CN112088934A - Disease-preventing fresh-keeping method for prolonging storage period of pitaya - Google Patents
Disease-preventing fresh-keeping method for prolonging storage period of pitaya Download PDFInfo
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- CN112088934A CN112088934A CN202010835511.0A CN202010835511A CN112088934A CN 112088934 A CN112088934 A CN 112088934A CN 202010835511 A CN202010835511 A CN 202010835511A CN 112088934 A CN112088934 A CN 112088934A
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000010837 Echinocereus enneacanthus subsp brevispinus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000006850 Echinocereus enneacanthus var dubius Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 240000008086 Echinocereus enneacanthus Species 0.000 title abstract 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000157072 Hylocereus undatus Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000018481 Hylocereus undatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- GEWDNTWNSAZUDX-WQMVXFAESA-N (-)-methyl jasmonate Chemical compound CC\C=C/C[C@@H]1[C@@H](CC(=O)OC)CCC1=O GEWDNTWNSAZUDX-WQMVXFAESA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GEWDNTWNSAZUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-epi-jasmonate Natural products CCC=CCC1C(CC(=O)OC)CCC1=O GEWDNTWNSAZUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005820 Prochloraz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SN=NC2=C1 FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005964 Acibenzolar-S-methyl Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012794 pre-harvesting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011419 induction treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000245165 Rhododendron ponticum Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- OBISXEJSEGNNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen-n-sulfide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=S OBISXEJSEGNNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000009084 Cold Injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclopropene Chemical compound CC1=CC1 SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219357 Cactaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101001018064 Homo sapiens Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033472 Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000038561 Modiola caroliniana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010703 Modiola caroliniana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010048734 sclerotin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001113 umbilicus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/152—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a disease-preventing and fresh-keeping method for prolonging the storage period of pitaya. According to the invention, through the pre-picking bactericide and resistance induction treatment, the raw materials are treated by wound curing, pretreatment, pre-storage, packaging and the like, then stored in a refrigeration house, and then taken out of the refrigeration house through dew prevention, so that the fruit rate of diseases such as canker and the like can be reduced by 50% compared with the fruit rate of diseases caused by the picking of the rhododendron, and the disease attack time of the pitaya fruit can be remarkably delayed. Effectively prolongs the storage time and the room temperature shelf life of the pitaya fruits, and the breakage rate of the pitaya fruits is lower than 2 percent within 48 hours of express logistics after the pitaya fruits are taken out of a warehouse. The required time of the whole operation method is shortened, no corrosion is caused, and the labor force is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a disease-preventing and fresh-keeping method for prolonging the storage period of pitaya.
Background
Pitaya (the name of Hylocereus undatus 'Foo-Lon') is a cultivar of a measuring tape of the family Cactaceae and the genus measuring tape, and fleshy shrubs with aerial roots are climbed. Most branches, extension, regular fin-shaped blade edges, wavy or circular tooth-shaped edges, dark green to light blue green, and sclerotin; a funnel shape, which is open at night; the scaly ovate shape is coated with needles to needles, the sepal-shaped perianth sheet is yellow-green, the linear shape is coated with needles to the linear shape, the petal-shaped perianth sheet is white, the long circular shape is coated with needles, the filigree is yellow-white, the style is yellow-white, the berry is red, the long sphere is shaped, the fruit umbilicus is small, and the pulp is white and red. The seeds are inverted egg-shaped, black and small in hilum. Flowering and bearing fruit in 7-12 months.
The dragon fruit not only has fragrant and sweet taste, but also has high nutritive value, and integrates the advantages of fruits, flower buds, vegetables and medicines. The fertilizer is rich in nutrition, unique in function, few in plant diseases and insect pests, and capable of growing normally almost without any pesticide. Therefore, the dragon fruit is a green and environment-friendly fruit and health-care nutrient food with definite curative effect.
However, because the fruit is aged and the resistance of the pitaya is reduced in the process of storage and transportation after picking, the infected germs before and after picking are changed from a latent state to a pathogenic state to cause the fruit to be attacked and rotten; the low-temperature storage reduces the physiological metabolism speed, but is easy to cause cold damage, and the condensed water on the surface of the fruit after being taken out of the warehouse accelerates the decay of the fruit, thereby causing the loss after picking.
The inventor applies a patent of ' method for prolonging low-temperature storage time of pitaya cathayensis nakai ' in earlier period ', the picked pitaya cathayensis nakai is soaked in 75-85mg/L chlorine dioxide solution for 5min for sterilization, and then is soaked in 8-12mmol/L oxalic acid for 10min after draining to induce cold resistance, so that the production application shows that the time consumption is long, the labor and the site requirements are high, the large-scale treatment is not facilitated, and the chlorine dioxide and the oxalic acid corrode the grading equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a disease-prevention fresh-keeping method for prolonging the storage period of pitaya, which reduces the germ infection of the pitaya before harvesting, improves the self disease resistance of the fruit, induces the cold resistance of the fruit during cold storage, reduces the ethylene damage, thereby prolonging the cold storage time of the pitaya fruit; the condensed water of the dragon fruit is reduced when the dragon fruit is taken out of the warehouse through dew condensation prevention, so that the normal-temperature shelf life of the refrigerated dragon fruit after the dragon fruit is taken out of the warehouse is prolonged.
The invention is realized by the following steps: the disease-preventing and freshness-keeping method for prolonging the storage period of the dragon fruits comprises the following steps:
1) sterilization before harvesting and resistance induction: the first compound sterilization inducer is sprayed 5 to 7 days after the flowers of the pitaya are withered, and comprises 0.2 to 0.3g/L of prochloraz, 3 to 5g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 0.1 to 0.2g/L of diazosulfide and 0.2 to 0.5g/L of emulsifier; spraying a second compound sterilization inducer 5-7 days before harvesting, wherein the second compound sterilization inducer comprises 3-5g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 2-3mg/L of methyl jasmonate and 0.2-0.5g/L of emulsifier; the dragon fruit branches and the fruit surfaces are uniformly sprayed;
2) harvesting: picking when the fruits reach 8-9 ripeness, removing plant diseases and insect pests, mechanically damaging the fruits, packaging the net cover single fruits and then placing the net cover single fruits in a turnover box;
3) pretreatment after picking: putting the harvested fruits into a storehouse at 24-25 ℃ for callus treatment for 18-24 hours, and simultaneously combining 8-12umol/L methyl jasmonate and 1.0-1.5ul/L1-mcp fumigation treatment;
4) pre-storing: pre-storing the pre-treated fruits at 0-1 ℃ for 3-4 days, and sterilizing with ozone during the pre-storage period;
5) packaging and storing: packaging with perforated PE freshness protection package after pre-storage, placing into 1-mcp slow release package and ethylene adsorption package, and storing at 5-6 deg.C;
6) and (3) anti-condensation ex-warehouse: when the fruits are taken out of the warehouse, the plastic bags are sleeved outside the box body, the bag opening is tightened, the fruits are placed in an evacuation mode at room temperature, and after the fruits are prevented from dewing and return to the room temperature, the plastic bags are removed.
In the step 5), the number of the holes punched on the PE freshness protection package to be packaged is 8-12.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that through the pre-picking bactericide and resistance induction treatment, the raw materials are treated through wound healing, pretreatment, pre-storage, packaging and the like, then are stored in a refrigeration house, and then are taken out of the refrigeration house through dew prevention, so that the rate of the fruits with the diseases such as canker and the like can be reduced by 50 percent compared with the rate of the fruits with the diseases such as the red dragon when the red dragon is picked, and the disease attack time of the dragon fruits can be remarkably delayed. Effectively prolongs the storage time and the room temperature shelf life of the pitaya fruits, and the breakage rate of the pitaya fruits is lower than 2 percent within 48 hours of express logistics after the pitaya fruits are taken out of a warehouse. The required time of the whole operation method is shortened, no corrosion is caused, and the labor force is reduced.
Detailed Description
Example 1 of the invention: a disease-preventing and fresh-keeping method for prolonging the storage period of pitaya aims at the problem that the product is the mauve dragon pitaya,
1) sterilization before harvesting and resistance induction: the first compound sterilization inducer is sprayed 5 days after the flowers of the pitaya are withered, and comprises 0.2g/L of prochloraz, 4g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 0.15g/L of diazosulfide and 0.5g/L of emulsifier; spraying a second compound sterilization inducer 7 days before harvesting, wherein the second compound sterilization inducer comprises 4g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 2mg/L of methyl jasmonate and 0.5g/L of emulsifier; the uniform spraying of the dragon fruit branches and the dragon fruit surfaces is taken as the standard.
2) Harvesting: picking when the fruits reach 8-9 ripeness, removing plant diseases and insect pests, mechanically damaging the fruits, packaging the net cover single fruits and then placing the net cover single fruits in a turnover box;
3) pretreatment after picking: putting the harvested fruits into a 24-25 ℃ storehouse for callus treatment for 18 hours, and simultaneously carrying out fumigation treatment by combining 10umol/L methyl jasmonate and 1.0 ul/L1-mcp;
4) pre-storing: pre-storing the pre-treated fruits at 0-1 ℃ for 3 days, and sterilizing with ozone during the pre-storage period;
5) packaging and storing: packaging with perforated PE freshness protection package after pre-storage, placing into 1-mcp slow release package and ethylene adsorption package, and storing at 5-6 deg.C; the number of the holes punched on the PE freshness protection package is 12.
6) And (3) anti-condensation ex-warehouse: when the fruits are taken out of the warehouse, the plastic bags are sleeved outside the box body, the bag opening is tightened, the fruits are placed in an evacuation mode at room temperature, and after the fruits are prevented from dewing and return to the room temperature, the plastic bags are removed.
Comparative test: spraying no bactericide and resistance inducer before picking, performing daily management, picking at 8-9 maturity, selecting and grading, and storing at room temperature (25-30 ℃) or a refrigeration house (5-6 ℃); and directly taking out after refrigerating for 15 d.
The test results are as follows:
in example 1, the fruit rate of lesion diseases such as dragon fruit canker and the like is 5.49%, the rate of first-class fruits larger than sixty-two is 42.48%, and the rate of second-class fruits larger than forty-two is 69.00% during harvesting. After being collected and selected, the seeds are stored at room temperature (25-30 ℃) for 7 days and begin to become rotten. The disease and rot begin to appear after the cold storage for 26 days, wherein the cold storage is carried out for 15 days, and the shelf life is 2-3 days at room temperature (25-30 ℃).
Compared with the prior art, the fruit rate of diseases such as the dragon fruit canker and the like caused by the scab is 58.54%, the rate of first-class fruits larger than sixty-two is 27.87%, and the rate of second-class fruits larger than forty-two is 33.76%. After being collected, sorted and stored at room temperature (25-30 ℃) for 5 days, the seeds begin to become sick and rotten. The cold injury, disease spots and disease decay begin to appear after the refrigerator is stored for 18 days (5-6 ℃), wherein the cold injury, disease spots and disease decay appear after the refrigerator is stored for 15 days, and the shelf life is 1 day at room temperature (25-30 ℃).
As can be seen, compared with the control, the susceptible fruit rate of the scheme of example 1 is reduced by 53.05% when being harvested, and the commercial fruit rate is increased by 35.24%. The occurrence time of disease and rot in room temperature storage is 2 days later, and the occurrence time of disease and rot in cold storage is 8 days later. The shelf life of the product taken out of the warehouse after being refrigerated for 15 days is prolonged by 2 days.
Example 2 of the invention: a disease-preventing and fresh-keeping method for prolonging the storage period of dragon fruits aims at that the product is soft-branch big red dragon fruits,
1) sterilization before harvesting and resistance induction: the first compound sterilization inducer is sprayed 5 days after the flowers of the pitaya are withered, and comprises 0.2g/L of prochloraz, 4g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 0.15g/L of diazosulfide and 0.5g/L of emulsifier; spraying a second compound sterilization inducer 7 days before harvesting, wherein the second compound sterilization inducer comprises 4g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 2mg/L of methyl jasmonate and 0.5g/L of emulsifier; the dragon fruit branches and the fruit surfaces are uniformly sprayed;
2) harvesting: picking when the fruits reach 8-9 ripeness, removing plant diseases and insect pests, mechanically damaging the fruits, packaging the net cover single fruits and then placing the net cover single fruits in a turnover box;
3) pretreatment after picking: putting the harvested fruits into a 24-25 ℃ storehouse for callus treatment for 18 hours, and simultaneously carrying out fumigation treatment by combining 10umol/L methyl jasmonate and 1.0 ul/L1-mcp;
4) pre-storing: pre-storing the pre-treated fruits at 0-1 ℃ for 4 days, and sterilizing with ozone during the pre-storage period;
5) packaging and storing: packaging with perforated PE freshness protection package after pre-storage, placing into 1-mcp slow release package and ethylene adsorption package, and storing at 5-6 deg.C; the number of the holes punched on the PE freshness protection package is 12.
6) And (3) anti-condensation ex-warehouse: when the fruits are taken out of the warehouse, the plastic bags are sleeved outside the box body, the bag opening is tightened, the fruits are placed in an evacuation mode at room temperature, and after the fruits are prevented from dewing and return to the room temperature, the plastic bags are removed.
Comparative test: spraying no bactericide and resistance inducer before picking, performing daily management, picking at 8-9 maturity, selecting and grading, and storing at room temperature (25-30 ℃) or a refrigeration house (5-6 ℃); and directly taking out after refrigerating for 15 d.
The test results are as follows:
in example 2, the fruit rate of the disease of the scab such as the dragon fruit canker is 1.67%, the rate of the first-class fruit larger than eighty-two is 65.34%, and the rate of the second-class fruit larger than fifty-two is 83.76%. After being collected and selected, the seeds are stored at room temperature (25-30 ℃) for 11 days and begin to become sick and rotten. The disease and rot begin to appear after the cold storage is stored for 40 days, wherein the cold storage is carried out for 15 days, the shelf life is 5 days at room temperature (25-30 ℃), the goods are delivered by express delivery after being packaged, the goods are received for 72 hours, and the damage report rate is lower than 2%.
Compared with the prior art, the fruit rate of diseases such as the dragon fruit canker and the like caused by the scab is 6.73 percent, the rate of first-class fruits larger than eighty-two is 53.05 percent, and the rate of second-class fruits larger than fifty-two is 77.91 percent. After being collected and selected, the seeds are stored at room temperature (25-30 ℃) for 8 days and begin to become sick and rotten. The disease and rot begin to appear after the refrigerator is stored for 31 days, wherein the refrigerator is taken out after being refrigerated for 15 days, the shelf life is 3 days at room temperature (25-30 ℃), the goods are delivered by express delivery after being packaged, the goods are received within 72 hours, and the damage reporting rate is more than 10%.
Compared with the control technology, the susceptible fruit rate is reduced by 5.06% when the fruit is harvested, and the commercial fruit rate is increased by 5.85%. The occurrence time of disease and rot in room temperature storage is 3 days later, and the occurrence time of disease and rot in cold storage is 9 days later. After being refrigerated for 15 days, the shelf life of the goods is prolonged by 2 days at room temperature, the goods are delivered by express delivery after being packaged, the goods are received in 72 hours, and the loss report rate is low by 8 percent.
Relationship between anti-cold inducer after harvest and storage time (accurate temperature control 4.5-5.5 deg.C)
Relationship between 1-MCP treatment concentration and storage time (15 ℃ freezer storage)
Claims (2)
1. A disease-preventing and fresh-keeping method for prolonging the storage period of pitaya is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) pre-harvest bactericide and resistance induction: the first compound sterilization inducer is sprayed 5-7 days after the flowers of the pitaya are withered, and comprises 0.2-0.3g/L of prochloraz, 3-5g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 0.1-0.2g/L of benzothiadiazole and 0.5g/L of emulsifier; spraying a second compound sterilization inducer 5-7 days before harvesting, wherein the second compound sterilization inducer comprises 3-5g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 2-3mg/L of methyl jasmonate and 0.5g/L of emulsifier; the dragon fruit branches and the fruit surfaces are uniformly sprayed;
2) harvesting: picking when the fruits reach 8-9 ripeness, removing plant diseases and insect pests, mechanically damaging the fruits, packaging the net cover single fruits and then placing the net cover single fruits in a turnover box;
3) pretreatment after picking: putting the harvested fruits into a storehouse at 24-25 ℃ for callus treatment for 18-24 hours, and simultaneously carrying out fumigation treatment by combining 8-12umol/L methyl jasmonate and 1.0-1.5 ul/L1-mcp;
4) pre-storing: pre-storing the pre-treated fruits at 0-1 ℃ for 3-4 days, and sterilizing with ozone during the pre-storage period;
5) packaging and storing: packaging with perforated PE freshness protection package after pre-storage, placing into 1-mcp slow release package and ethylene adsorption package, and storing at 5-6 deg.C;
6) and (3) anti-condensation ex-warehouse: when the fruits are taken out of the warehouse, the plastic bags are sleeved outside the box body, the bag opening is tightened, the fruits are placed in an evacuation mode at room temperature, and after the fruits are prevented from dewing and return to the room temperature, the plastic bags are removed.
2. The disease-preventing and fresh-keeping method for prolonging the storage period of the dragon fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 5), the number of the holes punched on the PE freshness protection package to be packaged is 8-12.
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| CN101642161A (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2010-02-10 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Physical method for preserving freshness of waxberry fruits |
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| CN107371689A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of method for reducing the loss of dragon fruit postharvest decay |
| CN109673740A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-04-26 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Extend the method for purplish red imperial dragon fruit cryopreservation time |
| WO2019087972A1 (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-05-09 | 保土谷化学工業株式会社 | Method for preventing post-harvest diseases of fruit using peracetic acid |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101642161A (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2010-02-10 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Physical method for preserving freshness of waxberry fruits |
| CN106258659A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 贵阳学院 | A kind of preventing control method of Hylocereus undatus postharvest disease |
| CN107371689A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of method for reducing the loss of dragon fruit postharvest decay |
| WO2019087972A1 (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-05-09 | 保土谷化学工業株式会社 | Method for preventing post-harvest diseases of fruit using peracetic acid |
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Application publication date: 20201218 Assignee: Aichengyuan Agricultural Family Farm in Luodian County Assignor: Guizhou Fruit Tree Science Research Institute (Guizhou Citrus Research Institute Guizhou Characteristic Fruit and Vegetable Engineering Technology Center Guizhou Dragon Fruit Research Institute)|Guizhou Luodian Hongxin Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024520000003 Denomination of invention: Disease prevention and preservation methods for extending the storage period of dragon fruit Granted publication date: 20230718 License type: Common License Record date: 20240411 |