CN112095795A - Self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with column boots - Google Patents
Self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with column boots Download PDFInfo
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- CN112095795A CN112095795A CN202010955267.1A CN202010955267A CN112095795A CN 112095795 A CN112095795 A CN 112095795A CN 202010955267 A CN202010955267 A CN 202010955267A CN 112095795 A CN112095795 A CN 112095795A
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- column
- shoe
- wood
- glued wood
- self
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
- E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
- E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B2001/2652—Details of nailing, screwing, or bolting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
- E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B2001/268—Connection to foundations
- E04B2001/2684—Connection to foundations with metal connectors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with column shoes, which comprises glued wood columns which are symmetrically arranged, wherein a glued wood beam is arranged on the upper side between the glued wood columns, the bottom of each glued wood column is provided with a column shoe connected with a foundation, and the glued wood columns are connected with the glued wood beam through steel hinge joints. According to the invention, through loosening the constraint of the laminated wood column and the foundation and the constraint of the beam and the column, the structure swings under the action of an earthquake to dissipate earthquake energy, and under the action of a constraint moment formed by the initial pre-pressure of the disc spring on the column shoe, the post-earthquake self-resetting of the laminated wood frame is realized, and the residual deformation of the structure is reduced. The invention has simple construction and strong energy consumption capability and self-resetting performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anti-seismic structures, in particular to a self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with column shoes.
Background
The laminated wood structure has the characteristics of resource regeneration, energy conservation, environmental protection, light weight, attractive appearance and the like, and has high assembly degree and good anti-seismic performance. However, the traditional glued wood structure mostly adopts a node form of steel filling plate bolt connection, and the node form mainly utilizes the bending resistance of the bolt and the local bearing of the wood at the bolt to provide the bearing capacity. The node form mainly has the following problems:
1. due to construction deviation, a gap exists between the wall of the bolt hole on the wood column and the bolt, and the gap causes the wood beam to slide after being stressed, so that the initial rigidity of the node is lower.
2. Due to the low tensile strength of the wood cross grain, when the screw hole pin slot bears pressure, brittle failures such as cross grain splitting of the laminated wood often occur, and the bearing capacity of the laminated wood structure is reduced.
3. The bearing capacity is provided through the modes of bolt yielding, pressed yielding of wood at bolt holes and the like, and after an earthquake, large residual deformation exists, so that the earthquake resistance is reduced.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, there is a high necessity for a self-resetting laminated wood frame structure having a strong energy consumption capability, a small residual deformation, and a certain self-resetting function.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with a column shoe, so that the glued wood frame structure has stronger energy consumption capacity, smaller residual deformation and certain self-resetting function.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with the column shoes comprises two symmetrically arranged glued wood columns 1 and a glued wood beam 2 connected between the upper sides of the two glued wood columns 1, the column shoes 3 connected with a foundation 16 are arranged at the bottoms of the glued wood columns 1, and the glued wood columns 1 are connected with the glued wood beam 2 through steel hinge joints.
The foundation 16 and the column shoe 3 are fixedly connected through a column base high-strength bolt 9, the disc spring 10 is fixed on the upper surface of the column shoe 3 through the column base high-strength bolt 9, and the column base high-strength bolt 9 sequentially penetrates through the foundation 16, the column shoe 3 and the disc spring 10.
The left side and the right side of the joint of the foundation 16 and the laminated wood column 1 are provided with column shoes 3 and steel backing plates 14, the front side and the rear side are provided with column shoes 3, and the column shoes 3 and the laminated wood column 1 penetrate through self-tapping screws 15.
The steel backing plate 14 is slightly higher than the column shoe 3.
The column shoe 3 comprises a bottom plate 18, a square steel tube 17 is arranged on the bottom plate 18, stiffening ribs 19 are arranged between the left side and the right side of the square steel tube 17 and the bottom plate 18, and the glued wood column 1 is located inside the square steel tube.
An oblong hole is reserved at the bottom plate 18 so as to facilitate the lifting of the column shoe 3.
The steel hinge joint comprises a column end connecting plate 7 and a beam end connecting plate 8 which are mutually hinged, the column end connecting plate 7 is arranged on the laminated wood column 1, the beam end connecting plate 8 is arranged on the laminated wood beam 2, the column end connecting plate 7 and the beam end connecting plate 8 are fixedly connected together through a steel hinge joint connecting bolt 13, a beam end embedded steel plate 6 is arranged on the inner side of the laminated wood beam 2, the beam end embedded steel plate 6 is perpendicular to the beam end connecting plate 8, the beam end connecting plate 8 and the beam end embedded steel plate 6 are welded into a whole, and the beam end connecting plate is connected with the laminated wood beam 2 through a beam end high-strength bolt 11; the glued wood column 1 and the column end connecting plate 7 are fixedly connected through a column end high-strength bolt 12.
The column end connecting plate 7 of the steel hinge joint is fixedly connected with the laminated wood column 1 through a column end high-strength bolt 12, the beam end connecting plate 8 is connected with the embedded steel plate 6 of the laminated wood beam 2 through welding, and the beam end connecting plate 8 is fixedly connected with the laminated wood beam 2 through a beam end high-strength bolt 11.
There is certain chamfer in order to avoid 3 inner bottom fillet welds of column shoe in 1 column foot department of glued wood post, there is certain chamfer in order to make things convenient for embedded steel sheet 6's installation in the embedded steel sheet 6 outside of 2 beam-ends of glued wood roof beam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. after the column shoe is added into the column base of the glued wood column, the stress area of the column base is increased, and the stress of the column base of the glued wood column can be effectively reduced to protect the column base node; in addition, under horizontal force, the enlarged column base can resist side load by providing restoring force, thereby enhancing the earthquake-resistant performance of the laminated wood column.
2. The column shoe is arranged on the top surface of the foundation in a floating mode, hinged nodes are adopted at the glued wood beam and the column nodes, internal constraint of the structure is further released, when the glued wood frame is acted by horizontal force, due to the long circular holes reserved in the column shoe bottom plate, the glued wood column can be lifted together with the column shoe to generate swing energy dissipation, and self-resetting is achieved through constraint torque of the disc spring.
3. Due to weak constraint in the laminated wood frame structure, the stress at the joint position is small, and the residual deformation at the joint can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-resetting swinging laminated wood frame with a column shoe in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the area a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the region B in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a boot in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: the steel-reinforced composite column is characterized in that 1 is a laminated wood column, 2 is a laminated wood beam, 3 is a column shoe, 4 is a first connecting plate of a steel hinge node, 5 is a second connecting plate of the steel hinge node, 6 is a beam-end embedded steel plate, 7 is a column-end connecting plate, 8 is a beam-end connecting plate, 9 is a column-foot high-strength bolt, 10 is a disc spring, 11 is a beam-end high-strength bolt, 12 is a column-end high-strength bolt, 13 is a steel hinge node connecting bolt, 14 is a steel backing plate, 15 is a self-tapping screw, 16 is a foundation, 17 is a square steel pipe, 18 is a bottom plate, and 19 is a.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1: the invention provides a self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with column shoes, which comprises glued wood columns 1, glued wood beams 2, column base nodes and beam column steel hinged nodes, wherein one ends of the column base nodes are connected with a foundation 16, the other ends of the column base nodes are connected with the glued wood columns 1 of the glued wood frame, and the other ends of the glued wood columns 1 are connected with the glued wood beams 2 of the glued wood frame through the beam column steel hinged nodes.
The column base joint comprises a column shoe 3, a column base high-strength bolt 9 for connecting a foundation 16 and the column shoe 3, a belleville spring 10, a steel backing plate 14 and a self-tapping screw 15, wherein the column shoe 3 comprises a square steel tube 17, a bottom plate 18 and a plurality of stiffening ribs 19, and the square steel tube 17, the bottom plate 18 and the stiffening ribs 19 are fixedly connected together through welding. A plurality of long circular holes are formed in proper positions of a bottom plate 18 of the column shoe 3, so that local extrusion of the column shoe 3 and the column base high-strength bolt 9 is weakened, and lifting and swinging of the structure are facilitated. A plurality of round holes are reserved at proper positions on the front side and the rear side of the square steel pipe 17 of the column shoe 3 respectively, and self-tapping screws 15 sequentially penetrate through the column shoe 3 and the glued wood column 1 to realize fastening connection.
As shown in fig. 2: the column shoe 3 is arranged on the upper surface of the foundation 16 in a floating mode, the column base high-strength bolt 9 sequentially penetrates through the foundation 16, the column shoe 3 and the disc springs 10, and then pretightening force is applied to achieve connection.
The left side and the right side of the laminated wood column 1 are respectively provided with a steel backing plate 14, the steel backing plates and the steel backing plates are jointly inserted into a square steel pipe 17 of the column shoe 3, and fastening connection is realized through self-tapping screws 15.
As shown in fig. 3: the beam-column steel hinge joint comprises a first connecting plate 4, a second connecting plate 5, a beam-end embedded steel plate 6, a column-end connecting plate 7, a beam-end connecting plate 8, a beam-end high-strength bolt 11, a column-end high-strength bolt 12 and a steel hinge joint connecting bolt 13. The first connecting plate 4 and the column end connecting plate 7 are welded into a whole and are connected with the glued wood column 1 through the column end high-strength bolt 12; the second connecting plate 5, the beam end connecting plate 8 and the beam end embedded steel plate 6 are welded into a whole and are connected with the glued wood beam 2 through the beam end high-strength bolt 11; and the steel hinge joint connecting bolt 13 is inserted into the reserved hole of the first connecting plate 4 and the second connecting plate 5 to be connected.
The glued wood column 1 and the glued wood beam 2 are provided with holes or grooves at the proper positions for connecting with other components. The disc springs 10 are arranged between the column shoe 3 and the column base high-strength bolt 9, vertical deformation is generated on the disc springs 10 through pre-pressure applied to the column base high-strength bolt 9 in advance, restraining torque is provided for the column shoe 3, rotation rigidity of a column base node is improved, and the glued wood frame structure can realize self-resetting after an earthquake.
There is certain chamfer in order to avoid 3 inner bottom fillet welds of column shoe in 1 column foot department of glued wood post, and there is certain chamfer in order to make things convenient for embedded steel sheet 6's installation in the embedded steel sheet 6 outside of 2 beam-ends of glued wood roof beam.
The steel backing plate 14 is slightly higher than the column shoe 3 to avoid local crushing damage at the contact part of the laminated wood column 1 and the square steel tube 17 of the column shoe 3.
As shown in fig. 4: the column shoe 3 comprises a bottom plate 18, a square steel tube 17 is arranged on the bottom plate 18, stiffening ribs 19 are arranged between the left side and the right side of the square steel tube 17 and the bottom plate 18, and the glued wood column 1 is located inside the square steel tube.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the column shoe 3 is sleeved at the column base of the glued wood column 1, the stress area of the glued wood column 1 is obviously increased by the column shoe 3, the stress mode of bearing pressure by the pin groove cross striation of the column base node of the traditional wood structure is improved, and in addition, under the combined action of horizontal and vertical forces of the glued wood column 1, the column shoe 3 can provide extra restoring force to improve the bearing capacity of the glued wood column 1.
The column shoe 3 is arranged on the top surface of the foundation 16 in a floating mode, hinged nodes are adopted at the nodes of the glued wood beam 2 and the column 1, internal constraint of the structure is further released, when the glued wood frame is subjected to horizontal force, due to the long circular hole reserved in the bottom plate 18 of the column shoe 3, the glued wood column 1 can be lifted together with the column shoe 3 to generate swing dissipation energy, and the disc spring 10 can provide constraint torque to achieve self-resetting through pretightening force exerted on the high-strength bolt 9 at the column foot. Therefore, the invention has simple construction and strong energy consumption capability and self-resetting performance.
The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (9)
1. The self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with the column shoes is characterized by comprising two symmetrically arranged glued wood columns (1) and a glued wood beam (2) connected between the upper sides of the two glued wood columns (1), the bottom of each glued wood column (1) is provided with a column shoe (3) connected with a foundation (16), and the glued wood columns (1) are connected with the glued wood beam (2) through steel hinge joints.
2. The self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with the column shoe is characterized in that the foundation (16) is fixedly connected with the column shoe (3) through a column shoe high-strength bolt (9), the column shoe high-strength bolt (9) fixes the disc spring (10) on the upper surface of the column shoe (3), and the column shoe high-strength bolt (9) penetrates through the foundation (16), the column shoe (3) and the disc spring (10) in sequence.
3. The self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with the column shoe according to the claim 1 is characterized in that the column shoe (3) and the steel backing plate (14) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the joint of the foundation (16) and the glued wood column (1), the column shoe (3) is arranged on the front side and the rear side, and the tapping screw (15) penetrates through the column shoe (3) and the glued wood column (1).
4. The self-restoring rocking glued wood frame with column shoe according to claim 3, characterised in that said steel shim plate (14) is slightly higher than the column shoe (3).
5. The self-resetting swinging laminated wood frame with the column shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the column shoe (3) comprises a bottom plate (18), a square steel tube (17) in a square frame shape is arranged on the bottom plate (18), stiffening ribs (19) are arranged between the left side and the right side of the square steel tube (17) and the bottom plate (18), and the laminated wood column (1) is positioned in the square frame shape.
6. The self-restoring rocking glued wood frame with a bootie according to claim 5, characterised in that an oblong hole is reserved at the bottom plate (18) for the lifting of the bootie (3).
7. The self-resetting swinging laminated wood frame with the column shoe is characterized in that the steel hinge joint comprises a column end connecting plate (7) and a beam end connecting plate (8) which are hinged with each other, the column end connecting plate (7) is arranged on the laminated wood column (1), the beam end connecting plate (8) is arranged on the laminated wood beam (2), the column end connecting plate (7) and the beam end connecting plate (8) are fixedly connected together through a steel hinge joint connecting bolt (13), a beam end embedded steel plate (6) is arranged on the inner side of the laminated wood beam (2), the beam end embedded steel plate (6) is perpendicular to the beam end connecting plate (8), the beam end connecting plate (8) and the beam end embedded steel plate (6) are welded into a whole, and the beam end embedded steel plate is connected with the laminated wood beam (2) through a beam end high-strength bolt (11); the glued wood column (1) and the column end connecting plate (7) are fixedly connected through a column end high-strength bolt (12).
8. The self-resetting swinging laminated wood frame with the column shoe as claimed in claim 7, wherein the column end connecting plate (7) of the steel hinge joint is fixedly connected with the laminated wood column (1) through a column end high-strength bolt (12), the beam end connecting plate (8) is fixedly connected with the embedded steel plate (6) of the laminated wood beam (2) through welding, and the beam end connecting plate (8) is fixedly connected with the laminated wood beam (2) through a beam end high-strength bolt (11).
9. The self-resetting swinging laminated wood frame with the column shoe as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that a certain chamfer exists at the column base of the laminated wood column (1) to avoid the fillet weld at the inner bottom of the column shoe (3), and a certain chamfer exists at the outer side of the embedded steel plate (6) at the beam end of the laminated wood beam (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010955267.1A CN112095795A (en) | 2020-09-11 | 2020-09-11 | Self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with column boots |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010955267.1A CN112095795A (en) | 2020-09-11 | 2020-09-11 | Self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with column boots |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112095795A true CN112095795A (en) | 2020-12-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010955267.1A Pending CN112095795A (en) | 2020-09-11 | 2020-09-11 | Self-resetting swinging glued wood frame with column boots |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN112095795A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112726816A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 海南大学 | Prefabricated assembled sways from restoring to throne concrete frame structure |
| CN114908900A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-16 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Swing laminated wood frame-rammed earth wall mixed wall and construction process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001164584A (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-19 | Yoshihiro Okuyama | Seismic isolation equipment for lightweight building or mechanical facility |
| CN106013444A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-10-12 | 南京工业大学 | Assembled timber structure X-shaped beam column power consumption node |
| CN205677084U (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | A kind of steel bushing cartridge type pin pin component |
| CN107339003A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-10 | 陈云 | A kind of Self-resetting suspension column |
| CN108060719A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-22 | 南京林业大学 | More, high-rise wood/bamboo frame structure core column type node |
| CN108708460A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-10-26 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of beam-column hinged device of wood frame construction |
| CN209891400U (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏森之虎建筑工程有限公司 | Glued wood beam column connecting piece |
-
2020
- 2020-09-11 CN CN202010955267.1A patent/CN112095795A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001164584A (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-19 | Yoshihiro Okuyama | Seismic isolation equipment for lightweight building or mechanical facility |
| CN205677084U (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | A kind of steel bushing cartridge type pin pin component |
| CN106013444A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-10-12 | 南京工业大学 | Assembled timber structure X-shaped beam column power consumption node |
| CN107339003A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-10 | 陈云 | A kind of Self-resetting suspension column |
| CN108060719A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-22 | 南京林业大学 | More, high-rise wood/bamboo frame structure core column type node |
| CN108708460A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-10-26 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of beam-column hinged device of wood frame construction |
| CN209891400U (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏森之虎建筑工程有限公司 | Glued wood beam column connecting piece |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112726816A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 海南大学 | Prefabricated assembled sways from restoring to throne concrete frame structure |
| CN112726816B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-04-26 | 海南大学 | Prefabricated assembled sways from restoring to throne concrete frame structure |
| CN114908900A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-16 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Swing laminated wood frame-rammed earth wall mixed wall and construction process |
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