CN112098012A - Method for judging hydrogen leakage of generator coil bar - Google Patents
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- CN112098012A CN112098012A CN202010946377.1A CN202010946377A CN112098012A CN 112098012 A CN112098012 A CN 112098012A CN 202010946377 A CN202010946377 A CN 202010946377A CN 112098012 A CN112098012 A CN 112098012A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for judging hydrogen leakage of a generator coil bar, which comprises the following steps: s1, measuring the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the stator of the generator aiming at the generator set with the hydrogen leakage exceeding the standard, and comparing and judging whether the measured value of the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the stator of the generator exceeds the hydrogen saturation solubility fixed value under the conditions of the temperature and the pressure of the cooling water of the stator at present; and S2, if the measured value of the hydrogen content in the stator cooling water of the generator exceeds the hydrogen saturation solubility fixed value under the conditions of the temperature and the pressure of the current stator cooling water, reducing the hydrogen pressure in an equal ratio (empirically taking the ratio of the reduced hydrogen pressure) to reduce the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the stator cooling water. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for judging the hydrogen leakage of the generator coil bar does not need to increase equipment, is easy to operate, is used as one of means for judging the hydrogen leakage point, is convenient for auxiliary judgment of the hydrogen leakage fault of the generator, and provides guidance for overhaul, safety and stability of a unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of detection of hydrogen leakage of a generator bar, and particularly relates to a method for judging hydrogen leakage of the generator bar.
Background
The domestic large turbonators almost adopt a water-hydrogen cooling mode, namely a mode of water-internal cooling of a stator winding, hydrogen-internal cooling of a rotor winding and hydrogen-cooling of the surface of a stator iron core. The hydrogen leakage amount of the generator fixed cooling water system reaches 0.3m3The lack should be eliminated when the hydrogen leakage is larger than 5m3The process should be stopped immediately at/d. When a leakage point exists in a hydrogen/fixed cold water system, if the leakage point is not processed in time, the generator can be burnt out due to heating or short circuit, even explosion accidents are caused, and personal and equipment safety is seriously threatened. When the content of dissolved hydrogen at the outlet of the generator customized cooling water pump is larger than a certain value (0.06 mg/L is recommended conventionally), the stator cooling water has the risk of hydrogen leakage.
Monitoring the leakage condition of the generator stator cooling water system is an effective means for ensuring the safe operation of the generator. In the constant cooling water system, constant cooling water enters the generator from the excitation end, returns to the constant cooling water tank from the steam end after cooling the coil bar, is conveyed by the constant cooling water pump after being cooled by the cooling device, enters from the excitation end and returns to the steam end, and circulates sequentially. The cooling water only contacts with the generator bar in the generator. The hydrogen pressure (generally about 300-500 kPa) in the generator is larger than the water pressure (generally about 250-400 kPa), and the constant-temperature and normal-pressure water tank is arranged in the constant-temperature and normal-pressure water tank. When the generator bar has defects such as cracks, hydrogen can enter a stator coil cooling water system from the cracks. The hydrogen leakage into the stator cooling water can be shown in that the hydrogen content in the stator cooling water is increased, the number of times of hydrogen discharge of the stator cooling water tank per day is increased, the whole hydrogen leakage amount of a generator hydrogen system is increased, and the like.
The harm of hydrogen leaking into the chilled water is mainly that copper ions in the chilled water are reduced into elemental copper which is deposited in a system, and the copper ions are accumulated for a long time to block pipelines and wire rods, so that the flow is reduced, the temperature is increased, and the unit is forced to operate in a load-reducing mode or stop.
At present, the domestic method for monitoring hydrogen leakage of the generator cold water system mainly aims at mounting a hydrogen leakage alarm at the top of a cold water tank. The method has a single monitoring means, and cannot judge the specific leakage position and the like. The unit can also develop wind pressure and water pressure tests after maintenance. However, due to the influence of the accuracy of the pressure gauge, only large leakage can be detected, the test period is long, and the specific leakage position cannot be judged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for judging the hydrogen leakage of a generator bar.
The method for judging the hydrogen leakage of the generator bar comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the stator of the generator aiming at the generator set with the hydrogen leakage exceeding the standard, and comparing and judging whether the measured value of the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the stator of the generator exceeds the hydrogen saturation solubility fixed value under the conditions of the temperature and the pressure of the cooling water of the stator at present;
s2, if the measured value of the hydrogen content in the stator cooling water of the generator exceeds the hydrogen saturation solubility fixed value under the conditions of the temperature and the pressure of the current stator cooling water, reducing the hydrogen pressure in an equal ratio (the proportion of the reduced hydrogen pressure is taken out empirically) to reduce the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the stator cooling water; if the measured value of the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator does not exceed the hydrogen saturation solubility fixed value under the conditions of the temperature and the pressure of the current stator cooling water, reducing the pressure of the cooling water of the generator stator by equal difference (the proportion of reducing the pressure of the cooling water of the generator stator is taken out from experience), so that the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the cooling water of the generator stator is increased;
s3, measuring the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator again;
s3.1, under the condition of reducing the hydrogen pressure in an equal ratio: if the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the stator of the generator is reduced by more than a certain percentage, determining that the generator coil bar has a hydrogen leakage condition (according to the dissolution characteristic of the hydrogen in the water, the hydrogen content is reduced along with the temperature rise and reduced along with the pressure reduction); if the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator does not decrease by more than a certain percentage, executing step S4;
s3.2, under the condition that the pressure of the cooling water of the stator of the generator is reduced by equal difference: if the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator rises to exceed a certain percentage, judging that the generator coil bar has a hydrogen leakage problem; if the hydrogen content in the generator stator cooling water does not rise over a certain percentage, executing step S5;
s4, when the difference between the hydrogen and the cooling water pressure of the stator of the generator is larger than or equal to 100kPa, the steps S2 to S3 are repeatedly executed; when the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the cooling water of the stator of the generator is within the range of 50 kPa-100 kPa, judging that the generator coil bar does not leak hydrogen, and continuously checking other potential leakage points;
s5, when the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the cooling water of the stator of the generator is 50 kPa-300 kPa, the steps S2-S3 are repeatedly executed; and when the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the cooling water of the generator stator is not between 50kPa and 300kPa, judging that the generator bar does not leak hydrogen, and continuously checking other potential leakage points.
Preferably, the hydrogen saturation solubility in step S1 is set to 50% of the hydrogen saturation solubility, and the set value is calculated by a formula or a table; the saturated solubility of hydrogen in water is closely related to temperature and pressure, and under the same pressure, the saturated solubility of hydrogen in water decreases along with the increase of temperature; at the same temperature, the saturation solubility of hydrogen in water increases with the pressure; the reason for taking the 50% hydrogen saturation solubility is that the value is far beyond the conventional recommended value of 0.06mg/L (taking 40 ℃ as an example, the 50% hydrogen saturation solubility is 0.69 mg/L).
Preferably, in the step S1, the generator stator cooling water is sampled from a fixed cooling water tank, and the fixed cooling water tank is closed; hydrogen leakage detection is carried out in a fixed cooling water tank, and the pressure in the fixed cooling water tank is normal temperature and normal pressure (the pressure is 101.325kPa, and the temperature is 20-40 ℃); before measuring the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator, the hydrogen accumulated on the upper part of the fixed cooling water tank is emptied to prevent the hydrogen content in the fixed cooling water tank from being influenced in the measuring process.
Preferably, the step S1 is to measure the hydrogen content in the stator cooling water of the generator in the shutdown state of the unit, because the hydrogen pressure and the cold water pressure of the generator during the operation process are adjusted along with the change of the load; if the hydrogen content in the generator stator cooling water is measured in the unit running state in the step S1, the adjusted hydrogen pressure and the fixed cold water pressure meet the current load requirement.
Preferably, in step S2, the hydrogen pressure is decreased by the equal ratio at each time at a value of: 0.5 × (current hydrogen pressure — current generator stator cooling water pressure); the value of the cooling water pressure of the stator of the generator is 50kPa in each equal difference reduction.
Preferably, in step S2, the generator stator cooling water pressure is reduced by closing the outlet door of the generator stator cooling water pump, etc.; the hydrogen pressure is lowered by reducing the hydrogen charging amount or increasing the hydrogen discharging amount.
Preferably, the value of the certain percentage in the step S3.1 and the step S3.2 is 5%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for judging the hydrogen leakage of the generator coil bar does not need to increase equipment, is easy to operate, is used as one of means for judging the hydrogen leakage point, is convenient for auxiliary judgment of the hydrogen leakage fault of the generator, and provides guidance for overhaul, safety and stability of a unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a decision flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the principle of the invention, and these modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Under different pressure and temperature conditions, the solubility of hydrogen in water is different, and can be calculated according to the following formula:
z＝p00+p10*x+p01*y+p20*x2+p11*x*y+p02*y2+p30*x3+p21*x2*y+p12*x*y2+p03*y3
in the above formula, p00 ═ 27.86, p10 ═ 0.1665, p01 ═ 0.2609, p20 ═ -1.042e-05, p11 ═ 0.0008987, p02 ═ 0.0008092, p30 ═ 5.314e-10, p21 ═ 2.224e-08, p12 ═ 1.345e-06, p03 ═ 8.318 e-07; the above formula is obtained by fitting the data in table 1 below, and table 1 illustrates the saturated solubility of hydrogen in water as a function of pressure and temperature;
in the above formula, x is a pressure value in atm, y is an absolute temperature value in K, and z is a hydrogen solubility in Ncm corresponding to the boundary condition3Per gram of water.
Accordingly, the hydrogen solubility under some typical conditions is given in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 solubility of hydrogen in water Table
As described above, the solubility of hydrogen in water is closely related to temperature and pressure. At the same pressure, the saturation solubility of hydrogen in water decreases with increasing temperature; at the same temperature, the saturation solubility of hydrogen in water increases with increasing pressure. The hydrogen leakage detection work of the thermal generator set is mainly carried out in a fixed cold water tank, and the pressure in the fixed cold water tank is normal temperature and normal pressure (the pressure is 101.325kPa, and the temperature is 20-40 ℃). Calculating the value of saturated dissolved hydrogen at a conventional temperature to obtain the solubility data of hydrogen in water under normal pressure in the following table 2; therefore, the formula of the solubility of hydrogen in water at normal temperature and normal pressure is further simplified and is obtained by fitting the data in the following table 2:
y＝0.0000009x3+0.00006x2-0.0166x+1.8613
in the above formula, x is temperature in unit ℃; y is saturated dissolved hydrogen ppm, unit mg/L; the error of the above formula is 2.66%. :
TABLE 2 solubility of hydrogen in water at atmospheric pressure Table
| Temperature, C | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| Saturated dissolved hydrogen ppm, mg/L | 1.85 | 1.83 | 1.81 | 1.79 | 1.78 | 1.76 | 1.75 | 1.73 | 1.72 |
| Temperature, C | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| Saturated dissolved hydrogen ppm, mg/L | 1.7 | 1.69 | 1.68 | 1.66 | 1.64 | 1.63 | 1.61 | 1.60 | 1.59 |
| Temperature, C | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
| Saturated dissolved hydrogen ppm, mg/L | 1.57 | 1.56 | 1.55 | 1.54 | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.50 | 1.48 | 1.47 |
| Temperature, C | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
| Saturated dissolved hydrogen ppm, mg/L | 1.46 | 1.45 | 1.44 | 1.43 | 1.42 | 1.41 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 1.38 |
| Temperature, C | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 |
| Saturated dissolved hydrogen ppm, mg/L | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.33 | 1.32 | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.29 |
Table 2 is used to query the hydrogen saturation solubility at the temperature corresponding to the actual operation process under normal temperature and pressure. According to the flow formula
Obtaining a direct proportion relation between the flow and the evolution of the differential pressure, and indicating that the amount of hydrogen in water can be increased under the condition of increasing the differential pressure; wherein Q is the flow rate of the fluid (including liquid and gas) measured by the orifice plate flowmeter, and the unit is m3H; k is a flow coefficient; s is the cross-sectional area in the vertical flow direction in the pipeline, and the unit m is2(ii) a Δ P is the pressure differential in Pa; rho is density in kg/m3(ii) a Therefore, when the hydrogen gas and the chilled water are in contact with each other and there is a differential pressure, when the differential pressure increases (the hydrogen gas pressure is higher than the pressure of the chilled water), the amount of hydrogen gas leaking into the chilled water increases, including a portion dissolved in the chilled water and a portion carried out of the generator bore by the chilled water.
Based on the relation between the saturation solubility of hydrogen in water and pressure and temperature, the invention provides a test method for judging whether a hydrogen leakage problem exists in a hydrogen-cooled generator bar without adding system equipment. The invention is mainly suitable for the hydrogen-cooled generator in the thermal generator set.
As an embodiment, a power plant No. 4 unit is tested by adopting a method for judging the hydrogen leakage of a generator bar because the hydrogen leakage amount of the unit is large. Before the test is carried out, the hydrogen pressure is 500kPa, the hydrogen temperature is 45 ℃, the pressure of the cold water is 370kPa, the temperature of the cold water is 44 ℃, and the content of the dissolved hydrogen in the cold water is 1.076 mg/L; under the temperature and pressure conditions of the stator cooling water in the present state, the 50% saturation solubility of hydrogen in water was 0.67 mg/L. The values for each isocratic reduction in hydrogen pressure were: and 0.5 x (500-. And (4) performing targeted inspection in the unit C maintenance to find that the lower layer #8 wire rod has water leakage. After maintenance, the hydrogen content of the set cold water of the unit is reduced to 0.044mg/L, and no obvious change is caused when the hydrogen pressure or the set cold water pressure is changed.
Claims (7)
1. A method for judging hydrogen leakage of a generator bar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the stator of the generator aiming at the generator set with the hydrogen leakage exceeding the standard, and comparing and judging whether the measured value of the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the stator of the generator exceeds the hydrogen saturation solubility fixed value under the conditions of the temperature and the pressure of the cooling water of the stator at present;
s2, if the hydrogen content measured value in the stator cooling water of the generator exceeds the hydrogen saturation solubility fixed value under the conditions of the temperature and the pressure of the stator cooling water at present, reducing the hydrogen pressure in an equal ratio; if the measured value of the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the stator of the generator does not exceed the fixed value of the hydrogen saturation solubility under the conditions of the temperature and the pressure of the cooling water of the stator at present, reducing the pressure of the cooling water of the stator of the generator by equal difference;
s3, measuring the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator again;
s3.1, under the condition of reducing the hydrogen pressure in an equal ratio: if the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator is reduced by more than a certain percentage, judging that a generator coil bar has a hydrogen leakage condition; if the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator does not decrease by more than a certain percentage, executing step S4;
s3.2, under the condition that the pressure of the cooling water of the stator of the generator is reduced by equal difference: if the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator rises to exceed a certain percentage, judging that the generator coil bar has a hydrogen leakage problem; if the hydrogen content in the generator stator cooling water does not rise over a certain percentage, executing step S5;
s4, when the difference between the hydrogen and the cooling water pressure of the stator of the generator is larger than or equal to 100kPa, the steps S2 to S3 are repeatedly executed; when the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the cooling water of the stator of the generator is within the range of 50 kPa-100 kPa, judging that the generator coil bar does not leak hydrogen, and continuously checking other potential leakage points;
s5, when the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the cooling water of the stator of the generator is 50 kPa-300 kPa, the steps S2-S3 are repeatedly executed; and when the pressure difference between the hydrogen and the cooling water of the generator stator is not between 50kPa and 300kPa, judging that the generator bar does not leak hydrogen, and continuously checking other potential leakage points.
2. The method for determining hydrogen leakage of a generator bar as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen saturation solubility in step S1 is determined to be 50% hydrogen saturation solubility, and the determined value is calculated by a formula or a table look-up.
3. The method for determining hydrogen leakage of a generator bar as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, water samples are taken from the stator cooling water in the stator cooling water tank, and the stator cooling water tank is closed; detecting hydrogen leakage in a fixed cooling water tank, wherein the inside of the fixed cooling water tank is at normal temperature and normal pressure; before measuring the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator, the hydrogen accumulated on the upper part of the fixed cooling water tank is firstly emptied.
4. The method for determining hydrogen leakage of a generator bar as set forth in claim 1, wherein: step S1 is that the hydrogen content in the cooling water of the generator stator is measured under the shutdown state of the unit; if the hydrogen content in the generator stator cooling water is measured in the unit running state in the step S1, the adjusted hydrogen pressure and the fixed cold water pressure meet the current load requirement.
5. The method for determining hydrogen leakage of a generator bar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen pressure is reduced proportionally in step S2 at each time by the following values: 0.5 × (current hydrogen pressure — current generator stator cooling water pressure); the value of the cooling water pressure of the stator of the generator is 50kPa in each equal difference reduction.
6. The method for determining hydrogen leakage of a generator bar as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the pressure of the generator stator cooling water is reduced by closing the outlet door of the generator stator cooling water pump; the hydrogen pressure is lowered by reducing the hydrogen charging amount or increasing the hydrogen discharging amount.
7. The method for determining hydrogen leakage of a generator bar as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the value of the certain percentage in the step S3.1 and the step S3.2 is 5%.
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| CN114839339A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-02 | 刘忠 | Method and system for monitoring hydrogen leakage amount of generator fixed cold water |
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