CN112084613A - Horizontal well optimized well spacing method and device - Google Patents

Horizontal well optimized well spacing method and device Download PDF

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CN112084613A
CN112084613A CN201910509186.6A CN201910509186A CN112084613A CN 112084613 A CN112084613 A CN 112084613A CN 201910509186 A CN201910509186 A CN 201910509186A CN 112084613 A CN112084613 A CN 112084613A
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CN112084613B (en
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翁定为
雷群
刘哲
胥云
王欣
郭子仪
林海
段瑶瑶
梁宏波
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects

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Abstract

The invention provides a horizontal well optimized well spacing method and a device, wherein the method comprises the steps of selecting a relatively homogeneous reservoir from target reservoirs; establishing reservoir stratum geomechanical models of six horizontal wells of the same horizontal well platform; taking four of six horizontal wells as fracturing construction wells, taking the other two horizontal wells as observation wells, and fracturing the fracturing construction wells according to the same pumping program to obtain fracturing data; judging whether fracturing impact is caused by the fact that hydraulic fractures expand to an observation well or not according to the fracturing data; if so, recording the amount of fracturing fluid and the amount of sand when the fracturing construction well has fracturing impact; simulating the hydraulic fracture morphology under the expansion of multiple clusters of fractures according to the established geomechanical model, and determining the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture; respectively completing fracturing on the remaining intervals of the fracturing construction well by using the amount of fracturing fluid and the amount of sand when the fracturing construction well is subjected to fracturing impact; optimizing the optimal construction scale and the corresponding hydraulic fracture half-seam length; and obtaining the optimal horizontal well spacing and performing well distribution on the target block by using the optimal horizontal well spacing.

Description

Horizontal well optimized well spacing method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a horizontal well optimized well spacing method and a device, and belongs to the technical field of development of compact oil and shale gas.
Background
Shale gas and compact oil development has made great progress in recent years, and the rapid increase of oil gas production is realized. Shale gas and compact oil are mainly developed in a horizontal well depletion mode, a platform type well arrangement mode is usually adopted, 2-6 horizontal wells of each platform are adopted, the interval (the distance between two horizontal shafts) of the shale gas horizontal wells is about 400m at present, and the interval of the compact oil horizontal wells is 200-600 m. The fracturing construction adopts the fracturing of one well or the staggered fracturing of two wells, the modification is generally divided into 15-30 sections according to the length of the horizontal well section, and the production is started after the well is closed for a period of time after the fracturing is finished.
At present, the outstanding challenge of the development of compact oil and shale gas in China is that the single well is low in accumulated yield and primary recovery rate, and the analysis shows that the main reason is that the control degree of the formed hydraulic fracture on the oil and gas reservoir is low when the horizontal well is subjected to primary fracturing, so that the control degree of the artificial fracture on the oil and gas reservoir needs to be improved. The Chinese patent application CN108952657A discloses a method for determining the length of a hydraulic fracture of a horizontal well platform of a compact oil and shale gas reservoir, and the method can accurately predict the length of a dynamic artificial fracture. Based on the method, the invention provides a horizontal well optimized well spacing method for improving the recovery efficiency of the compact oil and the shale gas, and the method can obviously improve the primary recovery efficiency of the shale gas and the compact oil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above disadvantages and shortcomings, an embodiment of the present invention provides a horizontal well optimized well spacing method, wherein the method includes the following steps:
step 1, acquiring early exploration and three-dimensional seismic data of a target reservoir, and selecting a relatively homogeneous reservoir from the target reservoir according to the early exploration and the three-dimensional seismic data;
step 2, establishing a reservoir geomechanical model of six horizontal wells of the same horizontal well platform;
step 3, taking four of the six horizontal wells as fracturing construction wells, taking the other two horizontal wells as observation wells, and performing fracturing construction on a first fracturing construction well, a second fracturing construction well, a third fracturing construction well and a fourth fracturing construction well of the four fracturing construction wells according to the same pumping and injecting program to obtain fracturing data of the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well;
step 4, judging whether fracturing impact is caused by the fact that hydraulic fractures expand to an observation well or not according to the fracturing data; if so, respectively recording the fracturing fluid usage amount and the sand amount when the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well have fracturing impact;
simulating the hydraulic fracture morphology under the expansion of a plurality of clusters of fractures by utilizing fracture expansion simulation software according to the established geomechanical model, and determining the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture;
if not, executing the step 3 after correcting the construction parameters and the parameters of the geomechanical model;
step 5, fracturing liquid usage and sand amount when fracturing impact occurs in the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well are adopted to respectively perform fracturing on remaining intervals of the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well, fracturing construction of the four fracturing construction wells is completed after the fracturing construction of the four fracturing construction wells is completed, and fracturing construction is completed on two observation wells before the four fracturing construction wells are put into production;
step 6, drawing a correlation diagram between the fracturing fluid consumption and the dynamic hydraulic fracture length of the four fracturing construction wells, and preferably selecting the optimal construction scale and the corresponding hydraulic fracture half-fracture length according to the correlation diagram;
and 7, obtaining an optimal horizontal well spacing according to the hydraulic fracture half-seam length under the optimal construction scale, performing well distribution on a target block by adopting the optimal horizontal well spacing, and completing fracturing construction of a newly drilled horizontal well by adopting the optimal construction scale.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step 2, six horizontal wells are parallelly arranged according to a conventional method in the field, the well spacing is required to be given during arrangement, and the well spacing is related to the construction scale and crack extension; the numerical value of the well spacing can adopt the spacing commonly used by various unconventional blocks in China at present; of course, the well spacing may also be adjusted according to the estimated fracture length, for example, if the estimated fracture half-length is LF, the well spacing may be set to 0.5LF, 1.5LF, etc., respectively, and is generally an integer, such as 100/150/200 m.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step 3, four fracturing construction wells are completed by adopting a well cementation sliding sleeve mode or a well cementation bridge plug mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, when four fracturing construction wells are completed by adopting a well cementation sliding sleeve mode, only one sliding sleeve is opened at a time;
when four fracturing construction wells are completed in a well cementation bridge plug mode, only one perforation is shot in each construction.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step 3, two observation wells are completed in an open hole sliding sleeve packer mode.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the fracture data includes: the construction method comprises the steps of fracturing well construction starting time, observation well pressure response receiving time, construction well construction stopping time, stable pressure before the observation well is impacted, highest pressure after the observation well is impacted and stable construction pressure of the construction well.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step 4 includes:
determining the fracturing impact delay time, the fracturing impact pressure and the fracturing impact strength according to the fracturing data;
and determining whether the fracturing impact is caused by the hydraulic fracture expanding to the observation well or not according to the fracturing impact delay time, the fracturing impact pressure and the fracturing impact strength.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the determining the fracture impact delay time according to the fracture data includes:
determining fracturing impact delay time according to the time difference between the construction starting time of the fracturing well and the time of receiving pressure response by the observation well;
determining the fracturing impact pressure according to the pressure difference between the stable pressure of the observation well before the observation well is impacted and the highest pressure of the observation well after the observation well is impacted;
and taking the time difference between the construction stopping time of the construction well and the time when the observation well receives the pressure response as a second time difference, and determining the fracturing impact strength according to the ratio of the pressure impact pressure to the second time difference.
In the embodiment of the invention, determining whether the fracturing impact is caused by the hydraulic fracture expanding to the observation well according to the fracturing impact delay time, the fracturing impact pressure and the fracturing impact strength comprises the following steps:
the delay time of the fracturing impact is 1-10 minutes, and when the difference value of the fracturing impact pressure and the stable pressure difference is smaller than a preset threshold value, the fracturing impact is determined to be caused by a fault; the stable pressure difference is the difference value between the stable construction pressure of the construction well and the stable pressure of the observation well before the observation well receives impact;
the delay time of the fracturing impact is 10-100 minutes, the magnitude of the fracturing impact pressure is 100, and when the pressure impact strength is smaller than a preset pressure impact strength threshold value, the fracturing impact is caused by the expansion of micro cracks;
and when the fracturing impact delay time is not less than 60 minutes and the fracturing impact pressure is not less than 10MPa, determining that the fracturing impact is caused by the expansion of the hydraulic fracture to the observation well.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step 5, the soaking time is 15-90 days.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step 5, fracturing construction is completed for two observation wells one week before four fracturing construction wells are put into production.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step 6, the optimal construction scale and the corresponding hydraulic fracture half-seam length are preferably selected according to the correlation diagram, and for example, the method may include: through the monitoring, when the obtained liquid consumption is 500 square, the half seam length of the fracture can reach 150m, the well spacing is 300m when the relative seam arrangement is carried out, the liquid consumption of a single seam can be determined to be 500 square, and the optimal principle needs to ensure that the matrix between wells is completely transformed through fracturing the fracture without residual oil between wells.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step 7, when the joints are distributed relatively, the optimal horizontal well spacing is 2 times of the hydraulic fracture half joint length under the optimal construction scale;
when the joints are distributed in a staggered mode, the optimal horizontal well spacing is 1.25-2 times of the hydraulic fracture half joint length under the optimal construction scale.
The invention also provides a horizontal well optimized well spacing device, wherein four horizontal wells of six horizontal wells of a drilled reservoir are used as fracturing construction wells, the other two horizontal wells are used as observation wells, fracturing construction is carried out on the fracturing construction wells, fracturing data of each construction is obtained, and the device obtains the fracturing data and executes the horizontal well optimized well spacing method.
The invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the horizontal well optimized well spacing method.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the horizontal well optimized well spacing method.
According to the horizontal well optimized well spacing method and device, the actual crack length corresponding to a certain construction scale is obtained through monitoring data of the observation side well, so that the well spacing and the construction scale are optimized, a reservoir is ensured to be fully used, and no residual oil exists in an interwell vacant area; the method and the device can obviously improve the control degree of the cracks on oil and gas reservoirs, realize the minimum flow pressure difference of the matrix, and effectively improve the yield and the primary recovery ratio of the shale gas and the compact oil.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a horizontal well optimized well placement method for enhanced recovery of tight oil and shale gas provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of six horizontal wells of the same platform in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the dynamic fracture length of the fracture and the amount of fracturing fluid used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture and the construction time in this embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the superposition of the pressure of a construction well and an observation well over time in the embodiment of the invention.
The main reference numbers illustrate:
1. a first fracturing construction well;
2. a second fracturing construction well;
3. a third fracturing construction well;
4. a fourth fracturing construction well;
5. a first observation well;
6. and a second observation well.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an optimized horizontal well spacing method, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, acquiring early exploration and three-dimensional seismic data of a target reservoir, and selecting a relatively homogeneous reservoir from the target reservoir according to the early exploration and the three-dimensional seismic data;
step 2, establishing a reservoir geomechanical model of six horizontal wells of the same horizontal well platform;
step 3, taking four of the six horizontal wells as fracturing construction wells, taking the other two horizontal wells as observation wells (namely a first observation well 5 and a second observation well 6), and performing fracturing construction on a first fracturing construction well 1, a second fracturing construction well 2, a third fracturing construction well 3 and a fourth fracturing construction well 4 of the four fracturing construction wells according to the same pumping program to obtain fracturing data of the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well;
step 4, judging whether fracturing impact is caused by the fact that hydraulic fractures expand to an observation well or not according to the fracturing data; if so, respectively recording the fracturing fluid usage amount and the sand amount when the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well have fracturing impact;
simulating the hydraulic fracture morphology under the expansion of a plurality of clusters of fractures by utilizing fracture expansion simulation software according to the established geomechanical model, and determining the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture;
if not, executing the step 3 after correcting the construction parameters and the parameters of the geomechanical model;
step 5, fracturing liquid usage and sand amount when fracturing impact occurs in the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well are adopted to respectively perform fracturing on remaining intervals of the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well, fracturing construction of the four fracturing construction wells is completed after the fracturing construction of the four fracturing construction wells is completed, and fracturing construction is completed on two observation wells before the four fracturing construction wells are put into production;
step 6, drawing a correlation diagram between the fracturing fluid consumption and the dynamic hydraulic fracture length of the four fracturing construction wells, and preferably selecting the optimal construction scale and the corresponding hydraulic fracture half-fracture length according to the correlation diagram;
and 7, obtaining an optimal horizontal well spacing according to the hydraulic fracture half-seam length under the optimal construction scale, performing well distribution on a target block by adopting the optimal horizontal well spacing, and completing fracturing construction of a newly drilled horizontal well by adopting the optimal construction scale.
The following is a further detailed description of the optimized well spacing method for improving the recovery efficiency of tight oil and shale gas for horizontal wells, which includes the following steps:
step 1, acquiring early exploration and three-dimensional seismic data of a target reservoir, and selecting a relatively homogeneous reservoir from the target reservoir according to the early exploration and the three-dimensional seismic data; the method comprises the following steps of obtaining a target reservoir stratum, wherein early exploration and three-dimensional seismic data of the target reservoir stratum are conventional technical means in the field, and a person skilled in the art also knows how to select a relatively homogeneous reservoir stratum from the target reservoir stratum according to the early exploration and the three-dimensional seismic data;
step 2, establishing a reservoir geomechanical model of six horizontal wells of the same horizontal well platform; specifically, as shown in fig. 2, six horizontal wells are arranged, four of the six horizontal wells are used as fracturing construction wells, the other two horizontal wells are used as observation wells, and the four fracturing construction wells can be completed in a well cementation sliding sleeve mode or a well cementation bridge plug mode; when four fracturing construction wells are completed in a well cementation sliding sleeve mode, only one sliding sleeve is opened at each time;
when four fracturing construction wells are completed in a well cementation bridge plug mode, only one perforation is shot in each construction;
and the two observation wells are completed in an open hole sliding sleeve packer mode, the foremost sliding sleeves of the two observation wells are in an open position before fracturing construction, the shaft is filled with fluid, and the pressure of the well mouth is not zero.
And 3, synchronously zeroing the time records of the six wells before beginning formal hydraulic fracturing construction. And starting fracturing construction of the well cementation horizontal well, and automatically recording by adopting an instrument truck for hydraulic fracturing construction, wherein the recorded data comprises parameters such as ground construction pressure, discharge capacity, sand ratio and the like. And (3) installing a high-precision pressure gauge on the ground of the open hole horizontal well to observe pressure change, and recording pressure data once every 3-5 seconds. It is recommended that a plug-in pressure gauge be also run at the bottom hole location for correcting the pressure data received at the surface.
Taking four of the six horizontal wells as fracturing construction wells, taking the other two horizontal wells as observation wells, and performing fracturing construction on a first fracturing construction well 1, a second fracturing construction well 2, a third fracturing construction well 3 and a fourth fracturing construction well 4 of the four fracturing construction wells according to the same pumping program to obtain fracturing data of the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well;
the fracture data includes: the construction method comprises the steps of fracturing well construction starting time, observation well pressure response receiving time, construction well construction stopping time, stable pressure before the observation well is impacted, highest pressure after the observation well is impacted and stable construction pressure of the construction well.
Step 4, judging whether fracturing impact is caused by the fact that hydraulic fractures expand to an observation well or not according to the fracturing data; if so, respectively recording the fracturing fluid usage amount and the sand amount when the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well have fracturing impact;
simulating the hydraulic fracture morphology under the expansion of a plurality of clusters of fractures by utilizing fracture expansion simulation software according to the established geomechanical model, and determining the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture;
if not, executing the step 3 after correcting the construction parameters and the parameters of the geomechanical model;
the step 4 specifically comprises:
determining the fracturing impact delay time, the fracturing impact pressure and the fracturing impact strength according to the fracturing data;
determining whether fracturing impact is caused by the fact that hydraulic fractures expand to an observation well or not according to the fracturing impact delay time, the fracturing impact pressure and the fracturing impact strength;
determining the fracturing impact delay time according to the fracturing data, wherein the fracturing impact pressure and the fracturing impact strength comprise the following steps:
determining fracturing impact delay time according to the time difference between the construction starting time of the fracturing well and the time of receiving pressure response by the observation well;
determining the fracturing impact pressure according to the pressure difference between the stable pressure of the observation well before the observation well is impacted and the highest pressure of the observation well after the observation well is impacted;
taking the time difference between the construction stopping time of the construction well and the time when the observation well receives the pressure response as a second time difference, and determining the fracturing impact strength according to the ratio of the pressure impact pressure to the second time difference;
the step of determining whether the fracture impact is caused by the hydraulic fracture expanding to the observation well according to the fracture impact delay time, the fracture impact pressure and the fracture impact strength comprises the following steps:
the delay time of the fracturing impact is 1-10 minutes, and when the difference value of the fracturing impact pressure and the stable pressure difference is smaller than a preset threshold value, the fracturing impact is determined to be caused by a fault; the stable pressure difference is the difference value between the stable construction pressure of the construction well and the stable pressure of the observation well before the observation well receives impact;
the delay time of the fracturing impact is 10-100 minutes, the magnitude of the fracturing impact pressure is 100, and when the pressure impact strength is smaller than a preset pressure impact strength threshold value, the fracturing impact is caused by the expansion of micro cracks;
and when the fracturing impact delay time is not less than 60 minutes and the fracturing impact pressure is not less than 10MPa, determining that the fracturing impact is caused by the expansion of the hydraulic fracture to the observation well.
Particularly, the construction well and observationThe time-varying relationships of the pressure data of the well records are superposed, and as shown in fig. 5, the superposed schematic diagram is a time-varying pressure superposition diagram of a construction well and an observation well. T in FIG. 51Time to formally start construction of a fractured well, t2To monitor the time (in minutes) at which the well begins to receive a pressure response, t3Stopping the construction for the construction well (in minutes); psThe steady pressure (in MPa) before the well was impacted was observed, PmaxThe highest pressure (in MPa) after the well was impacted, P, was observedtThe stable construction pressure (unit is MPa) of the construction well. The following three parameters are defined:
fracture impact delay time: Δ t ═ t2-t1
And (3) fracturing impact pressure: Δ P ═ Pmax-Ps
And (3) fracture impact strength: i ═ Δ P/(t)3-t2)
In this embodiment, the reason why the observation well is subjected to the fracturing impact is judged by analyzing the three parameters. In general, there are three cases:
1. if Δ t is 100Or 101Magnitude, while Δ P is high, approaching the pressure difference between the construction well and the observation well, i.e., Pt-PsThen it is judged that the fracture strike is caused by the fault. The construction can be stopped, and after the model and the construction parameters are corrected according to the step, the second section of construction is started. Repeating the process of the step 2-4; and then entering a third section of construction. And ensuring that at least one adjacent well is subjected to pressure impact in 3 times of construction, integrating the pressure observation results of 3 sections of fracturing construction and observation wells, confirming the change relation of the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture along with time, determining the length of the hydraulic fracture under different scales, and correcting a geomechanical model.
2. If Δ t is 101Or 102On the order of minutes, Δ P is very small, at 100And the magnitude and the pressure impact strength are simultaneously small and are smaller than a preset threshold value, and the fracturing impact is judged to be caused by the expansion of the microcracks. And continuing to finish the construction, and then entering a second section of construction after correcting the model and the construction parameters according to the step. Repeating the process of the step 2-4;and then entering a third section of construction. And ensuring that at least one adjacent well is subjected to pressure impact in 3 times of construction, integrating the pressure observation results of 3 sections of fracturing construction and observation wells, confirming the change relation of the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture along with time, determining the length of the hydraulic fracture under different scales, and correcting a geomechanical model.
3. And if the delta t is not less than 60 minutes and the delta P is not less than 10MPa, determining that the fracture impact is caused by the expansion of the hydraulic fracture to the observation well.
After being subjected to a pressure shock, i.e. t2Then, the pressure is steadily increased, and the construction is stopped until the construction well is constructed (t)3) Observing the pressure of the well continuously rising; and after the pump of the construction well is stopped, the observation pressure is gradually reduced. Then it is judged that the fracture strike was caused by the propagation of the hydraulic fracture into the observation well.
Once the pressure impact phenomenon is confirmed to be caused by the fact that the hydraulic fracture of the construction well expands to the well bore of the observation well, the observation result can be compared with the observation result shown in the figure 4, namely if the time of the fracture expanding to the adjacent well is close to the delay time delta t, the model is accurate in prediction, and the reliable hydraulic fracture length of the whole well can be directly adopted; if the difference between the two is large, the model is properly adjusted to be close to the two, and then the next step is carried out, and the model result is verified by adopting the construction data of the next section.
And after the first section of construction is finished, modifying the model and the construction parameters according to the step, and entering a second section of construction. Repeating the process of the step 2-4; and then entering a third section of construction. And ensuring that at least one adjacent well is subjected to pressure impact in 3 times of construction, integrating the pressure observation results of 3 sections of fracturing construction and observation wells, confirming the change relation of the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture along with time, determining the length of the hydraulic fracture under different scales, and correcting a geomechanical model.
And 4, simulating the hydraulic fracture morphology under the expansion of a plurality of clusters of fractures by adopting full three-dimensional non-planar fracture expansion simulation software according to the corrected geomechanical model on the basis of the hydraulic fracture parameters obtained by numerical simulation and optimization of the oil reservoir to obtain reliable dynamic hydraulic fracture length. And the field cementing adopts staged multi-cluster fracturing construction or opens a plurality of sliding sleeves at one time, and the fracturing construction is efficiently and quickly completed.
Then, a full three-dimensional hydraulic fracture simulation software (in the embodiment of the present application, FrackOptima may be used, but is not limited to this software) is used to simulate the expansion process of the hydraulic fracture, so as to obtain a correlation between the dynamic length of the fracture and the time, as shown in fig. 3, which is a graph of the correlation between the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture and the construction time in the embodiment. In this embodiment, at least 3 construction scales in which the amounts of fracturing fluid and proppant are sequentially increased are designed to ensure that the length of the dynamic fractures of at least 2 construction scales is greater than the distance between two horizontal wells.
In addition, in step 4, the results of the fracturing fluid volume and the sand volume can be judged by combining the reservoir description and the hydraulic fracture simulation results, that is, if the reservoir distribution is considered to be stable, and the fracturing fluid volume and the sand volume when the impact occurs are within the prediction range, the values can be used as final values, otherwise, the second-stage construction can be continuously carried out on the first fracturing construction well to confirm the fracturing fluid volume and the sand volume when the impact occurs.
In specific implementation, two observation wells can be monitored simultaneously or respectively to ensure that the crack length at different intervals is monitored;
for example, when two observation wells are simultaneously monitored, when a first fracturing construction well is constructed, the first observation well can detect the liquid consumption (construction scale) of a crack length extension of 100m, and the second observation well can detect the construction scale of a crack length extension of 500m, which is a limit case, and of course, the crack may not extend.
When two observation wells are respectively monitored, a principle needs to be ensured, namely different intervals can be monitored, for example, when a first fracturing construction well is constructed, the first observation well is used for monitoring, and the corresponding scale of the joint length of 100m can be obtained; when the second fracturing construction well is constructed, the second observation well is used for monitoring, the construction scale corresponding to the 200m seam length can be obtained, when the third fracturing construction well is constructed, the first observation well is used for monitoring, the construction scale corresponding to the 300m seam length can be obtained, when the fourth fracturing construction well is constructed, the second observation well is used for monitoring, the construction scale corresponding to the 400m seam length can be obtained, and because the pumping procedures of 4 wells are the same, the relation between the dynamic seam length of the crack extension and the construction scale can be obtained through 4 times of monitoring.
Step 5, fracturing liquid usage and sand amount when fracturing impact occurs in the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well are adopted to respectively complete fracturing on remaining intervals of the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well, through optimization, synchronous expansion of multiple fractures in each multi-cluster construction is ensured, fracturing liquid amount and sand amount required by each construction are the number of clusters in each segment multiplied by the fracturing liquid amount and sand amount recorded when a single fracture expands, stewing time of characteristics (such as reservoir imbibition and dialysis experimental results) of a reservoir after fracturing construction of four fracturing construction wells is completed is usually 15-90 days, and fracturing construction is completed on two observation wells one week before production of the four fracturing construction wells;
step 6, drawing a correlation diagram between the fracturing fluid consumption and the dynamic hydraulic fracture length of the four fracturing construction wells, as shown in fig. 3, and preferably selecting the optimal construction scale and the corresponding hydraulic fracture half-fracture length according to the correlation diagram, namely the V-shaped fracture half-fracture length in the diagramoAnd Lfo；
And 7, obtaining the optimal horizontal well spacing according to the hydraulic fracture half-seam length under the optimal construction scale, wherein the optimal horizontal well spacing is 2L in the embodimentfoDistributing the target block by adopting the optimal horizontal well spacing and adopting the optimal construction scale V of a single crackoAnd completing the fracturing construction of the newly drilled horizontal well.
The horizontal well optimized well spacing method provided by the embodiment of the invention can obviously improve the control degree of the cracks on oil and gas reservoirs, realize the minimum matrix flow pressure difference and effectively improve the yield and the primary recovery ratio of shale gas and compact oil.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, so that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents of the embodiments described herein. In addition, the technical features and the technical inventions of the present invention, the technical features and the technical inventions, and the technical inventions can be freely combined and used.

Claims (14)

1. A horizontal well optimized well spacing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring early exploration and three-dimensional seismic data of a target reservoir, and selecting a relatively homogeneous reservoir from the target reservoir according to the early exploration and the three-dimensional seismic data;
step 2, establishing a reservoir geomechanical model of six horizontal wells of the same horizontal well platform;
step 3, taking four of the six horizontal wells as fracturing construction wells, taking the other two horizontal wells as observation wells, and performing fracturing construction on a first fracturing construction well, a second fracturing construction well, a third fracturing construction well and a fourth fracturing construction well of the four fracturing construction wells according to the same pumping and injecting program to obtain fracturing data of the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well;
step 4, judging whether fracturing impact is caused by the fact that hydraulic fractures expand to an observation well or not according to the fracturing data; if so, respectively recording the fracturing fluid usage amount and the sand amount when the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well have fracturing impact;
simulating the hydraulic fracture morphology under the expansion of a plurality of clusters of fractures by utilizing fracture expansion simulation software according to the established geomechanical model, and determining the length of the dynamic hydraulic fracture;
if not, executing the step 3 after correcting the construction parameters and the parameters of the geomechanical model;
step 5, fracturing liquid usage and sand amount when fracturing impact occurs in the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well are adopted to respectively perform fracturing on remaining intervals of the first fracturing construction well, the second fracturing construction well, the third fracturing construction well and the fourth fracturing construction well, fracturing construction of the four fracturing construction wells is completed after the fracturing construction of the four fracturing construction wells is completed, and fracturing construction is completed on two observation wells before the four fracturing construction wells are put into production;
step 6, drawing a correlation diagram between the fracturing fluid consumption and the dynamic hydraulic fracture length of the four fracturing construction wells, and preferably selecting the optimal construction scale and the corresponding hydraulic fracture half-fracture length according to the correlation diagram;
and 7, obtaining an optimal horizontal well spacing according to the hydraulic fracture half-seam length under the optimal construction scale, performing well distribution on a target block by adopting the optimal horizontal well spacing, and completing fracturing construction of a newly drilled horizontal well by adopting the optimal construction scale.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, four fracturing wells are completed by using a well cementing sliding sleeve mode or a well cementing bridge plug mode.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein when four fracturing wells are completed using a well cementing sliding sleeve, only one sliding sleeve is opened at a time;
when four fracturing construction wells are completed in a well cementation bridge plug mode, only one perforation is shot in each construction.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the two observation wells are completed by using an open hole sliding sleeve packer.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the fracture data comprises: the construction method comprises the steps of fracturing well construction starting time, observation well pressure response receiving time, construction well construction stopping time, stable pressure before the observation well is impacted, highest pressure after the observation well is impacted and stable construction pressure of the construction well.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the step 4 comprises:
determining the fracturing impact delay time, the fracturing impact pressure and the fracturing impact strength according to the fracturing data;
and determining whether the fracturing impact is caused by the hydraulic fracture expanding to the observation well or not according to the fracturing impact delay time, the fracturing impact pressure and the fracturing impact strength.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the fracture impact delay time, the fracture impact pressure and the fracture impact strength from the fracture data comprises:
determining fracturing impact delay time according to the time difference between the construction starting time of the fracturing well and the time of receiving pressure response by the observation well;
determining the fracturing impact pressure according to the pressure difference between the stable pressure of the observation well before the observation well is impacted and the highest pressure of the observation well after the observation well is impacted;
and taking the time difference between the construction stopping time of the construction well and the time when the observation well receives the pressure response as a second time difference, and determining the fracturing impact strength according to the ratio of the pressure impact pressure to the second time difference.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the determining whether the fracture strike is caused by the propagation of the hydraulic fracture into the observation well according to the fracture strike delay time, the fracture strike pressure, and the fracture strike intensity comprises:
the delay time of the fracturing impact is 1-10 minutes, and when the difference value of the fracturing impact pressure and the stable pressure difference is smaller than a preset threshold value, the fracturing impact is determined to be caused by a fault; the stable pressure difference is the difference value between the stable construction pressure of the construction well and the stable pressure of the observation well before the observation well receives impact;
the delay time of the fracturing impact is 10-100 minutes, the magnitude of the fracturing impact pressure is 10 degrees, and when the pressure impact strength is smaller than a preset pressure impact strength threshold value, the fracturing impact is caused by the expansion of micro cracks;
and when the fracturing impact delay time is not less than 60 minutes and the fracturing impact pressure is not less than 10MPa, determining that the fracturing impact is caused by the expansion of the hydraulic fracture to the observation well.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the soaking time is 15-90 days.
10. The method of claim 1 or 9, wherein in step 5, fracturing is completed for two observation wells one week before four fracturing construction wells are put into production.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7, when the relative seam distribution is carried out, the optimal horizontal well spacing is 2 times of the half seam length of the hydraulic fracture at the optimal construction scale;
when the joints are distributed in a staggered mode, the optimal horizontal well spacing is 1.25-2 times of the hydraulic fracture half joint length under the optimal construction scale.
12. The horizontal well optimization well spacing device is characterized in that four horizontal wells of six horizontal wells of a drilled reservoir are used as fracturing construction wells, the other two horizontal wells are used as observation wells, fracturing construction is carried out on the fracturing construction wells, fracturing data of each construction is obtained, the device obtains the fracturing data, and the horizontal well optimization well spacing method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is executed.
13. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the computer program implements the horizontal well optimized well placement method of any of claims 1-11.
14. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program for performing the horizontal well optimized well placement method of any of claims 1-11.
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