CN112097717A - Gap detection system and method based on collision vibration - Google Patents
Gap detection system and method based on collision vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN112097717A CN112097717A CN202010733260.5A CN202010733260A CN112097717A CN 112097717 A CN112097717 A CN 112097717A CN 202010733260 A CN202010733260 A CN 202010733260A CN 112097717 A CN112097717 A CN 112097717A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026676 system process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/16—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring distance of clearance between spaced objects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a clearance detection system and a clearance detection method based on collision vibration, which belong to the field of clearance detection of parts in a mechanical system, and comprise a test bed and the mechanical system, and further comprise a vibration exciter, a sweep frequency signal generator, a speed sensor, a data processing system and a signal processing system, wherein the sweep frequency signal generator is electrically connected with the vibration exciter, the speed sensor, the data processing system and the signal processing system are sequentially and electrically connected, the vibration exciter is fixedly arranged on the test bed, and comprises a vibration exciter main body and a vibration exciter ejector rod; the vibration exciter ejector rod is connected with one side of the mechanical system gap, and the speed sensor is connected with the other side of the mechanical system gap. Based on the collision vibration theory, the invention can realize the omnibearing detection of the mechanical system by adopting the vibration exciter, the sweep frequency signal generator, the speed sensor, the data processing system and the signal processing system, thereby judging whether the mechanical system has a gap.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of detection of part gaps in mechanical systems, and particularly relates to a collision vibration-based gap detection system and method.
Background
Because factors such as design, manufacturing or assembly error influence, there can be the clearance between each spare part in the mechanical system, mechanical system in addition after long-term operation, because factors such as vibration, difference in temperature or spare part fatigue also can produce the clearance between each spare part of mechanical system, and the clearance can cause adverse effect in mechanical system's operation, makes mechanical system produce harmful vibration, increases the running noise, reduces mechanical operating efficiency, reduces mechanical system life-span etc..
The traditional gap detection method mainly adopts manual measurement, and adopts a probe method, a caliper method, a capacitance method, an eddy current method or laser and the like, and the measurement method has the following defects: firstly, the traditional method mainly detects a certain point and cannot realize the omnibearing detection of a mechanical system; and secondly, the detection cannot be carried out in the operation process of the mechanical system.
With the continuous perfection of collision vibration theory and the gradual application in the detection field, the method for detecting the gap by applying the vibration is more and more emphasized by people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides a gap detection system and method based on collision vibration, which can detect whether the speed of the non-excited end of the gap possibly existing in a mechanical system has multiple cycles or no cycles different from the excitation cycle by applying excitation to one side of the mechanical system possibly having the gap, thereby judging whether the mechanical system has the gap.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a clearance detection system based on collision vibration comprises a test bed and a mechanical system, and further comprises a vibration exciter, a frequency sweeping signal generator, a speed sensor, a data processing system and a signal processing system, wherein the frequency sweeping signal generator is electrically connected with the vibration exciter, the speed sensor, the data processing system and the signal processing system are sequentially and electrically connected, the vibration exciter is fixedly arranged on the test bed, and comprises a vibration exciter main body and a vibration exciter ejector rod; the vibration exciter ejector rod is connected with one side of the mechanical system gap, and the speed sensor is connected with the other side of the mechanical system gap.
Based on the collision vibration theory, when the mechanical system generates a gap due to loosening of threads, the mass blocks at two ends of the gap can generate collision vibration by applying periodic excitation to the mass block at one side of the gap, so that the speed of the excitation end which is not applied in the gap is inconsistent with the speed of the mass block which is applied with the excitation end, and the collision vibration in the mechanical system can generate a bifurcation phenomenon along with the increase of the excitation frequency, so that the speed of the excitation end which is not applied in the gap is multi-periodic or non-periodic, and whether the gap exists in the mechanical system can be detected.
Preferably, the mechanical system (1) is a mechanical system comprising a gap. For example, two wooden boards connected and secured by a stud (101).
The detection method of the gap detection system based on the collision vibration comprises the following steps:
1) the frequency sweeping signal generator transmits a frequency sweeping signal of the excitation frequency to the vibration exciter, and the vibration exciter outputs excitation;
2) the speed sensor on the other side of the mechanical system gap transmits speed data to the data processing system;
3) analyzing the acquired speed change condition;
4) it is determined whether a gap exists.
Preferably, in the step 1) of excitation output by the vibration exciter, the sweep frequency signal generator transmits a sweep frequency signal in a certain frequency range to the vibration exciter, and the vibration exciter enables the vibration exciter ejector rod to output simple harmonic excitation with corresponding frequency according to the excitation frequency given by the sweep frequency signal.
Preferably, the frequency range is 0-300 Hz.
Preferably, in the speed data processing of the other side of the mechanical system gap in the step 2), the speed sensor transmits the detected data to the data processing system, the data processing system records the data, and the signal processing system processes the data.
Preferably, in the step 3) of analyzing the collected speed variation, the signal processing system displays the variation of the speed on the other side of the mechanical system gap connected with the speed sensor along with the time in the frequency range given by the frequency sweep signal.
Preferably, in step 4), whether a gap exists is determined, and according to the detection result, if the time-varying condition of the speed is always a single cycle under the excitation frequency, it can be determined that the gap does not exist in the mechanical system; if the change of speed along with time is multicycle or no cycle under certain frequency, the possibility of existence of a gap can be preliminarily judged; if the speed variation condition with time exists in a plurality of cycles under certain excitation frequencies, the sweep frequency signal generator is set to transmit signals of the excitation frequencies to the vibration exciter for testing again, and if the speed variation condition with time still exists in a plurality of cycles, the mechanical system is judged to have a gap.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the prior art (a probe method, a caliper method, a capacitance method, an eddy current method or laser), the invention can realize the omnibearing detection of a mechanical system (including a mechanical system which is in motion or excited by the vibration exciter) by adopting the vibration exciter, the sweep frequency signal generator, the speed sensor, the data processing system and the signal processing system, and judges whether the mechanical system has a gap.
(2) The invention is based on the collision vibration theory, applies excitation to a mechanical system, generates collision vibration due to the existence of a gap in the system, realizes the detection of the gap of the mechanical system by detecting whether the collision vibration occurs, provides a gap detection system and a method of the mechanical system, and improves the detection precision and efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
labeled as: 1-mechanical system, 101-double-end isolation stud, 102-mechanical system gap side, 103-mechanical system gap side, 2-test bench, 3-sweep frequency signal generator, 4-vibration exciter, 401-vibration exciter body, 402-vibration exciter ejector rod, 5-signal processing system, 6-data processing system and 7-speed sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in order to realize omnibearing detection of a mechanical system 1 and determine that a gap exists in the mechanical system 1, the gap detection system based on collision vibration comprises a test bed 2 and the mechanical system 1, and further comprises a vibration exciter 4, a sweep frequency signal generator 3, a speed sensor 7, a data processing system and a signal processing system 5, wherein the sweep frequency signal generator 3 is electrically connected with the vibration exciter 4, the speed sensor 7 and the data processing system are sequentially electrically connected with the signal processing system 5, the vibration exciter 4 is fixedly arranged on the test bed 2, and the vibration exciter 4 comprises a vibration exciter 4 main body and a vibration exciter ejector rod (402); the vibration exciter ejector rod (402) is connected with one side (102) of the mechanical system gap, and the speed sensor 7 is connected with the other side (103) of the mechanical system gap.
The mechanical system 1 is two wooden boards connected and fixed by a double-end isolation stud 101. The two wood boards comprise a bottom wood board and a top wood board, a place where a stud is contacted with the wood board may exist in a gap of the mechanical system 1, the center of the bottom wood board of the mechanical system 1 is placed at the top of a mandril of the vibration exciter 4 and is fixedly connected, and the top wood board of the mechanical system 1 is fixedly connected with the speed sensor 7.
The data processing system comprises a plurality of signal acquisition modules, the signal acquisition modules are connected with the signal processing system 5, the signal processing system 5 comprises signal processing modules, and the signal processing modules process data obtained by the data processing system and display detection results of the sensors.
Example 2
A method for detecting a thread loosening gap of a mechanical system based on collision vibration comprises the following specific detection steps:
1) starting the frequency sweep signal generator 3, and transmitting a frequency sweep signal with the excitation frequency of 0-300 Hz to the vibration exciter 4 by the frequency sweep signal generator 3; starting the vibration exciter 4, and enabling the ejector rod to output simple harmonic excitation with corresponding frequency by the vibration exciter 4 according to the excitation frequency given by the sweep frequency signal;
2) the sensors connected with the top board transmit the detected speed data to the data processing system, and the data processing system records the data;
3) the signal processing system 5 processes the data in the data processing system and displays the condition that the speed of the detected top wood board changes along with time under various frequencies given by the sweep frequency signal;
4) if the change of the speed of the top wood board along with the time is always a single cycle under any excitation frequency, it can be judged that no gap exists in the mechanical system 1, and if the change of the speed of the top wood board along with the time is a multi-cycle or no cycle under some excitation frequencies, it can be judged that a gap exists preliminarily; if the speed variation with time exists in a plurality of cycles under certain excitation frequencies, the sweep frequency signal generator 3 is set to transmit signals of the excitation frequencies to the vibration exciter 4, the test is carried out again, and if the speed variation with time still exists in a plurality of cycles, the mechanical system 1 is judged to have a gap. The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A clearance detection system based on collision vibration comprises a test bed (2) and a mechanical system (1), and is characterized by further comprising a vibration exciter (4), a sweep frequency signal generator (3), a speed sensor (7), a data processing system (6) and a signal processing system (5), wherein the sweep frequency signal generator (3) is electrically connected with the vibration exciter (4), the speed sensor (7) and the data processing system (6) are sequentially and electrically connected with the signal processing system (5), the vibration exciter (4) is fixedly arranged on the test bed (2), and the vibration exciter (4) comprises a vibration exciter (4) main body and a vibration exciter (4) ejector rod; the vibration exciter ejector rod (402) is connected with one side (102) of the mechanical system gap, and the speed sensor (7) is connected with the other side (103) of the mechanical system gap.
2. A collision vibration based gap detection system according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical system (1) is a mechanical system containing a gap.
3. The detection method of the gap detection system based on the collision vibration is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) the sweep frequency signal generator (3) transmits a sweep frequency signal of the excitation frequency to the vibration exciter (4), and the vibration exciter (4) outputs excitation;
2) the speed sensor (7) on the other side (103) of the mechanical system gap transmits speed data to the data processing system (6);
3) analyzing the acquired speed change condition;
4) it is determined whether a gap exists.
4. The method for detecting the gap detecting system based on the impact vibration according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1) of exciting the output of the exciter (4), the sweep frequency signal generator (3) transmits a sweep frequency signal with a certain frequency range to the exciter (4), and the exciter (4) enables the exciter ejector rod (402) to output simple harmonic excitation with corresponding frequency according to the excitation frequency given by the sweep frequency signal.
5. The detection method of a gap detection system based on collision vibration as claimed in claim 4, wherein the frequency range is 0-300 Hz.
6. The detecting method of the gap detecting system based on the collision vibration according to claim 3, characterized in that in the step 2) speed data processing of the other side (103) of the gap of the mechanical system, the speed sensor (7) transmits the detected data to the data processing system (6), the data processing system (6) records the data, and the signal processing system (5) processes the data.
7. The detection method of the gap detection system based on the impact vibration according to the claim 3, characterized in that in the step 3) analyzing the collected speed variation, the signal processing system (5) displays the variation of the speed of the other side (103) of the gap of the mechanical system connected with the speed sensor (7) with time under the frequency range given by the sweep frequency signal.
8. The detecting method of a collision vibration-based gap detecting system according to claim 3, wherein it is determined whether there is a gap in step 4), and according to the detection result, if the time-varying condition of the speed is always a single cycle at the excitation frequency, it is determined that there is no gap in the mechanical system (1); if the change of speed along with time is multicycle or no cycle under certain frequency, the possibility of existence of a gap can be preliminarily judged; if the speed variation condition with time exists in a plurality of cycles under certain excitation frequencies, the sweep frequency signal generator (3) is set to transmit signals of the excitation frequencies to the vibration exciter (4), the test is carried out again, and if the speed variation condition with time still exists in a plurality of cycles, the mechanical system (1) is judged to have a gap.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010733260.5A CN112097717B (en) | 2020-07-27 | 2020-07-27 | Gap detection system and method based on collision vibration |
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| CN202010733260.5A CN112097717B (en) | 2020-07-27 | 2020-07-27 | Gap detection system and method based on collision vibration |
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| CN112097717A true CN112097717A (en) | 2020-12-18 |
| CN112097717B CN112097717B (en) | 2022-07-12 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113109437A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-13 | 沈阳化工大学 | Pultrusion multi-cavity plate composite material nondestructive testing device |
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-
2020
- 2020-07-27 CN CN202010733260.5A patent/CN112097717B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU9340201A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 2002-01-17 | Horton Inc. | Integrated fan assembly with variable pitch blades |
| CN101561342A (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2009-10-21 | 北京工业大学 | System and method for measuring time-sharing quick steady-state sine sweep excitation frequency response function |
| US20120200064A1 (en) * | 2011-02-08 | 2012-08-09 | Jost-Werke Gmbh | System for automatic adjustment of the gap between a tractor vehicle and an attached trailer |
| EP2777861A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | Laser Mechanisms, Inc. | Fast response capacitive gauging system featuring steep slope filter discrimination circuit |
| US20160076609A1 (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-03-17 | Meritor Heavy Vehicle Braking Systems (Uk) Limited | Method and system for setting a braking component running clearance |
| CN104407049A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-11 | 湖南工程学院 | Micro-crack nondestructive detection system and detection method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113109437A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-13 | 沈阳化工大学 | Pultrusion multi-cavity plate composite material nondestructive testing device |
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