CN112098303A - Device and method for testing and determining seepage rule of shale gas in hydraulic support fracture - Google Patents
Device and method for testing and determining seepage rule of shale gas in hydraulic support fracture Download PDFInfo
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- CN112098303A CN112098303A CN202011013531.6A CN202011013531A CN112098303A CN 112098303 A CN112098303 A CN 112098303A CN 202011013531 A CN202011013531 A CN 202011013531A CN 112098303 A CN112098303 A CN 112098303A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002637 fluid replacement therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
Abstract
The invention discloses a test determination device and a test determination method for a seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture, wherein the device comprises a triaxial core holder, a pipeline system, a seepage system, a pressure system, a data acquisition and processing system and a switch valve system; the method comprises the following steps: producing propped fractures containing different proppant particle sizes and quantities; hydraulic support fractures under different fracturing pressures, times and fracturing fluid flow rates are manufactured by implementing seepage of the fracturing fluid in the support fractures; measuring the permeability of the hydraulic support fracture under different support conditions and fracturing conditions; and obtaining seepage rules of the shale gas in different hydraulic support fractures and permeability evolution rules of the hydraulic support fractures by comparing the measured seepage curves of the shale gas in different hydraulic support fractures. The method can accurately measure the seepage rule of the shale gas in the hydraulic fracture, is simple to operate, can well reduce the real seepage condition of an actual fractured reservoir, and has important significance for the efficient development of shale gas reservoirs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shale gas reservoir development, in particular to a device and a method for testing and determining a seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture.
Background
The median value of the recoverable resource amount of the shale gas in the main basins and areas of China is about 30 billion cubic meters, which is approximately equivalent to 28 billion cubic meters of the recoverable resource amount of the shale gas in the United states, and the development potential of the shale gas in China is huge. Because the shale gas reservoir in China is compact and has the physical characteristics of low porosity and ultra-low permeability, the fracturing modification of the reservoir is the premise for realizing the efficient development of the shale gas reservoir. Practice has shown that the combination of proppant with hydraulic fracturing techniques can effectively increase the reservoir fracture network and weaken the closure of the fractures, but also brings a new set of problems. On one hand, hydration influences the elastic modulus of shale on the wall surface of the hydraulic fracture, and then influences the stress sensitivity of the permeability of the hydraulic fracture, and the fracturing fluid cannot be completely flowback, and the retained fracturing fluid occupies the pore space to influence the permeability of the fracture. On the other hand, as the pore pressure decreases and the effective stress increases with the production of shale gas, the proppant may fail, resulting in a decrease in hydraulic propped fracture permeability. Therefore, the seepage rule of shale gas in the hydraulic support fracture is accurately described, the permeability evolution mechanism of the hydraulic support fracture is revealed, and the method is of great importance to efficient development of shale gas reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test determination device and a test determination method for the seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture, which provide theoretical and experimental basis for researching the permeability evolution rule of a manual hydraulic fracturing shale gas reservoir by determining the seepage characteristic of the shale gas in the hydraulic support fracture and revealing the permeability evolution rule of the hydraulic support fracture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention discloses a test and determination device for seepage rule of shale gas in hydraulic support fracture, which comprises:
a triaxial core holder for holding a core containing propped fractures;
a pipeline system, the pipeline system including a front pipeline system located at the front side of the triaxial core holder and a rear pipeline system located at the rear side of the triaxial core holder, the front pipeline system including a front main pipeline, a front first parallel pipeline, a front second parallel pipeline, a front third parallel pipeline, and a front fourth parallel pipeline, the rear end of the front main pipeline being connected to the front ends of the front first parallel pipeline and the front second parallel pipeline, the front end of the front third parallel pipeline being connected to the rear ends of the front first parallel pipeline and the front second parallel pipeline, the rear end of the front third parallel pipeline being connected to the inlet of the triaxial core holder, the front end of the front fourth parallel pipeline being connected to the front third parallel pipeline, the rear pipeline system including a rear main pipeline, a rear pipeline, a front pipe, a rear pipe, a front pipe, The front end of the rear main pipeline is connected with an outlet of the triaxial core holder, the rear end of the rear main pipeline is simultaneously connected with the rear first parallel pipeline and the rear second parallel pipeline, and the rear end of the rear second parallel pipeline is provided with a first branch and a second branch;
the seepage system comprises an air source, a fracturing fluid storage tank, a back-flow fracturing fluid recovery tank, a front filter screen, a back filter screen, a first back-pressure valve, a fracturing fluid recovery tank, a gas desiccant container, a second back-pressure valve, a retained fracturing fluid recovery tank and a vacuum pump, the gas source is arranged on the front side main pipeline, the fracturing fluid storage tank is arranged on the front side first parallel pipeline, the flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank is arranged on a fourth parallel pipeline at the front side, the front filter screen and the rear filter screen are both arranged in the triaxial core holder and positioned at the front side and the rear side of the core, the first back pressure valve and the fracturing fluid recovery tank are arranged on the first parallel pipeline at the rear side from front to back, the retained fracturing fluid recovery tank, the gas desiccant container and the second back pressure valve are arranged on the second parallel pipeline on the rear side from front to back, and the vacuum pump is arranged on the first branch;
the pressure system comprises a double-cylinder plunger pump, an axial pressure pump, a confining pressure pump, a first back pressure pump and a second back pressure pump, the double-cylinder plunger pump is arranged on the front side main pipeline and is positioned at the rear side of the air source, the axial pressure pump and the confining pressure pump are respectively used for applying axial pressure and confining pressure to the rock core, the first back pressure pump is connected with the first back pressure valve, and the second back pressure pump is connected with the second back pressure valve;
the data acquisition and processing system comprises a first electronic weight recording scale, a second electronic weight recording scale, a third electronic weight recording scale, a fourth electronic weight recording scale, a fifth electronic weight recording scale, a pressure gauge, a liquid flow meter and an electronic soap film flow meter, wherein the first electronic weight recording scale, the second electronic weight recording scale, the third electronic weight recording scale, the fourth electronic weight recording scale and the fifth electronic weight recording scale are respectively used for recording the mass of the fracturing fluid storage tank, the flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank, the retained fracturing fluid recovery tank and the gas desiccant container, the pressure gauge is arranged on the rear side main pipeline, the liquid flow meter is arranged on the rear side first parallel pipeline and is positioned between the first back pressure valve and the fracturing fluid recovery tank, the electronic soap film flowmeter is arranged on the second branch;
the switching valve system comprises a first switching valve, a second switching valve, a third switching valve, a fourth switching valve, a fifth switching valve, a sixth switching valve, a seventh switching valve and an eighth switching valve, the first switching valve and the second switching valve are arranged on the first parallel pipeline at the front side and are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the fracturing fluid storage tank, the third switching valve is arranged on the second parallel pipeline at the front side, the fourth switching valve is arranged on the fourth parallel pipeline at the front side and is positioned at the front side of the back-discharge fracturing fluid recovery tank, the fifth switching valve is arranged on the first parallel pipeline at the rear side and is positioned at the front side of the first back-pressure valve, the sixth switching valve is arranged on the second parallel pipeline at the rear side and is positioned at the front side of the fracturing fluid recovery tank, the seventh switching valve is arranged on the first branch and is positioned at the front side of the vacuum extractor, the eighth switch valve is arranged on the second branch and is positioned on the front side of the electronic soap film flowmeter.
Preferably, the core comprises an upper core half, a proppant and a lower core half, the proppant being located between the upper core half and the lower core half.
The invention also discloses a test determination method for the seepage rule of the shale gas in the hydraulic support fracture, and the test determination device for the seepage rule of the shale gas in the hydraulic support fracture comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a rock core containing supporting cracks;
s2, checking the air tightness of the device;
s3, vacuumizing the test device;
s4, preparing hydraulic fracturing pressure PinFracturing fluid flow rate vwAnd fracturing the hydraulic support fracture with the fracturing time h;
s5, returning fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture;
s6, measuring the axial pressure of the hydraulic support fracture to be sigmagzConfining pressure of σgrEffective stress of σePermeability K, σ ofe＝σgr-(Pup+Pdown)/2。
Preferably, step S1 is specifically:
carrying out Brazilian splitting test on the complete cylindrical shale sample, forming a through crack in the diameter direction of the shale sample, and then paving the propping agent in the crack surface, thereby preparing the rock core containing the propping crack; and preparing the propped fractures under different propping conditions according to different particle sizes and different numbers of the laid proppants.
Preferably, step S2 is specifically:
placing the prepared rock core containing the supporting cracks into a triaxial rock core holder, taking down a fracturing fluid storage tank, evacuating fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank, then installing the rock core in situ, opening a first switch valve, a second switch valve, a third switch valve and a sixth switch valve, and closing a fourth switch valve, a fifth switch valve, a seventh switch valve and an eighth switch valve; setting the pressure of the axial pressure pump and the pressure of the confining pressure pump to be 1MPa, and providing 1MPa axial pressure and confining pressure for the rock core; opening the gas cylinder and the double-cylinder plunger pump, and setting the pressure of the output gas of the double-cylinder plunger pump to be 0.5MPa, so that the gas in the gas cylinder flows out of the double-cylinder plunger pump at the constant pressure of 0.5 MPa; and when the reading of the pressure gauge is 0.5MPa, closing the first switch valve and the third switch valve, if the reading of the pressure gauge is kept unchanged within 30min, considering that the air tightness of the device is good, and the requirements of a seepage test can be met, and if the reading of the pressure gauge cannot be kept unchanged within 30min, checking the air tightness of the device until the requirements of the air tightness can be met.
Preferably, step S3 is specifically:
and opening the seventh switch valve and the vacuum extractor in sequence, vacuumizing the test device, and then closing the second switch valve, the sixth switch valve, the seventh switch valve and the vacuum extractor in sequence.
Preferably, step S4 is specifically:
taking down the fracturing fluid storage tank, filling the fracturing fluid, and then installing the fracturing fluid storage tank in situ; setting the pressures of the axial pressure pump and the confining pressure pump to sigma respectivelywzAnd σwrSetting the output gas pressure of the double-cylinder plunger pump as Pin，PinHigher than σwrThe proppant is ensured to move freely in the hydraulic support fracture; opening the first return pump and setting its pressure to Pout，σwr<Pout<PinNot only ensures that the propping agent can freely move in the hydraulic support cracks, but also ensures that the fracturing fluid flows in from the inlet and flows out from the outlet of the triaxial core holder, and ensures that the pressure of the fluid at the outlet of the first back pressure valve is constant at PoutI.e. pressure of fracturing fluid at outlet of triaxial core holder is Pout(ii) a Opening the first switch valve, the second switch valve and the fifth switch valve in sequence to enable the fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank to be PinFlows into the triaxial core holder at a pressure of PoutThe pressure of the fracturing fluid flowing out of the three-axis core holder is measured by a liquid flowmeter, and the velocity v of the fracturing fluid flowing into a fracturing fluid recovery tank is measuredwFracturing fluid flow rate v for the same corewFrom PinAnd PoutJointly determining, and recording the duration of the process as hydraulic fracturing time h; according to hydraulic fracturingForce PinFlow velocity v of fracturing fluidwAnd preparing hydraulic support fractures under different fracturing conditions according to different hydraulic fracturing time h.
Preferably, step S5 is specifically:
closing the first switch valve, the second switch valve, the fifth switch valve and the first back-pressure pump in sequence; opening a fourth switch valve, and allowing the fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture to flow into a flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank under the action of differential pressure; and when the reading of the second electronic weight recording scale is kept unchanged within 30min, the fracturing fluid which can be drained back in the hydraulic support fracture is considered to be completely drained back, the fracturing fluid drainage stage is ended, the fourth switch valve is closed, and the residual fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture is the retained fracturing fluid.
Preferably, step S6 is specifically:
1) setting the pressure of the output gas of the double-cylinder plunger pump as PupThe pressures of the axial pressure pump and the confining pressure pump are respectively set to sigmagzAnd σgr，σgz>PupThe pressure of the second back pressure pump is set to be Pdown，σgz>Pup>PdownB, carrying out the following steps of; opening a third switch valve, a sixth switch valve and an eighth switch valve, recording the change rule of the discharge amount of the retained fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture along with time through a fourth electronic weight recording scale and a fifth electronic weight recording scale, and recording the reading of the electronic soap film flowmeter as v after the reading is stablegAnd the axial pressure sigma of the hydraulic support fracture can be calculated by using the following formulagzConfining pressure sigmagrEffective stress sigmaePermeability K of:
wherein K is the permeability in m2(ii) a μ is the gas viscosity in Pa · s; v. ofgIs the gas flow rate in m3/s；PupAnd PdownIs pressure, in Pa;
2) changing the axial pressure σ in step one of the sixth stepgzConfining pressure sigmagr、Pup、PdownRepeating the first step in the sixth step to obtain different axial pressures sigmagzConfining pressure sigmagrEffective stress sigmaeThe change rule of the discharge amount of the retained fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture along with time and the evolution rule of the permeability K of the hydraulic support fracture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a device and a method for testing and determining the seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture, which are simple to operate, can well restore the real seepage characteristic of an actual fractured reservoir and have important significance for the efficient development of shale gas reservoirs.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for testing and determining the seepage law of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture according to the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a Brazilian split test on a cylindrical shale sample;
FIG. 3 is a schematic proppant placement diagram;
description of reference numerals: 1-gas source; 2-double cylinder plunger pump; 3-a first electronic weight-recording scale; 4-a fracturing fluid storage tank; 5-a second on-off valve; 6-a first on-off valve; 7-a fourth switch valve; 8-a third on-off valve; 9-a flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank; 10-axial pressure pump; 11-a second electronic weight-recording scale; 12-a confining pressure pump; 13-front filter screen; 14-a core; 15-hydraulic propping of fractures; 16-a triaxial core holder; 17-a post-filter screen; 18-a fifth on-off valve; 19-a first back pressure valve; 20-fracturing fluid recovery tank; 21-a third electronic weight recording scale; 22-pressure gauge; 23-a first back pressure pump; 24-a sixth on-off valve; 25-a liquid flow meter; 26-a gas desiccant; 27-a fourth electronic weight-recording scale; 28-a second back pressure valve; 29-a retained fracturing fluid recovery tank; 30-a second back pressure pump; 31-a fifth electronic weight-recording scale; 32-seventh on-off valve; 33-vacuum-pumping machine; 34-an eighth switch valve; 35-electronic soap film flow meter; 36-upper pressure head; 37-fracturing the crack; 38-lower ram; 39-upper core half; 40-a proppant; 41-lower core half.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a test determination device and a test determination method for the seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture, which provide theoretical and experimental basis for researching the permeability evolution rule of a manual hydraulic fracturing shale gas reservoir by determining the seepage characteristic of the shale gas in the hydraulic support fracture and revealing the permeability evolution rule of the hydraulic support fracture.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a device for testing a seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture, including a triaxial core holder 16, a pipeline system, a seepage system, a pressure system, a data acquisition and processing system, and a switch valve system.
Wherein the triaxial core holder 16 is for holding a core 14 containing propped fractures. The triaxial core holder 16 is comprised of two parts, an inner cavity and an outer cavity, the inner cavity being a core 14 placement cavity and the outer cavity being a confining pressure application cavity, the holder model preferably being in the form of a rubber sleeve, the holder model having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet.
The piping system includes a front piping system located at the front side of the triaxial core holder 16 and a rear piping system located at the rear side of the triaxial core holder 16. The front side pipeline system comprises a front side main pipeline, a front side first parallel pipeline, a front side second parallel pipeline, a front side third parallel pipeline and a front side fourth parallel pipeline. The rear end of the front side main pipeline is connected with the front ends of the front side first parallel pipeline and the front side second parallel pipeline at the same time, the front end of the front side third parallel pipeline is connected with the rear ends of the front side first parallel pipeline and the front side second parallel pipeline at the same time, the rear end of the front side third parallel pipeline is connected with an inlet of the triaxial core holder 16, and the front end of the front side fourth parallel pipeline is connected with the front side third parallel pipeline. The rear pipeline system comprises a rear main pipeline, a rear first parallel pipeline and a rear second parallel pipeline. The front end of the rear main pipeline is connected with an outlet of the triaxial core holder 16, the rear end of the rear main pipeline is simultaneously connected with a rear first parallel pipeline and a rear second parallel pipeline, and the rear end of the rear second parallel pipeline is provided with a first branch and a second branch.
The seepage system comprises an air source 1, a fracturing fluid storage tank 4, a back-flow fracturing fluid recovery tank 9, a front filter screen 13, a back filter screen 17, a first back-pressure valve 19, a fracturing fluid recovery tank 20, a gas desiccant container 26, a second back-pressure valve 28, a retained fracturing fluid recovery tank 29 and a vacuum pump 33. Air supply 1 locates on the front side main pipeline, fracturing fluid storage tank 4 locates on the first parallel pipeline of front side, flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank 9 locates on the fourth parallel pipeline of front side, preceding filter screen 13 and back filter screen 17 all locate in triaxial core holder 16 and lie in both sides around the core 14, first backpressure valve 19, fracturing fluid recovery tank 20 is by preceding to locate on the first parallel pipeline of rear side after to, detain fracturing fluid recovery tank 29, gaseous drier container 26, second backpressure valve 28 is by preceding to locate on the second parallel pipeline of rear side after to, evacuation machine 33 locates on the first branch.
The gas in the gas source 1 flows into the fracturing fluid storage tank 4 or the inlet of the triaxial core holder 16 at a constant pressure under the action of the double-cylinder plunger pump 2. The fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank 4 seeps into the hydraulic propped fractures 15 under the action of the gas pressure. The front screen 13 and the rear screen 17 prevent the proppant 40 in the hydraulic propped fracture 15 from entering the seepage line with the fluid, and avoid the seepage line from being blocked. The proppant 40 in the hydraulically propped fracture 15 needs to be manually laid before the core 14 is placed into the triaxial core holder 16, and propped fractures of different propping conditions are prepared according to different particle sizes and quantities of the laid proppant 40. The first back-pressure valve 19 is used in combination with the first back-pressure pump 23 to ensure that the liquid pressure at the outlet of the first back-pressure valve 19, i.e. the liquid pressure at the outlet of the triaxial core holder 16, is constant. The fracturing fluid recovery tank 20 stores fracturing fluid flowing out of the outlet of the triaxial core holder 16. The back-flow fracturing fluid recovery tank 9 stores fracturing fluid back-discharged from an inlet of the triaxial core holder 16. The retained fracturing fluid recovery tank 29 stores the retained fracturing fluid which flows out of the outlet of the triaxial core holder 16 during gas seepage, and the discharge amount of the retained fracturing fluid can be measured by combining an electronic weight recording scale. The gaseous desiccant in the gaseous desiccant container 26 absorbs the water vapor that participates in the seepage and the mass of the water vapor that participates in the seepage is recorded in conjunction with an electronic weight scale. The second back-pressure valve 28 is used in combination with the second back-pressure pump 30 to ensure that the pressure of the gas at the outlet of the second back-pressure valve 28, i.e. the pressure of the gas at the outlet of the triaxial core holder 16, is constant. The vacuum pump 33 evacuates the gas in the effusion cell by pumping out the gas from the effusion cell.
The pressure system comprises a double-cylinder plunger pump 2, an axial pressure pump 10, a confining pressure pump 12, a first back pressure pump 23 and a second back pressure pump 30, the double-cylinder plunger pump 2 is arranged on a front side main pipeline and is located on the rear side of an air source 1, the axial pressure pump 10 and the confining pressure pump 12 are respectively used for applying axial pressure and confining pressure to the rock core 14, the first back pressure pump 23 is connected with a first back pressure valve 19, and the second back pressure pump 30 is connected with a second back pressure valve 28.
The double-cylinder plunger pump 2 comprises two cylinders, fluid in each cylinder can flow out at constant pressure under the combined action of an injection pump and a piston, and continuous and stable constant-pressure fluid can be provided by alternately operating the two cylinders. The axial pressure pump 10 is in communication with a press for pumping a fluid, such as water, into the axial press, and applies pressure to the core 14 in an axial direction through a piston rod of the axial press, and the application of different axial pressures to the core 14 is achieved by adjusting the pressure of the fluid in the press. The confining pressure pump 12 pumps a liquid, such as water, into the confining pressure chamber, and the pressure of the liquid in the confining pressure chamber is adjusted to apply different confining pressures to the core 14. The first back-pressure pump 23 pumps a liquid, such as water, into the cushion chamber of the first back-pressure valve 19, and the cushion acts on the fluid passing through the first back-pressure valve 19, thereby ensuring that the pressure of the fluid at the outlet of the first back-pressure valve 19 is constant. The second back-pressure pump 30 pumps liquid, such as water, into the cushion chamber of the second back-pressure valve 28, and the cushion acts on the fluid passing through the second back-pressure valve 28, so that the pressure of the fluid at the outlet of the second back-pressure valve 28 can be kept constant under the combined action of the second back-pressure pump 30 and the second back-pressure valve 28.
The data acquisition and processing system comprises a first electronic weight recording scale 3, a second electronic weight recording scale 11, a third electronic weight recording scale 21, a fourth electronic weight recording scale 27, a fifth electronic weight recording scale 31, a pressure gauge 22, a liquid flow meter 25 and an electronic soap film flow meter 35, first electron weight record balance 3, second electron weight record balance 11, third electron weight record balance 21, fourth electron weight record balance 27 and fifth electron weight record balance 31 are used for weighing fracturing fluid storage tank 4 respectively, flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank 9, fracturing fluid recovery tank 20, the quality of stranded fracturing fluid recovery tank 29 and gas drier container 26, manometer 22 is located the rear side on the main pipeline, fluidflowmeter 25 locates on the first parallel pipeline of rear side and is located first backpressure valve 19, between fracturing fluid recovery tank 20, electronic soap film flowmeter 35 locates on the second branch.
The first electronic weight recording scale 3 records the weight of the fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank 4 and can be used for judging whether the fracturing fluid storage tank 4 needs fluid replacement. The second electronic weight recording scale 11 records the weight of the fracturing fluid in the back-discharge fracturing fluid recovery tank 9, and can be used for judging whether the fracturing fluid is discharged from the inlet of the triaxial core holder 16 or not and whether the back-discharge fracturing fluid recovery tank 9 is full of the fracturing fluid and needs to be emptied. The third electronic weight recording scale 21 records the weight of the fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid recovery tank 20, and can be used for judging whether the fracturing fluid recovery tank 20 is full of fluid and needs to be emptied. The fourth electronic weight scale 27 records the weight of the fracturing fluid in the residual fracturing fluid recovery tank 29, i.e., the mass of the residual fracturing fluid discharged from the hydraulically propped fracture 15 during the gas infiltration process. The fifth electronic weight scale 31 records the weight of the water vapor (the major component of the fracturing fluid is water) flowing into the gas desiccant container 26. The pressure gauge 22 measures and records the pressure of the fluid at the outlet of the triaxial core holder 16. The fluid flow meter 25 measures and records the flow rate of the fracturing fluid flowing into the fracturing fluid recovery tank 20 through the first back-pressure valve 19. The electronic soap film flow meter 35 is used to measure the flow rate of gas flowing into the electronic soap film flow meter 35 through the second back pressure valve 28, i.e., the flow rate of gas (not containing water vapor) at the outlet of the triaxial core holder 16.
The switching valve system comprises a first switching valve 6, a second switching valve 5, a third switching valve 8, a fourth switching valve 7, a fifth switching valve 18, a sixth switching valve 24, a seventh switching valve 32 and an eighth switching valve 34, first ooff valve 6 and second ooff valve 5 all locate on the first parallel pipeline of front side and are located the front and back both sides of fracturing fluid storage tank 4 respectively, third ooff valve 8 locates on the second parallel pipeline of front side, fourth ooff valve 7 locates on the fourth parallel pipeline of front side and is located flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank 9 front side, fifth ooff valve 18 locates on the first parallel pipeline of rear side and is located first pressure return valve 19 front side, sixth ooff valve 24 locates on the second parallel pipeline of rear side and is located detaining fracturing fluid recovery tank 29 front side, seventh ooff valve 32 locates on the first branch and is located the vacuum extractor 33 front side, eighth ooff valve 34 locates on the second branch and is located electron soap film flowmeter 35 front side.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the core 14 held in the triaxial core holder 16 in this embodiment includes an upper core half 39, a proppant 40, and a lower core half 41, the proppant 40 being located between the upper core half 39 and the lower core half 41.
The embodiment also provides a method for testing and determining the seepage rule of the shale gas in the hydraulic support fracture 15, and the device for testing and determining the seepage rule of the shale gas in the hydraulic support fracture 15 comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a rock core 14 containing supporting cracks;
s2, checking the air tightness of the device;
s3, vacuumizing the test device;
s4, preparing hydraulic fracturing pressure PinFracturing fluid flow rate vwAnd hydraulic propped fractures 15 with a fracturing time h;
s5, returning the fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture 15;
s6, measuring the axial pressure of the hydraulic support fracture 15 to be sigmagzConfining pressure of σgrEffective stress of σe(σe＝σgr-(Pup+Pdown) Permeability K at/2).
Step S1 specifically includes:
as shown in fig. 2, a brazilian splitting test is performed on a complete cylindrical shale sample, a fracture 37 is formed in the vertical diameter direction of the core 14 by applying a load to the core 14 through an upper pressure head 36 and a lower pressure head 38, and then a proppant 40 is laid in the fracture surface, so that the core 14 containing the propped fracture is prepared; and preparing the propped fracture under different propping conditions according to different particle sizes and different quantities of the laid proppants 40.
Step S2 specifically includes:
placing the prepared rock core 14 containing the supporting cracks into a triaxial rock core holder 16, taking down a fracturing fluid storage tank 4, evacuating fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank, installing the fracturing fluid in situ, opening a first switch valve 6, a second switch valve 5, a third switch valve 8 and a sixth switch valve 24, and closing a fourth switch valve 7, a fifth switch valve 18, a seventh switch valve 32 and an eighth switch valve 34; setting the pressure of the axial pressure pump 10 and the pressure of the confining pressure pump 12 to be 1MPa, and providing 1MPa axial pressure and confining pressure for the core 14; opening the gas cylinder and the double-cylinder plunger pump 2, and setting the pressure of the output gas of the double-cylinder plunger pump 2 to be 0.5MPa, so that the gas in the gas cylinder flows out of the double-cylinder plunger pump 2 at the constant pressure of 0.5 MPa; and when the reading of the pressure gauge 22 is 0.5MPa, closing the first switch valve 6 and the third switch valve 8, if the reading of the pressure gauge 22 is kept unchanged within 30min, considering that the air tightness of the device is good and can meet the requirements of the seepage test, and if the reading of the pressure gauge 22 cannot be kept unchanged within 30min, checking the air tightness of the device until the air tightness requirement can be met.
Step S3 specifically includes:
after the seventh on-off valve 32 and the vacuum extractor 33 are opened in this order and the test apparatus is evacuated, the second on-off valve 5, the sixth on-off valve 24, the seventh on-off valve 32, and the vacuum extractor 33 are closed in this order.
Step S4 specifically includes:
taking down the fracturing fluid storage tank 4, filling the fracturing fluid, and then installing the fracturing fluid storage tank in situ; the pressures of the axial pressure pump 10 and the confining pressure pump 12 are set to σ, respectivelywzAnd σwrThe output gas pressure of the double-cylinder plunger pump 2 is set to be Pin(PinHigher than σwrEnsuring that the proppant 40 moves freely in the hydraulic propped fracture 15); the first return pump 23 is turned on and its pressure set to Pout(σwr<Pout<PinNot only ensuring that the propping agent 40 can freely move in the hydraulic support cracks 15, but also ensuring that the fracturing fluid flows in from the inlet and flows out from the outlet of the triaxial core holder 16), ensuring that the pressure of the liquid at the outlet of the first back pressure valve 19 is constant at PoutI.e. pressure of fracturing fluid at outlet of triaxial core holder 16 is Pout(ii) a Sequentially opening the first switch valve 6, the second switch valve 5 and the fifth switch valve 18 to enable the fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank 4 to be in PinFlows into the triaxial core holder 16 and is at PoutFlows out of the triaxial core holder 16 and measures the velocity v of the fracturing fluid flowing into the fracturing fluid recovery tank 20 by means of a fluid flow meter 25w(for the same core 14, fracturing fluid flow rate vwFrom PinAnd PoutCo-determination), the duration of the process is recorded as the hydraulic fracturing time h; according to hydraulic fracturing pressure PinFlow velocity v of fracturing fluidwAnd different hydraulic fracturing time h, preparing hydraulic support fractures 15 with different fracturing conditions.
Step S5 specifically includes:
the first switching valve 6, the second switching valve 5, the fifth switching valve 18, and the first back-pressure pump 23 are sequentially closed; opening a fourth switch valve 7, and allowing the fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture 15 to flow into a flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank 9 under the action of pressure difference; when the reading of the second electronic weight recording scale 11 is kept unchanged within 30min, it can be considered that all the fracturing fluid which can be flowback in the hydraulic support fracture 15 is flowback, the flowing-back stage of the fracturing fluid is finished, the fourth switch valve 7 is closed, and at this time, the remaining fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture 15 is the retained fracturing fluid.
Step S6 specifically includes:
1) the pressure of the output gas of the double-cylinder plunger pump 2 is set to be PupThe pressures of the axial pressure pump 10 and the confining pressure pump 12 are set to σ respectivelygzAnd σgr(σgz>Pup) The pressure of the second back-pressure pump 30 is set to Pdown(σgz>Pup>Pdown) (ii) a Opening the third switch valve 8, the sixth switch valve 24 and the eighth switch valve 34, recording the change rule of the discharge amount of the fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture 15 along with time through the fourth electronic weight recording scale 27 and the fifth electronic weight recording scale 31, and recording the reading as v after the reading of the electronic soap film flowmeter 35 is stablegAnd the axial pressure sigma of the hydraulic support fracture 15 can be calculated by using the following formulagzConfining pressure sigmagrEffective stress sigmaePermeability K of:
wherein K is the permeability in m2(ii) a μ is the gas viscosity in Pa · s; v. ofgIs the gas flow rate in m3/s；PupAnd PdownIs pressure, in Pa;
2) changing the axial pressure σ in step one of the sixth stepgzConfining pressure sigmagr、Pup、PdownRepeating the first step in the sixth step to obtain different axial pressures sigmagzConfining pressure sigmagrEffective stress sigmaeThe change rule of the discharge amount of the retained fracturing fluid in the lower hydraulic support fracture 15 along with time and the evolution rule of the permeability K of the hydraulic support fracture 15.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a shale gas experimental survey device of seepage flow law in hydraulic support fracture which characterized in that includes:
a triaxial core holder for holding a core containing propped fractures;
a pipeline system, the pipeline system including a front pipeline system located at the front side of the triaxial core holder and a rear pipeline system located at the rear side of the triaxial core holder, the front pipeline system including a front main pipeline, a front first parallel pipeline, a front second parallel pipeline, a front third parallel pipeline, and a front fourth parallel pipeline, the rear end of the front main pipeline being connected to the front ends of the front first parallel pipeline and the front second parallel pipeline, the front end of the front third parallel pipeline being connected to the rear ends of the front first parallel pipeline and the front second parallel pipeline, the rear end of the front third parallel pipeline being connected to the inlet of the triaxial core holder, the front end of the front fourth parallel pipeline being connected to the front third parallel pipeline, the rear pipeline system including a rear main pipeline, a rear pipeline, a front pipe, a rear pipe, a front pipe, The front end of the rear main pipeline is connected with an outlet of the triaxial core holder, the rear end of the rear main pipeline is simultaneously connected with the rear first parallel pipeline and the rear second parallel pipeline, and the rear end of the rear second parallel pipeline is provided with a first branch and a second branch;
the seepage system comprises an air source, a fracturing fluid storage tank, a back-flow fracturing fluid recovery tank, a front filter screen, a back filter screen, a first back-pressure valve, a fracturing fluid recovery tank, a gas desiccant container, a second back-pressure valve, a retained fracturing fluid recovery tank and a vacuum pump, the gas source is arranged on the front side main pipeline, the fracturing fluid storage tank is arranged on the front side first parallel pipeline, the flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank is arranged on a fourth parallel pipeline at the front side, the front filter screen and the rear filter screen are both arranged in the triaxial core holder and positioned at the front side and the rear side of the core, the first back pressure valve and the fracturing fluid recovery tank are arranged on the first parallel pipeline at the rear side from front to back, the retained fracturing fluid recovery tank, the gas desiccant container and the second back pressure valve are arranged on the second parallel pipeline on the rear side from front to back, and the vacuum pump is arranged on the first branch;
the pressure system comprises a double-cylinder plunger pump, an axial pressure pump, a confining pressure pump, a first back pressure pump and a second back pressure pump, the double-cylinder plunger pump is arranged on the front side main pipeline and is positioned at the rear side of the air source, the axial pressure pump and the confining pressure pump are respectively used for applying axial pressure and confining pressure to the rock core, the first back pressure pump is connected with the first back pressure valve, and the second back pressure pump is connected with the second back pressure valve;
the data acquisition and processing system comprises a first electronic weight recording scale, a second electronic weight recording scale, a third electronic weight recording scale, a fourth electronic weight recording scale, a fifth electronic weight recording scale, a pressure gauge, a liquid flow meter and an electronic soap film flow meter, wherein the first electronic weight recording scale, the second electronic weight recording scale, the third electronic weight recording scale, the fourth electronic weight recording scale and the fifth electronic weight recording scale are respectively used for recording the mass of the fracturing fluid storage tank, the flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank, the retained fracturing fluid recovery tank and the gas desiccant container, the pressure gauge is arranged on the rear side main pipeline, the liquid flow meter is arranged on the rear side first parallel pipeline and is positioned between the first back pressure valve and the fracturing fluid recovery tank, the electronic soap film flowmeter is arranged on the second branch;
the switching valve system comprises a first switching valve, a second switching valve, a third switching valve, a fourth switching valve, a fifth switching valve, a sixth switching valve, a seventh switching valve and an eighth switching valve, the first switching valve and the second switching valve are arranged on the first parallel pipeline at the front side and are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the fracturing fluid storage tank, the third switching valve is arranged on the second parallel pipeline at the front side, the fourth switching valve is arranged on the fourth parallel pipeline at the front side and is positioned at the front side of the back-discharge fracturing fluid recovery tank, the fifth switching valve is arranged on the first parallel pipeline at the rear side and is positioned at the front side of the first back-pressure valve, the sixth switching valve is arranged on the second parallel pipeline at the rear side and is positioned at the front side of the fracturing fluid recovery tank, the seventh switching valve is arranged on the first branch and is positioned at the front side of the vacuum extractor, the eighth switch valve is arranged on the second branch and is positioned on the front side of the electronic soap film flowmeter.
2. The experimental determination device for determining the seepage law of shale gas in a hydraulic propping fracture according to claim 1, wherein said core comprises an upper core half, a proppant and a lower core half, and said proppant is located between said upper core half and said lower core half.
3. A test determination method for seepage law of shale gas in hydraulic support fracture is characterized by using the test determination device for seepage law of shale gas in hydraulic support fracture as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, and comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a rock core containing supporting cracks;
s2, checking the air tightness of the device;
s3, vacuumizing the test device;
s4, preparing hydraulic fracturing pressure PinFracturing fluid flow rate vwAnd fracturing the hydraulic support fracture with the fracturing time h;
s5, returning fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture;
s6, measuring the axial pressure of the hydraulic support fracture to be sigmagzConfining pressure of σgrEffective stress of σePermeability K, σ ofe＝σgr-(Pup+Pdown)/2。
4. The method for testing the seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture according to claim 3, wherein the step S1 is specifically as follows:
carrying out Brazilian splitting test on the complete cylindrical shale sample, forming a through crack in the diameter direction of the shale sample, and then paving the propping agent in the crack surface, thereby preparing the rock core containing the propping crack; and preparing the propped fractures under different propping conditions according to different particle sizes and different numbers of the laid proppants.
5. The method for testing the seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture according to claim 3, wherein the step S2 is specifically as follows:
placing the prepared rock core containing the supporting cracks into a triaxial rock core holder, taking down a fracturing fluid storage tank, evacuating fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank, then installing the rock core in situ, opening a first switch valve, a second switch valve, a third switch valve and a sixth switch valve, and closing a fourth switch valve, a fifth switch valve, a seventh switch valve and an eighth switch valve; setting the pressure of the axial pressure pump and the pressure of the confining pressure pump to be 1MPa, and providing 1MPa axial pressure and confining pressure for the rock core; opening the gas cylinder and the double-cylinder plunger pump, and setting the pressure of the output gas of the double-cylinder plunger pump to be 0.5MPa, so that the gas in the gas cylinder flows out of the double-cylinder plunger pump at the constant pressure of 0.5 MPa; and when the reading of the pressure gauge is 0.5MPa, closing the first switch valve and the third switch valve, if the reading of the pressure gauge is kept unchanged within 30min, considering that the air tightness of the device is good, and the requirements of a seepage test can be met, and if the reading of the pressure gauge cannot be kept unchanged within 30min, checking the air tightness of the device until the requirements of the air tightness can be met.
6. The method for testing the seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture according to claim 3, wherein the step S3 is specifically as follows:
and opening the seventh switch valve and the vacuum extractor in sequence, vacuumizing the test device, and then closing the second switch valve, the sixth switch valve, the seventh switch valve and the vacuum extractor in sequence.
7. The method for testing the seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture according to claim 3, wherein the step S4 is specifically as follows:
store the fracturing fluidTaking down the tank, filling the tank with fracturing fluid, and then installing the tank in situ; setting the pressures of the axial pressure pump and the confining pressure pump to sigma respectivelywzAnd σwrSetting the output gas pressure of the double-cylinder plunger pump as Pin，PinHigher than σwrThe proppant is ensured to move freely in the hydraulic support fracture; opening the first return pump and setting its pressure to Pout，σwr<Pout<PinNot only ensures that the propping agent can freely move in the hydraulic support cracks, but also ensures that the fracturing fluid flows in from the inlet and flows out from the outlet of the triaxial core holder, and ensures that the pressure of the fluid at the outlet of the first back pressure valve is constant at PoutI.e. pressure of fracturing fluid at outlet of triaxial core holder is Pout(ii) a Opening the first switch valve, the second switch valve and the fifth switch valve in sequence to enable the fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank to be PinFlows into the triaxial core holder at a pressure of PoutThe pressure of the fracturing fluid flowing out of the three-axis core holder is measured by a liquid flowmeter, and the velocity v of the fracturing fluid flowing into a fracturing fluid recovery tank is measuredwFracturing fluid flow rate v for the same corewFrom PinAnd PoutJointly determining, and recording the duration of the process as hydraulic fracturing time h; according to hydraulic fracturing pressure PinFlow velocity v of fracturing fluidwAnd preparing hydraulic support fractures under different fracturing conditions according to different hydraulic fracturing time h.
8. The method for testing the seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture according to claim 3, wherein the step S5 is specifically as follows:
closing the first switch valve, the second switch valve, the fifth switch valve and the first back-pressure pump in sequence; opening a fourth switch valve, and allowing the fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture to flow into a flowback fracturing fluid recovery tank under the action of differential pressure; and when the reading of the second electronic weight recording scale is kept unchanged within 30min, the fracturing fluid which can be drained back in the hydraulic support fracture is considered to be completely drained back, the fracturing fluid drainage stage is ended, the fourth switch valve is closed, and the residual fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture is the retained fracturing fluid.
9. The method for testing the seepage rule of shale gas in a hydraulic support fracture according to claim 3, wherein the step S6 is specifically as follows:
1) setting the pressure of the output gas of the double-cylinder plunger pump as PupThe pressures of the axial pressure pump and the confining pressure pump are respectively set to sigmagzAnd σgr，σgz>PupThe pressure of the second back pressure pump is set to be Pdown，σgz>Pup>PdownB, carrying out the following steps of; opening a third switch valve, a sixth switch valve and an eighth switch valve, recording the change rule of the discharge amount of the retained fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture along with time through a fourth electronic weight recording scale and a fifth electronic weight recording scale, and recording the reading of the electronic soap film flowmeter as v after the reading is stablegAnd the axial pressure sigma of the hydraulic support fracture can be calculated by using the following formulagzConfining pressure sigmagrEffective stress sigmaePermeability K of:
wherein K is the permeability in m2(ii) a μ is the gas viscosity in Pa · s; v. ofgIs the gas flow rate in m3/s；PupAnd PdownIs pressure, in Pa;
2) changing the axial pressure σ in step one of the sixth stepgzConfining pressure sigmagr、Pup、PdownRepeating the first step in the sixth step to obtain different axial pressures sigmagzConfining pressure sigmagrEffective stress sigmaeThe change rule of the discharge amount of the retained fracturing fluid in the hydraulic support fracture along with time and the evolution rule of the permeability K of the hydraulic support fracture.
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| CN113389535A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-09-14 | 东北大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating proppant laying and permeability evolution |
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