CN112084581A - Spacecraft low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory optimization method and system - Google Patents
Spacecraft low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory optimization method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-thrust perturbation intersection track optimization method and a system, which comprise the following steps: the orbit number of the spacecraft and the target at the starting time and the intersection time is given, and four-pulse speed increment is calculated; assuming that the switching strategy of the small thrust is on-off-on, estimating two starting time lengths of the small thrust; according to the starting time length of the two small thrusts, the middle point moment of the small thrusts is taken as the equivalent pulse moment, and a new four-pulse speed increment is recalculated; outputting the starting time length with small thrust until the pulse increment size change calculated in the two previous and later times is smaller than a preset value; the estimated small-thrust startup duration is used as a constraint and input into an indirect method optimization model for solving, and the optimal control rate, the transfer track and the mass variation are obtained; and (4) calculating the increment percentage of the speed increment and the pulse speed increment corresponding to the optimal control rate, if the increment percentage is greater than the threshold value, solving the step 5 again, and if the increment percentage is less than the threshold value, outputting the optimal control rate and the transfer track.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of space navigation control, and particularly relates to a method and a system for optimizing a low-thrust perturbation intersection track of a spacecraft.
Background
On the near-earth orbit, the earth non-spherical gravitational perturbation, the atmospheric resistance and the like are the most main perturbation items. When the small-thrust intersection trajectory optimization is carried out during the space debris clearing task, the influence of the perturbation term must be considered, but the corresponding orbit integral calculation amount is obviously increased compared with a two-body analysis dynamic model. Moreover, when the number of transfer turns is large, the calculation amount is greatly increased, and the efficiency of optimizing the rendezvous trajectory is reduced. Therefore, a new intersection trajectory planning method needs to be found, and planning efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to improve the optimization efficiency of a low-thrust intersection track when the influence of a perturbation item is considered, and provides a method and a system for quickly optimizing the low-thrust intersection track.
In order to solve the problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a spacecraft low thrust perturbation intersection trajectory optimization method comprises the following steps:
step 1: given spacecraft and target at a starting time t0And the number of tracks at the time of the crossing, tfThe track transfer time length is delta t, and four-pulse velocity increment delta v is calculated1,Δv2,Δv3,Δv4The first two pulses in the first and the last two pulses in the last cycle, and the pulse increment of the first cycle is recorded as Deltav0And the last pulse increment is recorded as Deltavf,
Δv0=Δv1+Δv2
Δvf=Δv3+Δv4
Step 2: assuming that the low-thrust switching strategy is on-off-on, the first start-up of the low-thrust switching strategy corresponds to a pulse speed increment of Δ v0The second start-up corresponds to a pulse velocity increment of Δ vfAccording to the mass and the thrust of the spacecraft, two equivalent starting time lengths of the small thrust are estimated to be respectively
Wherein k is the arc segment loss coefficient of the maneuvering effect when the impulse is expanded into small thrust; f is the thrust of the spacecraft, and m is the mass of the spacecraft;
and step 3: according to the estimated equivalent starting time length of the two small thrusts, taking the middle point moment of the small thrusts as the equivalent pulse moment, and taking the middle point moment of the small thrusts as the equivalent pulse momentAndequivalent transfer duration ofReturning to the step 1 to recalculate the new four-pulse speed increment to obtain the pulse increment delta v of the first circle0' and pulse increment of the last revolution Δ vf';
And 4, step 4: repeating the steps 1, 2 and 3 until the pulse increment size change calculated in two times is less than a preset value, | (delta v)0'+Δvf')-(Δv0+Δvf) If yes, outputting corresponding small-thrust starting time;
Δ v obtained at this time0'+Δvf' is the speed increment required to meet the estimated small thrust, at this time with the Δ v0'+Δvf' relative toCorresponding delta t1And Δ t2Starting up time length for two estimated small thrusters;
and 5: the estimated small-thrust starting-up time is used as a constraint and input into an optimization model of an indirect method small-thrust intersection track for solving, and the optimal control rate, the transfer track in the aircraft transfer process and the mass variation are obtained;
step 6: calculating the speed increment delta v corresponding to the optimal control rate according to the mass variation in the aircraft transfer processoptThe percentage of increase from the pulse velocity increment in step 4,
if the optimal control rate is greater than the preset threshold value, the step 5 is solved again, and if the optimal control rate is less than the preset threshold value, the optimal control rate and the transfer track are output, wherein IspIs specific impulse of engine, g is acceleration of gravity, m0Mass m at the initial moment of the spacecraftfAnd (4) meeting the quality of the spacecraft.
The invention also provides a system for quickly optimizing the low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory of the spacecraft, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores the method for quickly optimizing the low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory of the spacecraft, and the processor realizes the steps of the method when operating the method for quickly optimizing the low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory of the spacecraft.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method and the system for quickly optimizing the low-thrust perturbation rendezvous trajectory of the spacecraft, the low-thrust rendezvous pulse velocity increment is calculated according to the given initial orbit position and the target orbit position of the spacecraft, and then the low-thrust rendezvous pulse velocity increment is used as an initial value and an optimality criterion for solving and is substituted into an indirect method optimization model to obtain the optimal low-thrust transfer trajectory, so that the problem that the calculation efficiency is low due to the fact that the dynamics recursion calculation amount is large when the transfer time is long in the traditional indirect method low-thrust rendezvous optimization algorithm is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the power-on and power-off conditions of low thrust under the optimal solution conditions in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a trajectory diagram of the spacecraft under optimal solution conditions in the embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the startup and shutdown conditions of a small thrust under the condition of a locally optimal solution obtained by using a common indirect method trajectory optimization algorithm in the comparative embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a specific embodiment of a method for quickly optimizing a small thrust perturbation intersection trajectory of a spacecraft according to the present invention is provided, in this embodiment, the number of orbits of the spacecraft and a target at a reference time is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 reference time spacecraft and target orbit root
The initial mass of the spacecraft is 755.32kg, the thrust is 0.5N, and the specific impulse is 1000 s. To be calculated at a relative reference time t0Track transfer began on day 154.1, tf157.8 days of intersection, 3.7 days of Δ t, the optimum control rate for the required small thrust.
Step 1: given spacecraft and target at a starting time t0And the number of tracks at the time of the crossing, tfThe track transfer time is delta t, and the increment of the four-pulse speed is calculated to be delta v1,Δv2,Δv3,Δv4The first two pulses are in the first circle and the last two pulses are in the last circle, and the increment of the first circle is recorded as delta v0And the last pulse increment is recorded as Deltavf,
The method for calculating the four-pulse velocity increment comprises a four-pulse perturbation orbit intersection optimization algorithm or a pulse velocity increment estimation method. The pulse velocity increment estimation method is used in the present embodiment.
[Δv1,Δv2,Δv3,Δv4]=f(Element0,Elementf,tf,Δt) (2)
Wherein Element0And ElementfRespectively a starting orbit and a target orbit of the spacecraft, tfAt the time of the crossing, Δ t is the track transfer duration, t0=tfAnd- Δ t is the departure time, and in this embodiment, a pulse velocity increment estimation method in a rapid estimation method of the optimal velocity increment of long-time rail transit under J2 perturbation, which is disclosed by the patent number CN110789739A, is used as the function f. Will tfSubstituting the number of orbits into the function f to obtain Δ v, wherein the number of the orbits is 157.8 days, the number of the Δ t is 3.7 days0=28.4m/s,Δvf=14.7m/s。
Step 2: assuming that the low-thrust switching strategy is on-off-on, the first start-up of the low-thrust switching strategy corresponds to a pulse speed increment of Δ v0The second start-up corresponds to a pulse velocity increment of Δ vfAccording to the mass and the thrust of the spacecraft, two equivalent starting time lengths of the small thrust are estimated to be respectively
Wherein k is the arc segment loss coefficient of the maneuvering effect when the impulse is expanded into small thrust; f is the thrust of the spacecraft, m is the mass of the spacecraft, k is a coefficient less than 1, and k is 0.7 in this embodiment; will delta v0=28.4m/s,ΔvfSubstituting 14.7m/s into equation 3 yields Δ t1=0.71,Δt2Day 0.37. Δ t1For the first pulse speed increment at start-up Δ v0Corresponding low thrust equivalent boot-up duration, Δ t2For the second on-time pulse rateIncrement Δ vfThe corresponding small thrust is equivalent to the starting time.
And step 3: according to the estimated small-thrust starting-up time length, taking the small-thrust midpoint moment as an equivalent pulse moment, namely taking the small-thrust midpoint moment asAndthe equivalent transfer duration isReturning to the step 1 to recalculate the new four-pulse speed increment to obtain the pulse increment delta v of the first circle0' and pulse increment of the last revolution Δ vf';
In this embodiment, t isf(iii) substitution of formula (1) for 157.8-0.37/2-157.615 days and Δ t-3.7-0.71/2-0.37/2-3.16 days to give Δ ν0'=32.07m/s,Δvf'=16.19m/s。
And 4, step 4: repeating the steps 1, 2 and 3 until the change of the pulse speed increment calculated in the two times is smaller than a preset value, and outputting the equivalent starting time with low thrust;
|(Δv0'+Δvf')-(Δv0+Δvf)|< (4)
Δ v obtained at this time0'+Δvf' i.e. the pulse velocity increment required for the estimated small thrust intersection, with this Δ v0'+Δvf' corresponding Deltat1And Δ t2The estimated small-thrust equivalent starting time length is obtained;
in this example, 0.1m/s was taken, and after 3 iterations, the final Δ t was obtained1Day 0.82,. DELTA.t20.41 days,. DELTA.v0=32.69m/s,Δvf=16.51m/s。
And 5: and (4) taking the estimated small-thrust startup duration as a constraint input to an optimization model for optimizing a small-thrust intersection track by an indirect method for solving to obtain the optimal control rate, the position speed and the mass variation in the transfer process.
The optimization model for optimizing the low-thrust intersection track by an indirect method refers to the following steps:
let the thrust of the spacecraft be F and the initial mass be m0Taking into account the earth's non-spherical gravitational field J2Term, in normalized position r ═ X Y Z]TAnd velocity v ═ vX vY vZ]TThe finite thrust spacecraft dynamics equation for the state quantity is:
the fuel consumption model is:
wherein the basic dimension units RUnitIs set as the radius of the earth, TUnitSet as 600s, mUnitSet as initial mass m of spacecraft0Then the normalization of other units can be obtained by dimension analysis; alpha ═ alphaX αY αZ]TIs a unit vector of thrust direction, alphaX、αY、αZRespectively representing unit vectors of thrust of the spacecraft in X, Y, Z three-axis coordinate directions, X, Y, Z representing coordinate positions of the spacecraft on three axes in a space coordinate system, vX、vY、vZIndicating that the speed of the spacecraft is X, Y, Z IIIComponent in the direction of axis coordinate, u ∈ [0,1 ]]And u is the amplitude of the thrust force,for the maximum amplitude of the normalized thrust force,to specific fuel consumption, IspIs the engine specific impulse, g is the gravity acceleration, mu is the earth gravity constant, r is the modulus of the vector r; reRepresenting the radius of the earth.
For each section of track intersection, the initial time and the final time of the intersection are fixed, the number of the tracks at the corresponding moment is converted into the position speed, and the boundary value conditions are as follows
Wherein, m (t)0) I.e. the mass m of the spacecraft at the initial moment0;
The optimal thrust amplitude u (t) and the optimal thrust direction α (t) need to be solved so that the fuel consumption index is minimal:
using the principle of minima, first writing the Hamiltonian
WhereinTo minimize the Hamiltonian, according to (6)Of the expression (b), the optimum thrust direction being such thatvA takes the minimum value, i.e.
At the same time, the optimum thrust amplitude u should be such thatTaking the minimum value, namely:
where ρ is defined as the switching function:
according to the principle of minima, the covariates have the following relationships:
unfolding to obtain:
at the same time, as the terminal quality is not constrained, then
λm(tf)=0 (17)
If an initial covariant lambda is givenr(t0),λv(t0),λm(t0) And initial state r (t)0),v(t0),m(t0) Then the state and the covariates of the terminal can be calculated by differential equations. Optimal control problem is equivalent to solving the initial covariate λr(t0),λv(t0),λm(t0) Such that the end state and covariates satisfy the targeting function phi (z):
φ(z)=[r(tf)-rf,v(tf)-vf,λm(tf)]T=0 (18)
that is, the target function has 7 equations in total, and the solution variable is z ═ λr(t0),λv(t0),λm(t0)]Also 7 dimensions, corresponding to 7 covariates at the initial instant.
The number of the spacecraft orbits at the departure time and the target orbits at the rendezvous time is respectively converted into unitized position velocity r0=[0.425410721120000 0.540281353102000 -0.895982743973000],v0=[0.467147840028000 0.316148727267000 0.413824368484000]And rf=[-0.167451008984000 0.0699372107820000 -1.10700302437600],vf=[0.497209586529000 0.493710947528000 -0.0434604813910000]。m0Is the initial mass. I.e. known r0,v0,m0Solving for λr(t0),λv(t0),λm(t0) Let the system of differential equations (6), (7), (15) at tfThe time satisfies the terminal condition expression (18).
According to Δ t1And Δ t2Constraining thrust amplitude u (t) at [ t0+Δt1,tf-Δt2]The interval is always 0, and a target practice is performed by randomly guessing the covariates using a published nonlinear equation set solution and optimization toolkit Minpack-1.
Solving to obtain the optimal solution
[λr(t0),λv(t0),λm(t0)]=[0.283555391709000,-0.0590384733860000,-0.336635442397000,0.625749386435000,-0.148776401651000,0.280129358394000,0.00319735301800000]。
Step 6: calculating the corresponding speed increment delta v of the optimal track according to the mass variation in the aircraft transfer processoptThe percentage of increase from the pulse velocity increment in step 4,
according to the optimal solution [ lambda ]r(t0),λv(t0),λm(t0)]And r (t)0),v(t0),m(t0) Then, t can be obtained by integrating equations (6) and (7)0To tfThe optimal track between the position r, the speed v and the change relation of the mass m along with the time is obtained according to the value of the mass m along with the change of the time0And mfIs m (t)0) And m (t)f) Equivalent velocity increment Deltav corresponding to optimal trackopt:
Calculating to obtain the equivalent velocity increment delta v corresponding to the optimal trackopt=46.3m/s,
Δ v estimated in step 40'+Δvf'=32.69+16.51=49.2
In this embodiment, the preset threshold is 10%, and since the threshold is less than 10%, the solution obtained in step 5 is the optimal solution, and the optimal solution is output.
The thrust on-off condition of the optimal solution is shown in figure 2, the track is shown in figure 3, and the fuel consumption is 3.4 kg. Optimization takes less than 2 minutes. If the solving strategy designed by the invention is not used, the local optimal solution can be obtained with a higher probability by a common indirect method track optimization algorithm, the thrust on-off condition of the local optimal solution solved at a certain time is shown in figure 4, and the corresponding fuel consumption is 6.4 kg.
The embodiment proves that the method has high optimization speed, can avoid local optimal solution, and solves the problem of quick optimization of the small-thrust perturbation intersection track.
The invention also provides a system for quickly optimizing the low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory of the spacecraft, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores the method for quickly optimizing the low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory of the spacecraft, and the processor realizes the steps of the method when operating the method for quickly optimizing the low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory of the spacecraft.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express a certain implementation mode of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A spacecraft low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: given spacecraft and target at a starting time t0And the number of tracks at the time of the crossing, tfThe track transfer time length is delta t, and four-pulse velocity increment delta v is calculated1,Δv2,Δv3,Δv4The first two pulses in the first and the last two pulses in the last cycle, and the pulse increment of the first cycle is recorded as Deltav0And the last pulse increment is recorded as Deltavf,
Δv0=Δv1+Δv2
Δvf=Δv3+Δv4
Step 2: assuming the low thrust switching strategy is on-off-on, the first power-on of the low thrust switching strategyCorresponding pulse velocity increment of Δ v0The second start-up corresponds to a pulse velocity increment of Δ vfAccording to the mass and the thrust of the spacecraft, two equivalent starting time lengths of the small thrust are estimated to be respectively
Wherein k is the arc segment loss coefficient of the maneuvering effect when the impulse is expanded into small thrust; f is the thrust of the spacecraft, and m is the mass of the spacecraft;
and step 3: according to the estimated starting time length of the two equivalent small thrusts, taking the middle point moment of the small thrusts as the equivalent pulse moment, and taking the middle point moment of the small thrusts asAndequivalent transfer duration ofReturning to the step 1 to recalculate the new four-pulse speed increment to obtain the pulse increment delta v of the first circle0' and pulse increment of the last revolution Δ vf';
And 4, step 4: repeating the steps 1, 2 and 3 until the change of the pulse velocity increment of the two previous and next calculations is less than a preset value, | (delta v)0'+Δvf')-(Δv0+Δvf) I <, outputting corresponding small-thrust equivalent starting time;
Δ v obtained at this time0'+Δvf' i.e. the pulse velocity increment required for the estimated small thrust intersection, with this Δ v0'+Δvf' corresponding Deltat1And Δ t2To estimateThe counted low thrust is equivalent to the starting time;
and 5: taking the estimated low-thrust equivalent starting time as a constraint input into an optimization model of an indirect low-thrust intersection track to solve, and obtaining the optimal control rate, the transfer track in the aircraft transfer process and the mass variation;
step 6: calculating the corresponding speed increment delta v of the optimal track according to the mass variation in the aircraft transfer processoptThe percentage of increase from the pulse velocity increment in step 4,
if the optimal control rate is greater than the preset threshold value, the step 5 is solved again, and if the optimal control rate is less than the preset threshold value, the optimal control rate and the transfer track are output, wherein IspIs specific impulse of engine, g is acceleration of gravity, m0Mass m at the initial moment of the spacecraftfAnd (4) meeting the quality of the spacecraft.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the optimization model of the indirect low-thrust intersection trajectory in the step 5 refers to:
let the thrust of the spacecraft be F and the initial mass be m0Taking into account the earth's non-spherical gravitational field J2Term, in normalized position r ═ X Y Z]TAnd velocity v ═ vX vY vZ]TThe finite thrust spacecraft dynamics equation for the state quantity is:
the fuel consumption model is:
wherein the basic dimension units RUnitIs set as the radius of the earth, TUnitSet as 600s, mUnitSet as initial mass m of spacecraft0Then the normalization of other units can be obtained by dimension analysis; alpha ═ alphaX αY αZ]TIs a unit vector of thrust direction, alphaX、αY、αZRespectively representing unit vectors of thrust of the spacecraft in X, Y, Z three-axis coordinate directions, X, Y, Z representing coordinate positions of the spacecraft on three axes in a space coordinate system, vX、vY、vZRepresents the component of the spacecraft velocity in the X, Y, Z three-axis coordinate direction, and u is equal to 0,1]And u is the amplitude of the thrust force,for the maximum amplitude of the normalized thrust force,mu is the Earth's gravitational constant, R is the modulus of the vector R, R is the specific fuel consumptioneRepresents the radius of the earth;
for each section of track intersection, the initial time and the final time of the intersection are fixed, the number of the tracks at the corresponding moment is converted into the position speed, and the boundary value conditions are as follows
The optimal thrust amplitude u (t) and thrust direction α (t) need to be solved so that the fuel consumption index is minimal:
using the principle of minima, first writing the Hamiltonian
WhereinTo minimize the Hamiltonian, according to (6)Of the expression (b), the optimum thrust direction being such thatvA takes the minimum value, i.e.
At the same time, the optimum thrust amplitude u should be such thatTaking the minimum value, namely:
where ρ is defined as the switching function:
according to the principle of minima, the covariates have the following relationships:
unfolding to obtain:
wherein
At the same time, as the terminal quality is not constrained, then
λm(tf)=0 (17)
If an initial covariant lambda is givenr(t0),λv(t0),λm(t0) And initial state r (t)0),v(t0),m(t0) Then the state and the covariates of the terminal can be obtained by calculation through a differential equation, and the optimal control problem is equivalent to solving the initial covariates lambdar(t0),λv(t0),λm(t0) So that the end state and the covariant state changeThe quantities satisfy the targeting function phi (z):
φ(z)=[r(tf)-rf,v(tf)-vf,λm(tf)]T=0 (18)
that is, the target function has 7 equations in total, and the solution variable is z ═ λr(t0),λv(t0),λm(t0)]Also 7 dimensions, corresponding to 7 covariates at the initial instant.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method of solving the optimization model in step 5 is:
according to Δ t1And Δ t2Constraining thrust amplitude u (t) at [ t0+Δt1,tf-Δt2]The interval is always 0, and a target practice is performed by randomly guessing the covariates using a published nonlinear equation set solution and optimization toolkit Minpack-1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the calculation method of the pulse velocity increment in step 1 is an optimal four-pulse transfer optimization method or a four-pulse transfer estimation method.
5. The utility model provides a spacecraft low thrust perturbation intersection orbit optimization system which characterized in that: the method comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a method for quickly optimizing the low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory of the spacecraft, and the processor realizes the steps of the method in any one of claims 1 to 4 when running the method for quickly optimizing the low-thrust perturbation intersection trajectory of the spacecraft.
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