fluctuation of the output voltage, the stronger the output voltage constancy.
Figure BDA0002692636300000131
Where Δ k represents the coupling coefficient and k0Difference of (A), F (R)E) Represents the equivalent input impedance REFunction of positive correlation, F (R)E) And the output voltage has the same constant capability, namely the anti-offset capability, and the value range is from-1 to 1. It is defined as follows:
Figure BDA0002692636300000132
in the formula m21、n21、m22And n22Are all intermediate variables.
When R isEWhen equal to 0, F (R)E)＝-1；REApproaching infinity, F (R)E)＝1。F(RE) The same ICPT system, they are equal in anti-drift capability. Therefore, all S/T compensation topologies meeting the formula (7) can obtain a certain offset resistance through reasonable design of parameters.
When F (R)E) When 1, the value of γ is constant, skThe system has the strongest anti-offset capability when the minimum value is taken. If gamma changes, the output voltage constancy s at that timek1The curve varying with gamma is shown in FIG. 5, | E |/| E | non-woven cellsmaxThe curve as a function of k is shown in fig. 6.
When F (R)E) S is equal to 1, 0.5, 0, -0.5 and-0.8, respectivelyk1The curve varying with gamma is shown in FIG. 7, | E |/| E | non-woven cellsmaxThe curve as a function of k is shown in fig. 8.
From the above analysis the following conclusions can be drawn:
same F (R)E)，sk1Increasing with increasing γ indicates that the output voltage constancy decreases with increasing range of coupling coefficient variation, consistent with the visual perception.
F (R) with the same coupling coefficient variation range gammaE) The smaller the output voltage fluctuates, the larger the output voltage fluctuates. Thus, the equivalent input impedance R of the rectifier bridgeEThe smaller (i.e., the smaller F), the weaker the system's ability to resist drift.
When F (R)E) 1, 0.5, 0, -0.5 and-0.8 respectively, if one wants to satisfy | E |/| E | ceilingmax>0.8, the range of variation allowed for the coupling coefficient is 400%, 340%, 276%, 200% and 160%, respectively. This indicates that when the coupling coefficient is changed within this range, the output voltage of the system is substantially unchanged, i.e., the system has anti-offset capability.
The analysis process of the compensation topology with the constant current mode is basically the same as that of the constant voltage mode, and is not described herein.
In order to ensure the transmission efficiency of the system, the input impedance needs to be constrained. Equations (24) and (25) can be more intuitively represented by fig. 9 to 12, respectively.
k1And k2Respectively the minimum and maximum values of the coupling coefficient. Zin1'、Zin0' and Zin2' respectively, the coupling coefficient under rated load is k1、k0And k2Corresponding to the equivalent input impedance. ThetaS_maxAnd thetain_minWhen k is equal to k2When the load is rated loadA side input impedance angle and a primary side input impedance angle.
For CV mode, θSDecreases with decreasing α, θ is equal to 1 when | α |, is equal to 1S0; for the same coupling coefficient k, thetainIncreases with decreasing α; for the same α, θinIncreasing with decreasing k. The gray sector ring area in FIG. 10 is Zin' of the work area. For CC mode, θSDecreases with increasing α, when | α | is 1, θ S0; for the same coupling coefficient k, thetainIncreases with increasing α; for the same α, θinIncreasing with decreasing k. The gray sector ring area in FIG. 12 is Zin' of the work area.
Transmission efficiency eta of loosely coupled transformertComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002692636300000141
wherein R is1And R2Parasitic resistances, I, of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, respectivelySThe current flowing through the secondary winding.
The transmission efficiency η of the transformer can be known from the above formulatInput impedance Z of slave systeminThe increase in the real part increases. As can be seen from fig. 9 and 10, when the CV mode outputs, the transformer transmission efficiency increases first and then decreases with the decrease of α for the same coupling coefficient; as can be seen from fig. 11 and 12, when the CC mode is output, the transformer transmission efficiency increases first and then decreases with the increase of α for the same coupling coefficient; in both CV mode and CC mode, the system transmission efficiency is maximized when | α | > is 1, and the system input impedance angle at this time satisfies the following expression.
Figure BDA0002692636300000142
The specific embodiment is as follows:
to verify that the constant voltage/constant current type compensation topology with strong resistance to offset achieves the desired goal,an ICPT system adopting S/SP compensation topology is built, a schematic diagram of a system circuit is shown in FIG. 13, constant voltage anti-deviation is realized by only adopting three compensation capacitors, and the system cost is low. u. ofABIs the inverter output voltage, UoIs the load voltage. The system parameters were calculated according to the procedure shown in FIG. 4, where skmaxIs the maximum voltage fluctuation ratio, n is the primary and secondary side turns ratio, E0Is k ═ k0Voltage ratio of (i) RL1Is the resistance of the load, and Δ f is the step value of the change frequency, the parameter values are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1S/SP Compensation topology Circuit parameters
Figure BDA0002692636300000151
The graph of the load voltage as a function of the coupling coefficient and the load is shown in fig. 14, where the output voltage increases with increasing load, and increases and then decreases with increasing coupling coefficient. To quantify the output voltage fluctuation, an output range fluctuation g is definedR_CVIs represented by the formula (26). Wherein U iso-maxAnd Uo-minAnd a maximum value and a minimum value of the output voltage, respectively. FIG. 14 shows system gR_CVIs 5.57%, and realizes stronger anti-offset capability. Figure 15 is the efficiency of the system as a function of coupling coefficient and load. The highest and lowest efficiency of the system were 94.7% and 86.7%, respectively. The efficiencies are substantially the same for load resistances of 36 Ω and 72 Ω.
Figure BDA0002692636300000152
The graph of the system efficiency as a function of the load resistance when the coupling coefficient was maximized is shown in fig. 16, with a maximum efficiency of 94.7% and a minimum efficiency of 92.3%. As the load resistance increases, the system efficiency increases and then decreases, which is related to the transmission efficiency of the transformer increasing and then decreasing as the load resistance increases.
Under different coupling coefficients and loads, the waveform diagrams of the output voltage, the current and the load voltage of the inverter bridge of the system are shown in fig. 17 to 22, and the output voltage has small fluctuation along with the variation of the coupling coefficients and the load resistance value and is basically kept constant. As the coupling coefficient increases, the input impedance angle decreases, and as the load resistance increases, the input impedance angle increases, consistent with the above analysis of the input impedance characteristics. The input impedance angle is inductive in the variation range of full load and full coupling coefficient, which is beneficial to realizing soft switch. The gate-source voltage and drain-source voltage waveforms of the upper arm switching tube and the lower arm switching tube of the inverter bridge are shown in fig. 23 and 24. ZVS is realized when the drain-source voltage of the switching tube has dropped to zero before the arrival of the driving signal, which is also one of the important reasons for realizing high efficiency of the system.
In conclusion, the constant voltage/constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability proposed by the present invention can meet the intended target. According to the given parameter design method, the output of the compensation topology basically keeps constant voltage/constant current characteristics within a given offset range. In practical application, even if the coupling coefficient and the load are changed simultaneously, the output voltage of the system is basically unchanged, and the system efficiency can be maintained at about 90%. The compensation topology is expected to be widely applied to an ICPT system requiring constant voltage/constant current output.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.

Claims (5)

1. A design method of a constant-voltage or constant-current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability is characterized by comprising the following steps,
the wireless electric energy transmission system is equivalent to a two-port network;
the compensation topology is divided into a primary side compensation topology and a secondary side compensation topology, and the two-port transmission matrix of the primary side compensation topology is APThe two-port transmission matrix of the secondary side compensation topology is AS(ii) a With AMA two-port transmission matrix representing a loosely coupled transformer; obtaining a total two-port transmission matrix A of a compensation topology and a loose coupling transformer by the two-port network, and describing a relational expression of the two-port network by using the two-port transmission matrix A; and determining a two-port transmission matrix A and a two-port transmission matrix APTwo-port transmission matrix ASAnd a two-port transmission matrix AMThe relation between the two ports and the characteristic relation of the corresponding two-port network transmission matrix;
calculating according to the obtained relational expression to obtain a ratio E of output voltage and input voltage of the two-port network, a ratio G of output current and input voltage and a compensation topology input impedance ZinThe expression of (1);
setting values of partial elements in the two-port transmission matrix A, so that the output voltage or current of the wireless power transmission system is irrelevant to load and coupling, and obtaining an expression that the system output is in a constant voltage mode and a constant current mode;
the primary side compensation topology and the secondary side compensation topology are subjected to equivalence of a T-shaped compensation network at the same time, and a corresponding constant voltage mode expression and a constant current mode expression when the wireless power transmission system adopts a double T-shaped compensation network are further obtained;
setting the reactance of a primary side T-shaped left branch of the double T-shaped compensation network to be zero, and setting the reactance of a middle vertical branch to be infinite to obtain a single primary side equivalent S-shaped compensation network; obtaining a secondary equivalent T-shaped compensation network from a secondary T-shaped compensation network of the double T-shaped compensation network, and further obtaining a constant voltage mode and a constant current mode expression corresponding to the S/T-shaped compensation network of the wireless power transmission system;
under the restraint of constant voltage mode and constant current mode expressions corresponding to the S/T type compensation network, obtaining final compensation networks in various forms;
describing the relationships of the two-port network with a two-port transmission matrix a includes:
Figure FDA0003594226770000011
in the formula IinInput current for primary side compensation topology, IoIs the output current, V, of the secondary side compensation topologyinIs the effective value of the fundamental wave of the AC voltage after the output of the equivalent inverter bridge, VoIs the effective value of the equivalent fundamental voltage output by the equivalent rectifier bridge; a isijRepresents an element in the two-port transmission matrix a, where i represents the number of rows, i is 1, 2; j represents the number of columns, j is 1, 2;
two-port transmission matrix A and two-port transmission matrix APTwo-port transmission matrix ASAnd a two-port transmission matrix AMThe relationship between includes:
A＝APAMAS， (2)
the characteristic relation of the two-port network transmission matrix comprises:
a11a22-a21a12＝1； (3)
the ratio E of the output voltage to the input voltage of the two-port network is:
Figure FDA0003594226770000021
in the formula REIs the equivalent input impedance of the rectifier bridge;
the ratio G of output current to input voltage is:
Figure FDA0003594226770000022
compensating the topological input impedance ZinComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003594226770000023
setting a21And a12Is a pure imaginary number, a11And a22Is purely real, when a210 or a22When the coupling coefficient k of the loosely coupled transformer is kept constant, the output voltage or current of the wireless power transmission system obtains a characteristic independent of the load; when the coupling coefficient k of the loosely coupled transformer fluctuates, the | E | is constant, and the output voltage or current of the wireless power transmission system obtains the characteristic irrelevant to the coupling coefficient k; while maintaining the load-independent behavior, E is purely real and G is purely imaginary; the expression for obtaining a constant voltage mode independent of load and coupling is then:
Figure FDA0003594226770000024
the expression for constant current mode is:
Figure 1
(8)。
2. the design method of constant voltage or constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-excursion capability according to claim 1,
the primary side compensation topology and the secondary side compensation topology are simultaneously subjected to the equivalence of a T-shaped compensation network, and A is usedP *Two-port transmission matrix, A, representing a primary T-type compensation networkM *Two-port transmission matrix representing loosely coupled transformers, AS *And representing a two-port transmission matrix of the secondary side T-shaped compensation network to obtain:
A＝AP *AM *AS *， (9)
the corresponding constant voltage mode expression is transformed to:
Figure FDA0003594226770000031
the constant current mode expression is transformed into:
Figure FDA0003594226770000032
in the formula, ZP1Representing the reactance value, Z, of the left branch of a primary T-type compensation networkP2Representing the reactance value, Z, of the intermediate vertical branch of a primary T-type compensation networkP3Representing the reactance value of the right branch of the primary side T-shaped compensation network; zS1Representing the reactance value, Z, of the left branch of the secondary T-type compensation networkS2Representing the reactance value, Z, of the middle vertical branch of a T-type compensation network of the secondary sideS3Representing the reactance value of a branch on the right side of the secondary side T-shaped compensation network;
because of the reactance value Z of the right branch of the primary side T-shaped compensation networkP3Self-inductance L with the primary sidePAre connected in series and are collectively denoted as ZP3 *(ii) a Similarly, the reactance value Z of the left branch of the secondary side T-shaped compensation networkS1Self-induction with minor side LSAre collectively represented by ZS1 *；
Where ω is the operating angular frequency, k0The coupling coefficient in the loosely coupled transformer pair.
3. The method for designing a constant voltage or constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability according to claim 2, wherein after transforming the double T type compensation network into an S/T type compensation network, the equations (10) and (11) are simplified to obtain the corresponding constant voltage mode expressions:
Figure FDA0003594226770000033
constant current mode expression:
Figure FDA0003594226770000034
wherein: zP1 *Is a primary side series compensation capacitor C1And primary side self-inductance LPReactance of (d):
Figure 2
(14)。
4. the method according to claim 3, wherein for the wireless power transmission system of S/T type compensation network, the port transmission matrix A of the secondary side T type compensation network is used as the port transmission matrix AS *Input impedance ZSComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003594226770000042
wherein α is an intermediate variable:
Figure FDA0003594226770000043
then the topological input impedance Z is compensatedinIn the constant pressure mode:
Figure FDA0003594226770000044
in the constant current mode:
Figure FDA0003594226770000045
in the formula ZMInductive reactance value, Z, of the mutual inductance of loosely coupled transformersM0For a coupling coefficient of k0The inductive reactance value of the time-loose coupling transformer.
5. The design method of constant voltage or constant current type compensation topology with strong anti-offset capability as claimed in claim 4, wherein to realize soft switching, the input impedance angle of the wireless power transmission system is larger than zero, and it is required to satisfy:
ZP1*/j>0, the corresponding constant voltage mode constraint at this time is:
Figure FDA0003594226770000046
the constant current mode constraints are:
Figure FDA0003594226770000051
in the formula, thetaSFor the secondary input impedance angle, θinInputting an impedance angle for the wireless power transmission system;
wherein the equivalent input impedance Zin' is:
Figure 3
(21)。
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