CN112095070A - Aluminum-containing metal powder applied to plasma spraying - Google Patents
Aluminum-containing metal powder applied to plasma spraying Download PDFInfo
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- CN112095070A CN112095070A CN202011126619.9A CN202011126619A CN112095070A CN 112095070 A CN112095070 A CN 112095070A CN 202011126619 A CN202011126619 A CN 202011126619A CN 112095070 A CN112095070 A CN 112095070A
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- aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses aluminum-containing metal powder applied to plasma spraying, and relates to the technical field of high-temperature plasma application, wherein the metal powder comprises an aluminum-containing basic alloy and a carbon source which exists in the aluminum-containing basic alloy in different forms, when the metal powder is heated to the temperature of less than or equal to 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet flow in an atmospheric atmosphere, the aluminum element in the aluminum-containing basic alloy is preferentially oxidized to form aluminum oxide; when the metal powder is heated to more than 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet under the atmosphere, part of the carbon source is preferentially oxidized to form carbon oxide for volatilization, and the other part of the carbon source reduces the aluminum oxide into simple aluminum. The metal powder is heated to molten particles with the temperature of more than 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet flow in the atmosphere and then sprayed on the surface of a substrate of a material to be protected, so that an aluminum-containing coating with consistent and uniform coating quality can be formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature plasma application and the field of metal material manufacturing, in particular to aluminum-containing metal powder applied to plasma spraying.
Background
The plasma spraying is a method which utilizes high-speed high-temperature plasma jet with the temperature of about 3000-10,000 ℃ to heat powder particles fed into the plasma jet to a completely molten or semi-molten state, accelerates the formation of high-speed molten droplet flow, sprays the high-speed molten droplet flow to the surface of a substrate, and enables the high-speed molten droplet flow to be deposited on the surface of the substrate to form a coating.
When plasma spraying is carried out in an atmosphere, when a high-temperature plasma jet is ejected from a spray gun at a high speed and flies in the atmosphere, atmospheric components are naturally entrained therein. The content of the atmospheric components is gradually increased along with the increase of the distance between the jet flow and the spray gun, and when the distance is increased to be more than 50mm, the ratio of the atmospheric components in the high-temperature plasma jet flow can exceed 50 percent, so that the high-temperature plasma flame flow has the oxidizing property, and the oxidizing property is increased along with the increase of the distance. Therefore, when the metal alloy coating is prepared by plasma spraying of the metal alloy powder, oxidation occurs, so that the coating contains metal oxide components, which results in poor quality and difficult guarantee of consistency of the coating. The analysis of the original reason is that, firstly, the wettability of general metal oxide and molten metal alloy is poor, the oxide is mixed in the coating to cause the interlayer combination of deposited particles to be poor, the porosity of the coating is increased, the corrosion resistance protection of the coating to a substrate is lost, and the mechanical property and the wear resistance of the coating are reduced. This is because, when the spray particles subjected to oxidation are in flight, the oxides have high melting points and high viscosity, and are deposited on the particle surface in a lump form during deposition, thereby inhibiting the spread of the molten particles along the substrate surface, causing disturbance to change the spreading direction, and inducing a shielding effect to generate void inclusions. Secondly, the existence of the oxide prevents the metal in spreading from directly contacting with the metal which is deposited previously and is cooled and solidified, the formation of metal bonding between particles is prevented, and because the molten metal and the oxide have the characteristic of poor wettability, the molten metal is difficult to form strong chemical bonding with the oxide in the processes of rapid spreading and cooling, and the interface existing in weak bonding can form an unbonded interface when interface separation occurs in subsequent cooling. The existence of the oxide not only causes the composition and the structure of the coating to deviate from the composition and the structure of the expected design, but also causes the consistency of the structure and the performance of the coating to be difficult to ensure because the content and the distribution of the oxide in the coating are difficult to control due to the complexity of influence of a plurality of process factors in the spraying process.
In the prior art, in order to enhance the inter-particle bonding in the coating to improve the performance of the coating, improve the consistency of the coating quality by improving the coating components, and reduce the oxidation in the plasma sprayed alloy, a method is adopted in which the coating is sprayed in a chamber protected by inert gas, that is, vacuum plasma spraying or low-pressure plasma spraying is adopted to prevent the oxidation in the spraying. However, this method, limited by the protected chamber, leads to a considerable increase in the investment in equipment and at the same time to a considerable increase in the operating costs, which is only suitable for the painting of some structural elements, irrespective of the costs. Even so, not only is spray flexibility limited due to the chamber size limitations, but the size of the structural workpiece that can be sprayed is also limited. Another approach is to use a gas hood to shield the plasma and add a gas or water cooled protective shield to the plasma torch to isolate the contact and entrainment of the high temperature plasma jet leaving the torch with air, however, gas hood shielding also requires the addition of protective cooling gas, which results in increased cost and is only suitable for the spraying of relatively regular structures such as near flat substrate surfaces. Therefore, how to solve the oxidation of the molten metal alloy particles in the direct plasma spraying under the atmosphere is an important problem that the researchers and technicians in the field have not solved so far.
Particularly, in the case of a metal alloy containing aluminum (Al), since Al is easily oxidized with oxygen, when Al element is contained in the molten droplet at a high temperature, oxidation of Al occurs to form alumina, and the alumina is included in the coating during collision deposition of molten particles, which causes the aforementioned increase in porosity of the coating, decrease in bonding between the deposited particles, and loss of the corrosion protection effect of the coating on the base material.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides aluminum-containing metal powder applied to plasma spraying, and aims to solve the problems that the quality of a coating is poor and the consistency and uniformity of the quality of the coating are difficult to ensure due to oxidation of aluminum-containing molten particles in the conventional plasma spraying.
In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an aluminum-containing metal powder for plasma spraying, including:
an aluminum element-containing base alloy, a carbon source present in the aluminum element-containing base alloy in different forms, wherein:
when the metal powder is heated to the temperature of less than or equal to 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet in the atmosphere, the aluminum element in the basic alloy containing the aluminum element is preferentially oxidized to form aluminum oxide;
when the metal powder is heated to more than 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet under the atmosphere, part of the carbon source is preferentially oxidized to form carbon oxide for volatilization, and the other part of the carbon source reduces the aluminum oxide into simple aluminum.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum element-containing base alloy includes at least one of an aluminum-based alloy, a metal alloy containing an aluminum alloying element, an alloy in which aluminum forms an intermetallic compound with other metals, and an alloy containing an intermetallic compound of aluminum.
In embodiments of the invention, the aluminum-based alloy includes pure aluminum and aluminum alloys.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the metal alloy containing aluminum alloying elements includes an aluminum-containing copper alloy, an aluminum-containing iron-based alloy, an aluminum-containing nickel-based alloy, an aluminum-containing cobalt-based alloy, or an aluminum-containing titanium alloy.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the alloy of aluminum with other metals to form an intermetallic compound includes:
intermetallic compounds of aluminum with other metals, or
A metal alloy containing an intermetallic compound of aluminum and another metal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the carbon source present in the aluminum element-containing base alloy in different forms includes:
carbon in solid solution form in the aluminum element-containing base alloy, or
A graphite or diamond phase in which carbon is incorporated in the basic alloy containing aluminum in the form of its allotropic forms, or
And carbides which are compounded in the base alloy containing the aluminum element in a granular manner.
In the embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the metal powder is any value between 10 and 100 mu m.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the content of the carbon source in the metal powder may be any value between 1 wt% and 10 wt%.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the embodiment of the invention provides aluminum-containing metal powder which can be applied to plasma spraying, wherein the metal powder comprises an aluminum-containing base alloy and a carbon source which exists in the aluminum-containing base alloy in different forms, and the metal powder can be heated to be molten by high-temperature plasma jet to form oxide-free high-temperature molten particles in the plasma spraying under the atmospheric atmosphere; when the metal powder is heated to more than 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet under the atmosphere, part of the carbon source is preferentially oxidized to form carbon oxide for volatilization, and the other part of the carbon source reduces the aluminum oxide into simple aluminum. The oxide-free high-temperature molten particles are sprayed on the surface of a substrate made of a corresponding material to form an aluminum-containing coating with consistent and uniform coating quality, and the problem of poor coating quality caused by oxidation of the aluminum-containing molten particles in the conventional plasma spraying can be effectively solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a first cross-sectional view of a Ni-Al based coating prepared using a metal powder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second cross-sectional view of a Ni-Al based coating made using the metal powder of an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to solve the technical problem of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides an aluminum-containing metal powder for plasma spraying, wherein in plasma spraying in an atmospheric atmosphere, the metal powder can be heated by a high-temperature plasma jet to be melted to form molten particles, and the molten particles are sprayed on a substrate surface of a corresponding material to form an aluminum-containing coating with consistent and uniform coating quality, so that a problem of poor coating quality caused by oxidation of aluminum-containing molten particles in the current plasma spraying can be effectively solved.
Specifically, the metal powder includes: an aluminum element-containing base alloy, a carbon source present in the aluminum element-containing base alloy in different forms, wherein: when the metal powder is heated to the temperature of less than or equal to 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet in the atmosphere, the aluminum element in the basic alloy containing the aluminum element is preferentially oxidized to form aluminum oxide; when the metal powder is heated to more than 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet under the atmosphere, part of the carbon source is preferentially oxidized to form carbon oxide for volatilization, and the other part of the carbon source reduces the aluminum oxide into simple aluminum.
In the concept of the embodiment of the invention, when the metal powder is heated to the temperature below 2000 ℃, the aluminum element in the basic alloy containing the aluminum element is preferentially oxidized to form aluminum oxide by utilizing the characteristics that the chemical property of aluminum is active and easy to be subjected to oxygen affinity, and carbon cannot be oxidized at the temperature, so that other alloy elements in the metal powder are protected from being oxidized below 2000 ℃; when the metal powder is heated to a molten state of more than 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet flow in an atmospheric atmosphere, a carbon source in the metal powder preferentially reacts with oxygen adsorbed on the surface of the molten particles to form carbon oxides to be volatilized, so that other alloy elements in the metal powder are protected from being oxidized at the temperature of more than 2000 ℃, meanwhile, the carbon source reduces the alumina formed in the early stage into an aluminum simple substance and carbon oxides at the temperature, and the carbon oxides are volatilized to remove the oxygen in the alumina, so that the molten particles can be further deoxidized before reaching the surface of the substrate, and the quality of the aluminum-containing coating finally formed can be effectively improved.
The basic alloy containing the aluminum element comprises an alloy matrix phase element, a simple substance metal element and an auxiliary component, and specifically, the basic alloy containing the aluminum element comprises at least one of an aluminum-based alloy, a metal alloy containing the aluminum alloy element, an alloy in which aluminum and other metals form an intermetallic compound, and an alloy containing an aluminide intermetallic compound. Wherein the aluminum-based alloy comprises pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy containing aluminum as a main component; the metal alloy containing the aluminum alloy element is a metal alloy which takes other metal elements as a matrix and takes aluminum as an alloy element, such as an aluminum-containing copper alloy, an aluminum-containing iron-based alloy, an aluminum-containing nickel-based alloy, an aluminum-containing cobalt-based alloy or an aluminum-containing titanium alloy; the alloy of aluminum with other metals to form an intermetallic compound includes an intermetallic compound of aluminum with other metals, such as NiAl or Ni3Al, or a metal alloy containing an intermetallic compound of aluminum with other metals, such as nickel-base superalloy.
The carbon source present in the aluminum-containing base alloy in different forms includes carbon solid-dissolved in the aluminum-containing base alloy in solid-solution form, or a graphite or diamond phase compounded in the aluminum-containing base alloy in the form of an allotropic form of carbon, or a carbide compounded in the aluminum-containing base alloy in a particulate form.
In the embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the metal powder is any value between 10 and 100 mu m so as to effectively heat the metal powder to above 2000 ℃.
In the metal powder, the content of the carbon source is any value between 1 wt% and 10 wt%, so that the content of carbon for preventing oxidation in the metal powder is ensured, and meanwhile, for an alloy containing carbide forming elements, a certain amount of carbon is reserved, and carbides with a strengthening effect can be formed; or some carbon existing in graphite is reserved, so that the lubricating and antifriction effects can be achieved.
To illustrate the effects of the metal powder of the embodiments of the present invention, some specific examples are described below:
example 1
Pure aluminum (Al) powder is adopted, tungsten carbide (WC) particles with micron-scale size are used as a carbon source, Al-WC metal powder containing 15 wt% of WC is prepared through mechanical alloying, and the size of the powder particles is 30-60 mu m. The Al-WC metal powder is sprayed by atmosphere plasma, and the aluminum-based coating is prepared under the condition that the electric arc power is 30 kW. The aluminum-based coating was observed to have a dense structure in the cross section of the coating, and the presence of oxides was not observed in the structure. It should be noted that the content of 15 wt% refers to the content of tungsten carbide, and the carbon content is still between 1 wt% and 10 wt%.
Example 2
The metal powder of the embodiment of the invention is Ni-Al composite powder which has the size of 15-37 mu m and contains 2 wt% of micron-sized diamond. The Ni-Al composite powder is sprayed by atmospheric plasma, and the Ni-Al-based coating is prepared under the condition that the electric arc power is 36 kW. The cross-sectional structure of the coating is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the coating is found to be dense and free of significant oxide inclusions.
Example 3
The metal powder of the embodiment of the invention is nickel chromium aluminum yttrium (NiCrAlY) high-temperature alloy powder with the size of 20-70 mu m and 3 wt% of micron-sized diamond. The NiCrAlY high-temperature alloy powder is sprayed by adopting atmospheric plasma, and the Ni-Al-based high-temperature alloy coating is prepared under the conditions that the spraying distance is 120mm and the electric arc power is 38 kW. The Ni-Al based high-temperature alloy coating is observed, and the section of the coating shows that the coating is compact without obvious oxide inclusion.
Example 4
The metal powder of the embodiment of the invention is iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) high-temperature alloy powder which has the size of 37-70 mu m and contains 20 wt% of micron-sized chromium carbide (Cr3C2) as a carbon source. The FeCrAl alloy coating is prepared by adopting atmospheric plasma spraying under the conditions that the spraying distance is 100mm and the electric arc power is 42 kW. The observation of the FeCrAl alloy coating shows that the coating section shows that the coating is compact and has no obvious oxide inclusion. It should be noted that the content of 20 wt% refers to the content of chromium carbide, and the carbon content is still between 1 wt% and 10 wt%.
In summary, the 4 embodiments provided by the present invention include Al, NiAl (intermetallic compound), nickel-based alloy, iron-based alloy and two different forms of carbon sources, and the above embodiments fully illustrate that the aluminum-containing metal powder provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be heated by high temperature plasma jet to melt to form molten particles in plasma spraying in an atmospheric atmosphere, and can form an aluminum-containing alloy coating with consistent and uniform coating quality on the surface of a substrate made of a corresponding material, thereby effectively solving the problem of poor coating quality caused by oxidation of aluminum-containing molten particles in the current plasma spraying.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and the principle and the implementation of the present invention are explained in this document by applying specific examples, and the descriptions of the above examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An aluminum-containing metal powder for plasma spraying, comprising:
an aluminum element-containing base alloy, a carbon source present in the aluminum element-containing base alloy in different forms, wherein:
when the metal powder is heated to the temperature of less than or equal to 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet in the atmosphere, the aluminum element in the basic alloy containing the aluminum element is preferentially oxidized to form aluminum oxide;
when the metal powder is heated to more than 2000 ℃ by high-temperature plasma jet under the atmosphere, part of the carbon source is preferentially oxidized to form carbon oxide for volatilization, and the other part of the carbon source reduces the aluminum oxide into simple aluminum.
2. The metal powder according to claim 1, wherein the base alloy containing an aluminum element comprises at least one of an aluminum-based alloy, a metal alloy containing an aluminum alloying element, an alloy in which aluminum forms an intermetallic compound with other metals, and an alloy containing an aluminide intermetallic compound.
3. The metal powder according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum-based alloy comprises pure aluminum and an aluminum alloy.
4. The metal powder according to claim 2, wherein the metal alloy containing an aluminum alloying element comprises an aluminum-containing copper alloy, an aluminum-containing iron-based alloy, an aluminum-containing nickel-based alloy, an aluminum-containing cobalt-based alloy, or an aluminum-containing titanium alloy.
5. The metallic powder of claim 2 wherein the alloy of aluminum with other metals to form intermetallic compounds comprises:
intermetallic compounds of aluminum with other metals, or
A metal alloy containing an intermetallic compound of aluminum and another metal.
6. The metallic powder according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source present in the base alloy containing aluminum elements in different forms comprises:
carbon in solid solution form in the aluminum element-containing base alloy, or
A graphite or diamond phase in which carbon is incorporated in the basic alloy containing aluminum in the form of its allotropic forms, or
And carbides which are compounded in the base alloy containing the aluminum element in a granular manner.
7. The metal powder according to claim 1, wherein the particle diameter of the metal powder is any value between 10 and 100 μm.
8. The metal powder according to claim 1, wherein the content of the carbon source in the metal powder is any value between 1 wt% and 10 wt%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114293133A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 西安交通大学 | Spray coating material for forming wide-temperature-range self-lubricating coating by atmospheric plasma spraying, preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN114293133A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 西安交通大学 | Spray coating material for forming wide-temperature-range self-lubricating coating by atmospheric plasma spraying, preparation method and application thereof |
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