CN112095555B - Engineering technical method for realizing siphon - Google Patents
Engineering technical method for realizing siphon Download PDFInfo
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- CN112095555B CN112095555B CN202010943963.0A CN202010943963A CN112095555B CN 112095555 B CN112095555 B CN 112095555B CN 202010943963 A CN202010943963 A CN 202010943963A CN 112095555 B CN112095555 B CN 112095555B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
- E03F1/006—Pneumatic sewage disposal systems; accessories specially adapted therefore
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/20—Siphon pipes or inverted siphons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F10/00—Siphons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/02—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid
- F04F5/04—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an engineering technical method for realizing siphoning, belongs to the technical field of siphoning engineering systems in water conservancy technology, and aims to establish an economical flood control and flood discharge engineering design, a side slope drainage design, a building drainage design, a water resource utilization design and a liquid energy recycling design in industry. A siphon degasser, a siphon mixer and a set of siphon vacuum pump system are arranged on the siphon pipeline to economically realize the siphon process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of siphon engineering design in water conservancy technology, and particularly relates to an engineering technical method for realizing siphon.
Background
In the existing flood control and discharge modes of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the like, most flood discharge modes such as flood discharge holes, flood spillways (dams) or flood discharge gates and the like are adopted, and the technology for flood control is only completed by building or strengthening a flood control embankment. However, no matter what flood control and discharge method, the construction amount and cost are very large. And limited by the amount of work and the difficulty of construction, the flood discharge is designed almost in a certain area, however, a great disadvantage of this method is that when the flood discharge is performed in a certain area by the existing flood discharge, the huge amount of water and the energy generated by water pressure are extremely destructive to the downstream, so it is of great significance to reduce the destructive through technical innovation and application and to establish an economical flood protection and flood discharge engineering design to avoid property loss and ecological damage caused by the destructive.
The siphon pipes are arranged on the dikes according to local conditions to connect a plurality of river channels, and when the flood season comes, partial flood can be introduced into the river channels through the siphon pipes to discharge the flood, so that the pressure of main flood control and flood discharge facilities is reduced, and the safety and the reliability of the main water conservancy facilities are greatly enhanced. The use of positive siphon engineering to establish flood protection and discharge mechanisms would be a beneficial addition and redundant design to existing primary flood protection and discharge devices.
It should be understood that the positive siphon in the physical phenomena has important technical value in flood control and discharge, slope drainage and water resource utilization, and the combined design of the axial flow water pump and the positive siphon in the hydraulic engineering utilizing the water pump to deliver water brings huge energy-saving benefits. Meanwhile, the positive siphon technology can also be used for establishing a very economical gravity flow power station so as to fully utilize water resources.
In the prior art system, siphons are mostly designed in an inverted siphon mode, the technical characteristics of the inverted siphon mode determine that a conveying channel needs to be constructed through an underground culvert, the huge engineering construction amount and the anhydrous condition before engineering construction are needed are determined, especially when a dam is designed for flood discharge and discharge engineering, the inverted siphon engineering construction amount is very large, and more difficulties are increased when the design and construction are carried out under the existing hydrological conditions. This has put a number of limitations on siphon applications and to improve the disadvantages of inverted siphon engineering applications, practitioners in the relevant arts have made numerous improvements in siphon design, most typically by positive siphon design engineering to avoid the disadvantages of inverted siphon engineering:
1. in an authorized patent with publication number CN1075581C, a diving device is designed, a floor drain type one-way check valve is installed in the device to eliminate vortex and prevent water from flowing back, and then a vacuum tank and a vacuum pump are used to lift water to a discharge height and then siphon is formed by water level difference.
But the disadvantages are: under the action of the vacuum pump, the gas dissolved in the water can be released, so that the vacuum pump must always keep in an operating state, and in the actual implementation process of the patent, the bottom of the dam is opened and a pipeline is installed for direct drainage to form a Venturi effect so as to continuously absorb and drain water, but the siphon value is lost.
2. In the published patent application No. CN101949394A, after water is lifted to the discharge side by a vacuum pump in the start-up stage, air released in the water is pumped out by the vacuum pump to establish siphon.
But the disadvantages are: the siphon device does not take the problem of vortex into account and the vacuum pump must be turned on all the time to maintain the siphon process.
3. In the granted patent publication No. CN201713925U, the siphon tube is maintained by providing U-shaped channels at the water intake and discharge ports and installing valves, and the siphon tube is replenished with water by an automatic water replenishing device.
But the disadvantages are: the flow cutoff caused by the release of air dissolved in water in the siphoning process is not considered, the release of air in water cannot be prevented by the supplemented water, and the valves on two sides need to be well sealed to fill the water pipe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses an engineering technical method for realizing siphon aiming at the problems in the prior art, which is used for solving the following problems:
the system is used for realizing water resource utilization and flood control and flood discharge hydraulic engineering supplement through positive siphon design economy. Meanwhile, a more economical and reliable drainage mode is provided for building drainage, side slope drainage and the like under the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a siphon vacuum pump system is composed of a siphon tube, a siphon degasser, a siphon mixer and a siphon vacuum pump system, and features that the reducing tube for speed reduction is arranged at the inlet of liquid level lifting segment, an eddy-proof grid is arranged in the inlet, a liquid storage pool is arranged at the outlet, a reverse V-shaped sealing plate is arranged at the outlet of liquid storage pool and must be in liquid, the siphon degasser is arranged at the start of gravitational potential energy action when liquid is discharged, an eddy-proof grid is arranged at the start, a three-way pipeline is arranged at the outlet of siphon degasser and connected to the inlet of siphon mixer, and a valve for disconnecting the siphon degasser from the siphon mixer is arranged on the connecting pipeline. The siphon mixer is arranged below the liquid level of the suction inlet. The siphon vacuum pump system is connected to the air outlet of the siphon degasser, liquid at the suction end is lifted to the height of the discharge side, then the liquid flows into the discharge pipe, and the liquid level is kept under the action of the inverted V sealing plate and the siphon vacuum pump system until the gas and liquid saturated steam mixed gas released in the liquid are completely pumped out, and when the siphon vacuum pump system starts to suck the liquid from the gap of the siphon degasser, siphoning is formed. The siphon vacuum pump system is controlled by a liquid level control element mounted on the siphon degasser or elsewhere or a pressure element mounted below the siphon mixer.
The siphon degasser is provided with a first liquid inlet, a first liquid outlet and a siphon degasser gas outlet, a gap which does not exceed the diameter span exists between the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet in the direction close to the first liquid outlet, a siphon degasser cavity integrated with the degasser is formed by covering the gap with the same material as the degasser, the gas outlet is communicated with the siphon degasser cavity, and gas, liquid saturated steam and entrained liquid released from the liquid are pumped out through the gap and are pumped out from the gas outlet of the siphon degasser through the siphon degasser cavity.
Siphon mixer, siphon mixer is last to have a second inlet, a second liquid outlet, a mixed flow section pipeline, the third liquid outlet of a mixed flow section, an air inlet, a siphon mixer cavity structure of connecting air inlet and mixed flow section respectively, second liquid outlet diameter is less than the second inlet, leave the horn mouth structure section of flaring between second liquid outlet and the mixed flow section pipeline, the mixed flow section is connected to a siphon mixer cavity through this horn mouth structure section, siphon mixer cavity and air inlet intercommunication to inhale the gas mixture and the liquid that entrains of the gas and the liquid saturated steam that release in the liquid and liquid from the degasser through the air inlet.
The siphon vacuum pump system comprises a vacuum pump, an integrated centrifugal pump and a finned heat exchanger with a fan, wherein the vacuum pump is connected with a three-way pipeline arranged on a siphon degasser through a one-way check valve. After the siphon vacuum pump system is started, mixed gas is pumped out from the siphon degasser through the vacuum pump until the liquid level control element or the pressure element signals are fed back to the simple control device on the siphon vacuum system, and then the vacuum pump automatically stops running.
According to the liquid level difference at two sides designed by siphon engineering, when the gas-liquid mixture from the siphon degasser can not be completely pumped out by the siphon mixer under the condition of low liquid level difference, the siphon vacuum pump system is provided with a vacuum pump, a siphon air extractor, a fluid pump, an integrated centrifugal pump on the vacuum pump and a finned tube heat exchanger with a fan, wherein one air outlet of the siphon air extractor is connected to the siphon degasser, one air outlet of the siphon air extractor is connected to the vacuum pump after being provided with a one-way check valve, a water outlet of the siphon air extractor is connected with an air inlet of the siphon mixer through a pipeline, a valve for disconnecting the connection between the siphon degasser and the suction side mixer is arranged on a connecting pipeline so as to control to stop siphoning, a third liquid inlet of the fluid pump is connected to the siphon air inlet, and a liquid outlet is connected to a first liquid inlet of the siphon air extractor; after a siphon vacuum pump system is started, mixed gas is pumped out from a channel communicated with a siphon air pump and a siphon degasser through the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump automatically stops running until a liquid level control element or a pressure element signal is fed back to a simple control device on the siphon vacuum system, and meanwhile, a fluid pump is started to enable the siphon air pump to run; the vacuum pump is a screw vacuum pump or a claw vacuum pump in view of the fact that no other common resources are required other than the power supply.
The vacuum pump in the siphon vacuum pump system, the heat that the vacuum pump does work and produces dispels the heat through an air cooling device, the risk of freezing that the cold medium matter that is used for carrying on the heat exchange exists under the winter climate condition is considered, the cold medium matter is preferably the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and water, the volume fraction of ethylene glycol should be less than 56% in the refrigerant, and the refrigerant can seal it through the pipeline, and circulate in the closed pipeline, and should not make the gas mixture that extracts in the siphon contact with the refrigerant, but in order to avoid evaporation loss and the condensed gas mixture after compressing in the condensable enter the refrigerant.
Compared with the known water jet air ejector or water jet pump, the siphon air ejector has 2 air extraction ports, wherein one air extraction port is connected with the siphon air extractor, and the other air extraction port is used as an air outlet and is connected with the vacuum pump through a one-way check valve.
It will be understood by those skilled in the relevant art that when the density of water is calculated as 1000kg/m3, it means that the maximum water level height is about 10.33m, considering a standard atmospheric pressure according to the liquid pressure equation. However, this is only a calculation of the pressure at which a liquid builds up at a standard atmospheric pressure, i.e. there is a pressure difference of atmospheric pressure between the top and the bottom of the water column, but this pressure difference is constituted by the gravity of the water.
By definition of vacuum, it is first necessary to have a space to speak of the definition of "vacuum", i.e. to make a decision on the state of a gas at a pressure lower than one atmosphere in a given space. This means that it is not possible to simply rely on vacuum to maintain the water in the tube at a certain height-the pressure difference created by the atmospheric pressure acting vertically on the bottom of the column and the pressure in the upper vacuum space will cause air to leak into it and not maintain the height of the column. However, by changing the direction of the atmospheric pressure effect, in combination with the definition of hydrostatic pressure, so that the atmospheric pressure and the pressure difference in the vacuum space above the water column are transmitted through the water column, the water column will be maintained at a certain height under the vacuum and atmospheric pressure-this results in a U-tube design. Unlike the pressure differential created by gravity, which is described above, which is created by the vacuum obtaining device and atmospheric pressure, the water column height is driven only by the pressure created by the difference between atmospheric pressure and vacuum pressure acting on the low water level surface. Thus, in the upper vacuum space, the air dissolved in the water will be released from the water by the pressure difference and saturated steam of the liquid at that temperature forms saturated air which constitutes the pressure in this space, so that the water level which is dependent on the vacuum rise is lower than the level which can be reached by the water column calculated from the liquid pressure.
It should be well understood by those skilled in the relevant art that siphon engineering design relies on the level difference between the suction side and the discharge side, and that the liquid on the discharge side of the siphon engineering must have enough gravitational potential energy to overcome the various pressure drop losses and then have energy higher than that on the suction side to lift the liquid to the discharge height, according to bernoulli's equation.
It will be well understood by those skilled in the relevant art that prior to the formation of a siphon, the establishment of a siphon requires the reliance on vacuum-inducing devices to raise the liquid to a certain height and to draw gas released from the liquid through the vacuum-inducing devices until such time as the transfer of pressure between the liquid on the suction side and the liquid on the discharge side is such as to create a liquid transfer, at which time the vacuum-inducing devices function to continuously evacuate the entrained liquid and the mixture of gas and liquid saturated vapor released from the liquid under the conditions of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures.
From the above, it is well understood by those skilled in the relevant art that the necessary condition is to seal both sides of the siphon pipe before the siphon is established, so that the vacuum-obtaining device can push the liquid to raise the height of the liquid in the pipe by the difference between the vacuum and the atmospheric pressure, and thus, the discharge side is put into the water, which is the necessary design, and forms the liquid reservoir. However, in view of the economical efficiency of establishing the liquid storage tank, so that the liquid can flow to the discharge side after being lifted by the suction side when siphon is established, and the liquid level at the discharge side is raised by the atmospheric pressure and vacuum until the liquid can finally form a direct liquid transfer pressure with the liquid at the suction end, it becomes indispensable to construct an inverted V-shaped sealing plate design at the discharge port of the liquid storage tank, and those skilled in the relevant field should fully understand that the inverted V-shaped sealing plate is designed only to reduce the required amount of water in the liquid storage tank according to bernoulli's equation, and does not need higher requirement for the sealing performance, and the inverted V-shaped sealing plate is designed only to ensure that the sealing position is seriously deformed due to impact of foreign matters sucked by the sealing plate under the action of potential energy, so as to reduce the effect.
It should be fully understood by those skilled in the relevant art that in order to maintain the siphon from being damaged by the mixture of air dissolved in the liquid and saturated vapor of the liquid, the gas must be pumped out, however, the continuous pumping out of the gas by the vacuum-obtaining device not only increases the energy consumption, but also reduces the reliability of the siphon system due to the continuous operation of the motive device, and according to bernoulli's equation, the siphon mixer designed by the dynamic pressure characteristic brought by the gravitational potential energy of the liquid at the discharge side is indispensable design above the liquid-storing tank, so as to replace the vacuum-obtaining device to continuously pump out the saturated vapor of the air and liquid released in the siphon process and the entrained liquid.
According to the siphon engineering design, the height of the liquid level lifted by the siphon vacuum pump system is ℎ for example by siphon water𝑠The vertical height from the liquid level at the suction side of the siphon to the opening of the siphon degasser is set as𝑍1The vertical height from the liquid outlet of the siphon discharge side siphon flow mixer to the opening of the siphon degasser is set as𝑍2The height from the liquid level in the storage tank at the siphon discharge side to the highest position of the siphon degasser is set as𝑍3Setting the friction pressure drop as Δ ℎ within the distance from the siphon suction inlet to the opening of the siphon degasserw1The speed pressure drop loss is Δ ℎw2(all including the converted lengths of the elbow, the pipe fitting and the like calculated by the equivalent weight calculation method), setting the friction pressure drop loss within the distance from the liquid outlet of the siphon discharge side siphon mixer to the opening of the siphon degasser as equal to ℎw3The speed pressure drop loss is Δ ℎw4(all including the converted lengths of elbows, pipes and the like calculated by an equivalent weight calculation method), and the liquid density is set as𝛒Assuming that the local extreme minimum atmospheric pressure is𝑝0Assuming that the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid is𝑝𝑠Setting the water temperature t under extreme climatic conditions and the kinetic energy correction coefficient as𝛼The highest flow speed in a connecting pipeline from the liquid inlet of the liquid in the siphon suction side pipeline to the liquid inlet of the siphon flow mixer is set as𝑢1The flow velocity at the liquid outlet of the siphon mixer is set as𝑢4Then, the calculation steps are as follows:
calculating the density of water according to the relation:
𝛒=0.998573+6.499336*10-5t-7.998693*10-6t2+4.451007*10-8t3-1.235749*10- 10t4
calculate the saturated vapor pressure of water:𝑝𝑠=10^(5.40221- (1838.675/(t + 241.413))). times.100000 (applicable to the range of 0-30 ℃))
𝑝𝑠= 10^(5.20389- (1733.926/(t + 233.665))). times.100000 (applicable to the range of 31-60 ℃))
Then the siphon vacuum pump system is allowed to raise the height of the liquid level:
The siphon flow mixer maintains the flow speed at the mixed flow outlet during siphon𝑢4 this condition needs to be satisfied:
and is𝑍2 < 𝑍3 < ℎ𝑠With allowance left when the height of the discharge side needs to be higher than ℎ𝑠In time, the reservoir is required to be designed in a segmented mode.
And the highest flow speed in a connecting pipeline from the liquid inlet of the siphon suction side liquid to the liquid inlet of the siphon flow mixer
It will be understood by those skilled in the relevant art that this is the maximum flow rate limit, but that even within the maximum flow rate limit permitted, the flow rate will substantially increase the friction pressure drop loss and the velocity pressure drop loss, and it is highly necessary to reduce the flow rate as much as possible within the height limit, but considering that the siphon-engineered piping system itself has heat exchange with the ambient temperature, especially in hot climates, too low a flow rate is not desirable, and depending on the heat transfer science, too low a flow rate will tend to increase the friction pressure drop loss and the velocity pressure drop loss, and that too low a flow rate will not be desirableThe liquid in the pipeline releases more mixed gas, and the length of the pipeline from the liquid outlet of the siphon degasser to the liquid inlet of the siphon degasser at the suction side at least meets the requirement of an equal-diameter structure or the radial sectional area of a channel from the liquid inlet of the siphon degasser at the suction side to the liquid outlet of the siphon degasser is gradually reduced, and the length of the pipeline from the liquid inlet of the siphon mixed flow to the liquid outlet of the siphon degasser at least meets the requirement of the equal-diameter structure or the radial sectional area of the channel from the liquid outlet of the siphon degasser to the liquid inlet of the siphon mixed flow is gradually reduced.
It should be understood by those skilled in the relevant art that the outlet flow rate of the siphon mixer cannot be satisfied𝑢4Under the condition, a siphon vacuum pump system with a siphon air extractor is needed, and the energy consumed by the siphon air extractor is determined by the height difference of the suction side and the discharge side of the siphon engineering and the pressure loss of the siphon pipeline design.
As a siphon engineering design, persons skilled in the relevant field should fully understand that the liquid level of siphon lift calculated according to the gas solubility equation cannot have sufficient precision to meet the siphon design requirement, and the determination of the lift height of the liquid level under the engineering condition through experiments is an essential step.
An experimental device for testing the amount of gas released by liquid in siphon engineering, which contains an observable transparent material container with liquid level, a metal fixed communicating pipe for installing the observable transparent material container with liquid level, an evacuation pressure-measuring pipe welded or fastened in other mode on the wall of the metal fixed communicating pipe, a certain gap between the top of the evacuation pressure-measuring pipe and the top of the observable transparent material container with liquid level for discharging liquid and gas, a vacuum pump or a pressure detecting element connected to the part of the evacuation pressure-measuring pipe outside the metal fixed communicating pipe, a pipe connected to the bottom of the metal fixed communicating pipe, the pipe material being a material with low heat conductivity coefficient, the lower part of the pipe being connected to a small container, 2 ports on the bottom of the small container, one of the ports being connected to the outlet of a fluid pump through a valve, the inlet of the fluid pump is connected to the bottom of a container with liquid level, the lower part of a valve between the fluid pump and the small container is connected to the container with liquid level through a three-way pipe, the valve is arranged on a pipeline, and the other interface on the bottom of the small container is inserted into the bottom of the container with liquid level through a pipe, so that the pipe can be positioned in a certain distance below the liquid level in the container with liquid level at any time in the experimental process. During the experiment, the whole experimental device is filled with water to the top through the fluid pump until the liquid overflows from the evacuation pressure measuring tube, then the fluid pump and all valves are closed, the vacuum pump is adopted for pumping for about 10 minutes, the vacuum pump is removed, the experimental device is continuously filled with the liquid through the fluid pump until the liquid overflows, and then the experimental device is kept still for about 1 hour (depending on the lyophilic property of the material). Then the liquid is discharged slowly and completely, the liquid level of the pool is recorded, and the process is repeated until the liquid overflows. And connecting a pressure detection element from the evacuation piezometer tube, opening a valve at the bottom of the small container inserted into a container pipeline with the liquid level to discharge the liquid, observing the position of the liquid level and recording. Calculating the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid, and actually measuring the volume above the container (which needs to include the volume inside the evacuation piezometer tube and the pressure element) which can be observed, so that those skilled in the relevant field can understand that the spatial pressure in the volume is the sum of the pressures of the air and the saturated vapor of the liquid, the mass of the released air and the average molecular weight are obtained according to the dalton partial pressure law, the gas state equation and the standard molar volume, and finally the liquid volume is obtained by measuring the liquid level difference of the container with the liquid level at the bottom, so as to further obtain the ratio of the amount of the released air (without the saturated vapor of the liquid) to the amount of the liquid under the vacuum condition. The above process is repeated to obtain values under different vacuum conditions. It should be understood by those skilled in the relevant art that, during the above experiment, the liquid injection pressure in the theoretical height and the measured height difference calculated by the liquid pressure formula is also equal to the space pressure measured in the above experiment, and the above data can still be obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the siphon design in the prior art, the siphon realizing engineering technical method can be independent of public energy in the process of maintaining the siphon, and provides a detailed design calculation method.
2. Compared with the siphon design in the prior art, the siphon engineering method can continuously maintain the siphon process and realize the aim of siphon breaking through simple control.
3. Compared with a vacuum pump system adopted by siphon design in the prior art, the siphon vacuum pump system disclosed by the invention does not need a complex control system to realize the siphon establishment process, so that the reliability is greatly improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an engineering method of realizing siphoning according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic of a siphon degasser configuration (including front, cross-sectional, and isometric views);
FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of a siphon mixer (including front, sectional and isometric views);
FIG. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of a siphon vacuum pump system with a siphon ejector;
FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional schematic of a siphon ejector;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of a siphon vacuum pump system;
FIG. 7 shows the upper half of the experimental setup for testing the amount of gas released by a liquid in a siphon project;
figure 8 shows the lower half of the experimental set-up for testing the amount of gas released by a liquid in a siphon process.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
preferred features of the present invention will be described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the drawings described below are illustrative of only some embodiments of the invention, and that other embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the relevant art based on the principles of the description and these drawings without the use of inventive faculty.
As shown in figure 1, the engineering method for realizing siphon of the invention is that a deceleration pipe 102 is arranged on a siphon pipeline on a dam 30, an inlet 101 of the deceleration pipe 102 is arranged, the deceleration pipe 102 is arranged at the position under the liquid level of liquid 10, a first anti-vortex grating 103 is arranged, a siphon degasser 1 is arranged at the starting point of the action of gravitational potential energy, a first liquid inlet 21 of the siphon degasser 1 is connected with a siphon water supply pipe, a gap 51 is arranged in the siphon degasser 1, a cavity 12 of the siphon degasser is formed, the gap 51 is communicated with a gas outlet 11 of the siphon degasser, a three-way pipe 131 is arranged above the gas outlet of the siphon degasser, one siphon engineering interface 132 of the three-way pipe is used for connecting a siphon vacuum pump system, the other interface is connected with a gas inlet 61 on a siphon mixer 2 through a siphon stop valve 133, a pipeline 134 is connected with a second liquid inlet 71 and a second liquid outlet 81 are arranged on the siphon mixer 2, the third liquid outlet 91 of the mixed flow section, the air inlet 61, the second channel 82, the third liquid outlet 91 of the mixed flow section is communicated with the air inlet 61 through the second channel 82, the first liquid outlet 31 of the siphon degasser 1 is connected with the siphon gravitational potential energy discharge section, and a second anti-vortex grille 104 is arranged, a reservoir 20 is arranged below the siphon mixed flow device 2, a siphon discharge port is arranged in the bottom of the reservoir 20, an inverted V-shaped sealing plate 92 is arranged on the discharge port, after the water sucked into the siphon is reduced in the third water column height 113 section designed by siphon engineering, the residual water level accords with the water level
And the pressure of the second water column height 112 section is more than 2 times of the sum of the first water column height 111 section and the pressure drop loss, and the flow velocity at the third liquid outlet 91 of the mixed flow section of the siphon flow mixer can still be more than 4.4 m/s.
As shown in fig. 2, the siphon degasser 1 has a first liquid inlet 21, the first liquid inlet 21 has a first bolt connecting hole 22, the siphon degasser 1 has a gap 51, a first liquid outlet 31 and a remaining degassing section 33, and the gap span is smaller than the size 53 of the first liquid outlet 31, the siphon degasser 1 has a siphon degasser gas outlet 11 communicated with the gap 51 through a cavity 12, and then a first channel 41 is formed by covering the siphon degasser 1 with the same material, and the first liquid outlet 31 has a second bolt hole 32 for connecting a pipeline.
As shown in fig. 3, the siphon mixer 2 has a second inlet 71, the second inlet 71 has a fourth bolt hole 72, the second inlet 71 has an air inlet 61, a third bolt hole 63 for fastening the air inlet, a second outlet 81, a mixed flow section 93 and a mixed flow section third outlet 91, the mixed flow section 93 is communicated with the air inlet 61 through a second passage 82 and the siphon mixer cavity 62, the second outlet 81 is connected with the mixed flow section 93 through a divergent bell-mouth structure section 94, and the passage area of the second outlet 81 is equal to or smaller than the passage area of the second inlet 71.
As shown in fig. 4, according to the liquid level difference at two sides of the siphon engineering design, when the gas-liquid mixture from the siphon degasser 1 can not be completely pumped out through the siphon mixer 2 under the condition of low liquid level difference, the siphon vacuum pump system is internally provided with a siphon air extractor 5, a siphon vacuum pump 6, a fluid pump 7, a centrifugal pump 8 integrated on the siphon vacuum pump, and a finned tube heat exchanger 161 with a fan, the siphon air extractor 5 is provided with an air pumping port 151, an air outlet 152, a fourth liquid inlet 153, a fourth liquid outlet 154, the air pumping port 151 is connected with the siphon engineering interface 132, the air outlet 152 is connected with the siphon vacuum pump 6 through a one-way check valve 164, when the siphon vacuum pump system is started to establish siphon, the siphon vacuum pump 6 operates, and drives refrigerant to enter a cooling interlayer of the siphon vacuum pump 6 in a closed pipeline 162 for heat exchange through the centrifugal pump 8 integrated on the siphon vacuum pump, the heat generated by the heat exchanged coolant through the finned tube heat exchanger 161 with fan is dissipated out, the siphon vacuum pump 6 after operation pumps out the mixture of gas released in water and saturated steam of water from the outlet of the siphon engineering interface 132 through the one-way check valve 164, the siphon air ejector outlet 152 and the air suction port 151 on the siphon air ejector, meanwhile, the siphon air ejector outlet 154 is connected to the air inlet 61 on the siphon air mixer 2 in siphon engineering to lift the liquid level of the siphon discharge section, and the siphon air ejector 5 and the fluid pump 7 are connected to lift the liquid level through the fourth liquid inlet 153 and the third liquid inlet 150 on the fluid pump 7, when siphon is formed, the siphon vacuum pump 6 is stopped, and the fluid pump 7 is started to operate.
As shown in FIG. 5, the siphon ejector 5 has an air suction port 151, a siphon ejector air outlet 152, a fourth inlet port 153, and a drain port 154.
As shown in fig. 6, under the condition of satisfying the flow rate of the mixed flow outlet of the flow mixer 2 in the siphon process, the flood suction vacuum pump system has a vacuum pump 6, a centrifugal pump 8 is integrated on the vacuum pump 6, a finned tube heat exchanger 161 with a fan is connected with the centrifugal pump 8 through a closed pipeline 162, and a one-way check valve 164 is arranged on the suction pipeline of the vacuum pump.
As shown in FIG. 7, the experimental apparatus comprises a transparent material container 501 with a liquid level for observation, a metal fixing base 502 at the bottom, and an evacuation piezometer 503 in the metal fixing base 502.
As shown in FIG. 8, the experimental set-up has a small container 601, a container 602 with a liquid level at the bottom, and a fluid pump 603.
Claims (5)
1. A siphon engineering technical method for realizing siphon is characterized in that a siphon degasser, a siphon mixer and a siphon vacuum pump system are arranged on a siphon pipeline, a reducer pipe for reducing speed is designed at an inlet of a liquid level lifting section of the siphon, an anti-vortex grid is arranged in the inlet, a liquid storage pool is arranged at a discharge port, a discharge port at the bottom of the liquid storage pool contains an inverted V-shaped sealing plate, the inverted V-shaped sealing plate is required to be arranged in liquid, the siphon degasser is arranged at a starting point where gravitational potential energy starts to act when the liquid is discharged, the anti-vortex grid is arranged at the starting point, a three-way pipeline is arranged at an air outlet of the siphon degasser, the three-way pipeline is connected with an air inlet of the siphon mixer, a valve for disconnecting the siphon degasser from the siphon mixer is arranged on a connecting pipeline, and the other side of the three-way pipeline is connected with the siphon vacuum pump system; the siphon mixer is arranged below the liquid level of the suction inlet, the siphon mixer is provided with a second liquid inlet, a second liquid outlet, a mixing section pipeline, a mixing section third liquid outlet, a gas inlet and a siphon mixer cavity structure respectively connected with the gas inlet and the mixing section, the diameter of the second liquid outlet is smaller than that of the second liquid inlet, a gradually expanding horn-shaped structure section is reserved between the second liquid outlet and the mixing section pipeline, the mixing section is connected to a siphon mixer cavity through the horn-shaped structure section, the siphon mixer cavity is communicated with the gas inlet, so that mixed gas of gas and liquid saturated steam released from liquid and entrained liquid are sucked from the deaerator through the gas inlet, and when gas-liquid mixture from the deaerator can not be completely pumped out through the siphon mixer under the condition of low liquid level difference according to the liquid level difference at two sides of a siphon engineering system, the siphon vacuum pump system comprises a vacuum pump, a siphon air extractor, a fluid pump, an integrated centrifugal pump and a finned tube heat exchanger with a fan, wherein one air outlet of the siphon air extractor is connected to the siphon air extractor, the air outlet of the siphon air extractor is connected to the vacuum pump through a one-way check valve, the water outlet of the siphon air extractor is connected with the air inlet of the siphon air mixer through a pipeline, a valve for disconnecting the connection of the siphon air extractor and the siphon air mixer is arranged on the connecting pipeline to control the stop of siphon, a third liquid inlet of the fluid pump is connected to the suction side of the siphon, and a liquid outlet of the fluid pump is connected to a first liquid inlet of the siphon air extractor; after a siphon vacuum pump system is started, mixed gas is pumped out from a channel communicated with a siphon air pump and a siphon degasser through the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump automatically stops running until a liquid level control element or a pressure element signal is fed back to a simple control device on the siphon vacuum system, and meanwhile, a fluid pump is started to enable the siphon air pump to run; considering the situation that other public resources except a power supply are not needed any more, the vacuum pump is a screw vacuum pump or a claw vacuum pump; the siphon vacuum pump system is connected to the air outlet of the siphon degasser, liquid at the suction end is lifted to the height of the discharge side, then the liquid flows into the discharge pipe, and the liquid level is kept under the action of the inverted V sealing plate and the siphon vacuum pump system until all gas and liquid saturated steam mixed gas released in the liquid is pumped out, and when the siphon vacuum pump system starts to suck the liquid from the gap of the siphon degasser, siphoning is formed; the siphon vacuum pump system is controlled by a liquid level control element mounted on the siphon degasser or elsewhere or a pressure element mounted below the siphon mixer.
2. An engineering method for realizing siphon according to claim 1, wherein the siphon degasser has a first inlet, a first outlet and a siphon degasser outlet, a gap not exceeding the diameter span exists between the first inlet and the first outlet in the direction close to the first outlet, a siphon degasser cavity integrated with the degasser is covered by the same material as the degasser above the gap, and the outlet is communicated with the siphon degasser cavity, and gas and liquid saturated vapor released from the liquid and entrained liquid are removed through the gap and are extracted from a siphon degasser outlet through the siphon degasser cavity.
3. An engineering method for realizing siphon according to claim 1, wherein the siphon vacuum pump system comprises a vacuum pump, an integrated centrifugal pump on the vacuum pump, and a finned heat exchanger with a fan, wherein the vacuum pump is connected with a three-way pipeline installed on the siphon degasser through a one-way check valve; after the siphon vacuum pump system is started, mixed gas is pumped out from the siphon degasser through the vacuum pump until the liquid level control element or the pressure element signals are fed back to the simple control device on the siphon vacuum system, and then the vacuum pump automatically stops running.
4. An engineering method for realizing siphon according to claim 1, wherein the siphon ejector has 2 suction ports compared with the known water ejector or water jet pump, one of the suction ports is connected with the siphon degasser, and the other suction port is connected as the air outlet with the vacuum pump through a one-way check valve.
5. An engineering method for realizing siphon according to claim 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that the heat generated by the vacuum pump in the siphon vacuum pump system is dissipated by an air cooling device, the refrigerant medium is a mixture of glycol and water, the volume fraction of glycol in the refrigerant is less than 56% considering the risk of freezing of the refrigerant medium used for heat exchange under winter climate conditions, and the refrigerant can be sealed by a pipeline and circulated in the sealed pipeline without contacting the mixed gas extracted from the siphon with the refrigerant, so as to avoid the evaporation loss and the condensable component in the condensed mixed gas entering the refrigerant after compression.
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| CN112609805B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-03-29 | 广东盛际工程咨询有限公司 | Intelligent control method for inverted siphon based on drainage pipe with variable cross-sectional area |
| CN113359603B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-08-16 | 北京中瀚环球真空流体科技有限责任公司 | Vacuum jet siphon drainage equipment monitoring system based on PLC |
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| CN101215829A (en) * | 2008-01-14 | 2008-07-09 | 胡立文 | Controllable siphon discharging device and operation method for reservoir drainage or flood discharge |
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